DDI_MDG_2022_MES_v01_M_WB Development Data Group 2025-02-05 Metadata Editor Version 01 (February 2025) MDG_2022_MES_v01_M Micro Enterprise Survey 2022 MES 2022 World Bank Group (WBG) World Bank Group Metadata Editor Enterprise Analysis Unit Enterprise Survey [en/oth] The Micro Enterprise Surveys (MES) implemented in Madagascar between March and December 2022. The MES collect both objective data based on firms’ day-to-day experiences, and perceptions of enterprises regarding the business environment in which they operate. Madagascar National coverage - Firms The universe of inference includes all formal (i.e., registered) private sector businesses (with at least 1% private ownership) and with at least five employees. In terms of sectoral criteria, all manufacturing businesses (ISIC Rev 3.1. codes 15-37) are eligible; for services businesses, those corresponding to the ISIC Rev 3.1 codes 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 are included in the Micro Enterprise Surveys. Cooperatives and collectives are excluded from the Micro Enterprise Surveys. All eligible establishments must be registered with the registration agency. In the case of Madagascar, the definition of registration with INSTAT or EDBM was used. Sample survey data [ssd] Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire implemented in the Madagascar 2022 WBES included additional questions covering management practices, worker skills, and technology adoption. These questions were selected in collaboration with the members of the WB local country team. Overall survey response rate was 31.9%. The World Bank Group. Madagascar - Micro Enterprise Survey (MES) 2022, MDG_2022_MES_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/en/data on [date]. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. MadagascarMicro-2022-full-data.dta 612 213 .dta Madagascar 2022 Micro Enterprise Survey full data WEB STD FIRMID 612 949267 949878 Firm ID 612 12 77427 Industry Sampling Sector 612 1 6 1 Food 66 2 Garments 68 3 Other Manufacturing 74 4 Retail 169 5 Wholesale 79 6 Other Services 156 Sampling Size 612 0 0 612 1 Small 0 2 Medium 0 3 Large 0 Screener Size, Categorical 612 0 1 0 Micro 605 1 Small 7 2 Medium 0 3 Large 0 Sampling Region 612 1 8 1 Analamanga 126 2 Anosy 77 3 Atsimo Andrefana 71 4 Atsinanana 68 5 Boeni 55 6 Diana 90 7 Sava 90 8 Vakinakaratra 35 Industry Screener Sector 612 15 72 15 Food 50 16 Tobacco 1 17 Textiles 2 18 Garments 28 19 Leather 2 20 Wood 11 21 Paper 0 22 Publishing, printing, and Recorded media 1 23 Refined petroleum product 0 24 Chemicals 1 25 0 26 Non metallic mineral products 6 27 Basic metals 2 28 Fabricated metal products 4 29 Machinery and equipment (29-30) 1 30 1 31 Electronics (31-32) 1 33 Precision instruments 0 34 Transport machines (34-35) 1 36 Furniture 5 37 Recycling 2 45 Construction Section F: 6 50 Services of motor vehicles 11 51 Wholesale 9 52 Retail 346 55 Hotel and restaurants: section H 23 60 Transport Section I: (60-64) 65 63 2 64 4 72 IT 27 Questionnaire 612 1 3 1 Manufacturing 119 2 Retail services 303 3 Other services 190 Region of The Establishment 612 1 8 1 Analamanga 125 2 Anosy 77 3 Atsimo Andrefana 71 4 Atsinanana 68 5 Boeni 55 6 Diana 90 7 Sava 91 8 Vakinakaratra 35 Screener Size 612 1 7 1 560 2 31 3 12 4 2 5 6 7 1 Day 612 1 31 1 19 2 18 3 18 4 14 5 21 6 16 7 30 8 25 9 17 10 15 11 26 12 23 13 23 14 29 15 26 16 28 17 24 18 16 19 24 20 24 21 31 22 23 23 22 24 12 25 13 26 16 27 14 28 16 29 5 30 13 31 11 Month 612 5 11 5 96 6 151 7 161 8 124 9 41 10 22 11 17 Year 612 2022 2022 2022 612 Hour 612 6 21 6 4 7 15 8 38 9 84 10 90 11 64 12 45 13 41 14 74 15 70 16 46 17 29 18 8 19 2 20 1 21 1 Minutes 612 0 59 Country Code 612 81 81 81 Madagascar 612 Interviewer NuMGber 612 Language of The Interview 612 2 3 2 599 3 13 Establishment keeps written business records of its costs and sales? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 433 2 No 179 Close Year of The Last Completed Fiscal Year 433 179 2021 2022 2021 402 2022 31 Sysmiss 179 Close Month of The Last Completed Fiscal Year 433 179 2 12 2 3 3 25 4 2 5 8 6 3 7 2 8 11 9 4 10 8 11 13 12 354 Sysmiss 179 Close Day of The Last Completed Fiscal Year 433 179 2 31 2 1 6 2 8 1 15 2 25 3 27 1 28 5 29 2 30 21 31 395 Sysmiss 179 Legal Status of The Firm 612 -9 5 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Shareholding company with shares traded on the stock market 7 2 Shareholding company with non-traded shares or shares traded privately 1 3 Sole proprietorship 577 4 Partnership 25 5 Limited partnership 1 6 Other 0 Other (Specify) 612 What Percentage of This Firm Does The Largest Owner(S) Own? 612 33 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 33 1 50 1 100 610 Is the largest owner also the top manager 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 588 2 No 24 Amongst The Owners of The Firm, Are There Any Females? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 366 2 No 245 % of The Firm Owned By Females 366 246 30 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 30 1 50 1 100 364 Sysmiss 246 Establishment part of a firm that has multiple locations? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 12 2 No 600 Year Establishment Began Operations 612 -9 2021 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1970 1 1978 1 1979 2 1980 2 1989 2 1990 5 1991 1 1992 5 1993 1 1994 5 1995 6 1996 4 1998 8 1999 5 2000 20 2001 6 2002 11 2003 10 2004 13 2005 17 2006 12 2007 11 2008 14 2009 18 2010 23 2011 12 2012 22 2013 30 2014 40 2015 41 2016 45 2017 54 2018 80 2019 43 2020 28 2021 12 In What Year Was This Establishment Formally Registered? 612 -9 2022 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 -7 Never regiestered (spontaneous) 0 1970 1 1979 2 1980 1 1989 1 1990 3 1991 1 1992 2 1993 1 1994 2 1995 3 1996 5 1997 1 1998 6 2000 21 2001 7 2002 7 2003 9 2004 13 2005 8 2006 9 2007 11 2008 12 2009 15 2010 19 2011 10 2012 21 2013 23 2014 40 2015 39 2016 46 2017 49 2018 67 2019 75 2020 51 2021 24 2022 2 Main Owner Start this Establishment? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 588 2 No 24 How did Main Owner Acquire Establishment? 24 588 1 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Purchased an existing business 4 2 Joined an existing family business 15 3 Joined an existing non-family business 2 4 Other(spontaneous) 3 Sysmiss 588 Main Reasons for Starting Establishment? 588 24 -7 5 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -7 NOT APPLICABLE (OWNER JOINED THE ACTIVITY) 9 1 The opportunity to start and develop a profitable business 186 2 To have a secondary source of income 174 3 Convenience of location and/or hours 95 4 Unable to find another source of income 99 5 Other reasons (specify) 25 Sysmiss 24 Other (Specify) 612 Main Source of Funding To Start Or Acquire This Business Or Activity 612 -9 6 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -7 Not applicable (spontaneous) 2 1 Own funds 483 2 Friends or relatives 25 3 Moneylenders 24 4 Microfinance institutions, or non-bank financial companies 28 5 Banks 45 6 Remittances 4 7 Other sources 0 Owner's Occupation Prior To This Business Or Activity 612 1 6 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Worked for someone else in the same type of business or activity 142 2 Worked for someone else in a different type of business or activity 187 3 Self-employed in a different type of business or activity 77 4 Self-employed in the same type of business or activity 27 5 Unemployed 101 6 Other (e.g., housewife, student, etc.) 78 Num. of Years Lived In This City 612 -9 63 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -7 Does not live in this city 7 -5 Entire life 362 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 13 5 8 6 12 7 8 8 4 9 7 10 13 11 4 12 13 13 8 14 7 15 11 16 4 17 7 19 6 20 16 21 1 22 13 23 7 24 4 25 4 26 5 27 3 28 3 29 1 30 10 31 1 32 5 34 1 35 3 36 2 37 1 38 1 40 3 41 1 42 2 43 1 45 4 48 1 50 3 54 1 55 2 56 1 59 1 63 1 Owner Highest Level of Completed Education 612 -9 8 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 4 1 No school 21 2 Incomplete primary 64 3 Complete primary 79 4 Incomplete secondary (gardes before university) 146 5 Complete secondary (gardes before university) 111 6 Complete vocational training (post-secondary, pre-tertiary) 55 7 Incomplete tertiary 70 8 Complete tertiary 62 Num. of Household MeMGbers of The Owner 612 -9 24 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 0 2 1 18 2 58 3 122 4 165 5 111 6 61 7 29 8 20 9 8 10 10 11 2 12 1 13 2 14 1 24 1 Owner Currently Has A Full-Time Job With Wage? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 158 2 No 454 Owner Would Leave Current Business If Offered Full-Time Employment With Regular 454 158 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 10 1 Yes 142 2 No 302 Sysmiss 158 How Many Years of Experience Working In This Sector Does The Top Manager Have? 612 -9 44 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 1 One year or less 17 2 32 3 35 4 58 5 57 6 41 7 46 8 32 9 35 10 38 11 10 12 14 13 15 14 9 15 16 16 6 17 13 18 12 19 10 20 24 21 5 22 21 23 5 24 5 25 5 26 6 27 6 28 4 29 3 30 14 31 4 32 5 33 1 37 1 40 1 42 1 43 1 44 1 Is The Top Manager Female? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 305 2 No 307 Application To Obtain An Electrical Connection Submitted Over The Last 2 Years 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 52 2 No 559 Informal Gift/Payment Expected or Requested For An Electrical Connection? 52 560 -8 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 14 2 No 37 Sysmiss 560 Over Last FY, Did This Establishment Experience Power Outages? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 270 2 No 341 NuMGber of Power Outages Experienced In A Typical Month In Last Fiscal Year 270 342 -9 84 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 18 0 1 1 33 2 33 3 33 4 21 5 19 6 10 7 4 8 10 10 30 12 15 13 1 15 15 16 2 18 1 20 2 22 2 25 5 30 13 31 1 84 1 Sysmiss 342 Average Duration of Power Outages: Hours 251 361 0 45 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 0 22 1 80 2 57 3 30 4 18 5 15 6 7 7 1 8 2 9 2 10 3 12 2 15 1 24 1 30 9 45 1 Sysmiss 361 Average Duration of Power Outages: Minutes 251 361 0 59 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 0 100 1 One minute or less 54 10 5 15 5 20 2 25 1 30 65 35 2 40 2 45 4 49 1 50 1 59 9 Sysmiss 361 In Last FY, Losses As % of Annual Sales Due To Power Outages 234 378 -9 80 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 12 0 None 95 1 2 2 7 3 4 5 18 8 2 10 22 12 1 15 9 20 15 25 4 30 15 34 1 40 2 50 14 60 3 70 3 75 1 80 4 Sysmiss 378 In Last FY, Value of Losses Due To Power Outages 36 576 10 100000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 0 None 0 10 1 20 1 30 2 40 1 50 1 100 1 200 4 300 2 400 2 450 1 500 1 540 1 600 2 800 2 900 2 1000 1 1200 2 2000 3 5000 2 7200 1 12000 1 50000 1 100000 1 Sysmiss 576 Generator Shared or Owned Over The Course of Last Fiscal Year? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 32 2 No 579 % Electricity From Generator Owned/Shared By The Establishment In Last FY 32 580 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 0 1 5 4 20 3 30 2 40 1 45 1 47 1 50 3 60 1 80 1 100 13 Sysmiss 580 Application To Obtain A Water Connection Submitted Over The Last 2 Years 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 18 2 No 594 When You Applied For A Water Connection, Was An Informal Gift/Payment Requested? 18 594 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 6 2 No 12 Sysmiss 594 Did You Experience Insufficient Water Supply For Production In Last FY? 612 -7 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -7 The establishment does not use water for production 185 1 Yes 64 2 No 363 Last FY, Establishment Shared: Equipment/Tools 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 56 2 No 556 Last FY, Establishment Shared: Machineries 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1 Yes 30 2 No 580 Establishment Presently Uses: Internet 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 146 2 No 465 Establishment Presently Uses: Social Media 147 465 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 70 2 No 77 Sysmiss 465 Establishment Presently Uses: Platforms To Sell Only 147 465 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 37 2 No 110 Sysmiss 465 Establishment Presently Uses: Platforms To Buy Only 147 465 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 26 2 No 121 Sysmiss 465 Establisment start/increase business activity online due to COVID-19? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 55 2 No 557 Establisment changed business location due to COVID-19? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 36 2 No 576 Establisment changed products sold or services rendered due to COVID-19? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 60 2 No 552 Establisment adapted no contact/contactless sales method due to COVID-19? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 100 2 No 511 How Much of An Obstacle: Electricity To Operations of This Establishment? 612 -7 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -7 Does not apply 34 0 No obstacle 238 1 Minor obstacle 113 2 Moderate obstacle 90 3 Major obstacle 75 4 Very severe obstacle 62 Establishment'S Main Product/Service Last FY 612 1 6 1 Manufacturing of 117 2 Retail trade of 297 3 Wholesale trade of 34 4 Construction of 6 5 Hotel or restaurant 58 6 Provide services of 100 Main Product/Service (By The Largest % of Annual Sales) In Last Fiscal Year 612 In Last Fiscal Year, What Were This Establishment’S Total Annual Sales? 612 -9 288000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 57 Please Also Write Out The NuMGber 612 Change in sales for the last month compared with January 2020 612 -9 3 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 8 1 Increase 116 2 Remain the same 173 3 Decrease 315 Increased by how much, percent 116 496 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 7 1 1 4 1 5 5 10 11 12 2 15 6 20 16 25 4 30 14 35 5 40 3 45 1 50 8 55 1 58 1 60 14 70 6 75 2 80 3 100 5 Sysmiss 496 Decreased by how much, percent 315 297 2 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 2 2 3 3 4 1 5 7 10 26 12 1 15 5 20 30 25 6 30 28 32 1 35 5 40 24 43 1 45 4 48 1 50 103 60 21 65 1 70 8 72 1 75 10 80 9 90 7 99 1 100 9 Sysmiss 297 What Were The Establishment Sales 3 Years Ago 612 -9 50000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 61 -7 Establishment was not in business in Fiscal Year 60 Does This Business Sell or Provide Services To Other Businesses? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 179 2 No 432 Last FY, Did This Business Export Directly or Indirectly? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 10 1 Yes 17 2 No 585 % of Material Inputs And Supplies of Domestic origin In Last Fiscal Year 612 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 8 0 38 1 2 2 2 10 6 20 7 30 8 40 5 50 17 60 5 70 4 75 3 80 5 90 6 98 1 99 2 100 493 % of Material Inputs And Supplies of Foreign origin In Last Fiscal Year 612 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 8 0 493 1 2 2 1 10 6 20 5 25 3 30 4 40 5 50 17 60 5 70 8 80 7 90 6 98 2 99 2 100 38 Last Month, What Were This Establishment’s Total Sales? 612 -9 25000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 51 Regular Month Last Year, What Were This Establishment’s Sales? 612 -9 30000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 48 What Were This Establishment’s Sales In Month With Lowest Sales Last Year? 612 -9 17000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 53 What Were This Establishment’s Sales In Month With Lowest Sales Last Year? 612 -9 70000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 68 Visited Competitors To See What Products They Have Available For Sale 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 255 2 No 356 Asked Customers Whether Any Other Products This Establishment Sell Or Produce 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1 Yes 248 2 No 362 Talked With Former Customers To Find Out Why They Have Stopped Buying 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 224 2 No 387 Used Any Special offer To Attract Customers 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 221 2 No 391 Asked Suppliers Which Products Are Selling Well 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 250 2 No 361 Attempted To Negotiate With Supplier For A Lower Price 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 -7 Does not apply 0 1 Yes 287 2 No 322 Frequency This Business Or Activity Runs Out of Stock of Inventories Or Raw Mate 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 26 1 Never, it always has enough on hand 203 2 Rarely 197 3 Sometimes 144 4 Frequently, at least once every three months 42 Has A Written Budget For Montly Costs 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 306 2 No 305 Has A Target For Sales Over The Next Year 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 9 1 Yes 474 2 No 129 Frequently This Business Or Activity Compares Actual Sales To Target 474 138 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 1 Never or do not compare 65 2 Once a year or less frequent 179 3 Two or three times a year 77 4 Monthly or more often 148 Sysmiss 138 Made A Budget of The Costs For Next Year 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 8 1 Yes 258 2 No 346 Prepares A Profit And Loss State At Least Once A Year 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 1 Yes 391 2 No 218 Does This Establishment Compete Against Unregistered or Informal Firms? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 8 1 Yes 403 2 No 201 How Much of An Obstacle: Practices of Competitors In Informal Sector? 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 6 -7 Does not apply 19 0 No obstacle 150 1 Minor obstacle 101 2 Moderate obstacle 108 3 Major obstacle 143 4 Very severe obstacle 85 NuMGber of Hours Per Week Operated By The Establishment In Last Fiscal Year 612 -9 168 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 6 6 1 8 7 9 2 10 11 11 1 12 4 14 1 15 2 16 1 18 3 20 3 24 1 25 1 28 6 30 7 35 8 36 14 40 11 42 17 45 4 48 76 49 5 50 16 52 9 54 24 55 4 56 16 57 1 58 5 59 1 60 46 62 2 63 7 64 5 65 6 66 18 70 32 71 1 72 35 73 1 75 3 77 17 78 23 79 1 80 11 82 3 84 37 85 1 86 2 87 1 88 1 90 14 91 11 96 5 98 10 100 8 102 4 105 7 108 6 112 7 120 4 126 3 144 2 146 2 156 1 164 1 168 6 Did Establishment Close Temporarily Due to COVID-19 Outbreak? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 1 Yes 304 2 No 305 Weeks this establishment was closed for due to the COVID-19 outbreak 304 308 -9 36 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 31 1 13 2 28 3 18 4 46 5 5 6 22 7 4 8 28 9 1 10 5 11 1 12 41 14 1 15 1 16 10 18 2 20 17 24 18 25 6 26 1 32 2 36 3 Sysmiss 308 Applic. To Obtain A Construction-Related Permit Submitted Over The Last 2 Years 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 45 2 No 566 Informal Gift/Payment Expected or Requested For A Construction-Related Permit 45 567 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 12 2 No 31 Sysmiss 567 What Is The Total Selling Area In This Establishment? 303 309 -9 20000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 113 1 9 2 18 3 9 4 15 5 15 6 14 7 6 8 6 9 13 10 9 12 10 13 1 14 1 15 7 16 4 18 2 20 8 22 1 24 2 25 5 26 1 28 1 30 5 32 1 36 2 40 7 42 1 43 1 45 2 48 1 50 3 60 1 80 2 84 1 90 1 100 1 300 1 900 1 1200 1 20000 1 Sysmiss 309 The Area Is Measured In: 190 422 1 3 1 Square Feet 9 2 Square Yards 4 3 Square Meters 177 4 Other 0 Sysmiss 422 Specify Other Units (If Not Included Above) The Area Is Measured In 612 How Much of An Obstacle: Access To Land? 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 -7 Does not apply 50 0 No obstacle 271 1 Minor obstacle 97 2 Moderate obstacle 86 3 Major obstacle 60 4 Very severe obstacle 46 In Last FY, Did This Establishment Pay For Security? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 160 2 No 452 Percentage of Total Annual Sales Paid For Security In Last Fiscal Year 87 525 -9 40 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 16 1 23 2 1 3 4 4 3 5 6 10 13 12 1 14 1 15 2 20 8 25 1 30 6 40 2 Sysmiss 525 In Last Fiscal Year, What Is The Total Annual Cost of Security? 73 539 4 2400000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 4 1 6 1 20 1 24 3 34 1 36 1 48 1 50 2 80 2 96 1 98 1 100 3 120 3 140 1 168 1 200 4 240 5 288 1 300 2 365 1 480 1 600 2 720 2 840 4 960 1 1000 2 1200 9 1440 1 1800 1 2000 1 2160 1 2400 2 3200 1 3600 1 4000 1 6240 1 8400 1 9000 1 720000 1 1200000 1 1320000 1 2400000 1 Sysmiss 539 Losses Due To Theft, Robbery, Vandalism or Arson Experienced In Last Fiscal Year 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 160 2 No 451 Losses Due To Theft, Robbery, Vandalism or Arson In Last FY (% of Sales) 96 516 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 1 8 2 5 5 5 7 1 8 1 10 20 15 6 20 10 25 2 30 7 40 4 50 10 60 2 75 3 80 5 100 2 Sysmiss 516 Value of Losses Due To Theft, Robbery, Vandalism or Arson In Last FY 64 548 20 1200000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 20 1 50 2 100 4 120 4 140 1 170 1 175 1 200 1 210 1 240 1 260 1 300 1 350 1 400 1 500 3 600 6 800 1 1000 8 1250 1 1500 1 1900 1 2000 2 3000 2 3500 1 4000 1 4500 1 5200 1 6000 1 8000 1 8400 1 10000 1 12000 1 14600 1 26000 1 28000 1 60000 1 300000 1 600000 1 800000 1 1000000 1 1200000 1 Sysmiss 548 How Much of An Obstacle: Crime, Theft And Disorder? 612 -7 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -7 Does not apply 20 0 No obstacle 172 1 Minor obstacle 155 2 Moderate obstacle 86 3 Major obstacle 100 4 Very severe obstacle 79 Financial Source For Day-To-Day Operations: Moneylenders 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 55 2 No 557 Financial Source For Day-To-Day Operations: Microfinance Institutions or Non-ban 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 69 2 No 542 Financial Source For Day-To-Day Operations: Banks 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 34 2 No 578 Financial Source For Day-To-Day Operations: Friends Or Relatives 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 118 2 No 494 Last FY, Bought Inputs On Credit? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 145 2 No 466 Last FY, Received Advances From Customers? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 144 2 No 468 Last FY, Sold Goods or Services On Credit? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 214 2 No 398 Last FY, Bought Any Machinery Or Equipment, Vehicles Or Other Means of Transport 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 1 Yes 119 2 No 490 119 493 -9 20000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 6 -7 Does not apply 13 10 1 40 1 50 2 70 1 90 1 100 3 150 2 170 1 180 1 200 3 250 2 300 4 400 3 450 1 495 1 500 11 540 1 600 2 700 3 850 1 900 1 1000 8 1200 1 1400 2 1600 3 1700 1 2000 6 2100 1 2700 2 3000 1 3500 1 4000 4 4400 1 4500 1 5000 2 6000 2 7000 2 10000 3 13000 1 20000 1 24000 1 25000 1 50000 1 100000 1 240000 1 700000 1 1000000 1 2000000 1 3000000 1 4600000 1 20000000 1 Sysmiss 493 119 493 -9 430000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 -7 Does not apply 79 160 1 600 3 900 1 1400 1 1600 1 1680 1 1700 1 2000 1 5000 1 6000 1 9000 7 10000 5 15000 1 16000 1 18000 1 20000 1 25000 1 30000 1 70000 1 120000 1 150000 2 430000 1 Sysmiss 493 Last FY, Financed Purchase of Machinery / Equipment / Vehicles By: Moneylenders 119 493 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 3 2 No 116 Sysmiss 493 Last FY, Financed Purchase of Machinery / Equipment / Vehicles By: Microfinance 119 493 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 15 2 No 104 Sysmiss 493 Last FY, Financed Purchase of Machinery / Equipment / Vehicles By: Banks 119 493 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 11 2 No 108 Sysmiss 493 Last FY, Financed Purchase of Machinery / Equipment / Vehicles By: Friends Or Re 119 493 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 16 2 No 103 Sysmiss 493 Establishment Presently Has Checking / Savings Account 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 142 2 No 469 Owner uses a separate bank account for the household? 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 233 2 No 379 Uses Mobile Money 612 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 363 2 No 249 Uses Mobile Money To Pay Suppliers 363 249 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 215 2 No 148 Sysmiss 249 Uses Mobile Money To Save 363 249 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 240 2 No 123 Sysmiss 249 Uses Mobile Money To Pay Utiility Bills 363 249 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 Yes 50 2 No 312 Sysmiss 249 Uses Mobile Money To Receive Payments From Customers 363 249 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 255 2 No 108 Sysmiss 249 Uses Mobile Money To Pay Loans 363 249 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 140 2 No 223 Sysmiss 249 Establishment Has A Line of Credit or Loan From A Financial Institution? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1 Yes 50 2 No 560 Type of Financial Institution That Granted The Line of Credit or Loan 50 562 1 3 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Private commercial banks 22 2 State-owned banks or government agency 0 3 Non-bank financial institutions 28 4 Other 0 Sysmiss 562 Financing Required For The Most Recent Line of Credit or Loan 50 562 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 46 2 No 4 Sysmiss 562 Type of Collateral Required For The Most Recent Loan? Land, Buildings 46 566 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 1 Yes 16 2 No 27 Sysmiss 566 Type of Collateral Required For The Most Recent Loan? Equipment 46 566 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1 Yes 24 2 No 20 Sysmiss 566 Type of Collateral Required For The Most Recent Loan? Accounts 46 566 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 4 1 Yes 2 2 No 40 Sysmiss 566 Type of Collateral Required For The Most Recent Loan? Personal Assets 46 566 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1 Yes 37 2 No 7 Sysmiss 566 Type of Collateral Required For The Most Recent Loan? Other 46 566 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 1 Yes 7 2 No 34 Sysmiss 566 Outstanding Personal Loans Used To Finance Establishment'S Business Activities? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 1 Yes 125 2 No 482 In Last FY, Did Establishment Apply For New Loans/Lines of Credit? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 27 1 Yes 66 2 No 519 Main Reason For Not Applying For New Loans or New Lines of Credit 519 93 1 7 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 1 No need for a loan - establishment had sufficient capital 185 2 Application procedures were complex 84 3 Interest rates were not favorable 118 4 Collateral requirements were too high 69 5 Size of loan and maturity were insufficient 5 6 Did not think it would be approved 16 7 Other 42 Sysmiss 93 What Was The Outcome of That Most Recent Application For Loan/Line of Credit? 66 546 -9 3 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -6 Still in process 2 1 Application was approved in full 37 2 Application was approved in part 21 3 Application was rejected 5 4 Application was withdrawn 0 Sysmiss 546 The Court System Is Fair, Impartial And Uncorrupted 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 18 -7 Does not apply 28 1 Strongly disagree 355 2 Tend to disagree 149 3 Tend to agree 34 4 Strongly agree 28 What % of Senior Management Time Was Spent In Dealing With Govt Regulations? 612 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 35 0 No time was spent 372 1 36 2 7 3 2 4 7 5 21 6 2 8 1 10 34 15 5 16 2 17 1 18 1 20 23 24 2 25 1 30 10 40 6 47 1 50 9 53 1 60 1 70 1 75 2 80 4 90 2 95 1 99 1 100 21 Over The Last 12 Months, Was This Establishment Inspected By Tax officials? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 1 Yes 257 2 No 353 In Any of These Inspections Was A Gift/Informal Payment Requested ? 257 355 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 4 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 9 1 Yes 41 2 No 203 Sysmiss 355 Application To Obtain An Import License Submitted Over The Last 2 Years? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 1 Yes 14 2 No 593 When You Applied For An Import License, Was An Informal Gift/Payment Requested? 14 598 1 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 0 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 0 1 Yes 1 2 No 13 Sysmiss 598 Application To Obtain An Operating License Submitted Over Last 2 Years? 612 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 4 1 Yes 15 2 No 593 How Many Days Did It Take To Obtain Your Operating License? 15 597 -9 520 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -6 Still in process 1 -5 Application denied 1 1 One day or less 2 3 5 4 1 15 1 30 1 90 1 520 1 Sysmiss 597 When You Applied For Operating License Was An Informal Gift/Payment Requested? 15 597 -9 2 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 3 1 Yes 1 2 No 10 Sysmiss 597 What % of Labor Costs Do Establishments Like This One Report? 612 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 165 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 92 0 55 1 6 2 4 3 2 4 2 5 8 10 9 15 2 20 29 25 5 30 22 35 2 36 1 40 18 45 1 50 34 60 1 70 3 75 5 80 7 90 6 95 1 99 1 100 131 Num. Permanent, Full-Time Employees At End of Last Fiscal Year 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 1 132 2 181 3 156 4 142 Num. Permanent, Full-Time Employees At End of 3 Fiscal Years Ago 612 -9 21 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 1 -7 Establishment was not in business 62 0 1 1 116 2 160 3 128 4 131 5 5 6 2 9 1 10 2 14 1 15 1 21 1 Num. Full-Time Employees At End of Last FY: Female 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 8 0 191 1 252 2 113 3 33 4 15 Num. Full-Time Temporary Employees At End of Last FY 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 10 0 No full-time seasonal or temporary workers 497 1 69 2 32 3 3 4 1 Female Temporary, Full-Time Workers Employed Throughout Last FY 105 507 -9 -9 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 105 Sysmiss 507 Avg. Length of Employment of All Full-Time Temporary Employees In Last FY 105 507 -9 12 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 11 1 One month or less 32 2 12 3 11 4 5 5 3 6 11 7 6 8 7 10 1 12 6 Sysmiss 507 Num. of People Who Worked Last Month 612 -9 21 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 4 0 2 1 114 2 164 3 140 4 146 5 13 6 12 7 6 8 1 9 2 10 1 11 1 12 1 14 2 15 1 20 1 21 1 Regular Month Last Year, NuMGber of People Working in This Business? 612 -9 37 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 4 0 3 1 104 2 168 3 138 4 147 5 17 6 14 7 5 8 3 9 3 10 1 11 1 12 2 21 1 37 1 Month Last Year With Highest NuMGber Of Workers, How Many People Working in This 612 -9 45 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 0 2 1 96 2 145 3 133 4 147 5 28 6 22 7 15 8 4 9 2 10 3 11 1 12 3 14 4 15 1 17 1 22 1 30 1 45 1 Month Last Year With Lowest NuMGber Of Workers, How Many People Working in This 612 -9 15 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 2 0 2 1 178 2 178 3 121 4 104 5 6 6 12 7 4 8 1 9 1 11 1 12 1 15 1 How Much of An Obstacle: Labor Regulations? 612 -9 4 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 34 -7 Does not apply 47 0 No obstacle 323 1 Minor obstacle 117 2 Moderate obstacle 61 3 Major obstacle 17 4 Very severe obstacle 13 What % of labor cost does this establishment report for the purposes of payroll 612 -9 100 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 132 -8 Refusal (spontaneous) 108 0 85 1 3 2 10 3 6 4 1 5 5 6 1 10 9 15 1 20 29 25 2 30 33 35 2 36 1 40 15 50 26 60 4 70 1 75 4 80 10 90 6 100 118 Biggest Obstacle Affecting The Operation of This Establishment 612 -9 15 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 5 -7 Does not apply 11 1 Access to finance 261 2 Access to land 10 3 Business licensing and permits 10 4 Corruption 32 5 Courts 0 6 Crime, theft and disorder 68 7 Customs and trade regulations 13 8 Electricity 54 9 Inadequately educated workforce 10 10 Labor regulations 11 11 Political instability 56 12 Practices of competitors in the informal sector 34 13 Tax administration 15 14 Tax rates 4 15 Transport 18 m1a: Position of Access to Finance 612 1 15 1 26 2 39 3 47 4 39 5 40 6 46 7 36 8 36 9 26 10 37 11 66 12 50 13 55 14 38 15 31 m1a: Position of Access to land 612 1 15 1 44 2 35 3 31 4 33 5 38 6 40 7 36 8 25 9 33 10 45 11 68 12 60 13 47 14 40 15 37 m1a: Position of Business licensing and permits 612 1 15 1 60 2 35 3 41 4 43 5 34 6 33 7 18 8 32 9 41 10 43 11 58 12 61 13 49 14 33 15 31 m1a: Position of corruption 612 1 15 1 38 2 30 3 42 4 33 5 31 6 33 7 41 8 33 9 31 10 33 11 57 12 78 13 48 14 43 15 41 m1a: Position of Courts 612 1 15 1 56 2 31 3 31 4 32 5 29 6 24 7 41 8 40 9 41 10 32 11 74 12 52 13 49 14 45 15 35 m1a: Position of Crime, theft and disorder 612 1 15 1 42 2 43 3 36 4 29 5 36 6 32 7 33 8 29 9 32 10 37 11 59 12 58 13 37 14 62 15 47 m1a: Position of Customs and trade regulations 612 1 15 1 39 2 40 3 42 4 37 5 44 6 32 7 30 8 38 9 37 10 29 11 53 12 50 13 56 14 46 15 39 m1a: Position of Electricity 612 1 15 1 14 2 41 3 40 4 48 5 41 6 36 7 47 8 29 9 23 10 44 11 60 12 49 13 51 14 43 15 46 m1a: Position of Inadequately educated workforce 612 1 15 1 14 2 43 3 38 4 36 5 31 6 27 7 42 8 59 9 37 10 30 11 62 12 43 13 59 14 54 15 37 m1a: Position of Labor regulations 612 1 15 1 19 2 28 3 23 4 35 5 40 6 53 7 48 8 46 9 51 10 30 11 55 12 57 13 53 14 43 15 31 m1a: Position of Political instability 612 1 15 1 42 2 33 3 46 4 31 5 31 6 46 7 44 8 41 9 47 10 49 12 54 13 52 14 46 15 50 m1a: Position of Practices of competitors in the informal sector 612 1 15 1 46 2 47 3 41 4 49 5 51 6 36 7 37 8 42 9 48 10 41 13 56 14 66 15 52 m1a: Position of Tax administration 612 1 15 1 58 2 56 3 38 4 57 5 51 6 47 7 47 8 44 9 59 10 46 14 53 15 56 m1a: Position of Tax rates 612 1 15 1 56 2 60 3 53 4 56 5 55 6 55 7 49 8 52 9 44 10 53 15 79 m1a: Position of Transport 612 1 10 1 58 2 51 3 63 4 54 5 60 6 72 7 63 8 66 9 62 10 63 Total Labor Cost (Incl. Wages, Salaries, Bonuses, Etc) In Last Fiscal Year 433 179 -9 20000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 40 Sysmiss 179 Cost of Raw Materials And Intermediate Goods Used In Prod. In Last Fiscal Year 96 516 -9 10800000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 23 0 1 100 3 200 5 300 7 400 4 405 1 480 1 500 2 600 1 800 1 900 1 1000 4 1200 2 1320 1 1800 1 2000 4 2400 1 3000 1 3600 1 4000 3 4200 1 5000 2 6000 2 9600 1 9840 1 10000 1 10800 1 15000 1 18000 1 20000 2 24000 1 25000 1 30000 1 38000 1 50000 1 53000 1 60000 1 80000 1 90000 1 180000 1 200000 1 600000 1 1500000 1 2400000 1 10800000 1 Sysmiss 516 Total Labor Cost (Incl. Wages, Salaries, Bonuses, Etc) Last Month 179 433 -9 1340000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 46 0 26 20 1 34 1 50 2 60 3 70 1 100 6 120 10 150 6 160 1 170 1 180 1 200 7 240 1 244 1 250 2 260 1 300 5 350 2 400 5 480 1 500 2 535 1 600 2 720 3 900 2 960 1 1000 2 1200 1 1300 1 1500 2 1600 1 1800 2 1880 1 2000 1 2400 3 3000 2 3600 4 4500 1 4800 2 5000 1 5400 3 8000 2 8200 1 10000 1 18000 1 20000 1 240000 1 480000 1 600000 1 800000 1 1340000 1 Sysmiss 433 Cost of Raw Materials And Intermediate Goods Used In Prod. Last Month 23 589 -9 6000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 3 0 4 35 1 150 1 200 1 220 1 230 1 300 1 600 1 1000 1 1600 1 2400 1 3000 1 5000 1 500000 1 2880000 1 4000000 1 6000000 1 Sysmiss 589 Cost For Establishment To Re-Purchase All of Its Machinery 612 -9 80000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 192 0 49 3 1 50 1 100 13 120 2 200 9 250 1 300 9 400 4 450 1 480 1 500 11 600 4 670 1 700 2 765 1 800 4 900 3 975 1 1000 26 1050 1 1200 6 1300 1 1440 1 1500 4 1600 2 2000 23 2200 1 2400 3 2700 2 3000 12 3800 1 4000 9 4400 1 4600 1 5000 11 5400 1 6000 3 7000 9 8000 7 9000 7 10000 35 11400 1 12000 7 13000 2 14000 2 15000 7 15200 1 16000 4 18000 2 20000 27 24000 3 25000 2 30000 13 35000 2 40000 7 43200 1 45000 1 50000 7 60000 8 70000 3 80000 1 83000 1 85000 1 100000 2 200000 6 225000 1 500000 1 600000 1 1000000 2 4000000 1 4200000 1 5000000 1 8000000 1 10000000 3 12000000 1 16000000 1 20000000 3 25000000 1 30000000 2 36000000 1 40000000 1 60000000 1 80000000 1 Cost of Finished Goods and Materials for Resale Last Month? 612 -9 400000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 155 Current Value of Inventory? 612 -9 700000000 -9 Don't know (spontaneous) 253 Day 612 1 31 1 20 2 19 3 18 4 13 5 22 6 16 7 31 8 24 9 17 10 16 11 25 12 24 13 22 14 30 15 25 16 28 17 24 18 15 19 24 20 24 21 32 22 23 23 22 24 12 25 13 26 16 27 13 28 17 29 5 30 13 31 9 Month 612 5 11 5 95 6 152 7 160 8 124 9 42 10 22 11 17 Year 612 2022 2022 2022 612 Hour 612 6 21 6 1 7 4 8 10 9 48 10 72 11 80 12 71 13 48 14 48 15 67 16 65 17 55 18 27 19 11 20 2 21 3 Minutes 612 0 59 Perception of The Questions Regarding Opinions And Perceptions 612 1 2 1 Truthful 459 2 Somewhat truthful 153 3 Not truthful 0 Responses To The Questions About Figures Are… 612 1 4 1 Are taken directly from establishment records 108 2 Are estimates computed with some precision 417 3 Are arbitrary and unreliable nuMGbers 70 4 Are in some case taken from books and in some case estimates 17 This Questionnaire Was Completed In: 612 1 3 1 One visit in face-to-face interview with one person 608 2 One visit in face-to-face interview with different managers/staff 3 3 Several visits 1 If Option 2 or 3 In A.18, Estimate Duration of The Whole Interview: Hours 4 608 0 1 0 1 1 3 Sysmiss 608 If Option 2 or 3 In A.18, Estimate Duration of The Whole Interview: Minutes 4 608 0 45 0 1 10 1 45 2 Sysmiss 608 Supervisor NuMGber 612 1111 14441 1111 23 2222 60 3333 77 4444 37 5555 89 6666 90 7777 22 8888 14 9999 76 12221 69 14441 55 Main Product/Service ISIC (Rev. 3.1) Code 612 1513 7290 stratificationregioncode 612 1 8 1 Analamanga 126 2 Anosy 77 3 Atsimo Andrefana 71 4 Atsinanana 68 5 Boeni 55 6 Diana 90 7 Sava 90 8 Vakinakaratra 35 stratificationsizecode 612 0 0 Micro (1-4) 612 stratificationsectorcode 612 1 7 1 Food 66 2 Garments 68 3 Other Manufacturing 58 4 Retail 169 5 Wholesale 79 6 Other Services 156 7 Garments and Other Manufacturing 16 panelcode 612 0 0 Fresh 612 1 Panel 0 Weight according to strict eligibility 612 1 1980.97143554688 Weight according to median eligibility 612 1 1998.03662109375 Weight according to weak eligibility 612 1 2082.71215820312 see notes 612 1 49 1 25 2 20 3 4 4 19 5 7 6 51 7 4 8 2 9 13 10 22 11 17 12 19 13 7 14 12 15 7 16 20 17 15 18 10 19 6 20 6 21 9 22 20 23 12 24 15 25 4 26 9 27 8 28 18 29 4 30 12 31 11 32 12 33 11 34 27 35 9 36 20 37 4 38 1 39 4 40 30 41 13 42 22 43 16 44 5 45 6 46 2 47 13 48 2 49 7