<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<codeBook version="2.5" ID="ECA_2024_MMSEE_v01_M" xml-lang="en" xmlns="ddi:codebook:2_5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="ddi:codebook:2_5 https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-Codebook/2.5/XMLSchema/codebook.xsd">
<docDscr>
  <citation>
    <titlStmt>
      <IDNo>DDI_ECA_2024_MMSEE_v01_M</IDNo>
    </titlStmt>
    <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="UNHCR" affiliation="UN" role="Metadata producer">
          UN Refugee Agency
        </producer>
        <producer abbr="DECDG" affiliation="The World Bank" role="Metadata adapted for World Bank Microdata Library">
          Development Data Group
        </producer>
      <prodDate date="2025-06-20">2025-06-20</prodDate>
      <software version="v5">NADA</software>
    </prodStmt>
    <verStmt>
        <version>
          Identical to a metadata (UNHCR_EU_2024_MixedMovements_SEE) published on UNHCR catalog (https://microdata.unhcr.org/index.php/home). Some of the metadata fields have been edited.
        </version>
    </verStmt>
  </citation>
</docDscr>
<stdyDscr>
  <citation>
    <titlStmt>
      <titl>Mixed Movements in South-Eastern Europe 2024</titl>
        <altTitl>
          MMSEE 2024
        </altTitl>
      <IDNo>ECA_2024_MMSEE_v01_M</IDNo>
    </titlStmt>
    <rspStmt>
      <AuthEnty affiliation="UN">UN Refugee Agency</AuthEnty>
    </rspStmt>
    <prodStmt>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Caritas Albania</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Refugees and Migrant Services in Albania</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Bulgarian Helsinki Committee</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Vaša Prava BiH</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Bosnia and Herzegovina Women’s Initiative</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Croatian Red Cross</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Civil Rights Program Kosovo</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Civic Alliance</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">MYLA</producer>
      <producer abbr="" affiliation="" role="">Romanian National Council for Refugees</producer>
      <software version="beta" date="2025-07-02">MetadataEditor</software>
    </prodStmt>
    <distStmt>
      <contact affiliation="UNHCR" URI="" email="dencomdl@unhcr.org">Curation team</contact>
    </distStmt>
    <serStmt>
      <serName>Other Household Survey [hh/oth]</serName>
    </serStmt>
    <verStmt>
      <version date="2025-05-08">Version 2.1: Edited, cleaned and anonymised data.</version>
    </verStmt>
  </citation>
  <stdyInfo>
    <subject>
      <keyword vocab="" vocabURI="">Mixed movements</keyword>
      <keyword vocab="" vocabURI="">Protection monitoring</keyword>
      <keyword vocab="" vocabURI="">Migration</keyword>
      <keyword vocab="" vocabURI="">Asylum</keyword>
      <keyword vocab="" vocabURI="">Refugees</keyword>
      <topcClas vocab="" vocabURI="">Protection</topcClas>
      <topcClas vocab="" vocabURI="">Legal Assistance</topcClas>
    </subject>
    <abstract><![CDATA[Mixed movements in South-Eastern Europe represent a complex interplay of mobility patterns involving refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants. The region serves as both a transit area and destination for groups fleeing conflict or seeking better opportunities. In the first eight months of 2024, UNHCR and partners conducted 3,237 interviews across Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo*, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, and Serbia to better understand the profiles, needs, and experiences of people in mixed movements. This dataset supports protection monitoring efforts and contributes to improved policy and response planning.]]></abstract>
    <sumDscr>
      <collDate date="2024-01-01" event="start" cycle=""/>
      <collDate date="2024-08-31" event="end" cycle=""/>
      <nation abbr="ALB">Albania</nation>
      <nation abbr="BIH">Bosnia-Herzegovina</nation>
      <nation abbr="BGR">Bulgaria</nation>
      <nation abbr="HRV">Croatia</nation>
      <nation abbr="MNE">Montenegro</nation>
      <nation abbr="MKD">North Macedonia</nation>
      <nation abbr="ROU">Romania</nation>
      <nation abbr="SRB">Serbia</nation>
      <anlyUnit><![CDATA[Household]]></anlyUnit>
      <dataKind>Sample survey data [ssd]</dataKind>
    </sumDscr>
    <notes><![CDATA[The scope includes: 
- demographics 
- arrival and movement history 
- accommodation 
- access to services 
- legal and protection status 
- priority needs and onward movement drivers]]></notes>
  </stdyInfo>
  <method>
    <dataColl>
      <dataCollector abbr="UNHCR" affiliation="UN">UN Refugee Agency</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Caritas Albania</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Refugees and Migrant Services in Albania</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Bulgarian Helsinki Committee</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Vaša Prava BiH</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Bosnia and Herzegovina Women’s Initiative</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Croatian Red Cross</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Civil Rights Program Kosovo</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Civic Alliance</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">MYLA</dataCollector>
      <dataCollector abbr="" role="" affiliation="">Romanian National Council for Refugees</dataCollector>
      <sampProc><![CDATA[Non-probability sampling. Convenience-based selection at key reception, transit, and asylum centers. Enumerators sought to diversify locations and randomly select respondents at each site.]]></sampProc>
      <collMode>Face-to-face [f2f]</collMode>
      <resInstru><![CDATA[Topics included demographic background, travel history, protection concerns, access to services, accommodation, and intentions for onward movement.]]></resInstru>
      <collSitu><![CDATA[Enumerators conducted interviews in person with individuals from mixed movement populations. Data were collected via Kobo forms and harmonized through a centralized cleaning and processing workflow. Focus groups were also conducted in selected countries.]]></collSitu>
    </dataColl>
  </method>
  <dataAccs>
    <useStmt>
      <citReq><![CDATA[UNHCR (2025). Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, FYR, Romania, Serbia: Mixed Movements in South-Eastern Europe – 2024. Accessed from: https://microdata.unhcr.org]]></citReq>
    </useStmt>
  </dataAccs>
</stdyDscr>
<fileDscr ID="hh">
  <fileTxt>
    <fileName>Households</fileName>
    <fileCont>This file contains the household data dictionary.</fileCont>
    <dimensns>
      <caseQnty>3237</caseQnty>
      <varQnty>52</varQnty>
    </dimensns>
    <dataChck></dataChck>
    <dataMsng></dataMsng>
    <verStmt>
      <version></version>
    </verStmt>
  </fileTxt>
  <notes></notes>
</fileDscr>
<dataDscr>
<var ID="hh_V1" name="pseudo_id" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>ID</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V2" name="reporting_office" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>ISO3 code of reporting office</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3082</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">155</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V3" name="interview_month" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Date of interview</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V4" name="interview_place" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Place of interview</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V5" name="reception_center" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Reception center</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">168</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">3069</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V6" name="age_group" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Age group</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3213</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">24</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V7" name="nationality" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Factor"/>
  <labl>What is your nationality?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>1</catValu>
    <labl>Afghanistan</labl>
    <catStat type="vald"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>2</catValu>
    <labl>Algeria</labl>
    <catStat type="invd"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>3</catValu>
    <labl>Egypt</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>4</catValu>
    <labl>Iran (Islamic Rep. of)</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>5</catValu>
    <labl>Iraq</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>6</catValu>
    <labl>Morocco</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>7</catValu>
    <labl>Nepal</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>8</catValu>
    <labl>Other</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>9</catValu>
    <labl>Pakistan</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>10</catValu>
    <labl>State of Palestine</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>11</catValu>
    <labl>Syrian Arab Rep.</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>12</catValu>
    <labl>Türkiye</labl>
  </catgry>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V8" name="education" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>What is the highest level of education you have attained?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V9" name="occupation" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>What was your most recent occupation/job?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3209</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">28</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V10" name="recognised_as_ref" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Recognized as refugee in previously</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V11" name="coa_where_rsd_happened" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Country where refugee status was recognized</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">127</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">3110</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V12" name="coa_rsd_iso3" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>ISO3 code of country where refugee status was recognized</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">127</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">3110</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V13" name="duration_since_leaving_coo" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>How long ago did you leave your country of origin?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V14" name="duration_since_leaving_coo_groups" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>How long ago did you leave your country of origin?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V15" name="main_reason_for_leaving_coo" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>What was the main reason for initially leaving your country of origin?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V16" name="destination_y_n" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Destination</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V17" name="duration_since_arrival" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>From which country did you start your journey</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V18" name="duration_since_arrival_groups" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>From which country did you start your journey</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V19" name="mode_of_arrival" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>How did you arrive here from your last transited country?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3225</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">12</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V20" name="number_of_attempts_to_arrive_without_success" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Number of attempts to arrive in this country without success</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V21" name="who_prevented_entry" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Who prevented your entry?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">346</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2891</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V22" name="authorities_informed_about_the_right_to_seek_asylum_during_prevention_of_en" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Did authorities inform you of your right to apply for asylum?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">270</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2967</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V23" name="told_authorities_that_s_he_wanted_seek_asylum" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Reported to authorities that s/he wanted to seek asylum</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">270</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2967</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V24" name="violence_during_revention_of_entry" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Was any form of violence or mistreatment used against you when you were prevented from entering this country?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">346</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2891</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V25" name="have_you_been_detained" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Have you been detained in this country?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">346</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2891</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V26" name="place_of_detention" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>If restriction of movements/detention, where?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">19</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">3218</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V27" name="duration_detention" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Duration of detention</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">19</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">3218</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V28" name="has_been_informed_about_the_opportunity_to_seek_asylum_in_current_country" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Have you been informed about how to apply for asylum in a language that you understand in the current country?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V29" name="applied_for_asylum_in_this_country" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Did you formally lodge an application for asylum after having expressed an intention to apply?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V30" name="is_only_intention_to_seek_asylum" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Is only intention to seek asylum</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V31" name="outcome_of_asylum" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>What was the outcome of your application?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">2278</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">959</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V32" name="outcome_of_asylum_groups" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Outcome of asylum (groups)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V33" name="the_reason_for_not_applying_for_asylum" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Why haven't you applied for asylum?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">695</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2542</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V34" name="accommodation" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Where are you currently residing?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V35" name="accommodation_safety" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Do you feel safe in your accommodation?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V36" name="freedom_of_movement_in_the_center_accommodation" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Freedom of movement in the center accommodation</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">2738</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">499</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V37" name="meal_frequency_in_the_center_accommodation" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>How many meals do you have a day?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">2818</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">419</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V38" name="legal_counselling/information_available" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Have you been provided with legal counselling/legal information?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V39" name="access_to_health" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>If need be, do you have access to health services?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V40" name="ever_been_returned_push_back" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Have you ever been returned while trying to leave this country?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V41" name="number_of_times_returned" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Number of times returned (push-back)</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">339</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2898</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V42" name="last_returned_push_back_was_from" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Which country did you try to reach?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">131</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">3106</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V43" name="last_returned_push_back_by" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>By whom were you returned?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">339</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2898</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V44" name="informed_right_to_seek_asylum_during_last_reutrn" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Before returning you, did the authorities inform you of your right to apply for asylum?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">339</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2898</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V45" name="expressed_wisht" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Did you tell authorities you wanted apply for asylum?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">259</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2978</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V46" name="violence_during_last_return_push_back" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>While being returned, was any form of violence or mistreatment used against you?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">339</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">2898</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V47" name="aware_of_voluntary_return_programme" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Which information channels do you prefer to use to receive information?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">2321</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">916</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V48" name="interested_in_voluntary_return" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Are you aware of the assisted voluntary return programme in this country?</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">2395</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">842</sumStat>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V49" name="weight" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Weight</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V50" name="estimated_minimum_duration_of_stays_days_at_the_time_of_interview" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Estimated minimum duration of stays (days) at the time of interview</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V51" name="estimated_latest_date_of_arrival" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Estimated latest date of arrival</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
<var ID="hh_V52" name="estimated_minimum_days_since_arrival" files="hh" intrvl="discrete">
  <varFormat type="Character"/>
  <labl>Estimated mimimum days since arrival</labl>
  <sumStat type="vald">3237</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
</var>
</dataDscr></codeBook>
