DDI_SWZ_2021_AFB-R8_v01_M_WB Development Economics Data Group 2022-10-31 NADA Version 01 (October 2022) Afrobarometer Survey 2021 Round 8 AFB-R8 2021 SWZ_2021_AFB-R8_v01_M Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR) Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) Institute for Development Studies (IDS) Michigan State University (MSU) University of Cape Town (UCT, South Africa) NADA Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Round 4 surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in 20 countries, reflecting the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia. The fifth Round of surveys were done between October 2011 and June 2013. In the Round 5 surveys, the project covered an additional 15 countries in different regions of the continent. Among the new R5 countries were Mauritius and Swaziland in Southern Africa; Burundi and Ethiopia in East Africa; Cameroon, Niger, Cote D’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Togo in West Africa. Afrobarometer also worked with the Arab Barometer and implemented R5 surveys in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco Sudan and Tunisia. Additional Round 5.5 surveys were also conducted in Mali and Zimbabwe. In Round 6, surveys were done 36 countries. Two countries that were covered in Round 5, Ethiopia and Egypt, were not included due to operational constraints. In their place, the Network added Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe. The survey covered 34 African countries covered in Round 7 (2016-2018). Here are the list of countries covered in Round 7: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The Round 8 survey (2019-2021) covered 34 countries, including its first survey in Angola. Here are the list of countries covered in Round 8: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021). Eswatini National coverage The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district. Individual The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics: • Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives. • Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance performance and social service delivery. • Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money? • Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management. • Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions? • Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence? • Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation. • National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist? ActivQuest Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: • using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Eswatini - Sample size: 1,200 - Sampling Frame: Eswatini Central Statistics Office 2017 Population Census - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region, urban-rural distribution - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual Face-to-face [f2f] The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data. The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123). Data weights For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size. Afrobarometer weights protocol is available on link - https://www.afrobarometer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Afrobarometer_Weights_Protocol.pdf Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 97.53% - Cooperation rate: 91.95% - Refusal rate: 1.27% - Response rate: 89.69% +/-3 percentage points at 95% confidence level Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the Identification of the Primary Investigator - the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation) - the survey reference number - the source and date of download Example: Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. afrobarometer_release-data_esw_r8_en_2021-09-21.sav Afrobarometer round 8 survey data. 1200 346 Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number 1200 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit 1200 1 2 1 Urban 2 Rural Province or region Province or region Province or region Province or region Province or region 1200 1620 1623 1620 Hhohho 1621 Manzini 1622 Lubombo 1623 Shiselweni EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA EA-SVC. Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area? A. Electricity grid that most houses can access 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC. Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area? B. Piped water system that most houses can access 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA EA-SVC. Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area? C. Sewage system that most houses can access 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SVC-D. Mobile phone service in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-D. Mobile phone service in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-D. Mobile phone service in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-D. Mobile phone service in the PSU/EA EA-SVC-D. Mobile phone service in the PSU/EA EA-SVC. Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area? D. Mobile phone service 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SVC-E. Borehole or tubewell in PSU/EA EA-SVC-E. Borehole or tubewell in PSU/EA EA-SVC-E. Borehole or tubewell in PSU/EA EA-SVC-E. Borehole or tubewell in PSU/EA EA-SVC-E. Borehole or tubewell in PSU/EA EA-SVC. Are the following services present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area? E. Borehole or tubewell 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? A. Post office 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? B. School (private or public or both) 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? C. Police station 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? D. Health clinic (private or public or both) 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? E. Market stalls (selling groceries and / or clothing) 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-F. Bank or money services in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-F. Bank or money services in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-F. Bank or money services in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-F. Bank or money services in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-F. Bank or money services in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? F. Bank, money transfer point, mobile banking services or ATM 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA EA-FAC. Are the following facilities present in the primary sampling unit / enumeration area or in easy walking distance? G. Is there any kind of paid transport, such as a bus, taxi, moped, or other form, available on a daily basis? 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA EA-SEC. In the PSU / EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: A. Any police officers or police vehicles? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC. In the PSU / EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: B. Any soldiers or army vehicles? 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA EA-SEC. In the PSU / EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: C. Any roadblocks set up by police or army? 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA EA-SEC. In the PSU / EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: D. Any customs checkpoints? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA EA-SEC. In the PSU / EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: E. Any roadblocks or booms set up by private security providers or by the local community? 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point EA-ROAD. Thinking of the journey here: A. Was the road at the start point in the PSU / EA 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 1 Earth 2 Gravel 3 Stone 4 Muram 5 Paved/ Tarred 6 Concrete 7 None of above EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km EA-ROAD. Thinking of the journey here: B. What was the most common surface of the road over the last 5 kilometers before arriving at the start point of the PSU / EA? 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 1 Earth 2 Gravel 3 Stone 4 Muram 5 Paved/ Tarred 6 Concrete 7 None of above EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km EA-ROAD-C Thinking of the journey here: What was the condition of the road in the last 5 km before reaching the start point of the PSU / EA? Was the road in excellent or good condition and easy to traverse, or was it in poor or very poor condition, that is, difficult to traverse due to potholes, waterlogging, or other issues, or was it impassable at any point (e.g. due to a collapsed bridge, fallen tree, flooding, etc.)? 1200 2 6 -1 Missing 1 Impassable 2 Very poor 3 Poor 4 Fair 5 Good 6 Very good Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 1 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 2 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (Verbatim) Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (Verbatim) Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (Verbatim) Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (Verbatim) Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (Verbatim) Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 2 (Other) 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 3 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 4 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 5 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 6 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 7 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 8 1200 6 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 9 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 9 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 9 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 9 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 9 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls Household 9 1200 9997 9997 -1 Missing 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 No adults in household 8 Other (specify) 9997 Interview was successful This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender THISINT. This interview must be with a: 1200 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Number of adults in household Number of adults in household Number of adults in household Number of adults in household Number of adults in household ADULT_CT. Total number of adult citizens in the household 1200 1 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 18 Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls CALLS. How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 1200 1 2 1 2 Date of interview Date of interview Date of interview Date of interview Date of interview DATEINTR. Date of interview [Interviewer: Enter day, month, and year] 1200 2021-03-23 2021-03-24 2021-03-25 2021-03-26 2021-03-27 2021-03-28 2021-03-29 2021-03-30 2021-03-31 2021-04-01 2021-04-02 2021-04-03 2021-04-04 2021-04-05 2021-04-06 2021-04-07 2021-04-09 2021-04-12 2021-04-13 2021-04-14 2021-04-15 Time interview started Time interview started Time interview started Time interview started Time interview started STRTIME. Time interview started [Interviewer: Enter hour and minute, using 24-hour clock] 1200 Q1. Age Q1. Age Q1. Age Q1. Age Q1. Age 1. How old are you? 1200 18 98 -1 Missing 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 92 98 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q2. Language spoken in home Q2. Language spoken in home Q2. Language spoken in home Q2. Language spoken in home Q2. Language spoken in home 2. What is the primary language you speak in your home now? 1200 1 1621 1 English 1620 siSwati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other 9998 Refused 9999 Don't know Q3. Overall direction of the country Q3. Overall direction of the country Q3. Overall direction of the country Q3. Overall direction of the country Q3. Overall direction of the country 3. Let's start with your general view about the current direction of our country. Some people might think the country is going in the wrong direction. Others may feel it is going in the right direction. So let me ask YOU about the overall direction of the country: Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or going in the right direction? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Going in the wrong direction 2 Going in the right direction 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q4a. Country’s present economic condition Q4a. Country’s present economic condition Q4a. Country’s present economic condition Q4a. Country’s present economic condition Q4a. Country’s present economic condition Let’s discuss economic conditions. 4. In general, how would you describe: A. The present economic condition of this country? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly Bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly Good 5 Very good 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Q4b. Your present living conditions Let’s discuss economic conditions. 4. In general, how would you describe: B. Your own present living conditions? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly Bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly Good 5 Very good 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q5. Treated unfairly by government based on economic status Q5. Treated unfairly by government based on economic status Q5. Treated unfairly by government based on economic status Q5. Treated unfairly by government based on economic status Q5. Treated unfairly by government based on economic status 5. How often, if ever, are people like you treated unfairly by the government based on your economic status, that is, how rich or poor you are? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q6a. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago Q6a. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago Q6a. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago Q6a. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago Q6a. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago 6A. Looking back, how do you rate economic conditions in this country compared to 12 months ago? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much better 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q6b. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time Q6b. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time Q6b. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time Q6b. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time Q6b. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time 6B. Looking ahead, do you expect economic conditions in this country to be better or worse in 12 months’ time? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much better 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q7a. How often gone without food Q7a. How often gone without food Q7a. How often gone without food Q7a. How often gone without food Q7a. How often gone without food 7. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: A. Enough food to eat? 1200 4 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q7b. How often gone without water Q7b. How often gone without water Q7b. How often gone without water Q7b. How often gone without water Q7b. How often gone without water 7. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: B. Enough clean water for home use? 1200 4 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q7c. How often gone without medical care Q7c. How often gone without medical care Q7c. How often gone without medical care Q7c. How often gone without medical care Q7c. How often gone without medical care 7. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: C. Medicines or medical treatment? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q7d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q7d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q7d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q7d. How often gone without cooking fuel Q7d. How often gone without cooking fuel 7. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: D. Enough fuel to cook your food? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q7e. How often gone without cash income Q7e. How often gone without cash income Q7e. How often gone without cash income Q7e. How often gone without cash income Q7e. How often gone without cash income 7. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: E. A cash income? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q8a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Q8a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Q8a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Q8a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Q8a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood 8. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: A. Felt unsafe walking in your neighbourhood? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q8b. How often feared crime in home Q8b. How often feared crime in home Q8b. How often feared crime in home Q8b. How often feared crime in home Q8b. How often feared crime in home 8. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: B. Feared crime in your own home? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q9. Discuss politics Q9. Discuss politics Q9. Discuss politics Q9. Discuss politics Q9. Discuss politics 9. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters: 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Occasionally 2 Frequently 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q10a. Freedom to say what you think Q10a. Freedom to say what you think Q10a. Freedom to say what you think Q10a. Freedom to say what you think Q10a. Freedom to say what you think 10. In this country, how free are you: A. To say what you think 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not at all free 2 Not very free 3 Somewhat free 4 Completely free 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q10b. Freedom to join any political organization Q10b. Freedom to join any political organization Q10b. Freedom to join any political organization Q10b. Freedom to join any political organization Q10b. Freedom to join any political organization 10. In this country, how free are you: B. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing 1 Not at all free 2 Not very free 3 Somewhat free 4 Completely free 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in the country Q10c. Freedom to choose who to vote for Q10c. Freedom to choose who to vote for Q10c. Freedom to choose who to vote for Q10c. Freedom to choose who to vote for Q10c. Freedom to choose who to vote for 10. In this country, how free are you: C. To choose who to vote for without feeling pressured 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not at all free 2 Not very free 3 Somewhat free 4 Completely free 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q11a. Attend a community meeting Q11a. Attend a community meeting Q11a. Attend a community meeting Q11a. Attend a community meeting Q11a. Attend a community meeting 11. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. [If Yes, read]: Was this often, several times or once or twice? [If no, read]: Would you do this if you had the chance? A. Attended a community meeting 1200 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, would do it if I had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q11b. Join others to raise an issue Q11b. Join others to raise an issue Q11b. Join others to raise an issue Q11b. Join others to raise an issue Q11b. Join others to raise an issue 11. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. [If Yes, read]: Was this often, several times or once or twice? [If no, read]: Would you do this if you had the chance? B. Got together with others to raise an issue 1200 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, would do it if I had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q11c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q11c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q11c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q11c. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q11c. Attend a demonstration or protest march 11. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. [If Yes, read]: Was this often, several times or once or twice? [If no, read]: Would you do this if you had the chance? C. Participated in a demonstration or protest march 1200 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, would do it if I had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q12a. Contact local government councillor Q12a. Contact local government councillor Q12a. Contact local government councillor Q12a. Contact local government councillor Q12a. Contact local government councillor 12. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views? A. A local government councillor 1200 9 -1 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 8 6 9 7 94 8 99 9 Q12b. Contact MP Q12b. Contact MP Q12b. Contact MP Q12b. Contact MP Q12b. Contact MP 12. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views? B. A member of Parliament 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q12c. Contact political party official Q12c. Contact political party official Q12c. Contact political party official Q12c. Contact political party official Q12c. Contact political party official 12. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views? C. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in the country Q12d. Contact traditional leader Q12d. Contact traditional leader Q12d. Contact traditional leader Q12d. Contact traditional leader Q12d. Contact traditional leader 12. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or to give them your views? D. Traditional leaders, you know, Buchopho 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q13. Voting in the most recent national election Q13. Voting in the most recent national election Q13. Voting in the most recent national election Q13. Voting in the most recent national election Q13. Voting in the most recent national election Let’s talk about the last national election held in 2018. 13. People are not always able to vote in elections, for example, because they weren’t registered, they were unable to go, or someone prevented them from voting. How about you? In the last national election held in 2018, did you vote, or not, or were you too young to vote? Or can’t you remember whether you voted? 1200 9 -1 Missing I did not vote 1 I was too young to vote 2 I can’t remember whether I voted 3 I voted in the election 8 Refused 9 Don’t Know Q14. Freeness and fairness of the last national election Q14. Freeness and fairness of the last national election Q14. Freeness and fairness of the last national election Q14. Freeness and fairness of the last national election Q14. Freeness and fairness of the last national election 14. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2018? Was it: 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 1 Not free and fair 2 Free and fair, with major problems 3 Free and fair, but with minor problems 4 Completely free and fair 8 Do not understand question 9 Don’t know 98 Refused Q15a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally Q15a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally Q15a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally Q15a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally Q15a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally 15. Thinking about the last national election in 2018: A. Did you attend a campaign rally? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q15b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party Q15b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party Q15b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party Q15b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party Q15b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party 15. Thinking about the last national election in 2018: B. Did you work for a candidate or party? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q15c. Last national election: contacted by political party rep Q15c. Last national election: contacted by political party rep Q15c. Last national election: contacted by political party rep Q15c. Last national election: contacted by political party rep Q15c. Last national election: contacted by political party rep 15. Thinking about the last national election in 2018: C. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know 94 Not asked in the country Q15d. Which party contacted: 1st response Q15d. Which party contacted: 1st response Q15d. Which party contacted: 1st response Q15d. Which party contacted: 1st response Q15d. Which party contacted: 1st response 15. Thinking about the last national election in 2018: D. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know 94 Not asked in country Q16a. Last national election: media covers all candidates fairly Q16a. Last national election: media covers all candidates fairly Q16a. Last national election: media covers all candidates fairly Q16a. Last national election: media covers all candidates fairly Q16a. Last national election: media covers all candidates fairly 16A. During the last national election campaign in 2018, how often did the media provide fair coverage of all candidates? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q16b. Last national election: offered food, gift or money for vote Q16b. Last national election: offered food, gift or money for vote Q16b. Last national election: offered food, gift or money for vote Q16b. Last national election: offered food, gift or money for vote Q16b. Last national election: offered food, gift or money for vote 16B. During the last national election in 2018, how often, if ever, did a candidate offer you something, like food, a gift, or money, in return for your vote? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 Several times 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q17a. Last national election: votes not accurately counted Q17a. Last national election: votes not accurately counted Q17a. Last national election: votes not accurately counted Q17a. Last national election: votes not accurately counted Q17a. Last national election: votes not accurately counted 17. In the last national election in 2018, how often did each of the following things happen? A. People’s votes were not accurately counted or not fairly reflected in the results? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 A few times 2 Often 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q17b. Last national election: people voted more than once Q17b. Last national election: people voted more than once Q17b. Last national election: people voted more than once Q17b. Last national election: people voted more than once Q17b. Last national election: people voted more than once 17. In the last national election in 2018, how often did each of the following things happen? B. People voted more than once? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 A few times 2 Often 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q17c. Last national election: powerful find out your vote Q17c. Last national election: powerful find out your vote Q17c. Last national election: powerful find out your vote Q17c. Last national election: powerful find out your vote Q17c. Last national election: powerful find out your vote 17C. How likely do you think it is that powerful people can find out how you voted, even though there is supposed to be a secret ballot in this country? 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all likely 1 Not very likely 2 Somewhat likely 3 Very likely 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q17d. Last national election: fear political intimidation or violence Q17d. Last national election: fear political intimidation or violence Q17d. Last national election: fear political intimidation or violence Q17d. Last national election: fear political intimidation or violence Q17d. Last national election: fear political intimidation or violence 17D. During the last national election campaign in 2018, how much did you personally fear becoming a victim of political intimidation or violence? 1200 9 -1 Missing A lot 1 Somewhat 2 A little bit 3 Not at all 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q18a. Last national election: police or soldiers assist people to cast ballot Q18a. Last national election: police or soldiers assist people to cast ballot Q18a. Last national election: police or soldiers assist people to cast ballot Q18a. Last national election: police or soldiers assist people to cast ballot Q18a. Last national election: police or soldiers assist people to cast ballot 18. During the last national election in 2018, did you witness: A. Police or soldiers, rather than election officials, assisting some people to cast their ballot? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Can’t remember Q18b. Last national election: voter intimidation Q18b. Last national election: voter intimidation Q18b. Last national election: voter intimidation Q18b. Last national election: voter intimidation Q18b. Last national election: voter intimidation 18. During the last national election in 2018, did you witness: B. Anyone from the security forces trying to intimidate voters? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Can’t remember Q18c. Last national election: announced results reflect counted results Q18c. Last national election: announced results reflect counted results Q18c. Last national election: announced results reflect counted results Q18c. Last national election: announced results reflect counted results Q18c. Last national election: announced results reflect counted results 18C. With regard to the last national election in 2018, to what extent do you think the results announced by the Elections and Boundaries Commission accurately reflected the actual results as counted? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not accurate at all 2 Not very accurate, with major discrepancies 3 Mostly accurate, but with some minor discrepancies 4 Completely accurate 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q19a. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q19a. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q19a. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q19a. Government bans organizations vs. join any Q19a. Government bans organizations vs. join any Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 19A. Statement 1: The government should be able to ban any organisation that goes against its policies. Statement 2: We should be able to join any organisation, whether or not the government approves of it. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q19b. Media free to publish vs. government control Q19b. Media free to publish vs. government control Q19b. Media free to publish vs. government control Q19b. Media free to publish vs. government control Q19b. Media free to publish vs. government control Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 19B. Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control. Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it disapproves of. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q20a. Reject one-party rule Q20a. Reject one-party rule Q20a. Reject one-party rule Q20a. Reject one-party rule Q20a. Reject one-party rule 20. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? A. Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q20b. Reject military rule Q20b. Reject military rule Q20b. Reject military rule Q20b. Reject military rule Q20b. Reject military rule 20. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? B. The army comes in to govern the country. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q20c. Reject one-man rule Q20c. Reject one-man rule Q20c. Reject one-man rule Q20c. Reject one-man rule Q20c. Reject one-man rule 20. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? C. Elections and Parliament are abolished so that the prime minister can decide everything. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q20d-swz. Reject King rule Q20d-swz. Reject King rule Q20d-swz. Reject King rule Q20d-swz. Reject King rule Q20d-swz. Reject King rule 20. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? D-SWZ. Elections and Parliament are abolished so that the King can govern the country 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q21. Support for democracy Q21. Support for democracy Q21. Support for democracy Q21. Support for democracy Q21. Support for democracy 21. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 STATEMENT 3: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have. 2 STATEMENT 2: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable. 3 STATEMENT 1: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government. 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q22. Govt gets things done vs. govt accountable to citizens Q22. Govt gets things done vs. govt accountable to citizens Q22. Govt gets things done vs. govt accountable to citizens Q22. Govt gets things done vs. govt accountable to citizens Q22. Govt gets things done vs. govt accountable to citizens Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 22. Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no influence over what it does. Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that means it makes decisions more slowly. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q23. Listen to wisdom of elders vs fresh ideas from young people Q23. Listen to wisdom of elders vs fresh ideas from young people Q23. Listen to wisdom of elders vs fresh ideas from young people Q23. Listen to wisdom of elders vs fresh ideas from young people Q23. Listen to wisdom of elders vs fresh ideas from young people Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 23. Statement 1: In order for our country to do well, we should listen more to the wisdom of our elders. Statement 2: In order for our country to do well, we should listen more to fresh ideas from young people. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q24. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q24. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q24. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q24. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q24. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 24. Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open, and honest elections. Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s leaders. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q25. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q25. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q25. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q25. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q25. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 25. Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in Eswatini. Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Emaswati have real choices in who governs them. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q26. Elected officials follow constituent demands vs follow own ideas Q26. Elected officials follow constituent demands vs follow own ideas Q26. Elected officials follow constituent demands vs follow own ideas Q26. Elected officials follow constituent demands vs follow own ideas Q26. Elected officials follow constituent demands vs follow own ideas Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 26. Statement 1: Our elected officials should listen to constituents’ views and do what they demand. Statement 2: Our elected leaders should follow their own ideas in deciding what is best for the country. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q27. Elected leaders empower most capable vs help people left behind Q27. Elected leaders empower most capable vs help people left behind Q27. Elected leaders empower most capable vs help people left behind Q27. Elected leaders empower most capable vs help people left behind Q27. Elected leaders empower most capable vs help people left behind Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 27. Statement 1: Our elected leaders need to focus on empowering our most capable citizens. Statement 2: Our elected leaders should focus on helping people who have been left behind by economic and social change. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q28. Experts make most important decisions vs no need for experts Q28. Experts make most important decisions vs no need for experts Q28. Experts make most important decisions vs no need for experts Q28. Experts make most important decisions vs no need for experts Q28. Experts make most important decisions vs no need for experts Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 28. Statement 1: Experts with specialized education or skills are needed to help make the most important decisions for our country. Statement 2: The people and their elected representatives know what is best; they do not need the advice of experts to run the country. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q29. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Q29. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Q29. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Q29. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Q29. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 29. Statement 1: Parliament should ensure that the prime minister explains to it on a regular basis how his government spends taxpayers’ money. Statement 2: The prime minister should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than wasting time justifying his actions. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q30. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q30. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q30. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q30. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Q30. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 30. Statement 1: Since the prime minister was appointed to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he thinks are wrong. Statement 2: The prime minister must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q31. Election winner pursues preferred policies vs. compromise w/others Q31. Election winner pursues preferred policies vs. compromise w/others Q31. Election winner pursues preferred policies vs. compromise w/others Q31. Election winner pursues preferred policies vs. compromise w/others Q31. Election winner pursues preferred policies vs. compromise w/others Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 31. Statement 1: Whichever party or group wins elections should be able to pursue the policies they prefer, without needing to compromise with others. Statement 2: In a democracy, it is important to make compromises between the preferences and needs of different groups. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q32. Popular govt free to do whatever people want vs always follow the law Q32. Popular govt free to do whatever people want vs always follow the law Q32. Popular govt free to do whatever people want vs always follow the law Q32. Popular govt free to do whatever people want vs always follow the law Q32. Popular govt free to do whatever people want vs always follow the law Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 32. Statement 1: A government that enjoys the support of the people should be free to do whatever the people want, even if it is outside the law. Statement 2: The actions of any government, no matter how popular it is, must always follow the law. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q33. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting Q33. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting Q33. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting Q33. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting Q33. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 33. Statement 1: The news media should constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption. Statement 2: Too much reporting on negative events, like government mistakes and corruption, only harms the country. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] 34. Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the prime minister to serving a maximum of two terms in office. Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the prime minister can serve. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with 1 2 Agree with 1 3 Agree with 2 4 Agree very strongly with 2 5 Agree with neither 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q35a. Minimum age for presidential candidate Q35a. Minimum age for presidential candidate Q35a. Minimum age for presidential candidate Q35a. Minimum age for presidential candidate Q35a. Minimum age for presidential candidate 35A. Should there be a minimum age for candidates for prime minister? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q35b. Suggested minimum age for presidential candidate Q35b. Suggested minimum age for presidential candidate Q35b. Suggested minimum age for presidential candidate Q35b. Suggested minimum age for presidential candidate Q35b. Suggested minimum age for presidential candidate 35B. [If yes] What should the minimum age be? 1200 18 999 -1 Missing 18 20 21 22 25 26 28 30 32 34 35 36 37 38 40 42 43 44 45 46 48 50 51 55 60 70 80 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q35c. Maximum age for presidential candidate Q35c. Maximum age for presidential candidate Q35c. Maximum age for presidential candidate Q35c. Maximum age for presidential candidate Q35c. Maximum age for presidential candidate 35C. Should there be a maximum age for candidates for prime minister? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q35d. Suggested maximum age for presidential candidate Q35d. Suggested maximum age for presidential candidate Q35d. Suggested maximum age for presidential candidate Q35d. Suggested maximum age for presidential candidate Q35d. Suggested maximum age for presidential candidate 35D. [If yes] What should the maximum age be? 1200 25 999 -1 Missing 25 30 31 35 40 45 48 50 52 55 57 58 59 60 62 63 65 68 69 70 72 75 77 78 80 85 88 90 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q36. Extent of democracy Q36. Extent of democracy Q36. Extent of democracy Q36. Extent of democracy Q36. Extent of democracy Now let us speak about the political system in this country. 36. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Eswatini today? 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 1 Not a democracy 2 A democracy, with major problems 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 4 A full democracy 8 Do not understand question /do not understand what ‘democracy’ is 9 Don’t know 98 Refused Q37. Satisfaction with democracy Q37. Satisfaction with democracy Q37. Satisfaction with democracy Q37. Satisfaction with democracy Q37. Satisfaction with democracy 37. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Eswatini? Are you: 1200 9 -1 Missing The country is not a democracy 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied 8 Refused 9 Do not know Q38a. MPs listen Q38a. MPs listen Q38a. MPs listen Q38a. MPs listen Q38a. MPs listen 38. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say? A. Members of Parliament 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q38b. Local government councillors listen Q38b. Local government councillors listen Q38b. Local government councillors listen Q38b. Local government councillors listen Q38b. Local government councillors listen 38. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say? B. Members of local government council 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q38c. Traditional leaders listen Q38c. Traditional leaders listen Q38c. Traditional leaders listen Q38c. Traditional leaders listen Q38c. Traditional leaders listen 38. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say? C. Traditional leaders, you know, Bucopho 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q39a. Tax authorities have right to enforce taxes Q39a. Tax authorities have right to enforce taxes Q39a. Tax authorities have right to enforce taxes Q39a. Tax authorities have right to enforce taxes Q39a. Tax authorities have right to enforce taxes 39. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree. A. The tax authorities always have the right to make people pay taxes. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q39b. Government information for official use only Q39b. Government information for official use only Q39b. Government information for official use only Q39b. Government information for official use only Q39b. Government information for official use only 39. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree. B. Information held by public authorities is only for use by government officials; it should not have to be shared with the public. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q40a. How often party competition leads to conflict Q40a. How often party competition leads to conflict Q40a. How often party competition leads to conflict Q40a. How often party competition leads to conflict Q40a. How often party competition leads to conflict 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: A. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in the country Q40b. How often president ignores laws Q40b. How often president ignores laws Q40b. How often president ignores laws Q40b. How often president ignores laws Q40b. How often president ignores laws 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: B. Does the prime minister ignore the courts and laws of this country? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q40c. How often president ignores parliament Q40c. How often president ignores parliament Q40c. How often president ignores parliament Q40c. How often president ignores parliament Q40c. How often president ignores parliament 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: C. Does the prime minister ignore Parliament and just do what he wants? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q40d. How often careful what you say Q40d. How often careful what you say Q40d. How often careful what you say Q40d. How often careful what you say Q40d. How often careful what you say 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: D. Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q40e. How often people treated unequally Q40e. How often people treated unequally Q40e. How often people treated unequally Q40e. How often people treated unequally Q40e. How often people treated unequally 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: E. Are people treated unequally under the law? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q40f. How often officials unpunished Q40f. How often officials unpunished Q40f. How often officials unpunished Q40f. How often officials unpunished Q40f. How often officials unpunished 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: F. Do officials who commit crimes go unpunished? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q40g. How often ordinary people unpunished Q40g. How often ordinary people unpunished Q40g. How often ordinary people unpunished Q40g. How often ordinary people unpunished Q40g. How often ordinary people unpunished 40. In your opinion, how often, in this country: G. Do ordinary people who break the law go unpunished? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q41a. Trust president Q41a. Trust president Q41a. Trust president Q41a. Trust president Q41a. Trust president 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? A. The prime minister 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41a. Trust the king Q41a. Trust the king Q41a. Trust the king Q41a. Trust the king Q41a. Trust the king 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? A1-SWZ. The King 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41b. Trust parliament/national assembly Q41b. Trust parliament/national assembly Q41b. Trust parliament/national assembly Q41b. Trust parliament/national assembly Q41b. Trust parliament/national assembly 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? B. Parliament 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41c. Trust national electoral commission Q41c. Trust national electoral commission Q41c. Trust national electoral commission Q41c. Trust national electoral commission Q41c. Trust national electoral commission 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? C. The Elections and Boundaries Commission 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41d. Trust your elected local government council Q41d. Trust your elected local government council Q41d. Trust your elected local government council Q41d. Trust your elected local government council Q41d. Trust your elected local government council 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? D. Your local government council 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 99 Not asked in the country Q41e. Trust the ruling party Q41e. Trust the ruling party Q41e. Trust the ruling party Q41e. Trust the ruling party Q41e. Trust the ruling party 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? E. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 94 Not asked in the country Q41f. Trust opposition political parties Q41f. Trust opposition political parties Q41f. Trust opposition political parties Q41f. Trust opposition political parties Q41f. Trust opposition political parties 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? F. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 94 Not asked in the country Q41g. Trust police Q41g. Trust police Q41g. Trust police Q41g. Trust police Q41g. Trust police 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? G. The police 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41h. Trust army Q41h. Trust army Q41h. Trust army Q41h. Trust army Q41h. Trust army 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? H. The Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force or UEDF 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41i. Trust courts of law Q41i. Trust courts of law Q41i. Trust courts of law Q41i. Trust courts of law Q41i. Trust courts of law 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? I. Courts of law 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41j. Trust the tax/revenue office Q41j. Trust the tax/revenue office Q41j. Trust the tax/revenue office Q41j. Trust the tax/revenue office Q41j. Trust the tax/revenue office 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? J. The Eswatini Revenue Authority 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41k. Trust traditional leaders Q41k. Trust traditional leaders Q41k. Trust traditional leaders Q41k. Trust traditional leaders Q41k. Trust traditional leaders 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? K. Traditional leaders or Bucopho 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 99 Not asked in the country Q41l. Trust religious leaders Q41l. Trust religious leaders Q41l. Trust religious leaders Q41l. Trust religious leaders Q41l. Trust religious leaders 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? L. Religious leaders 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q41. Trust religious leaders NGOs Q41. Trust religious leaders NGOs Q41. Trust religious leaders NGOs Q41. Trust religious leaders NGOs Q41. Trust religious leaders NGOs 41. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? M-SWZ. Non Governmental Organizations or NGOs 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 Just a little 2 Somewhat 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say Q42a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q42a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q42a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q42a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q42a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? A. The prime minister and officials in his office 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q42b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q42b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q42b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q42b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Q42b. Corruption: Members of Parliament 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? B. Members of Parliament 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q42c. Corruption: Civil servants Q42c. Corruption: Civil servants Q42c. Corruption: Civil servants Q42c. Corruption: Civil servants Q42c. Corruption: Civil servants 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? C. Civil servants 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q42d. Corruption: local government councillors Q42d. Corruption: local government councillors Q42d. Corruption: local government councillors Q42d. Corruption: local government councillors Q42d. Corruption: local government councillors 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? D. Members of your local government council 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 99 Not asked in the country Q42e. Corruption: Police Q42e. Corruption: Police Q42e. Corruption: Police Q42e. Corruption: Police Q42e. Corruption: Police 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? E. Police 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q42f. Corruption: Judges and Magistrates Q42f. Corruption: Judges and Magistrates Q42f. Corruption: Judges and Magistrates Q42f. Corruption: Judges and Magistrates Q42f. Corruption: Judges and Magistrates 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? F. Judges and magistrates 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q42g. Corruption: Tax officials Q42g. Corruption: Tax officials Q42g. Corruption: Tax officials Q42g. Corruption: Tax officials Q42g. Corruption: Tax officials 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? G. Tax officials, like officials from the Eswatini Revenue Authority 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q42h. Corruption:Traditional leaders Q42h. Corruption:Traditional leaders Q42h. Corruption:Traditional leaders Q42h. Corruption:Traditional leaders Q42h. Corruption:Traditional leaders 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? H. Traditional leaders or Bucopho 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 99 Not asked in the country Q42i. Corruption: Religious leaders Q42i. Corruption: Religious leaders Q42i. Corruption: Religious leaders Q42i. Corruption: Religious leaders Q42i. Corruption: Religious leaders 42. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? I. Religious leaders 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q43a. Level of corruption Q43a. Level of corruption Q43a. Level of corruption Q43a. Level of corruption Q43a. Level of corruption 43A. In your opinion, over the past year, has the level of corruption in this country increased, decreased, or stayed the same? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Increased a lot 2 Increased somewhat 3 Stayed the same 4 Decreased somewhat 5 Decreased a lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q43b. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear Q43b. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear Q43b. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear Q43b. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear Q43b. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear 43B. In this country, can ordinary people report incidents of corruption without fear, or do they risk retaliation or other negative consequences if they speak out? 1200 9 -1 Missing Can report without fear 1 Risk retaliation or other negative consequences 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q44a. Contact with public school Q44a. Contact with public school Q44a. Contact with public school Q44a. Contact with public school Q44a. Contact with public school 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. A. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public school? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q44b. Difficulty to obtain public school services Q44b. Difficulty to obtain public school services Q44b. Difficulty to obtain public school services Q44b. Difficulty to obtain public school services Q44b. Difficulty to obtain public school services 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. B. [If respondent answered 1=Yes to part A, ask parts B and C. If respondent answered 0=No, 8=Refused or 9=Don’t know to part A, select 7=NA for parts B and C and continue to part D (tablet will do an automatic skip).] How easy or difficult was it to obtain the services you needed from teachers or school officials? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very easy 2 Easy 3 Difficult 4 Very Difficult 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44c. Pay bribe for public school services Q44c. Pay bribe for public school services Q44c. Pay bribe for public school services Q44c. Pay bribe for public school services Q44c. Pay bribe for public school services 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. C. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a teacher or school official in order to get the services you needed from the schools? 1200 7 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44d. Contact with public clinic or hospital Q44d. Contact with public clinic or hospital Q44d. Contact with public clinic or hospital Q44d. Contact with public clinic or hospital Q44d. Contact with public clinic or hospital 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. D. In the past 12 months, have you had contact with a public clinic or hospital? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q44e. Difficulty to obtain medical care Q44e. Difficulty to obtain medical care Q44e. Difficulty to obtain medical care Q44e. Difficulty to obtain medical care Q44e. Difficulty to obtain medical care 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. E. [If respondent answered 1=Yes to part D, ask parts E and F. If respondent answered 0=No, 8=Refused or 9=Don’t know to part D, select 7=NA for parts E and F and continue to part G (tablet will do an automatic skip).] How easy or difficult was it to obtain the medical care you needed? 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 1 Very easy 2 Easy 3 Difficult 4 Very Difficult 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44f. Pay bribe for medical care Q44f. Pay bribe for medical care Q44f. Pay bribe for medical care Q44f. Pay bribe for medical care Q44f. Pay bribe for medical care 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. F. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a health worker or clinic or hospital staff in order to get the medical care you needed? 1200 7 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44g. Tried to obtain identity document Q44g. Tried to obtain identity document Q44g. Tried to obtain identity document Q44g. Tried to obtain identity document Q44g. Tried to obtain identity document 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. G. In the past 12 months, have you tried to get an identity document like a birth certificate, driver’s license, passport or voter’s card, or permit from government? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q44h. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q44h. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q44h. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q44h. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q44h. Difficulty to obtain identity document 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. H. If respondent answered 1=Yes to part G, ask parts H and I. If respondent answered 0=No, 8=Refused or 9=Don’t know to part G, select 7=NA for parts H and I and continue to part J (tablet will do an automatic skip).] How easy or difficult was it to obtain the document you needed? 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 1 Very easy 2 Easy 3 Difficult 4 Very Difficult 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44i. Pay bribe for identity document Q44i. Pay bribe for identity document Q44i. Pay bribe for identity document Q44i. Pay bribe for identity document Q44i. Pay bribe for identity document 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. I. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a government official in order to get the document you needed? 1200 7 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44j. Requested assistance from the police Q44j. Requested assistance from the police Q44j. Requested assistance from the police Q44j. Requested assistance from the police Q44j. Requested assistance from the police 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. J. In the past 12 months, have you requested assistance from the police? 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q44k. Difficulty to obtain police assistance Q44k. Difficulty to obtain police assistance Q44k. Difficulty to obtain police assistance Q44k. Difficulty to obtain police assistance Q44k. Difficulty to obtain police assistance 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. K. If respondent answered 1=Yes to part J, ask parts K and L. If respondent answered 0=No, 8=Refused or 9=Don’t know to part J, select 7=NA for parts K and L and continue to part M (tablet will do an automatic skip).]How easy or difficult was it to obtain the assistance you needed? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very easy 2 Easy 3 Difficult 4 Very Difficult 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44l. Pay bribe to receive police assistance Q44l. Pay bribe to receive police assistance Q44l. Pay bribe to receive police assistance Q44l. Pay bribe to receive police assistance Q44l. Pay bribe to receive police assistance 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. L. And how often, if ever, did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to get the assistance you needed? 1200 7 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44m. Contact with police in other situations Q44m. Contact with police in other situations Q44m. Contact with police in other situations Q44m. Contact with police in other situations Q44m. Contact with police in other situations 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. M. In the past 12 months, how often have you encountered the police in other situations, like at checkpoints, during identity checks or traffic stops, or during an investigation? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q44n. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q44n. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q44n. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q44n. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q44n. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police 44. Now I would like to talk to you about experiences that some people have in accessing certain essential government services. N. If respondent answered 0=Never, 8=Refused or 9=Don’t know to part M, select 7=NA for part N and continue to Q45 (tablet will do an automatic skip). Otherwise ask:]How often, if ever did you have to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour for a police officer in order to avoid a problem during one of these encounters? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q45. Higher taxes w/more services vs. lower taxes w/fewer services Q45. Higher taxes w/more services vs. lower taxes w/fewer services Q45. Higher taxes w/more services vs. lower taxes w/fewer services Q45. Higher taxes w/more services vs. lower taxes w/fewer services Q45. Higher taxes w/more services vs. lower taxes w/fewer services Now let us talk about the tax system in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. 45. Statement 1: It is better to pay higher taxes if it means that there will be more services provided by government. Statement 2: It is better to pay lower taxes, even if it means there will be fewer services provided by government. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q46a. Difficulty finding out what taxes or fees to pay Q46a. Difficulty finding out what taxes or fees to pay Q46a. Difficulty finding out what taxes or fees to pay Q46a. Difficulty finding out what taxes or fees to pay Q46a. Difficulty finding out what taxes or fees to pay 46. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following? A. To find out what taxes and fees you are supposed to pay to the government? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very easy 2 Easy 3 Difficult 4 Very difficult 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q46b. Difficulty finding out how government uses tax revenues Q46b. Difficulty finding out how government uses tax revenues Q46b. Difficulty finding out how government uses tax revenues Q46b. Difficulty finding out how government uses tax revenues Q46b. Difficulty finding out how government uses tax revenues 46. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following? B. To find out how government uses the revenues from people’s taxes and fees? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very easy 2 Easy 3 Difficult 4 Very difficult 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q46c. Taxes for ordinary people: too little, too much, or right amount Q46c. Taxes for ordinary people: too little, too much, or right amount Q46c. Taxes for ordinary people: too little, too much, or right amount Q46c. Taxes for ordinary people: too little, too much, or right amount Q46c. Taxes for ordinary people: too little, too much, or right amount 46C. Do you think that the amount of taxes that ordinary people in Eswatini are required to pay to the government is too little, too much, or about the right amount? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Far too little 2 Somewhat too little 3 About the right amount 4 Somewhat too much 5 Far too much 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q46d. Taxes for the rich: too little, too much, or right amount Q46d. Taxes for the rich: too little, too much, or right amount Q46d. Taxes for the rich: too little, too much, or right amount Q46d. Taxes for the rich: too little, too much, or right amount Q46d. Taxes for the rich: too little, too much, or right amount 46D. Do you think that the amount of taxes that rich people in Eswatini are required to pay to the government is too little, too much, or about the right amount? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Far too little 2 Somewhat too little 3 About the right amount 4 Somewhat too much 5 Far too much 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q47a. Government should ensure informal sector pays taxes Q47a. Government should ensure informal sector pays taxes Q47a. Government should ensure informal sector pays taxes Q47a. Government should ensure informal sector pays taxes Q47a. Government should ensure informal sector pays taxes 47. Do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? A. Government should make sure small traders and other people working in the informal sector pay taxes on their businesses. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q47b. Fair for rich to pay higher taxes Q47b. Fair for rich to pay higher taxes Q47b. Fair for rich to pay higher taxes Q47b. Fair for rich to pay higher taxes Q47b. Fair for rich to pay higher taxes 47. Do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? B. It is fair to tax rich people at a higher rate than ordinary people in order to help pay for government programs to benefit the poor. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q47c. Taxes used by government for the well-being of citizens Q47c. Taxes used by government for the well-being of citizens Q47c. Taxes used by government for the well-being of citizens Q47c. Taxes used by government for the well-being of citizens Q47c. Taxes used by government for the well-being of citizens 47. Do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements? C. The government usually uses the tax revenues it collects for the well-being of citizens. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q47d. How often people avoid paying taxes Q47d. How often people avoid paying taxes Q47d. How often people avoid paying taxes Q47d. How often people avoid paying taxes Q47d. How often people avoid paying taxes 47D. In your opinion, how often, in this country, do people avoid paying the taxes that they owe the government? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q48pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q48pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q48pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q48pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q48pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 48. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response 1200 1 9999 -1 Missing Nothing/ no problems 1 Management of the economy 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 3 Unemployment 4 Poverty/destitution 5 Rates and Taxes 6 Loans / credit 7 Farming/agriculture 8 Food shortage/famine 9 Drought 10 Land 11 Transportation 12 Communications 13 Infrastructure / roads 14 Education 15 Housing 16 Electricity 17 Water supply 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 19 Services (other) 20 Health 21 AIDS 22 Sickness / Disease 23 Crime and Security 24 Corruption 25 Political violence 26 Political instability/political divisions/ ethnic tensions 27 Discrimination/ inequality 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 29 Democracy/political rights 30 War (international) 31 Civil war 32 Agricultural marketing 33 Climate change 1620 Grant for elderly 9995 Other responses 9998 Refused 9999 Don’t know Q48pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) Q48pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) Q48pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) Q48pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) Q48pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) 48. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response (other) 1200 Q48pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q48pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q48pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q48pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response Q48pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 48. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 1 Management of the economy 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 3 Unemployment 4 Poverty/destitution 5 Rates and Taxes 6 Loans / credit 7 Farming/agriculture 8 Food shortage/famine 9 Drought 10 Land 11 Transportation 12 Communications 13 Infrastructure / roads 14 Education 15 Housing 16 Electricity 17 Water supply 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 19 Services (other) 20 Health 21 AIDS 22 Sickness / Disease 23 Crime and Security 24 Corruption 25 Political violence 26 Political instability/political divisions/ ethnic tensions 27 Discrimination/ inequality 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 29 Democracy/political rights 30 War (international) 31 Civil war 32 Agricultural marketing 33 Climate change 1620 Grant for elderly 9995 Other responses 9996 No further reply 9998 Refused Q48pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) Q48pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) Q48pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) Q48pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) Q48pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) 48. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response (other) 1200 Q48pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q48pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q48pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q48pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response Q48pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 48. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 1 Management of the economy 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 3 Unemployment 4 Poverty/destitution 5 Rates and Taxes 6 Loans / credit 7 Farming/agriculture 8 Food shortage/famine 9 Drought 10 Land 11 Transportation 12 Communications 13 Infrastructure / roads 14 Education 15 Housing 16 Electricity 17 Water supply 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 19 Services (other) 20 Health 21 AIDS 22 Sickness / Disease 23 Crime and Security 24 Corruption 25 Political violence 26 Political instability/political divisions/ ethnic tensions 27 Discrimination/ inequality 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 29 Democracy/political rights 30 War (international) 31 Civil war 32 Agricultural marketing 33 Climate change 1620 Grant for elderly 9995 Other responses 9996 No further reply 9998 Refused Q48pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) Q48pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) Q48pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) Q48pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) Q48pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) 48. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response (other) 1200 Q49a. Support more taxes for youth programs Q49a. Support more taxes for youth programs Q49a. Support more taxes for youth programs Q49a. Support more taxes for youth programs Q49a. Support more taxes for youth programs 49A. If the government decided to make people pay more taxes in order to support programs to help young people, would you support this decision or oppose it? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly oppose 2 Somewhat oppose 3 Neither support nor oppose 4 Somewhat support 5 Strongly support 6 It depends 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q49b. Priorities for investment in youth programs Q49b. Priorities for investment in youth programs Q49b. Priorities for investment in youth programs Q49b. Priorities for investment in youth programs Q49b. Priorities for investment in youth programs 49B. If the government could increase its spending on programs to help young people, which of the following areas do you think should be the highest priority for additional investment? 1200 9 -1 Missing None of the above / Some other program 1 Job creation 2 Education 3 Jobs training 4 Business loans 5 Social services for youth 6 Government should not increase it’s spending 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q50a. Handling managing the economy Q50a. Handling managing the economy Q50a. Handling managing the economy Q50a. Handling managing the economy Q50a. Handling managing the economy Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? A. Managing the economy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50b. Handling improving living standards of the poor Q50b. Handling improving living standards of the poor Q50b. Handling improving living standards of the poor Q50b. Handling improving living standards of the poor Q50b. Handling improving living standards of the poor Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? B. Improving the living standards of the poor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50c. Handling creating jobs Q50c. Handling creating jobs Q50c. Handling creating jobs Q50c. Handling creating jobs Q50c. Handling creating jobs Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? C. Creating jobs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50d. Handling keeping prices stable Q50d. Handling keeping prices stable Q50d. Handling keeping prices stable Q50d. Handling keeping prices stable Q50d. Handling keeping prices stable Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? D. Keeping prices stable 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50e. Handling narrowing income gaps Q50e. Handling narrowing income gaps Q50e. Handling narrowing income gaps Q50e. Handling narrowing income gaps Q50e. Handling narrowing income gaps Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? E. Narrowing gaps between rich and poor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50f. Handling reducing crime Q50f. Handling reducing crime Q50f. Handling reducing crime Q50f. Handling reducing crime Q50f. Handling reducing crime Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? F. Reducing crime 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50g. Handling improving basic health services Q50g. Handling improving basic health services Q50g. Handling improving basic health services Q50g. Handling improving basic health services Q50g. Handling improving basic health services Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? G. Improving basic health services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50h. Handling addressing educational needs Q50h. Handling addressing educational needs Q50h. Handling addressing educational needs Q50h. Handling addressing educational needs Q50h. Handling addressing educational needs Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? H. Addressing educational needs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50i. Handling providing water and sanitation services Q50i. Handling providing water and sanitation services Q50i. Handling providing water and sanitation services Q50i. Handling providing water and sanitation services Q50i. Handling providing water and sanitation services Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? I. Providing water and sanitation services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50j. Handling fighting corruption Q50j. Handling fighting corruption Q50j. Handling fighting corruption Q50j. Handling fighting corruption Q50j. Handling fighting corruption Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? J. Fighting corruption in government 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50k. Handling maintaining roads and bridges Q50k. Handling maintaining roads and bridges Q50k. Handling maintaining roads and bridges Q50k. Handling maintaining roads and bridges Q50k. Handling maintaining roads and bridges Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? K. Maintaining roads and bridges 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50l. Handling providing a reliable supply of electricity Q50l. Handling providing a reliable supply of electricity Q50l. Handling providing a reliable supply of electricity Q50l. Handling providing a reliable supply of electricity Q50l. Handling providing a reliable supply of electricity Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? L. Providing a reliable supply of electricity 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50m. Handling preventing or resolving violent conflict Q50m. Handling preventing or resolving violent conflict Q50m. Handling preventing or resolving violent conflict Q50m. Handling preventing or resolving violent conflict Q50m. Handling preventing or resolving violent conflict Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? M. Preventing or resolving violent conflict 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50n. Handling addressing the needs of young people Q50n. Handling addressing the needs of young people Q50n. Handling addressing the needs of young people Q50n. Handling addressing the needs of young people Q50n. Handling addressing the needs of young people Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? N. Addressing the needs of young people 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q50o. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled Q50o. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled Q50o. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled Q50o. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled Q50o. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled Now let’s speak about the performance of the present government of this country. 50. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say? O. Protecting rights and promoting opportunities for disabled people 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 8 Refused 9 Don't Know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q51a. Performance: President Q51a. Performance: President Q51a. Performance: President Q51a. Performance: President Q51a. Performance: President 51. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past 12 months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? A. Prime Minister Mandvulo Dlamini 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say Q51b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep Q51b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep Q51b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep Q51b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep Q51b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep 51. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past 12 months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? B. Your member of Parliament 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say Q51c. Performance: local government councillor Q51c. Performance: local government councillor Q51c. Performance: local government councillor Q51c. Performance: local government councillor Q51c. Performance: local government councillor 51. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past 12 months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? C. Your elected local government councillor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 8 Refused 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 99 Not asked in the country Q51d. Performance: traditional leader Q51d. Performance: traditional leader Q51d. Performance: traditional leader Q51d. Performance: traditional leader Q51d. Performance: traditional leader 51. Do you approve or disapprove of the way that the following people have performed their jobs over the past 12 months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? D. Your traditional leader or Bucopho 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 99 Not asked in the country Q52a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 52. Who should be responsible for:[NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI] 1200 94 94 -1 Missing The President / Executive 1 The Parliament / local government council 2 Their Political Party 3 The Voters 4 No One 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in country Q52b. Who responsible: president does job Q52b. Who responsible: president does job Q52b. Who responsible: president does job Q52b. Who responsible: president does job Q52b. Who responsible: president does job 52. Who should be responsible for:[NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI] 1200 94 94 -1 Missing The President / Executive 1 The Parliament / local government council 2 Their Political Party 3 The Voters 4 No One 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in country Q52a-swz. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a-swz. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a-swz. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a-swz. Who responsible: MPs do jobs Q52a-swz. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 52-SWZ. Who should be responsible for: A. Making sure that, once elected, members of Parliament do their jobs? 1200 9 -1 Missing The King 1 The Prime Minister / Executive 2 The Parliament / local government council 3 Inkhundla Council 4 The Voters 5 No One 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q52b-swz. Who responsible: prime minister does job Q52b-swz. Who responsible: prime minister does job Q52b-swz. Who responsible: prime minister does job Q52b-swz. Who responsible: prime minister does job Q52b-swz. Who responsible: prime minister does job 52-SWZ. Who should be responsible for: B. Making sure that, once appointed, the prime minster does his job? 1200 9 -1 Missing The King 1 The Prime Minister / Executive 2 The Parliament / local government council 3 Inkhundla Council 4 The Voters 5 No One 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q52c-swz. Who responsible: Local government council do jobs Q52c-swz. Who responsible: Local government council do jobs Q52c-swz. Who responsible: Local government council do jobs Q52c-swz. Who responsible: Local government council do jobs Q52c-swz. Who responsible: Local government council do jobs 52-SWZ. Who should be responsible for: C. Making sure that, once elected, members of the local government council do their jobs? 1200 9 -1 Missing The King 1 The Prime Minister / Executive 2 The Parliament / local government council 3 Inkhundla Council 4 The Voters 5 No One 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q52d-swz. Who responsible: local inkhundla councilors does job Q52d-swz. Who responsible: local inkhundla councilors does job Q52d-swz. Who responsible: local inkhundla councilors does job Q52d-swz. Who responsible: local inkhundla councilors does job Q52d-swz. Who responsible: local inkhundla councilors does job 52-SWZ. Who should be responsible for: D. Making sure that, once elected, local inkhundla councilors do their jobs? 1200 9 -1 Missing The King 1 The Prime Minister / Executive 2 The Parliament / local government council 3 Inkhundla Council 4 The Voters 5 No One 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q53a. Elections ensure MPs reflect views of voters Q53a. Elections ensure MPs reflect views of voters Q53a. Elections ensure MPs reflect views of voters Q53a. Elections ensure MPs reflect views of voters Q53a. Elections ensure MPs reflect views of voters 53. Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections: A. Ensure that representatives to Parliament reflect the views of voters? 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all well 1 Not very well 2 Well 3 Very well 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q53b. Elections ensure voters remove unrepresentitive leaders Q53b. Elections ensure voters remove unrepresentitive leaders Q53b. Elections ensure voters remove unrepresentitive leaders Q53b. Elections ensure voters remove unrepresentitive leaders Q53b. Elections ensure voters remove unrepresentitive leaders 53. Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections: B. Enable voters to remove from office leaders who do not do what the people want? 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all well 1 Not very well 2 Well 3 Very well 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q53c. Negative consequences if communities don't vote for ruling party Q53c. Negative consequences if communities don't vote for ruling party Q53c. Negative consequences if communities don't vote for ruling party Q53c. Negative consequences if communities don't vote for ruling party Q53c. Negative consequences if communities don't vote for ruling party 53C. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in the country Q54a. Feared violence in neighbourhood Q54a. Feared violence in neighbourhood Q54a. Feared violence in neighbourhood Q54a. Feared violence in neighbourhood Q54a. Feared violence in neighbourhood 54. In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence. [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? A. Violence among people in your neighbourhood or village? 1200 9 -1 Missing No, Never 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 2 Yes, feared and experienced 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q54b. Feared violence during public protest Q54b. Feared violence during public protest Q54b. Feared violence during public protest Q54b. Feared violence during public protest Q54b. Feared violence during public protest 54. In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence. [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? B. Violence at a political rally or public protest? 1200 9 -1 Missing No, Never 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 2 Yes, feared and experienced 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q54c. Feared violence by extremists Q54c. Feared violence by extremists Q54c. Feared violence by extremists Q54c. Feared violence by extremists Q54c. Feared violence by extremists 54. In any society, people will sometimes disagree with one another. These disagreements occasionally escalate into physical violence. Please tell me whether, in the past two years, you have ever personally feared any of the following types of violence. [If yes] Have you actually personally experienced this type of violence in the past two years? C. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 1 2 1 3 2 4 8 5 9 6 94 7 99 8 Q55a. Radio news Q55a. Radio news Q55a. Radio news Q55a. Radio news Q55a. Radio news Now let us talk about the media and how you get information about politics and other issues. 55. How often do you get news from the following sources? A. Radio 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q55b. Television news Q55b. Television news Q55b. Television news Q55b. Television news Q55b. Television news Now let us talk about the media and how you get information about politics and other issues. 55. How often do you get news from the following sources? B. Television 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q55c. Newspaper news Q55c. Newspaper news Q55c. Newspaper news Q55c. Newspaper news Q55c. Newspaper news Now let us talk about the media and how you get information about politics and other issues. 55. How often do you get news from the following sources? C. Print newspapers 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q55d. Internet news Q55d. Internet news Q55d. Internet news Q55d. Internet news Q55d. Internet news Now let us talk about the media and how you get information about politics and other issues. 55. How often do you get news from the following sources? D. Internet 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q55e. Social media news Q55e. Social media news Q55e. Social media news Q55e. Social media news Q55e. Social media news Now let us talk about the media and how you get information about politics and other issues. 55. How often do you get news from the following sources? E. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp or others 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q56. How free is news media Q56. How free is news media Q56. How free is news media Q56. How free is news media Q56. How free is news media 56. In your opinion, how free is the news media in this country to report and comment on the news without censorship or interference by the government? 1200 9 -1 Missing Not at all free 1 Not very free 2 Somewhat free 3 Completely free 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q57a. Spread false information: government officials Q57a. Spread false information: government officials Q57a. Spread false information: government officials Q57a. Spread false information: government officials Q57a. Spread false information: government officials 57. Please tell me how often, in this country, you think people from each of the following groups spread information that they know is false? A. Government officials 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q57b. Spread false information: politicians and political parties Q57b. Spread false information: politicians and political parties Q57b. Spread false information: politicians and political parties Q57b. Spread false information: politicians and political parties Q57b. Spread false information: politicians and political parties 57. Please tell me how often, in this country, you think people from each of the following groups spread information that they know is false? B. Politicians 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q57c. Spread false information: news media and journalists Q57c. Spread false information: news media and journalists Q57c. Spread false information: news media and journalists Q57c. Spread false information: news media and journalists Q57c. Spread false information: news media and journalists 57. Please tell me how often, in this country, you think people from each of the following groups spread information that they know is false? C. News media and journalists 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q57d. Spread false information: social media users Q57d. Spread false information: social media users Q57d. Spread false information: social media users Q57d. Spread false information: social media users Q57d. Spread false information: social media users 57. Please tell me how often, in this country, you think people from each of the following groups spread information that they know is false? D. Social media users 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q57e. Spread false information: activists and interest groups Q57e. Spread false information: activists and interest groups Q57e. Spread false information: activists and interest groups Q57e. Spread false information: activists and interest groups Q57e. Spread false information: activists and interest groups 57. Please tell me how often, in this country, you think people from each of the following groups spread information that they know is false? E. Activists and interest groups 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q57f-swz. Spread false information: Traditional leaders Q57f-swz. Spread false information: Traditional leaders Q57f-swz. Spread false information: Traditional leaders Q57f-swz. Spread false information: Traditional leaders Q57f-swz. Spread false information: Traditional leaders 57. Please tell me how often, in this country, you think people from each of the following groups spread information that they know is false? F-SWZ. Traditional leaders, you know, Bucopho 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 8 Refused 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard Q58a. Govt can prohibit sharing: news or information that is false Q58a. Govt can prohibit sharing: news or information that is false Q58a. Govt can prohibit sharing: news or information that is false Q58a. Govt can prohibit sharing: news or information that is false Q58a. Govt can prohibit sharing: news or information that is false Let’s talk about whether the government should be able to limit the sharing of news, information, or opinions on radio and TV, in newspapers, or on the internet and social media. 58. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree that the government should be able to limit or prohibit sharing of: A. News or information that is false 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q58b. Govt can prohibit sharing: news, information, or opinions that the government disapproves of Q58b. Govt can prohibit sharing: news, information, or opinions that the government disapproves of Q58b. Govt can prohibit sharing: news, information, or opinions that the government disapproves of Q58b. Govt can prohibit sharing: news, information, or opinions that the government disapproves of Q58b. Govt can prohibit sharing: news, information, or opinions that the government disapproves of Let’s talk about whether the government should be able to limit the sharing of news, information, or opinions on radio and TV, in newspapers, or on the internet and social media. 58. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree that the government should be able to limit or prohibit sharing of: B. News, information, or opinions that the government disapproves of 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q58c. Govt can prohibit sharing: criticism of president Q58c. Govt can prohibit sharing: criticism of president Q58c. Govt can prohibit sharing: criticism of president Q58c. Govt can prohibit sharing: criticism of president Q58c. Govt can prohibit sharing: criticism of president Let’s talk about whether the government should be able to limit the sharing of news, information, or opinions on radio and TV, in newspapers, or on the internet and social media. 58. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree that the government should be able to limit or prohibit sharing of: C. News, information, or opinions that criticize or insult the prime minister 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q58d. Govt can prohibit sharing: hate speech Q58d. Govt can prohibit sharing: hate speech Q58d. Govt can prohibit sharing: hate speech Q58d. Govt can prohibit sharing: hate speech Q58d. Govt can prohibit sharing: hate speech Let’s talk about whether the government should be able to limit the sharing of news, information, or opinions on radio and TV, in newspapers, or on the internet and social media. 58. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree that the government should be able to limit or prohibit sharing of: D. Hate speech, that is, news, information, or opinions designed to attack or vilify certain groups in society 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q59a. Heard about social media Q59a. Heard about social media Q59a. Heard about social media Q59a. Heard about social media Q59a. Heard about social media 59A. Have you heard about social media, for example, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q59b. Social media: makes people more informed Q59b. Social media: makes people more informed Q59b. Social media: makes people more informed Q59b. Social media: makes people more informed Q59b. Social media: makes people more informed 59A. Have you heard about social media, for example, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp? [If yes] Regardless of whether you personally use social media yourself, please tell me whether you agree or disagree that social media: B. Makes people more informed about current events? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q59c. Social media:makes people more likely to believe false news Q59c. Social media:makes people more likely to believe false news Q59c. Social media:makes people more likely to believe false news Q59c. Social media:makes people more likely to believe false news Q59c. Social media:makes people more likely to believe false news 59A. Have you heard about social media, for example, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp? [If yes] Regardless of whether you personally use social media yourself, please tell me whether you agree or disagree that social media: C. Makes people more likely to believe false news? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q59d. Social media:helps people have more impact on politics Q59d. Social media:helps people have more impact on politics Q59d. Social media:helps people have more impact on politics Q59d. Social media:helps people have more impact on politics Q59d. Social media:helps people have more impact on politics 59A. Have you heard about social media, for example, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp? [If yes] Regardless of whether you personally use social media yourself, please tell me whether you agree or disagree that social media: D. Helps people have more impact on political processes? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q59e. Social media: makes people more intolerant Q59e. Social media: makes people more intolerant Q59e. Social media: makes people more intolerant Q59e. Social media: makes people more intolerant Q59e. Social media: makes people more intolerant 59A. Have you heard about social media, for example, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp? [If yes] Regardless of whether you personally use social media yourself, please tell me whether you agree or disagree that social media: E. Makes people more intolerant of those who have different political opinions? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q59f. Effects of social media on society Q59f. Effects of social media on society Q59f. Effects of social media on society Q59f. Effects of social media on society Q59f. Effects of social media on society 59F. [If yes on Q59A] Overall, do you think that the effects of social media on society are mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q60. Unrestricted access to the Internet vs regulated access Q60. Unrestricted access to the Internet vs regulated access Q60. Unrestricted access to the Internet vs regulated access Q60. Unrestricted access to the Internet vs regulated access Q60. Unrestricted access to the Internet vs regulated access Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: Unrestricted access to the Internet and social media helps people to be more informed and active citizens, and should be protected. Statement 2: Information shared on the Internet and social media is dividing Eswatini, so access should be regulated by government. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q61. Allow free movement in region vs limit cross-border movement Q61. Allow free movement in region vs limit cross-border movement Q61. Allow free movement in region vs limit cross-border movement Q61. Allow free movement in region vs limit cross-border movement Q61. Allow free movement in region vs limit cross-border movement Now let’s talk about how our country should relate to other countries in Southern Africa and in the world. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: People living in Southern Africa should be able to move freely across international borders in order to trade or work in other countries. Statement 2: In order to protect their own citizens, governments should limit the cross-border movement of people and goods. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q62. Difficulty to move across borders Q62. Difficulty to move across borders Q62. Difficulty to move across borders Q62. Difficulty to move across borders Q62. Difficulty to move across borders 62. In your opinion, how easy or difficult is it for people in Southern Africa to cross international borders in order to work or trade in other countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very easy 7 Never try 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q63. Finance development from own resources vs use external loans Q63. Finance development from own resources vs use external loans Q63. Finance development from own resources vs use external loans Q63. Finance development from own resources vs use external loans Q63. Finance development from own resources vs use external loans Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: It is important that as an independent nation, we finance development from our own resources, even if it means paying more taxes. Statement 2: We should use external loans for the development of the country, even if it increases our indebtedness to foreign countries and institutions. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q64a. Strict spending requirements on external loans vs govt decides Q64a. Strict spending requirements on external loans vs govt decides Q64a. Strict spending requirements on external loans vs govt decides Q64a. Strict spending requirements on external loans vs govt decides Q64a. Strict spending requirements on external loans vs govt decides Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: When other countries give loans or development assistance to Eswatini, they should enforce strict requirements on how the funds are spent. Statement 2: When other countries give Eswatini loans or development assistance, they should allow our government to make its own decisions about how to use the resources. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q64b. Strict democracy conditions on external loans vs govt decides Q64b. Strict democracy conditions on external loans vs govt decides Q64b. Strict democracy conditions on external loans vs govt decides Q64b. Strict democracy conditions on external loans vs govt decides Q64b. Strict democracy conditions on external loans vs govt decides Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: When other countries give loans or development assistance to Eswatini, they should enforce strict requirements to make sure our government promotes democracy and respects human rights. Statement 2: Even if other countries give Eswatini loans or development assistance, our government should make its own decisions about democracy and human rights. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q65a. Know if country receives assistance from China Q65a. Know if country receives assistance from China Q65a. Know if country receives assistance from China Q65a. Know if country receives assistance from China Q65a. Know if country receives assistance from China Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] - NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know 94 Not asked in the country Q65b. Government required to repay China for loans Q65b. Government required to repay China for loans Q65b. Government required to repay China for loans Q65b. Government required to repay China for loans Q65b. Government required to repay China for loans Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] - NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know 94 Not asked in the country Q65c. Government borrowed too much money from China Q65c. Government borrowed too much money from China Q65c. Government borrowed too much money from China Q65c. Government borrowed too much money from China Q65c. Government borrowed too much money from China Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] - NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know 94 Not asked in the country Q65d.China puts more or less conditions on assistance Q65d.China puts more or less conditions on assistance Q65d.China puts more or less conditions on assistance Q65d.China puts more or less conditions on assistance Q65d.China puts more or less conditions on assistance Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] - NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing Far fewer requirements 1 Somewhat fewer requirements 2 About the same number of requirements 3 Somewhat more requirements 4 Many more requirements 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 94 Not asked in the country Q66. Open trade for development vs protect local producers Q66. Open trade for development vs protect local producers Q66. Open trade for development vs protect local producers Q66. Open trade for development vs protect local producers Q66. Open trade for development vs protect local producers Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: In order to develop, our country must rely on trade with the rest of the world, including by opening our borders to foreign imports. Statement 2: In order to develop, our country must rely on local production and protect local producers from foreign competition. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q67. Only nationals trade vs allow foreigners to trade Q67. Only nationals trade vs allow foreigners to trade Q67. Only nationals trade vs allow foreigners to trade Q67. Only nationals trade vs allow foreigners to trade Q67. Only nationals trade vs allow foreigners to trade Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: The government should only allow citizens and companies of our own country to trade in consumer goods, even if this means we will have fewer goods or higher prices. Statement 2: The government should continue to permit foreigners and foreign corporations to set up retail shops in this country to ensure we have a wide choice of low-cost consumer goods. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q68. Diverse communities stronger vs similar communities stronger Q68. Diverse communities stronger vs similar communities stronger Q68. Diverse communities stronger vs similar communities stronger Q68. Diverse communities stronger vs similar communities stronger Q68. Diverse communities stronger vs similar communities stronger Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: Communities are stronger when they are made up of people from different ethnic groups, races, or religions. Statement 2: Communities are stronger when they are made up of people who are similar to each other, that is, people from the same ethnic group, race, or religion. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q69a. Best country model for development Q69a. Best country model for development Q69a. Best country model for development Q69a. Best country model for development Q69a. Best country model for development 69A. In your opinion, which of the following countries, if any, would be the best model for the future development of our country, or is there some other country in Africa or elsewhere, that should be our model? 1200 9999 -1 Missing None of these / There is no role model 1 United States 2 China 3 Former colonial power (Britain) 4 Rwanda 5 South Africa 6 Ethiopia 7 We should follow our own country’s model 1620 Mozambique 1621 Lesotho 9995 Other country 9998 Refused 9999 Don’t know Q69aother. Best country model for development (verbatim) Q69aother. Best country model for development (verbatim) Q69aother. Best country model for development (verbatim) Q69aother. Best country model for development (verbatim) Q69aother. Best country model for development (verbatim) 69A. In your opinion, which of the following countries, if any, would be the best model for the future development of our country, or is there some other country in Africa or elsewhere, that should be our model? Other 1200 Q69b. China's influence on economy Q69b. China's influence on economy Q69b. China's influence on economy Q69b. China's influence on economy Q69b. China's influence on economy 69B. How much influence do you think China’s economic activities in Eswatini have on our economy, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 A little 2 Some 3 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q70a. Influence of organization: African Union Q70a. Influence of organization: African Union Q70a. Influence of organization: African Union Q70a. Influence of organization: African Union Q70a. Influence of organization: African Union 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? A. African Union 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q70b. Influence of organization: Regional Organisation (SADC) Q70b. Influence of organization: Regional Organisation (SADC) Q70b. Influence of organization: Regional Organisation (SADC) Q70b. Influence of organization: Regional Organisation (SADC) Q70b. Influence of organization: Regional Organisation (SADC) 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? B. SADC 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q70c. Influence of organization: United Nations agencies Q70c. Influence of organization: United Nations agencies Q70c. Influence of organization: United Nations agencies Q70c. Influence of organization: United Nations agencies Q70c. Influence of organization: United Nations agencies 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? C. United Nations agencies 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q70d. Influence of country: Former colonial power (Britain) Q70d. Influence of country: Former colonial power (Britain) Q70d. Influence of country: Former colonial power (Britain) Q70d. Influence of country: Former colonial power (Britain) Q70d. Influence of country: Former colonial power (Britain) 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? And what about the following countries? Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? D. Britain 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q70e. Influence of country: China Q70e. Influence of country: China Q70e. Influence of country: China Q70e. Influence of country: China Q70e. Influence of country: China 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? And what about the following countries? Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? E. China 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q70f. Influence of country: United States Q70f. Influence of country: United States Q70f. Influence of country: United States Q70f. Influence of country: United States Q70f. Influence of country: United States 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? And what about the following countries? Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? F. United States 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q70g. Influence of country: regional superpower (South Africa) Q70g. Influence of country: regional superpower (South Africa) Q70g. Influence of country: regional superpower (South Africa) Q70g. Influence of country: regional superpower (South Africa) Q70g. Influence of country: regional superpower (South Africa) 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? And what about the following countries? Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? G. South Africa 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q70h. Influence of country: Russia Q70h. Influence of country: Russia Q70h. Influence of country: Russia Q70h. Influence of country: Russia Q70h. Influence of country: Russia 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? And what about the following countries? Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? H. Russia 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don't know 99 Not asked in the country Q70i-swz. Influence of country: Taiwan Q70i-swz. Influence of country: Taiwan Q70i-swz. Influence of country: Taiwan Q70i-swz. Influence of country: Taiwan Q70i-swz. Influence of country: Taiwan 70. In general, do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following organizations on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? And what about the following countries? Do you think that the economic and political influence of each of the following countries on Eswatini is mostly positive, mostly negative, or haven’t you heard enough to say? I-SWZ. Taiwan 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very negative 2 Somewhat negative 3 Neither positive nor negative 4 Somewhat positive 5 Very positive 8 Refused 9 Don't know 99 Not asked in the country Q71. Most important international language Q71. Most important international language Q71. Most important international language Q71. Most important international language Q71. Most important international language 71. In thinking about the future of the next generation in our country, which of these international languages, if any, do you think is most important for young people to learn? 1200 1620 -1 Missing None of these / No international language needed 1 English 2 French 3 Portuguese 4 Arabic 5 Chinese 6 Kiswahili 95 Other [Specify] 98 Refused 99 Don’t know 180 Mooré 340 Sesetho 500 Bambara 780 Luganda 1620 1750 Kikongo 1751 Kimbundo 1752 Umbundu Q71other. Most important international language (verbatim) Q71other. Most important international language (verbatim) Q71other. Most important international language (verbatim) Q71other. Most important international language (verbatim) Q71other. Most important international language (verbatim) 71. In thinking about the future of the next generation in our country, which of these international languages, if any, do you think is most important for young people to learn? Other 1200 Q72a. Heard about climate change Q72a. Heard about climate change Q72a. Heard about climate change Q72a. Heard about climate change Q72a. Heard about climate change 72A. Have you heard about climate change, or haven’t you had the chance to hear about this yet? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q72b. Climate change: affecting country Q72b. Climate change: affecting country Q72b. Climate change: affecting country Q72b. Climate change: affecting country Q72b. Climate change: affecting country 72B. [If 1=yes to Q72A] Do you think climate change is making life in Eswatini better or worse, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much better 2 Somewhat better 3 Neither/ no change / about the same 4 Somewhat worse 5 Much worse 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough to say Q73. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews Q73. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews Q73. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews Q73. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews Q73. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Some people say that, in order to enjoy security from violence in our society, we must limit the amount of freedom that citizens are allowed to enjoy. Others say that political liberty is too important to sacrifice and must always be maintained, even if it threatens the security of the country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: Even if faced with threats to public security, people should be free to move about the country at any time of day or night. Statement 2: When faced with threats to public security, the government should be able to impose curfews and set up special roadblocks to prevent people from moving around. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q74. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy Q74. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy Q74. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy Q74. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy Q74. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Some people say that, in order to enjoy security from violence in our society, we must limit the amount of freedom that citizens are allowed to enjoy. Others say that political liberty is too important to sacrifice and must always be maintained, even if it threatens the security of the country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: Government should be able to monitor private communications, for example on mobile phones, to make sure that people are not plotting violence. Statement 2: People should have the right to communicate in private without a government agency reading or listening to what they are saying. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q75. Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said Q75. Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said Q75. Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said Q75. Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said Q75. Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society you would like to have in this country. Some people say that, in order to enjoy security from violence in our society, we must limit the amount of freedom that citizens are allowed to enjoy. Others say that political liberty is too important to sacrifice and must always be maintained, even if it threatens the security of the country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: Freedom of religion and worship are absolute, meaning that government should never limit what is said in a place of worship. Statement 2: Government should have the power to regulate what is said in places of worship, especially if preachers or congregants threaten public security. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q76a-swz. Civil servant's demonstrations are justified Q76a-swz. Civil servant's demonstrations are justified Q76a-swz. Civil servant's demonstrations are justified Q76a-swz. Civil servant's demonstrations are justified Q76a-swz. Civil servant's demonstrations are justified 76A-SWZ. Recently civil servants in this country organized demonstrations to protest poor salaries and remuneration. In your opinion, would you say the civil servants demonstrations against poor salaries and remuneration are justified or not justified? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not justified at all 2 Not justified 3 Justified 4 Very Justified 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know Q76b-swz. Civil servants receive salary increment after allocating money for other projects Q76b-swz. Civil servants receive salary increment after allocating money for other projects Q76b-swz. Civil servants receive salary increment after allocating money for other projects Q76b-swz. Civil servants receive salary increment after allocating money for other projects Q76b-swz. Civil servants receive salary increment after allocating money for other projects 76-SWZ. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree or haven’t you heard enough to say? B. Civil servants should only receive a salary increment after government has allocated enough money for other important national development projects. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q76c-swz. The use of violence against protesters is never justified Q76c-swz. The use of violence against protesters is never justified Q76c-swz. The use of violence against protesters is never justified Q76c-swz. The use of violence against protesters is never justified Q76c-swz. The use of violence against protesters is never justified 76-SWZ. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree or haven’t you heard enough to say? C. The use of violence against protesters is never justified in Eswatini. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q77-swz. Main reason people do not report GBV Q77-swz. Main reason people do not report GBV Q77-swz. Main reason people do not report GBV Q77-swz. Main reason people do not report GBV Q77-swz. Main reason people do not report GBV 77-SWZ. Sometimes people do not report cases of gender based violence to the police in Eswatini. In your opinion, which of the following is the main reason why people do not report cases of gender based violence to the police? [Interviewer: Read out response options. If respondent offers more than one option, ask: Which of these is the main reason?] 1200 9 -1 Missing The police do not attend to reports of gender based violence 1 Victims are encouraged to resolve gender based violence issues at family level 2 Fear of being threatened and attacked by perpetrators 3 Fear of being stigmatized 4 To protect the perpetrator 6 None of the above 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know Q78a-swz. Domestic violence is a private matter Q78a-swz. Domestic violence is a private matter Q78a-swz. Domestic violence is a private matter Q78a-swz. Domestic violence is a private matter Q78a-swz. Domestic violence is a private matter 78A-SWZ. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Domestic violence is a private matter that has to be handled only in the family? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q78b-swz. Main cause of domestic violence Q78b-swz. Main cause of domestic violence Q78b-swz. Main cause of domestic violence Q78b-swz. Main cause of domestic violence Q78b-swz. Main cause of domestic violence 78B-SWZ. There are several factors that contribute to domestic violence. In your opinion, which of the following factors would you say is the main cause of domestic violence in Eswatini today? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Cultural and traditional values 2 Alcohol abuse 3 Infidelity or cheating on one’s spouse 4 Poverty 5 Unemployment 7 None of the above 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know Q78c-swz. Domestic violence increased under lockdown or curfew Q78c-swz. Domestic violence increased under lockdown or curfew Q78c-swz. Domestic violence increased under lockdown or curfew Q78c-swz. Domestic violence increased under lockdown or curfew Q78c-swz. Domestic violence increased under lockdown or curfew 78C-SWZ. In your opinion, did cases of domestic violence increase, decrease or stay the same during the period when our country was under lockdown or curfew due to Covid-19? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Increased a lot 2 Increased somewhat 3 Stayed the same 4 Decreased somewhat 5 Decreased a lot 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know Q79a-swz. Heard about SODV Act Q79a-swz. Heard about SODV Act Q79a-swz. Heard about SODV Act Q79a-swz. Heard about SODV Act Q79a-swz. Heard about SODV Act 79A-SWZ Have you heard about the Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act or SODV Act? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q79b-swz. SODV Act adequately protects all genders from violence Q79b-swz. SODV Act adequately protects all genders from violence Q79b-swz. SODV Act adequately protects all genders from violence Q79b-swz. SODV Act adequately protects all genders from violence Q79b-swz. SODV Act adequately protects all genders from violence 79-SWZ. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements about Eswatini’s Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act: B. The Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence or SODV Act adequately protects all genders from violence and abuse 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q79c-swz. SODV Act does not fully consider cultural practices Q79c-swz. SODV Act does not fully consider cultural practices Q79c-swz. SODV Act does not fully consider cultural practices Q79c-swz. SODV Act does not fully consider cultural practices Q79c-swz. SODV Act does not fully consider cultural practices 79-SWZ. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statements about Eswatini’s Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act: C. The Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence or SODV Act does not fully consider our cultural practices and customs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree or Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough to say Q80a-swz. Taiwan give loans to country’s government Q80a-swz. Taiwan give loans to country’s government Q80a-swz. Taiwan give loans to country’s government Q80a-swz. Taiwan give loans to country’s government Q80a-swz. Taiwan give loans to country’s government 80A-SWZ. To your knowledge, does Taiwan give loans or development assistance to our country’s government, or haven’t you had a chance to hear about this? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q80b-swz. Government required to repay Taiwan loans Q80b-swz. Government required to repay Taiwan loans Q80b-swz. Government required to repay Taiwan loans Q80b-swz. Government required to repay Taiwan loans Q80b-swz. Government required to repay Taiwan loans 80B-SWZ. [If yes on Q80A] Do you think that our government is required to repay Taiwan for the loans and development assistance it provides to Eswatini, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q80c-swz. Government borrowed too much money from Taiwan Q80c-swz. Government borrowed too much money from Taiwan Q80c-swz. Government borrowed too much money from Taiwan Q80c-swz. Government borrowed too much money from Taiwan Q80c-swz. Government borrowed too much money from Taiwan 80C-SWZ. [If yes on Q80A] Do you think our government has borrowed too much money from Taiwan, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q80d-swz. Taiwan has more requirements than other donor countries Q80d-swz. Taiwan has more requirements than other donor countries Q80d-swz. Taiwan has more requirements than other donor countries Q80d-swz. Taiwan has more requirements than other donor countries Q80d-swz. Taiwan has more requirements than other donor countries 80D-SWZ. [If yes on Q80A] When the government of Taiwan gives loans or development assistance to Eswatini, do you think they put more requirements or fewer requirements on our government compared to other donor countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 9 -1 Missing Far fewer requirements 1 Somewhat fewer requirements 2 About the same number of requirements 3 Somewhat more requirements 4 Many more requirements 7 Not applicable 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q80e-swz. Influence of Taiwan’s economic activities on economy Q80e-swz. Influence of Taiwan’s economic activities on economy Q80e-swz. Influence of Taiwan’s economic activities on economy Q80e-swz. Influence of Taiwan’s economic activities on economy Q80e-swz. Influence of Taiwan’s economic activities on economy 80E-SWZ. How much influence do you think Taiwan’s economic activities in Eswatini have on our economy, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 9 -1 Missing None 1 A little 2 Some 3 A lot 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough Q80f-swz. Taiwan relationship beneficial vs China would be more beneficial Q80f-swz. Taiwan relationship beneficial vs China would be more beneficial Q80f-swz. Taiwan relationship beneficial vs China would be more beneficial Q80f-swz. Taiwan relationship beneficial vs China would be more beneficial Q80f-swz. Taiwan relationship beneficial vs China would be more beneficial 80F-SWZ. Now let us talk about the relationship between our government and two countries namely, the Republic of China and Taiwan. Please, tell me which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: The relationship between our government and Taiwan is beneficial to our country and should be maintained instead of being severed to pursue a new relationship with China. Statement 2: A relationship with China would be more beneficial to our country than the relationship we have with Taiwan, as such the government should server ties with Taiwan. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know Q81. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe Q81. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe Q81. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe Q81. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe Q81. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe Let’s go back to talking about you. 81. What is your ethnic community, or cultural group? [Do NOT read options. Code from response] [If respondent does not identify any group on this question – that is, IF they REFUSE to answer (9998), DON’T KNOW (9999) or mention “Swati only (9990)”– then select 7=Not applicable for Q82A and Q82B and continue to Q82C (for interviews on tablets the skip wil be done automatially)] 1200 1620 9998 -1 Missing 1620 Shangaan 1621 Zulu 9990 Swati only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms” 9995 Other 9998 Refused to answer 9999 Don’t know Q82a. Ethnic group treated unfairly by government Q82a. Ethnic group treated unfairly by government Q82a. Ethnic group treated unfairly by government Q82a. Ethnic group treated unfairly by government Q82a. Ethnic group treated unfairly by government 82A. How often, if ever, are ___________s [R’s ethnic group] treated unfairly by the government? 1200 7 -1 Missing Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q82b. Ethnic or national identity Q82b. Ethnic or national identity Q82b. Ethnic or national identity Q82b. Ethnic or national identity Q82b. Ethnic or national identity 82B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Swati and being a ________[R’s ethnic group]. Which of the following statements best expresses your feelings? 1200 2 7 -1 Missing 1 I feel only (ethnic group) 2 I feel more (ethnic group) than (national identity) 3 I feel equally (national identity) and (ethnic group) 4 I feel more (national identity) than (ethnic group) 5 I feel only (national identity) 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 99 Not asked in the country Q82c. Comfortable speaking mother tongue in public Q82c. Comfortable speaking mother tongue in public Q82c. Comfortable speaking mother tongue in public Q82c. Comfortable speaking mother tongue in public Q82c. Comfortable speaking mother tongue in public 82. Do you feel comfortable: C. Speaking your mother tongue in public? 1200 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q82d. Comfortable wearing traditional, cultural dress in public Q82d. Comfortable wearing traditional, cultural dress in public Q82d. Comfortable wearing traditional, cultural dress in public Q82d. Comfortable wearing traditional, cultural dress in public Q82d. Comfortable wearing traditional, cultural dress in public 82. Do you feel comfortable: D. Wearing your traditional or cultural dress in public? 1200 7 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted Q83. Most people can be trusted 83. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you must be very careful in dealing with people? 1200 9 -1 Missing Must be very careful 1 Most people can be trusted 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q84a. Unfair treatment by other people based on economic status Q84a. Unfair treatment by other people based on economic status Q84a. Unfair treatment by other people based on economic status Q84a. Unfair treatment by other people based on economic status Q84a. Unfair treatment by other people based on economic status 84. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you personally been treated unfairly by other Emaswati based on: A. Your economic status, that is, how rich or poor you are 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q84b. Unfair treatment by other people based on religion Q84b. Unfair treatment by other people based on religion Q84b. Unfair treatment by other people based on religion Q84b. Unfair treatment by other people based on religion Q84b. Unfair treatment by other people based on religion 84. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you personally been treated unfairly by other Emaswati based on: B. Your religion? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q84c. Unfair treatment by other people based on ethnicity Q84c. Unfair treatment by other people based on ethnicity Q84c. Unfair treatment by other people based on ethnicity Q84c. Unfair treatment by other people based on ethnicity Q84c. Unfair treatment by other people based on ethnicity 84. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you personally been treated unfairly by other Emaswati based on: C. Your ethnicity? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 8 Refused 9 Don't Know 99 Not asked in the country Q85. More that unites or more that divides people Q85. More that unites or more that divides people Q85. More that unites or more that divides people Q85. More that unites or more that divides people Q85. More that unites or more that divides people 85. Emaswati are very diverse. They come from different religions, ethnic groups, and economic and social backgrounds. Overall, would you say that there is more that unites all Emaswati as one people, or more that divides them? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much more that divides us 2 Somewhat more that divides us 3 Somewhat more that unites us 4 Much more that unites us 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q86a. Neighbours: people of different religion Q86a. Neighbours: people of different religion Q86a. Neighbours: people of different religion Q86a. Neighbours: people of different religion Q86a. Neighbours: people of different religion 86. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbours, dislike it, or not care: A. People of a different religion? 1200 1 8 -1 Missing 1 Strongly dislike 2 Somewhat Dislike 3 Would not care 4 Somewhat like 5 Strongly like 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q86b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity Q86b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity Q86b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity Q86b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity Q86b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity 86. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbours, dislike it, or not care: B. People from other ethnic groups? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly dislike 2 Somewhat Dislike 3 Would not care 4 Somewhat like 5 Strongly like 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q86c. Neighbours: homosexuals Q86c. Neighbours: homosexuals Q86c. Neighbours: homosexuals Q86c. Neighbours: homosexuals Q86c. Neighbours: homosexuals 86. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbours, dislike it, or not care: C. Homosexuals? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly dislike 2 Somewhat Dislike 3 Would not care 4 Somewhat like 5 Strongly like 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q86d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers Q86d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers Q86d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers Q86d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers Q86d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers 86. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbours, dislike it, or not care: D. Immigrants or foreign workers? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly dislike 2 Somewhat Dislike 3 Would not care 4 Somewhat like 5 Strongly like 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q86e. Neighbours: people who support a different political party Q86e. Neighbours: people who support a different political party Q86e. Neighbours: people who support a different political party Q86e. Neighbours: people who support a different political party Q86e. Neighbours: people who support a different political party 86. For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbours, dislike it, or not care: E. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing 1 Strongly dislike 2 Somewhat Dislike 3 Would not care 4 Somewhat like 5 Strongly like 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 94 Not asked in the country Q87a. Influence of traditional leaders: governing local community Q87a. Influence of traditional leaders: governing local community Q87a. Influence of traditional leaders: governing local community Q87a. Influence of traditional leaders: governing local community Q87a. Influence of traditional leaders: governing local community Now let’s talk about traditional leaders and their role in politics and government in this country. 87. How much influence do traditional leaders currently have in each of the following areas: A. Governing your local community 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 None 2 A small amount 3 Some 4 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q87b. Influence of traditional leaders: allocating land Q87b. Influence of traditional leaders: allocating land Q87b. Influence of traditional leaders: allocating land Q87b. Influence of traditional leaders: allocating land Q87b. Influence of traditional leaders: allocating land Now let’s talk about traditional leaders and their role in politics and government in this country. 87. How much influence do traditional leaders currently have in each of the following areas: B. Allocating land 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 None 2 A small amount 3 Some 4 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q87c. Influence of traditional leaders: votes Q87c. Influence of traditional leaders: votes Q87c. Influence of traditional leaders: votes Q87c. Influence of traditional leaders: votes Q87c. Influence of traditional leaders: votes Now let’s talk about traditional leaders and their role in politics and government in this country. 87. How much influence do traditional leaders currently have in each of the following areas: C. Influencing how people in their communities vote 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 None 2 A small amount 3 Some 4 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q87d. Influence of traditional leaders: solving disputes Q87d. Influence of traditional leaders: solving disputes Q87d. Influence of traditional leaders: solving disputes Q87d. Influence of traditional leaders: solving disputes Q87d. Influence of traditional leaders: solving disputes Now let’s talk about traditional leaders and their role in politics and government in this country. 87. How much influence do traditional leaders currently have in each of the following areas: D. Solving local disputes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 None 2 A small amount 3 Some 4 A lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q87e. Traditional leaders more or less influence Q87e. Traditional leaders more or less influence Q87e. Traditional leaders more or less influence Q87e. Traditional leaders more or less influence Q87e. Traditional leaders more or less influence 87E. Do you think that the amount of influence traditional leaders have in governing your local community should increase, stay the same, or decrease? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Decrease a lot 2 Decrease somewhat 3 Stay the same 4 Increase somewhat 5 Increase a lot 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country Q88. Who traditional leaders serve Q88. Who traditional leaders serve Q88. Who traditional leaders serve Q88. Who traditional leaders serve Q88. Who traditional leaders serve 88. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? 1200 9 -1 Missing Do not agree with any of these statements 1 Statement 3: Traditional leaders mostly look out for their own personal interests. 2 Statement 2: Traditional leaders mostly serve the interests of politicians and government officials. 3 Statement 1: Traditional leaders mostly look out for what is best for the people in their communities. 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know 99 Not asked in the country Q89a. Traditional leaders advise on vote vs stay out of politics Q89a. Traditional leaders advise on vote vs stay out of politics Q89a. Traditional leaders advise on vote vs stay out of politics Q89a. Traditional leaders advise on vote vs stay out of politics Q89a. Traditional leaders advise on vote vs stay out of politics Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: Traditional leaders have a better grasp of political issues than ordinary people; they should give their people advice about how to vote. Statement 2: Traditional leaders should stay out of politics and leave people to make their own decisions about how to vote. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know 99 Not asked in the country Q89b. Traditional leaders in competition with elected leaders vs cooperation Q89b. Traditional leaders in competition with elected leaders vs cooperation Q89b. Traditional leaders in competition with elected leaders vs cooperation Q89b. Traditional leaders in competition with elected leaders vs cooperation Q89b. Traditional leaders in competition with elected leaders vs cooperation Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] Statement 1: Traditional leaders are mostly in competition with elected leaders for resources, power and influence. Statement 2: Traditional leaders mostly work in cooperation with elected leaders to get things done. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 2 Agree with Statement 1 3 Agree with Statement 2 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 5 Agree with Neither 8 Refused to answer 9 Don't know 99 Not asked in the country Q90. Traditional leaders bad or good for democracy Q90. Traditional leaders bad or good for democracy Q90. Traditional leaders bad or good for democracy Q90. Traditional leaders bad or good for democracy Q90. Traditional leaders bad or good for democracy 90. Some people think that because traditional leaders are not elected, they are bad for democracy, but other people think that traditional leaders can work together with elected leaders to make democracy work better. What about you? Do you think that traditional leaders strengthen democracy, weaken democracy, or don’t make a difference? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Weaken democracy 2 Don’t make a difference 3 Strengthen democracy 8 Refused 9 Don’t know 99 Not asked in the country COV-1. Informed about COVID-19 COV-1. Informed about COVID-19 COV-1. Informed about COVID-19 COV-1. Informed about COVID-19 COV-1. Informed about COVID-19 Now I would like to ask you some questions about the COVID-19 pandemic that has been affecting our country and the world since early 2020. COV-1. How well informed would you say you are about the coronavirus, or the COVID-19 pandemic, and efforts to combat it? Would you consider yourself: 1200 9 -1 Missing Haven't heard of COVID-19 1 Not at all informed 2 Not very well informed 3 Somewhat well informed 4 Very well informed 8 Refused 9 Don't know COV-2. Became ill with COVID-19 COV-2. Became ill with COVID-19 COV-2. Became ill with COVID-19 COV-2. Became ill with COVID-19 COV-2. Became ill with COVID-19 Please tell me if you personally or any other member of your household have been affected in any of the following ways by the COVID-19 pandemic: COV-2. Became ill with COVID-19 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Yes 2 No 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-3. Lost income because of COVID-19 COV-3. Lost income because of COVID-19 COV-3. Lost income because of COVID-19 COV-3. Lost income because of COVID-19 COV-3. Lost income because of COVID-19 Please tell me if you personally or any other member of your household have been affected in any of the following ways by the COVID-19 pandemic: COV-3. Temporarily or permanently lost a job, business or primary source of income 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Yes 2 No 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-4. Community experience COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-4. Community experience COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-4. Community experience COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-4. Community experience COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-4. Community experience COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-4. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI. 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused 9 Don't know 94 Not asked in the country 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-5. Ease of compliance with COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-5. Ease of compliance with COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-5. Ease of compliance with COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-5. Ease of compliance with COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-5. Ease of compliance with COVID-19 lockdown/curfew COV-5. How easy or difficult was it for you and your household to comply with the lockdown or curfew restrictions imposed by the government? 1200 97 -1 Missing Did not comply 1 Very difficult 2 Difficult 3 Neither easy nor difficult 4 Easy 5 Very easy 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-6. Lockdown/curfew necessary to limit COVID-19 spread COV-6. Lockdown/curfew necessary to limit COVID-19 spread COV-6. Lockdown/curfew necessary to limit COVID-19 spread COV-6. Lockdown/curfew necessary to limit COVID-19 spread COV-6. Lockdown/curfew necessary to limit COVID-19 spread COV-6. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Even if the lockdown or curfew had negative impacts on the economy and people’s livelihoods, it was necessary to limit the spread of COVID-19. 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-7. School closed due to COVID-19 COV-7. School closed due to COVID-19 COV-7. School closed due to COVID-19 COV-7. School closed due to COVID-19 COV-7. School closed due to COVID-19 COV-7. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI. 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused 9 Don't know 94 Not asked in the country 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-8. Support school closure due to COVID-19 COV-8. Support school closure due to COVID-19 COV-8. Support school closure due to COVID-19 COV-8. Support school closure due to COVID-19 COV-8. Support school closure due to COVID-19 COV-8. Did you support or oppose the government’s decision to close schools in an effort to limit the spread of COVID-19? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly oppose 2 Somewhat oppose 3 Neither support not oppose 4 Somewhat support 5 Strongly support 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-9. Length of COVID-19 school closure appropriate COV-9. Length of COVID-19 school closure appropriate COV-9. Length of COVID-19 school closure appropriate COV-9. Length of COVID-19 school closure appropriate COV-9. Length of COVID-19 school closure appropriate COV-9. In your opinion, was the period during which schools were closed too long or too short? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Much too long 2 Somewhat too long 3 About right length 4 Somewhat too short 5 Much too short 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-10. Received COVID-19 relief assistance COV-10. Received COVID-19 relief assistance COV-10. Received COVID-19 relief assistance COV-10. Received COVID-19 relief assistance COV-10. Received COVID-19 relief assistance COV-10. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, have you or your household received any assistance from government, like food, cash payments, relief from bill payments, or other assistance that you were not normally receiving before the pandemic? 1200 97 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-11. COVID-19 relief assistance fairly distributed COV-11. COVID-19 relief assistance fairly distributed COV-11. COVID-19 relief assistance fairly distributed COV-11. COVID-19 relief assistance fairly distributed COV-11. COVID-19 relief assistance fairly distributed COV-11. Do you think that the benefits of government programs to support people during the COVID-19 pandemic, for example through food packages or cash payments, have been distributed fairly, or that the distribution was unfair, for example by favoring certain groups or regions? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Very unfairly 2 Somewhat unfairly 3 Neither fair nor unfair 4 Somewhat fairly 5 Very fairly 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-12. Handling managing COVID-19 response COV-12. Handling managing COVID-19 response COV-12. Handling managing COVID-19 response COV-12. Handling managing COVID-19 response COV-12. Handling managing COVID-19 response How well or badly would you say the current government has handled the following matters since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, or haven’t you heard enough to say? COV-12. Managing the response to the COVID-19 pandemic 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Very badly 2 Fairly badly 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-13. Handling keeping public informed about COVID-19 COV-13. Handling keeping public informed about COVID-19 COV-13. Handling keeping public informed about COVID-19 COV-13. Handling keeping public informed about COVID-19 COV-13. Handling keeping public informed about COVID-19 How well or badly would you say the current government has handled the following matters since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, or haven’t you heard enough to say? COV-13. Keeping the public informed about COVID-19 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Very badly 2 Fairly badly 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-14. Trust govt COVID-19 statistics COV-14. Trust govt COVID-19 statistics COV-14. Trust govt COVID-19 statistics COV-14. Trust govt COVID-19 statistics COV-14. Trust govt COVID-19 statistics COV-14. How much do you trust the official statistics provided by government on the number of infections and deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Not at all 2 A little bit 3 Somewhat 4 A lot 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-15. Level of COVID-19 corruption COV-15. Level of COVID-19 corruption COV-15. Level of COVID-19 corruption COV-15. Level of COVID-19 corruption COV-15. Level of COVID-19 corruption COV-15. Considering all of the funds and resources that were available to the government for combatting and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, how much do you think was lost or stolen due to corruption among government officials? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 A lot 2 Some 3 A little 4 None 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-16. Trust govt to ensure safety of COVID-19 vaccine COV-16. Trust govt to ensure safety of COVID-19 vaccine COV-16. Trust govt to ensure safety of COVID-19 vaccine COV-16. Trust govt to ensure safety of COVID-19 vaccine COV-16. Trust govt to ensure safety of COVID-19 vaccine COV-16. How much do you trust the government to ensure that any vaccine for COVID-19 that is developed or offered to Swati citizens is safe before it is used in this country? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Not at all 2 Just a little 3 A little 4 A lot 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-17. Likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccination COV-17. Likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccination COV-17. Likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccination COV-17. Likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccination COV-17. Likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccination COV-17. If a vaccine for COVID-19 becomes available and the government says it is safe, how likely are you to try to get vaccinated? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Very unlikely 2 Somewhat unlikely 3 Somewhat likely 4 Very likely 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-18. Prayer more effective than COVID-19 vaccine COV-18. Prayer more effective than COVID-19 vaccine COV-18. Prayer more effective than COVID-19 vaccine COV-18. Prayer more effective than COVID-19 vaccine COV-18. Prayer more effective than COVID-19 vaccine COV-18. Some people think that prayer is an effective way to alter events in the world. Others put more faith in science to solve problems. Some people believe in both. What about you? Do you think that prayer is more effective or less effective than a vaccine would be in preventing COVID-19 infection? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Much more effective 2 Somewhat more effective 3 About the same effectiveness 4 Somewhat less effective 5 Much less effective 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-19. Seriousness of COVID-19 over next 6 months COV-19. Seriousness of COVID-19 over next 6 months COV-19. Seriousness of COVID-19 over next 6 months COV-19. Seriousness of COVID-19 over next 6 months COV-19. Seriousness of COVID-19 over next 6 months COV-19. Looking ahead, how serious of a problem do you think the COVID-19 pandemic will be for Eswatini over the next six months? 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Not at all serious 2 Not very serious 3 Somewhat serious 4 Very serious 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-20. More investment for health emergencies COV-20. More investment for health emergencies COV-20. More investment for health emergencies COV-20. More investment for health emergencies COV-20. More investment for health emergencies COV-20. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Our government needs to invest more of our health resources in special preparations to respond to health emergencies like COVID-19, even if it means fewer resources are available for other health services. 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-21. Censor media during pandemic COV-21. Censor media during pandemic COV-21. Censor media during pandemic COV-21. Censor media during pandemic COV-21. Censor media during pandemic When the country is facing a public health emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic, do you agree or disagree that it is justified for the government to temporarily limit democracy or democratic freedoms by taking the following measures? COV-21. Censoring media reporting 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-22. Armed forces/police enforce public health measures COV-22. Armed forces/police enforce public health measures COV-22. Armed forces/police enforce public health measures COV-22. Armed forces/police enforce public health measures COV-22. Armed forces/police enforce public health measures When the country is facing a public health emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic, do you agree or disagree that it is justified for the government to temporarily limit democracy or democratic freedoms by taking the following measures? COV-22. Using the police and security forces to enforce public health mandates like lockdown orders, mask requirements, or restrictions on public gatherings 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-23. Postpone elections/limit campaigns during pandemic COV-23. Postpone elections/limit campaigns during pandemic COV-23. Postpone elections/limit campaigns during pandemic COV-23. Postpone elections/limit campaigns during pandemic COV-23. Postpone elections/limit campaigns during pandemic When the country is facing a public health emergency like the COVID-19 pandemic, do you agree or disagree that it is justified for the government to temporarily limit democracy or democratic freedoms by taking the following measures? COV-23. Postponing elections or limiting political campaigning 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) COV-24. Politicians take advantage of COVID-19 pandemic COV-24. Politicians take advantage of COVID-19 pandemic COV-24. Politicians take advantage of COVID-19 pandemic COV-24. Politicians take advantage of COVID-19 pandemic COV-24. Politicians take advantage of COVID-19 pandemic In some countries, people have been worried that governments and politicians are trying to take advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic to increase their wealth or power, or to permanently restrict freedoms or political competition. What about you? How worried are you, if at all, that the following things are taking place or might take place in Eswatini: COV-24. Politicians are using the pandemic as an opportunity to increase their power and authority 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 1 Not at all worried 2 Not very worried 3 Somewhat worried 4 Very worried 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable (COV1=0, 8 or 9) Q91a. Close to political party Q91a. Close to political party Q91a. Close to political party Q91a. Close to political party Q91a. Close to political party 91A. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing No (does NOT feel close to ANY party) 1 Yes (feels close to a party) 8 Refused to answer 9 Does not know 94 Not asked in the country Q91b. Which party Q91b. Which party Q91b. Which party Q91b. Which party Q91b. Which party 91A. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing 94 Not asked in country 9995 Other 9999 Don't know Q92a. Own radio Q92a. Own radio Q92a. Own radio Q92a. Own radio Q92a. Own radio 92. Which of these things do you personally own? [If “No,” ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one? A. Radio 1200 9 -1 Missing No, no one in the household owns 1 Someone else in household owns 2 Yes (personally owns) 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q92b. Own television Q92b. Own television Q92b. Own television Q92b. Own television Q92b. Own television 92. Which of these things do you personally own? [If “No,” ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one? B. Television 1200 9 -1 Missing No, no one in the household owns 1 Someone else in household owns 2 Yes (personally owns) 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q92c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle Q92c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle Q92c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle Q92c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle Q92c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle 92. Which of these things do you personally own? [If “No,” ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one? C. Motor vehicle or motorcycle 1200 9 -1 Missing No, no one in the household owns 1 Someone else in household owns 2 Yes (personally owns) 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q92d. Own computer Q92d. Own computer Q92d. Own computer Q92d. Own computer Q92d. Own computer 92. Which of these things do you personally own? [If “No,” ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one? D. Computer 1200 9 -1 Missing No, no one in the household owns 1 Someone else in household owns 2 Yes (personally owns) 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q92e. Own bank account Q92e. Own bank account Q92e. Own bank account Q92e. Own bank account Q92e. Own bank account 92. Which of these things do you personally own? [If “No,” ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one? E. Bank account 1200 9 -1 Missing No, no one in the household owns 1 Someone else in household owns 2 Yes (personally owns) 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q92f. Own mobile phone Q92f. Own mobile phone Q92f. Own mobile phone Q92f. Own mobile phone Q92f. Own mobile phone 92. Which of these things do you personally own? [If “No,” ask]: Does anyone else in your household own one? F. Mobile phone 1200 9 -1 Missing No, no one in the household owns 1 Someone else in household owns 2 Yes (personally owns) 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q92g. Mobile phone access to internet Q92g. Mobile phone access to internet Q92g. Mobile phone access to internet Q92g. Mobile phone access to internet Q92g. Mobile phone access to internet 92G. [If “Yes” to personally owning a mobile phone] Does your phone have access to the Internet? 1200 9 -1 Missing No (Does not have internet access) 1 Yes (Have internet) 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't Know Q92h. How often use a mobile phone Q92h. How often use a mobile phone Q92h. How often use a mobile phone Q92h. How often use a mobile phone Q92h. How often use a mobile phone 92. How often do you use: H. A mobile phone? 1200 8 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q92i. How often use the internet Q92i. How often use the internet Q92i. How often use the internet Q92i. How often use the internet Q92i. How often use the internet 92. How often do you use: I. The Internet? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q93a. Source of water for household use Q93a. Source of water for household use Q93a. Source of water for household use Q93a. Source of water for household use Q93a. Source of water for household use 93A. What is your main source of water for household use? 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 1 Piped water into dwelling 2 Piped water into yard, plot or compound 3 Public tap or standpipe 4 Tubewell or borehole 5 Protected dug well 6 Unprotected dug well 7 Protected spring 8 Unprotected spring 9 Rainwater collection 10 Bottled water 11 Purchased from a cart with a small tank or drum 12 Purchased from a tanker truck 13 Surface water, like a river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal or irrigation channel 95 Other 98 Refused 99 Don’t know Q93b. Location of toilet or latrine Q93b. Location of toilet or latrine Q93b. Location of toilet or latrine Q93b. Location of toilet or latrine Q93b. Location of toilet or latrine 93B. Do you have a toilet, water closet or latrine available for your use? [If yes] Is it inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your compound? 1200 9 -1 Missing No, none available 1 Yes, inside the house 2 Yes, inside the compound 3 Yes, outside the compound 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don’t know Q94a. Electric connection from mains Q94a. Electric connection from mains Q94a. Electric connection from mains Q94a. Electric connection from mains Q94a. Electric connection from mains 94A. [Interviewer: If it is 100% clear that there is no electricity supply to the home, e.g. in an unserved rural area, do not ask this question. Just select 0=No electricity supply and continue to Q94C.] Do you have an electric connection to your home from the Eswatini Electricity Company? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q94b. Electricity available from mains Q94b. Electricity available from mains Q94b. Electricity available from mains Q94b. Electricity available from mains Q94b. Electricity available from mains 94B. [If yes to Q94A] How often is electricity actually available from this connection? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Never 2 Occasionally 3 About half of the time 4 Most of the time 5 All of the time 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q94c. Other source of electricity: available Q94c. Other source of electricity: available Q94c. Other source of electricity: available Q94c. Other source of electricity: available Q94c. Other source of electricity: available 94C. Does your house use electric power from any source other than the Eswatini Electricity Company? 1200 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don't Know Q94d. Other source of electricity: type Q94d. Other source of electricity: type Q94d. Other source of electricity: type Q94d. Other source of electricity: type Q94d. Other source of electricity: type 94D. [If yes to Q94C] What is the source of the electricity for this connection? 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 1 Batteries or power bank 2 Generator 3 Solar panels 4 Wind power 5 Hydro power 6 Biogas 95 Other 96 Multiple sources 97 Not Applicable 98 Refused to answer 99 Don’t know Q94e. Other source of electricity: owner Q94e. Other source of electricity: owner Q94e. Other source of electricity: owner Q94e. Other source of electricity: owner Q94e. Other source of electricity: owner 94E. [If yes to Q94C] Is the electricity source owned by your household, or does it come from outside of your household? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Owned by household 2 Owned outside of household 3 Get power from sources both within and outside of household 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused to answer 9 Don’t know Q95a. Employment status Q95a. Employment status Q95a. Employment status Q95a. Employment status Q95a. Employment status 95A. Do you have a job that pays a cash income? [If yes, ask:] Is it full time or part time? [If no, ask:] Are you currently looking for a job? 1200 9 -1 Missing No (not looking) 1 No (looking) 2 Yes, part time 3 Yes, full time 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q95b. Required to pay an income tax Q95b. Required to pay an income tax Q95b. Required to pay an income tax Q95b. Required to pay an income tax Q95b. Required to pay an income tax 95B. [If respondent answered “No (not looking)”, “No (looking)”, or 9=DK to Q95A, select 7=Not applicable for this question and continue to Q95C (tablet will do an automatic skip). Otherwise ask:] If you have paid employment, that is, regular employment for which you receive something like an hourly wage or a regular salary, are you required to pay an income tax, that is, a tax deducted from your wages by your employer? 1200 9 -1 Missing No, am not required to pay 1 Yes, am required to pay 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q95c. Occupation of respondent Q95c. Occupation of respondent Q95c. Occupation of respondent Q95c. Occupation of respondent Q95c. Occupation of respondent 95C. What is your main occupation? [If unemployed, retired, or disabled, ask:] What was your last main occupation? 1200 9999 -1 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7 6 8 7 9 8 10 9 11 10 12 11 13 12 14 220 15 1580 16 1700 17 9995 18 9998 19 9999 20 Q95cother. Occupation of respondent (verbatim) Q95cother. Occupation of respondent (verbatim) Q95cother. Occupation of respondent (verbatim) Q95cother. Occupation of respondent (verbatim) Q95cother. Occupation of respondent (verbatim) 95C. What is your main occupation? [If unemployed, retired, or disabled, ask:] What was your last main occupation? Other 1200 Q95d. Employer of respondent Q95d. Employer of respondent Q95d. Employer of respondent Q95d. Employer of respondent Q95d. Employer of respondent 95D. [If respondent has an occupation, i.e. responses on Q95C other than 0=Never had a job, 1=Student, 2= Housewife / Homemaker, ask:] Do you work for yourself, for someone else in the private sector or the non-governmental sector, or for government? [If respondent indicated in previous question that they were unemployed, retired or disabled, ask:] In your last job, did you work for yourself, for someone else in the private sector or the non-governmental sector, or for government? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 Works for self 2 Private sector 3 Non Governmental Organizations or civil society sector 4 Government 7 Not Applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q96a. Who decides how money is used Q96a. Who decides how money is used Q96a. Who decides how money is used Q96a. Who decides how money is used Q96a. Who decides how money is used 96A. What is the main way that decisions are made about how to use any money that you have or earn, for example from a job, a business, selling things or other activities? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 1 You make the decisions yourself 2 Your spouse makes the decisions 3 You make the decisions jointly with your spouse 4 You make the decisions jointly with other family members 5 Other family members make the decisions without you 6 None of the above / Some other response 7 Not applicable, no earnings 8 Refused to Answer 9 Don’t know Q96b. Head of household Q96b. Head of household Q96b. Head of household Q96b. Head of household Q96b. Head of household 96B. Who is the head of this household, that is, the person who has primary responsibility for making decisions on behalf of the household? 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 1 You [respondent] 2 Respondent’s spouse 3 Respondent’s father 4 Respondent’s mother 5 Respondent’s son 6 Respondent’s daughter 7 Respondent’s grandfather 8 Respondent’s grandmother 9 Another male relative 10 Another female relative 11 Someone else 12 More than one person 98 Refused 99 Don’t know Q96c. Occupation of head of household Q96c. Occupation of head of household Q96c. Occupation of head of household Q96c. Occupation of head of household Q96c. Occupation of head of household 96C. [If respondent is not the head of household, i.e. if the response to 96B was NOT 1=You [respondent] or 99=Don’t know, ask:] What is the main occupation of the head of the household? [If unemployed, retired, or disabled, ask:] What was his or her last main occupation?) 1200 99 -1 Missing Never had a job 1 Student 2 Housewife / homemaker 3 Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 4 Trader / hawker / vendor 5 Retail / Shop 6 Unskilled manual worker (e.g., cleaner, laborer, domestic help, unskilled manufacturing worker) 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker (e.g., trades like electrician, mechanic, machinist or skilled manufacturing worker) 8 Clerical or secretarial 9 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 10 Security services (police, army, private security) 11 Mid-level professional (e.g., teacher, nurse, mid-level government officer) 12 Upper-level professional (e.g., banker/finance, doctor, lawyer, engineer, accountant, professor, senior-level government 95 Other 97 Not Applicable 98 Refused 99 Don’t know Q97. Education of respondent Q97. Education of respondent Q97. Education of respondent Q97. Education of respondent Q97. Education of respondent 97. What is your highest level of education? 1200 99 -1 Missing No formal schooling 1 Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 2 Some primary schooling 3 Primary school completed 4 Intermediate school or Some secondary school / high school 5 Secondary school / high school completed 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 7 Some university 8 University completed 9 Post-graduate 98 Refused 99 Don’t know Q98a. Religion of respondent Q98a. Religion of respondent Q98a. Religion of respondent Q98a. Religion of respondent Q98a. Religion of respondent 98A. What is your religion, if any? 1200 9998 -1 Missing None 1 Christian only (i.e., respondents says only “Christian”, without identifying a specific sub-group) 2 Roman Catholic 3 Orthodox 4 Coptic 5 Anglican 6 Lutheran 7 Methodist 8 Presbyterian 9 Baptist 10 Quaker / Friends 11 Mennonite 12 Evangelical 13 Pentecostal (e.g., “Born Again” and/or “Saved”) 14 Independent (e.g., “African Independent Church”) 15 Jehovah’s Witness 16 Seventh Day Adventist 17 Mormon 18 Muslim only (i.e., respondents says only “Muslim”, without identifying a specific sub-group) 19 Sunni only (i.e., respondents says only “Sunni” or “Sunni Muslim”, without identifying a specific sub-group) 20 Ismaeli 21 Mouridiya Brotherhood 22 Tijaniya Brotherhood 23 Qadiriya Brotherhood 24 Shia 25 Traditional / ethnic religion 26 Hindu 27 Bahai 28 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 29 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 30 Dutch Reformed 31 Calvinist 32 Church of Christ 33 Zionist Christian Church 34 Jewish 9995 Other 9998 Refused 9999 Don't know Q98b. Religious group treated unfairly by government Q98b. Religious group treated unfairly by government Q98b. Religious group treated unfairly by government Q98b. Religious group treated unfairly by government Q98b. Religious group treated unfairly by government 98B. How often, if ever, are ___________s [R’s religious group] treated unfairly by the government? 1200 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don’t know Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party Q99. Vote for which party 99. NOT ASKED IN ESWATINI 1200 94 94 -1 Missing 94 Not asked in country Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor Q100. Perceived survey sponsor 100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 1200 99 -1 Missing No one 1 “Afrobarometer" or national partner 2 Research Company 3 Non-government or religious organization 4 University / School / College 5 Private company 6 Media 7 Political party or politician 8 Government 9 International organization or another country 10 God 95 Other 98 Refused to answer 99 Don’t know Time interview ended Time interview ended Time interview ended Time interview ended Time interview ended ENDTIME. Time interview ended 1200 Length of interview Length of interview Length of interview Length of interview Length of interview LENGTH. For Office Use: Duration of interview in minutes 1200 35 217 Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent Q101. Gender of respondent 101. Respondent's gender 1200 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Q102. Race of respondent Q102. Race of respondent Q102. Race of respondent Q102. Race of respondent Q102. Race of respondent 102. Respondent’s race? 1200 1 2 1 Black / African 2 White / European 3 Coloured / Mixed race 4 Arab / Lebanese / North African 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 9995 Other 9999 Don't know Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview Q103. Language of interview 103. What was the primary language used in the interview? 1200 1 1620 1 English 1620 Siswati Q104. Type of shelter of respondent Q104. Type of shelter of respondent Q104. Type of shelter of respondent Q104. Type of shelter of respondent Q104. Type of shelter of respondent 104. In what type of shelter does the respondent live? 1200 1 8 1 Non-traditional / formal house 2 Traditional house / hut 3 Temporary structure / shack 4 Flat in a block of flats 5 Single room in a larger dwelling structure or backyard 7 Hostel in an industrial compound or farming compound 8 Other Q105. Roof of respondent’s home Q105. Roof of respondent’s home Q105. Roof of respondent’s home Q105. Roof of respondent’s home Q105. Roof of respondent’s home 105. What was the roof of the respondent’s home or shelter made of? 1200 1 9 1 Metal, aluminum, tin or zinc 2 Tiles 3 Shingles 4 Thatch or grass 5 Plastic sheets 6 Asbestos 7 Multiple materials 8 Concrete 9 Some other material 10 Could not tell / could not see Q106. Others present Q106. Others present Q106. Others present Q106. Others present Q106. Others present 106. Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 1200 1 5 1 No one 2 Spouse only 3 Children only 4 A few others 5 Small crowd Q107a. Check with others Q107a. Check with others Q107a. Check with others Q107a. Check with others Q107a. Check with others 107A. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 1200 1 No 1 Yes Q107b. Influence by others Q107b. Influence by others Q107b. Influence by others Q107b. Influence by others Q107b. Influence by others 107B. Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? 1200 1 No 1 Yes Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives 107C. Were you approached by community representatives? 1200 1 No 1 Yes Q107d. Feel threatened Q107d. Feel threatened Q107d. Feel threatened Q107d. Feel threatened Q107d. Feel threatened 107D. Did you feel threatened during the interview? 1200 1 No 1 Yes Q107e. Physically threatened Q107e. Physically threatened Q107e. Physically threatened Q107e. Physically threatened Q107e. Physically threatened 107E. Were you physically threatened during the interview? 1200 No 1 Yes Q108. Proportion difficulty answering Q108. Proportion difficulty answering Q108. Proportion difficulty answering Q108. Proportion difficulty answering Q108. Proportion difficulty answering 108. What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 1200 3 None 1 Few 2 Some 3 Most 4 All Q110a. Respondent friendly Q110a. Respondent friendly Q110a. Respondent friendly Q110a. Respondent friendly Q110a. Respondent friendly 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Friendly, In between, Hostile A. Was he or she 1200 1 3 1 Friendly 2 In between 3 Hostile Q110b. Respondent interested Q110b. Respondent interested Q110b. Respondent interested Q110b. Respondent interested Q110b. Respondent interested 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Interested, In between, Bored B. Was he or she 1200 1 3 1 Interested 2 In between 3 Bored Q110c. Respondent cooperative Q110c. Respondent cooperative Q110c. Respondent cooperative Q110c. Respondent cooperative Q110c. Respondent cooperative 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Cooperative, In between, Uncooperative C. Was he or she 1200 1 3 1 Cooperative 2 In between 3 Uncooperative Q110d. Respondent patient Q110d. Respondent patient Q110d. Respondent patient Q110d. Respondent patient Q110d. Respondent patient 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Patient, In between, Impatient D. Was he or she 1200 1 3 1 Patient 2 In between 3 Impatient Q110e. Respondent at ease Q110e. Respondent at ease Q110e. Respondent at ease Q110e. Respondent at ease Q110e. Respondent at ease 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? At ease, In between, Suspicious E. Was he or she 1200 1 3 1 At ease 2 In between 3 Suspicious Q110f. Respondent honest Q110f. Respondent honest Q110f. Respondent honest Q110f. Respondent honest Q110f. Respondent honest 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Honest, In between, Misleading F. Was he or she 1200 1 3 1 Honest 2 In between 3 Misleading Q112. Interviewer Number Q112. Interviewer Number Q112. Interviewer Number Q112. Interviewer Number Q112. Interviewer Number 112. Interviewer’s number 1200 Q113. Interviewer’s age Q113. Interviewer’s age Q113. Interviewer’s age Q113. Interviewer’s age Q113. Interviewer’s age 113. Interviewer’s age 1200 22 45 22 25 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 38 39 45 Q114. Interviewer’s gender Q114. Interviewer’s gender Q114. Interviewer’s gender Q114. Interviewer’s gender Q114. Interviewer’s gender 114. Interviewer’s gender 1200 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Q115. Interviewer rural or urban Q115. Interviewer rural or urban Q115. Interviewer rural or urban Q115. Interviewer rural or urban Q115. Interviewer rural or urban 115. Do you come from a rural or urban area? 1200 1 3 1 Rural 2 Urban 3 Semi-Urban Q116. Interviewer's home language Q116. Interviewer's home language Q116. Interviewer's home language Q116. Interviewer's home language Q116. Interviewer's home language 116. Interviewer's home language: 1200 1620 1620 1 English 1620 Swati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe 117. Interviewer's ethnic group / tribe 1200 1620 1620 1620 Swati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other Q118. Interviewer's education Q118. Interviewer's education Q118. Interviewer's education Q118. Interviewer's education Q118. Interviewer's education 118. Interviewer’s highest level of education 1200 5 8 3 Primary school completed 4 Some secondary school / high school 5 Secondary school / high school completed 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 7 Some university 8 University completed 9 Post graduate Q119. Other spoken languages_first Q119. Other spoken languages_first Q119. Other spoken languages_first Q119. Other spoken languages_first Q119. Other spoken languages_first 119. Which Swati languages do you speak? First 1200 1 1 1 English 1620 SiSwati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other Q119. Other spoken languages_second Q119. Other spoken languages_second Q119. Other spoken languages_second Q119. Other spoken languages_second Q119. Other spoken languages_second 119. Which Swati languages do you speak? Second 1200 1620 1620 1 English 1620 SiSwati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other 9996 No further response Q119. Other spoken languages_third Q119. Other spoken languages_third Q119. Other spoken languages_third Q119. Other spoken languages_third Q119. Other spoken languages_third 119. Which Swati languages do you speak? Third 1200 1621 9996 1 English 1620 SiSwati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other 9996 No further response Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth 119. Which Swati languages do you speak? Fourth 1200 9996 9996 1 English 1620 SiSwati 1621 Zulu 1622 Shangaan 9995 Other 9996 No further response within country weighting factor, weights to EA level ("old AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to EA level ("old AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to EA level ("old AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to EA level ("old AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to EA level ("old AB withinwt") 1200 0.343855202397415 2.25416188238305 within country weighting factor, weights to HH level ("new AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to HH level ("new AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to HH level ("new AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to HH level ("new AB withinwt") within country weighting factor, weights to HH level ("new AB withinwt") 1200 0.095697267968805 7.08390044269552