DDI_GBR_1871_PHC-SCT_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS Census of Scotland, 1871 IPUMS May 21, 2024 MetadataEditor Version 7.5 October 2024. NEW FEATURES. --Historical data from NAPP project now available from IPUMS-International. --Historical census data from Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1703 to 1911 are now available from IPUMS-International. The complete count and sample datasets were previously disseminated by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP). Where possible, the data have been integrated into existing IPUMS-International variable coding schema. Some new variables have been created that are available only for these pre-1960 datasets. NAPP data users should note that many NAPP variables are available from IPUMS-International by different names. For a complete list of NAPP variables that have been renamed in IPUMS-Interational, refer to the crosswalk. --Individual country shapefiles for the third-level administrative level of geography are now available for a few IPUMS samples. --New spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS now hosts the Census Mosaic data collection. Census Mosaic identifies, gathers, harmonizes, and distributes surviving historical census microdata from regions of Continental Europe where complete centralized records are not available. The Mosaic project was founded by a consortium of historical social scientists in Europe. Data can be downloaded as static files from the Census Mosaic website. Although the data are not yet integrated fully into IPUMS International, variables have been standardized and harmonized to be roughly compatible with IPUMS coding structures. NEW SAMPLES. --Full-count datasets for Great Britain 1851, 1861, 1871 (Scotland only), 1891, and 1901. --Full-count dataset for Sweden 1910. Denmark (1845, 1880, and 1885) --Labor force surveys from Spain and eight new labor force surveys from Italy added to the series. Newly added countries: Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, Laos, Lesotho, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Slovak Republic, Suriname, Togo, and Zimbabwe New samples for: Bolivia, Cambodia, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt (1848 and 1868, historical samples), Fiji, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lao PDR, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, United States, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Data from censuses from Benin and Lesotho that record individual fertility and/or mortality events were made available in IPUMS-International. These files can be downloaded and linked to data produced by the extract system. NEW VARIABLES. --IPUMS-International now provides harmonized and year-specific geography variables for all countries including 13 new samples from Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Uruguay. First-level and second-level year specific geography variables are also available for all countries. IPUMS provides corresponding, downloadable GIS boundary files for all harmonized and year specific geography variables. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography. The codes for the spatially harmonized previous-residence variables match the spatially harmonized place of current residence. More information is available here. --IPUMS International provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples; previously available country-specific migration variables at the first administrative level that were not fully harmonized spatially have been phased out. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for selected samples. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --Lower (third) level geography codes and GIS files have been added for Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Mali, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Some geography codes and labels might have changed for these countries to accommodate the newer lower level geography. --Added more detailed 3-digit industry and occupation variables for China 2000. EDITED SAMPLES. --Revised full-count data for Great Britain 1881 --Revised full-count datasets for Sweden 1890 and 1900. The revision includes the following changes that improve comparability across Sweden datasets: --Revisions to certain ethnicity and work variables (and the underlying source data): ORIGIN, LABFORCE, OCCHISCO, OCRELATE, OCSTATUS. --Revisions to unharmonized source variables: SE1890A_HISCOSE, SE1890A_HISCRELSE, SE1890A_HISCSTATSE, SE1890A_OCCMULTISE, SE1900A_HISCOSE, SE1900A_HISCRELSE, SE1900A_HISCSTATSE, SE1900A_OCCMULTISE. --A new United States 1850 full-count dataset now matches the corresponding dataset distributed by the USA IPUMS data project. The source variable US1850A_0502 (HISTID) provides a linking key to match person records to the USA version of the data. The IPUMS International version of the data contains names, which the USA version cannot distribute. EDITED VARIABLES. An error affecting HHWT for South Africa 2007 was corrected. The existing values were adjusted by a factor of 0.01. AGEMARR was edited to add data for Hungary 1980 and 1990. Harmonized and year-specific geography variables for Brazil and Colombia have been edited to accommodate for the availability of refined municipal boundaries. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these two countries. Errors affecting BPLSE2 (formerly BPLPARSE) for Sweden 1890 and the underlying source variable were corrected. Several thousand cases were incorrectly coded as 258101000. These cases have been updated with the correct code: 258171000. Harmonized geography variables for Italy, Philippines, Rwanda, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. The codes for the source variable RW2002A_0419 were corrected to include 0 and 8 as possible responses, which were previously identified as 'unknown years' within primary education. Errors affecting EDUCFJ for Fiji 2006 were corrected. A problem with PERWT for Tanzania 2012 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. MOMLOC, POPLOC, and PARRULE were updated for the United States 2010 and 2015 samples to include additional information on subfamilies. Prior to this correction, persons above age 17 were not receiving links to their co-resident mothers and fathers. An error affecting codes for the URBAN variable in Egypt 1986 for Cairo, Alexandria, Port-Said, and Suez was corrected. An error in INCEARN affecting Venezuela 2001 was corrected. Earned income in the source variable VE2001A_0440 is interpreted as a monthly amount, thus adjustments previously applied to convert data from daily or weekly income were supressed. All the six Brazil samples in IPUMS International were replaced with higher density samples. An edited version of the Chile 2017 sample was introduced to correct an error in household breaks. Errors affecting codes for GEO1_ZA in South Africa 2011 and ENUTS1 in United Kingdom 1991 were corrected. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Fiji, and Nepal have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in PERWT affecting Nepal 2001 was corrected. Errors affecting a code in GQ for Brazil 2010 and Indonesia 2010 were corrected. Both census samples now identify 1-person units created by splitting a large household. An error in MARRNUM affecting Indonesia 1976 was corrected. Some codes for GEO1_EG2006 and GEO2_EG2006 were edited. Harmonized geography variables for Bolivia, Cuba, Guinea, Ireland, Morocco, Palestine, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in INCEARN affecting Brazil 1980 was corrected. An error in EDATTAIN affecting Ireland 1971 and 1981 was corrected. A small proportion of person records in Mexico 1960 were re-classified in MIGRATEP based on information about their current and previous residence. These were previously coded to 'different major administrative unit', even though their place of residence suggests that their last move was within the same major administrative unit. The second-level technician (higher) degrees for Spain 1991, 2001, and 2011 were re-classified into post-secondary technical education in EDATTAIN. An error affecting codes for SEX for Egypt 1848 and 1868 was corrected. The values for male and female had been reversed. A problem with HHWT and PERWT for Canada 2011 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mexico, Peru, Switzerland, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. Harmonized geography variables for Chile and Sierra Leone have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error affecting codes for COMPUTER for Senegal 2013 was corrected. An error affecting labels available in IND for Peru 1993 was corrected. An error affecting codes for persons previously residing abroad for MIG1_5_BO in Bolivia 2001 and 2012 was corrected. EDUCAR, EDATTAIN, and YRSCHOOL were adjusted in the Argentina samples to incorporate information on completion of education levels in the data harmonization. HHWT and PERWT were calibrated in Kenya 1979 to properly reflect the population distribution by province. In GQ (group quarters status), persons residing in hospitals of all types were reclassified to 'institutional group quarters' from 'other group quarters,' making their treatment consistent with GQTYPE. Errors affecting codes for BPLBJ2 in Benin 1979, 1992, and 2002 were corrected. Errors affecting codes for GEO2_BR1970 in Brazil 1970 were corrected. Census of Scotland, 1871 - IPUMS Subset PHC United Kingdom 1871 (100%) [Scotland] (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) GBR_1871_PHC-SCT_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS Secretary of State IPUMS (c) Copyright 1871, Secretary of State and Minnesota Population Center MetadataEditor Secretary of State Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.5 Version 7.5. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Person Imputation Flags Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Person Imputation Flags Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON United Kingdom [Scotland] Parish Persons, households, and dwellings Scotland only UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: No - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: no - Households: A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants - Group quarters: Yes All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 2, 1871 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 2,1871 but returned home on April 3, 1871 Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: United Kingdom 1871 (100%) [Scotland] Note: Scotland only MICRODATA SOURCE: Secretary of State SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 3349656. SAMPLE DESIGN: Not applicable Face-to-face [f2f] A single household form collected information on individual characteristics de facto, CENSUS DAY: April 3, 1871 Not applicable IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. Secretary of State Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.5 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.5 Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: United Kingdom [Scotland], Secretary of State. Census of Scotland, 1871 The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu. Printed matter should be sent to: IPUMS International Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota 50 Willey Hall 225 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions: IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. GBR1871_PHC-SCT-H-H Household records 743 39 GBR1871_PHC-SCT-P-H Person records 3349656 98 Record type H Household P Person RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. IPUMS Country 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Ivory Coast 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. IPUMS IPUMS sample identifier 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Ivory Coast 1988 384199801 Ivory Coast 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). IPUMS Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. IPUMS Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Group quarters (collective dwelling) status 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. IPUMS Number of unrelated persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. IPUMS Continent and region of country 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. IPUMS United Kingdom, Division 1851 - 1911 826001 London 826002 South East 826003 South Midland 826004 Eastern 826005 South Western 826006 West Midland 826007 North Midland 826008 North Western 826009 Yorkshire 826010 Northern 826012 Islands 826013 Scotland 826099 Navy and military GEO1_UK1851_1911 identifies the household's division within the United Kingdom. Each census division is made up of either complete Registration Counties or parts of Registration Counties. Divisions are the primary level of geography for the United Kingdom. Some other geography variables from 1851 to 1911 United Kingdom include, COUNTYUK, DISTUK, and SUBDISTUK. GEO1_UK1851_1911 is harmonized by name and does not take into consideration changing province boundaries. It is not mappable. IPUMS United Kingdom, Country within UK 1 England 2 Scotland 3 Wales 4 Islands in the British Seas 5 On board ship, no parish of landing 9 Unknown CNTRYUK identifies the country within United Kingdom (i.e., England, Scotland, Wales or Islands in the British Seas). These distinctions are not made in CNTRY, which is based on the UN Statistics Division codes and only identifies "Great Britain" as a single unit. IPUMS United Kingdom, County 001 London (Parts Of Middlesex, Surrey and Kent) 002 Surrey (extra London) 003 Kent (extra London) 004 Sussex 005 Hampshire 006 Berkshire 007 Middlesex (extra London) 008 Hertfordshire 009 Buckinghamshire 010 Oxford 011 Northamptonshire 012 Huntingdonshire 013 Bedfordshire 014 Cambridgeshire 015 Essex 016 Suffolk 017 Norfolk 018 Wiltshire 019 Dorset 020 Devonshire 021 Cornwall 022 Somerset 023 Gloucestershire 024 Herefordshire 025 Shropshire 026 Staffordshire 027 Worcestershire 028 Warwick 029 Leicestershire 030 Rutland 031 Lincolnshire 032 Nottinghamshire 033 Derbyshire 034 Cheshire 035 Lancashire 036 Yorkshire East Riding 038 Yorkshire North Riding 039 Yorkshire West Riding 040 Durham 041 Northumberland 042 Westmorland 043 Cumberland 044 Monmouthshire 045 Glamorganshire 046 Carmarthenshire 047 Pembrokeshire 048 Cardiganshire 049 Brecknockshire 050 Radnorshire 051 Montgomeryshire 052 Flintshire 053 Denbighshire 054 Merionethshire 055 Carnarvonshire 056 Anglesey 060 Guernsey 061 Isle of Man 062 Jersey 071 Aberdeen 072 Argyll 073 Ayr 074 Banff 075 Berwick 076 Bute 077 Caithness 078 Clackmannan 079 Dumfries 080 Dunbarton 081 Midlothian (Edinburgh) 082 Morayshire (Elgin) 083 Fife 084 Angus (Forfar) 085 East Lothian (Haddington) 086 Inverness 087 Kincardin 088 Kinross 089 Kirkudbright 090 Lanark 091 West Lothian (Linlithgow) 092 Nairn 093 Orkney 094 Peebles 095 Perth 096 Renfrew 097 Ross and Cromarty 098 Roxburgh 099 Selkirk 100 Shetland 101 Stirling 102 Sutherland 103 Wigtown 200 Abroad (military, navy, and shipping at sea) COUNTYUK identifies the registration county where the household was enumerated. Registration counties are the highest level sub-national administrative unit. Registration counties are not co-terminus with so-called ancient (or administrative) counties. In some of the samples there were households who indicated a registration county as the military abroad or on British ships of the military abroad. These households are coded within a general "Abroad" category. Registration districts (DISTUK) are the next geographic unit below registration counties in England and Wales. Registration districts are divided into subdistricts, which are contained in the variable SUBDISTUK. Registration districts in contain parishes. Registration districts contain parishes. See year-specific parish variables, PARISHUK_1851, PARISHUK_1861, etc. In Scotland and the adjacent islands in the British seas there are no subdistricts. Registration districts in Scotland contain parishes. The relationship among different historical UK geographic units is described in separate files for England and Wales and Scotland. IPUMS United Kingdom, Parish 1871 100001 Bressay 100002 Delting 100003 Dunrossness 100004 Fetlar 100005 Lerwick 100006 Mid and South Yell 100007 Nesting 100008 Northmavine 100009 Sandsting 100010 Tingwall 100011 Unst 100012 Walls 100013 Cross and Burness 100014 Evie and Rendall 100015 Firth and Stenness 100016 Harray and Birsay 100017 Holm 100018 Hoy and Graemsay 100019 Kirkwall and St Ola 100020 Lady 100021 Orphir 100022 Rousay and Egilshay 100023 St Andrews 100024 Sandwick 100025 Shapinshay 100026 South Ronaldshay 100027 Stromness 100028 Stronsay and Eday 100029 Walls and Flotta 100030 Westray and Papa Westray 100031 Bower 100032 Canisbay 100033 Dunnet 100034 Halkirk 100035 Latheron 100036 Olrig 100037 Reay 100038 Thurso 100039 Watten 100040 Wick 100041 Assynt 100042 Clyne 100043 Criech 100044 Dornoch 100045 Durness 100046 Eddrachillis 100047 Farr 100048 Golspie 100049 Kildonan 100050 Lairg 100051 Loth 100052 Reay 100053 Rogart 100054 Tongue 100055 Alness 100056 Applecross 100057 Avoch 100058 Contin 100059 Cromarty 100060 Dingwall 100061 Edderton 100062 Fearn 100063 Fodderty 100064 Gairloch 100065 Glenshiel 100066 Killearnan 100067 Kilmuir Easter 100068 Kiltearn 100069 Kincardine 100070 Kintail 100071 Knockbain 100072 Lochalsh 100073 Lochbroom 100074 Lochcarron 100075 Logie Easter 100076 Nigg 100077 Resolis or Kirkmichael 100078 Rosemarkie 100079 Rosskeen 100080 Tain 100081 Tarbat 100082 Urquhart and Logie Wester 100083 Urray 100084 Barvas 100085 Lochs 100086 Stornoway 100087 Uig 100088 Abernethy 100089 Alvie 100090 Ardersier 100091 Ardnamurchan 100092 Boleskine and Abertarff 100093 Cawdor 100094 Croy 100095 Daviot and Dunlichty 100096 Dores 100097 Duthil 100098 Glenelg 100099 Inverness 100100 Kilmalie 100101 Kilmonivaig 100102 Kilmorack 100103 Kiltarlity 100104 Kingussie and Insch 100105 Kirkhill 100106 Laggan 100107 Moy and Dalarossie 100108 Petty 100109 Urquhart and Glenmoriston 100110 Urray 100111 Barra 100112 Bracadale 100113 Duirinish 100114 Harris 100115 Kilmuir 100116 North Uist 100119 Portree 100120 Sleat 100121 Small Isles 100122 Snizort 100123 South Uist 100124 Strath 100125 Ardclach 100126 Auldearn 100127 Cawdor 100128 Croy 100129 Daviot and Dunlichty 100130 Dyke and Moy 100131 Moy and Dalarossie 100132 Nairn 100133 Petty 100134 Urquhart and Logie Wester 100135 Alves 100136 Bellie 100137 Birnie 100138 Boharm 100139 Cromdale 100140 Dallas 100141 Drainie 100142 Duffus 100143 Dyke and Moy 100144 Edinkillie 100145 Elgin 100146 Forres 100147 Inveravon 100148 Keith 100149 Kinloss 100150 Knockando 100151 New Spynie 100152 Rafford 100153 Rothes 100154 St Andrews Lhanbryde 100155 Speymouth 100156 Urquhart 100157 Aberlour 100158 Alvah 100159 Banff 100160 Bellie 100161 Boharm 100162 Botriphnie 100163 Boyndie 100164 Cabrach 100165 Cairnie 100166 Cullen 100167 Deskford 100168 Fordyce 100169 Forglen 100170 Gamrie 100171 Gartly 100172 Glass 100173 Grange 100174 Inveravon 100175 Inverkeithny 100176 Keith 100177 Kirkmichael 100178 Marnoch 100179 Mortlach 100180 New Machar 100181 Old Deer 100182 Ordiquhill 100183 Rathven 100184 Rothes 100185 Rothiemay 100186 St Fergus 100187 Old Machar 100188 St Nicholas 100189 Aberdour 100190 Aboyne and Glentanner 100191 Alford 100192 Auchindoir and Kearn 100193 Auchterless 100194 Banchory Devenick 100195 Banchory Ternan 100196 Belhelvie 100197 Birse 100198 Bourtie 100199 Cabrach 100200 Cairnie 100201 Chapel Of Garioch 100202 Clatt 100203 Cluny 100204 Coull 100205 Crathie and Braemar 100206 Crimond 100207 Cruden 100208 Culsamond 100209 Daviot 100210 Drumblade 100211 Drumoak 100212 Dyce 100213 Echt 100214 Ellon 100215 Fintray 100216 Forgue 100217 Foveran 100218 Fraserburgh 100219 Fyvie 100220 Gartly 100221 Glass 100222 Glenbucket 100223 Glenmuick, Tullich, and Glengairn 100224 Huntly 100225 Insch 100226 Inverurie 100227 Keig 100228 Keith Hall and Kinkell 100229 Kemnay 100230 Kildrummy 100231 Kincardine O'Neil 100232 King Edward 100233 Kinnellar 100234 Kinnethmont 100235 Kintore 100236 Leochel and Cushnie 100237 Leslie 100238 Logie Buchan 100239 Logie Coldstone 100240 Longside 100241 Lonmay 100242 Lumphanan 100243 Methlic 100244 Midmar 100245 Monquhitter 100246 Monymusk 100247 New Deer 100248 Newhills 100249 New Machar 100250 Old Deer 100251 Old Meldrum 100252 Oyne 100253 Peterculter 100254 Peterhead 100255 Pitsligo 100256 Premnay 100257 Rathen 100258 Rayne 100259 Rhynie 100260 Skene 100261 Slains 100262 Strathdon 100263 Strichen 100264 Tarland and Migvie 100265 Tarves 100266 Tough 100267 Towie 100268 Tullynessle and Forbes 100271 Turriff 100272 Arbuthnott 100273 Banchory Devenick 100274 Banchory Ternan 100275 Benholm 100276 Bervie 100277 Drumoak 100278 Dunnottar 100279 Durris 100280 Edzell 100281 Fettercairn 100282 Fetteresso 100283 Fordoun 100284 Garvock 100285 Glenbervie 100286 Inverbervie 100287 Laurencekirk 100288 Maryculter 100289 Marykirk 100290 Nigg 100291 St Cyrus 100292 Strachan 100293 Aberlemno 100294 Airlie 100295 Alyth 100296 Arbirlot 100297 Arbroath 100298 Auchterhouse 100299 Barry 100300 Brechin 100301 Caputh 100302 Careston 100303 Carmylie 100304 Cortachy and Clova 100305 Coupar Angus 100306 Craig 100307 Dun 100308 Dundee 100309 Liff, Benvie, and Invergowrie 100310 Dunnichen 100311 Eassie and Nevay 100312 Edzell 100313 Farnell 100314 Fearn 100315 Forfar 100316 Glammis 100317 Glenisla 100318 Guthrie 100319 Inverarity 100320 Inverkeillor 100321 Kettins 100322 Kingoldrum 100323 Kinnell 100324 Kinnettles 100325 Kirkden 100326 Kirriemuir 100327 Lethnott and Navar 100328 Lintrathen 100329 Lochlee 100330 Logie Pert 100331 Lunan 100332 Lundie and Fowlis 100333 Mains and Strathmartine 100334 Marytown 100335 Menmuir 100336 Monifieth 100337 Monikie 100338 Montrose 100339 Murroes 100340 Newtyle 100341 Oathlaw 100342 Panbride 100343 Rescobie 100344 Ruthven 100345 St Vigeans 100346 Stracathro 100347 Tannadice 100348 Tealing 100349 Aberdalgie 100350 Aberfoyle 100351 Abernethy 100352 Abernyte 100353 Alyth 100354 Ardoch 100355 Arngask 100356 Auchterarder 100357 Auchtergaven 100358 Balquhidder 100359 Bendochy 100360 Blackford 100361 Blair Athol 100362 Blairgowrie 100363 Callander 100364 Caputh 100365 Cargill 100366 Clunie 100367 Collace 100368 Comrie 100369 Coupar Angus 100370 Crieff 100371 Culross 100372 Dron 100373 Dull 100374 Dunbarney 100375 Dunblane 100376 Dunkeld and Dowally 100377 Dunning 100378 Errol 100379 Pindo Gask 100380 Forgandenny 100381 Forteviot 100382 Fortingall 100383 Fossaway and Tulliebole 100384 Fowlis Wester 100385 Glendevon 100386 Inchture 100387 Kenmore 100388 Killin 100389 Kilmadock 100390 Kilspindie 100391 Kincardine 100392 Kinclaven 100393 Kinfauns 100394 Kinnaird 100395 Kinnoull 100396 Kippen 100397 Kirkmichael 100398 Lecropt 100399 Lethendy and Kinloch 100400 Liff, Benvie, and Invergowrie 100401 Little Dunkeld 100402 Logie 100403 Logierait 100404 Longforgan 100405 Lundie and Fowlis 100406 Madderty 100407 Meigle 100408 Methven 100409 Moneydie 100410 Monzie 100411 Monzievaird and Strowan 100412 Moulin 100413 Muckart 100414 Muthill 100415 Perth East 100416 Perth Middle 100417 Perth St Paul 100418 Perth West 100419 Port Of Menteith 100420 Rattray 100421 Redgorton 100422 Rhynd 100423 St Madoe 100424 St Martin 100425 Scone 100426 Tibbermore 100427 Trinity Gask 100428 Tulliallan 100429 Weem 100430 Abbotshall 100431 Abdie 100432 Aberdour 100433 Abernethy 100434 Anstruther Easter 100435 Anstruther Wester 100436 Arngask 100437 Auchterderran 100438 Auchtermuchty 100439 Auchtertool 100440 Ballingry 100441 Balmerino 100442 Beath 100443 Burntisland 100444 Cameron 100445 Carnbee 100446 Carnock 100447 Ceres 100448 Collessie 100449 Crail 100450 Creich 100451 Cults 100452 Cupar 100453 Dairsie 100454 Dalgetty 100455 Dunbog 100456 Dunfermline 100457 Dunino 100458 Dysart 100459 Elie 100460 Falkland 100461 Ferry Port On Craig 100462 Flisk 100463 Forgan 100464 Inverkeithing 100465 Kemback 100466 Kennoway 100467 Kettle 100468 Kilconquhar 100469 Kilmany 100470 Kilrenny 100471 Kinghorn 100472 Kinglassie 100473 Kingsbarns 100474 Kirkcaldy 100475 Largo 100476 Leslie 100477 Leuchars 100478 Logie 100479 Markinch 100480 Monimail 100481 Moonzie 100482 Newburgh 100483 Newburn 100484 Pittenweem 100485 St Andrew 100486 St Leonard 100487 St Monance (or Abercrombie) 100488 Saline 100489 Scoonie 100490 Strathmiglo 100491 Torryburn 100492 Wemyss 100493 (Connected with no parish) 100494 Arngask 100495 Cleish 100496 Forgandenny 100497 Fossaway and Tulliebole 100498 Kinross 100499 Orwell 100500 Portmoak 100501 Alloa 100502 Clackmannan 100503 Dollar 100504 Logie 100505 Stirling 100506 Tillicoultry 100507 Airth 100508 Alva 100509 Baldernock 100510 Balfron 100511 Bothkennar 100512 Buchanan 100513 Campsie 100514 Denny 100515 Drymen 100516 Dunipace 100517 Falkirk 100518 Fintry 100519 Gargunnock 100520 Killearn 100521 Kilsyth, Town 100522 Kippen 100523 Larbert 100524 Lecropt 100525 Logie 100526 Muiravonside 100527 New, or East Kilpatrick 100528 Polmont 100529 St Ninians 100530 Slamannan 100531 Stirling 100532 Strathblane 100533 Arrochar 100534 Bonhill 100535 Cardross 100536 Cumbernauld 100537 Dumbarton 100538 Kilmaronock 100539 Kirkintilloch 100540 Luss 100541 New, or East Kilpatrick 100542 Old, or West Kilpatrick 100543 Roseneath 100544 Row 100545 Ardchattan and Muckairn 100546 Ardnamurchan 100547 Campbeltown 100548 Craignish 100549 Dunoon and Kilmun 100550 Glassary (or Kilmichael Glassary) 100551 Glenaray 100552 Glenorchy and Inishail 100553 Inveraray 100554 Inverchaolain 100555 Kilbrandon and Kilchattan 100556 Kilcalmonell and Kilberry 100557 Kilchrenan and Dalavich 100558 Kilfinan 100559 Killean and Kilchenzie 100560 Kilmalie 100561 Kilmartin 100562 Kilmodan 100563 Kilmore and Kilbride 100564 Kilninver and Kilmelford 100565 Lismore and Appin 100566 Lochgoilhead and Kilmorich 100567 Morvern 100568 North Knapdale 100569 Saddell and Skipness 100570 Southend 100571 South Knapdale 100572 Strachur and Stralachlan 100573 Coll 100574 Colonsay and Oronsay 100575 Gigha and Cara 100576 Jura 100577 Kilchoman 100578 Kildalton 100579 Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon 100580 Killarrow and Kilmeny 100581 Kilninian and Kilmore 100582 Small Isles 100583 Torosay 100584 Tyree 100585 Cumbrae 100586 Kilbride 100587 Kilmory 100588 Kingarth 100589 North Bute 100590 Rothesay 100591 West Kilbride 100592 Beith 100593 Cathcart 100594 Dunlop 100595 Eaglesham 100596 Eastwood 100597 Erskine 100599 East or New Greenock 100600 Middle Greenock 100601 West or Old Greenock 100602 Houston and Killellan 100603 Inchinnan 100604 Innerkip 100605 Kilbarchan 100606 Kilmalcolm 100607 Lochwinnoch 100608 Mearns 100609 Neilston 100610 Paisley Abbey 100611 Paisley High 100612 Paisley Low 100613 Paisley Middle 100614 Port Glasgow 100615 Renfrew 100616 Ardrossan 100617 Auchinleck 100618 Ayr 100619 Ballantrae 100620 Barr 100621 Beith 100622 Colmonell 100623 Coylton 100624 Craigie 100625 Dailly 100626 Dalmellington 100627 Dalry 100628 Dalrymple 100629 Dreghorn 100630 Dundonald 100631 Dunlop 100632 Fenwick 100633 Galston 100634 Girvan 100635 Irvine 100636 Kilbirnie 100637 Kilmarnock 100638 Kilmaurs 100639 Kilwinning 100640 Kirkmichael 100641 Kirkoswald 100642 Largs 100643 Loudoun 100644 Mauchline 100645 Maybole 100646 Monkton and Prestwick 100647 Muirkirk 100648 New Cumnock 100649 Newton on Ayr 100650 Ochiltree 100651 Old Cumnock 100652 Riccarton 100653 St Quivox 100654 Sorn 100655 Stair 100656 Stevenston 100657 Stewarton 100658 Straiton 100659 Symington 100660 Tarbolton 100661 West Kilbride 100662 Avondale 100663 Biggar 100664 Blantyre 100665 Bothwell 100666 Cadder 100667 Cambuslang 100668 Cambusnethan 100669 Carluke 100670 Carmichael 100671 Carmunnock 100672 Carnwath 100673 Carstairs 100674 Cathcart 100675 Covington and Thankerton 100676 Crawford 100677 Crawfordjohn 100678 Culter 100679 Dalserf 100680 Dalziel 100681 Dolphington 100682 Douglas 100683 Dunsyre 100684 East Kilbride 100685 Barony 100686 Blackfriars 100687 Calton 100688 Gorbals 100689 Govan 100690 Inner High 100691 Maryhill 100692 Outer High 100693 St Andrew 100694 St David 100695 St Enoch 100696 St George 100697 St James 100698 St John 100699 St Mary 100700 Shettleston 100701 Springburn 100702 Glassford 100703 Hamilton 100704 Kirkpatrick Juxta 100705 Lanark 100706 Lesmahagow 100707 Libberton 100708 Moffat 100709 New Monkland 100712 Old Monkland 100713 Pettinain 100714 Rutherglen 100715 Shotts 100716 Stonehouse 100717 Symington 100718 Walston 100719 Wandell and Lamington 100720 Wiston and Roberton 100721 Abercorn 100722 Bathgate 100723 Borrowstounness 100724 Carriden 100725 Cramond 100726 Dalmeny 100727 Ecclesmachen 100728 Kirkliston 100729 Linlithgow 100730 Livingstone 100731 Queensferry 100732 Torphichen 100733 Uphall 100734 Whitburn 100735 Borthwick 100736 Carrington 100737 Cockpen 100738 Colinton 100739 Corstorphine 100740 Cramond 100741 Cranston 100742 Crichton 100743 Currie 100744 Dalkeith 100745 Duddingston 100746 Canongate 100747 Greenside 100748 High, or St Giles 100749 Lady Yester 100750 New Greyfriars 100751 New North 100752 Old 100753 Old Greyfriars 100754 St Andrew 100755 St Cuthbert 100756 St George 100757 St John 100758 St Mary 100759 St Stephen'S 100760 Tolbooth 100761 Trinity College 100762 Tron 100763 Fala and Soutra 100764 Glencross 100765 Heriot 100766 Inveresk 100767 Kirkliston 100768 Kirknewton and East Calder 100769 Lasswade 100770 North Leith 100771 South Leith 100772 Liberton 100773 Mid Calder 100774 Newbattle 100775 Newton 100776 Penicuik 100777 Ratho 100778 Stow 100779 Temple 100780 West Calder 100781 Aberlady 100782 Athelstaneford 100783 Bolton 100784 Dirleton 100785 Dunbar 100786 Fala and Soutra 100787 Garvald 100788 Gladsmuir 100789 Haddington 100790 Humbie 100791 Innerwick 100792 Morham 100793 North Berwick 100794 Oldhamstocks 100795 Ormiston 100796 Pencaitland 100797 Prestonkirk 100798 Prestonpans 100799 Salton 100800 Spott 100801 Stenton 100802 Tranent 100803 Whitekirk and Tynninghame 100804 Whittinghame 100805 Yester 100806 Abbey St Bathans 100807 Ayton 100808 Bunkle and Preston 100809 Channelkirk 100810 Chirnside 100811 Cockburnspath 100812 Coldingham 100813 Coldstream 100814 Cranshaws 100815 Dunse 100816 Earlston 100817 Eccles 100818 Edrom 100819 Eyemouth 100820 Fogo 100821 Foulden 100822 Gordon 100823 Greenlaw 100824 Hutton 100825 Ladykirk 100826 Langton 100827 Lauder 100828 Legerwood 100829 Longformacus and Ellim 100830 Merton 100831 Mordington 100832 Nenthorn 100833 Oldhamstocks 100834 Polwarth 100835 Stitchell and Hume 100836 Swinton and Simprin 100837 Westruther 100838 Whitsome and Hilton 100839 Broughton, Glenholm, and Kilbucho 100840 Culter 100841 Drumelzier 100842 Eddlestone 100843 Innerleithen 100844 Kirkurd 100845 Lyne and Megget 100846 Manor 100847 Newlands 100848 Peebles 100849 Skirling 100850 Stobo 100851 Traquair 100852 Tweedsmuir 100853 West Linton 100854 Yarrow 100856 Ettrick 100857 Galashiels 100858 Innerleithen 100859 Kirkhope 100860 Peebles 100861 Roberton 100862 Selkirk 100863 Stow 100864 Yarrow 100865 Ancrum 100866 Ashkirk 100867 Bedrule 100868 Bowden 100869 Castleton 100870 Cavers 100871 Crailing 100872 Eckford 100873 Ednam 100874 Galashiels 100875 Hawick 100876 Hobkirk 100877 Hownam 100878 Jedburgh 100879 Kelso 100880 Kirktown 100881 Lilliesleaf 100882 Linton 100883 Makerston 100884 Maxton 100885 Melrose 100886 Minto 100887 Morebattle 100888 Oxnam 100889 Roberton 100890 Roxburgh 100891 St Boswells 100892 Selkirk 100893 Smailholm 100894 Southdean 100895 Sprouston 100896 Stitchell and Hume 100897 Teviothead 100898 Wilton 100899 Yetholm 100900 Annan 100901 Applegarth and Sibbaldbie 100902 Canonbie 100903 Carlaverock 100904 Closeburn 100905 Cummertrees 100906 Dalton 100907 Dornock 100908 Dryfesdale 100909 Dumfries 100910 Dunscore 100911 Durrisdeer 100912 Eskdalemuir 100913 Ewes 100914 Glencairn 100915 Graitney (or Gretna) 100916 Halfmorton 100917 Hoddam 100918 Holywood 100919 Hutton and Corrie 100920 Johnstone 100921 Keir 100922 Kirkconnel 100923 Kirkmahoe 100924 Kirkmichael 100925 Kirkpatrick Fleming 100926 Kirkpatrick Juxta 100927 Langholm 100928 Lochmaben 100929 Middlebie 100930 Moffat 100931 Morton 100932 Mousewald 100933 Penpont 100934 Ruthwell 100935 St Mungo 100936 Sanquhar 100937 Tinwald 100938 Torthorwald 100939 Tundergarth 100940 Tynron 100941 Wamphray 100942 Westerkirk 100943 Anwoth 100944 Balmaclellan 100945 Balmaghie 100946 Borgue 100947 Buittle 100948 Carsphairn 100949 Colvend and Southwick 100951 Dalry 100952 Girthon 100953 Kells 100954 Castle Douglas 100955 Kirkbean 100956 Kirkcudbright 100957 Kirkgunzeon 100958 Kirkmabreck 100959 Kirkpatrick Durham 100960 Kirkpatrick Irongray 100961 Lochrutton 100962 Minnigaff 100963 New Abbey 100964 Parton 100965 Rerrick 100966 Terregles 100967 Tongland 100968 Troqueer 100969 Twynholm 100970 Urr 100971 Glasserton 100972 Inch 100973 Kirkcolm 100974 Kirkcowan 100975 Kirkinner 100976 Kirkmaiden 100977 Leswalt 100978 Mochrum 100979 New Luce 100980 Old Luce 100981 Penninghame 100982 Portpatrick 100983 Sorbie 100984 Stoneykirk 100985 Stranraer 100986 Whithorn 100987 Wigtown PARISHUK_1871 identifies the civil parish in United Kingdom where the household was enumerated in 1871. Parishes are the lowest administrative units for the United Kingdom. Other geography variables from 1871 United Kingdom include, COUNTYUK. Labels to all parishes in the United Kingdom historical samples can be found here. IPUMS Farm status, IPUMS historical 1 Non-farm 2 Farm FARMIPUM identifies farm households according to the IPUMS-USA definition. Any household containing a person with the occupation "farmer" is coded as a farm, including group quarters. Farmers are identified as individuals with an OCCHISCO code between 61110 and 61400. In the United States, we also check if there is anyone in the household with an US1880A_0406 code of 100. For the two percent sample of United Kingdom 1851, we use the OCCUK code of 100. Any household containing a farmer under these definitions is regarded as a farm. FARMIPUM does not require the household to be in a non-urban area. The variable FARM restricts farm status to non-urban areas only, based on the (URBAN) variable. IPUMS Farm status, historical 1 No one in household with any connection to agriculture 2 At least one household member works as farmer 3 At least one household member works as agricultural laborer 4 At least one household member works as a cottar 9 Unknown FARM indicates the connection of a household to agriculture. To accommodate differences in census enumeration practices and occupational structure, FARM is not constructed in the same way as FARMIPUM. FARM classifies a household's connections to agriculture into four levels: 1: Nobody in the household indicates any connection with agriculture 2: At least one member of the household is a farmer, and the household's location meets the population [density] threshold. Farmers are identified by having an occupation in minor group 6-1 (See the OCCHISCO codes). If the only agricultural occupation(s) in the household were husbandmen or cottars (61115), the household did not receive this code. Husbandmen and cottars are found in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Iceland, and their residence was not always on a farm.For all full-count England and Wales datasets and for Scotland 1881, a parish population density threshold of 75 persons per acre was applied. For the two percent United Kingdom 1851 sample, a population density threshold of 64 persons per acre was applied. Households with farmers that were in locations with greater population [densities] were not given this code. Parish density information is not available in Scotland 1861, 1871, or 1891. FARM is defined based on occupation alone in these samples.3: At least one member of the household was an agricultural laborer; or in Norway there was a cottar in the household, who had no other trade. IPUMS Household classification 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. IPUMS Number of families in household Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. IPUMS Number of married couples in household No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). IPUMS Number of mothers in household No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). IPUMS Number of fathers in household No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). IPUMS Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Size of primary family, historical PRMFAMSZ is the size of the primary, or first, family in the household. It is the FAMSIZE of the first family unit (FAMUNIT) recorded in the household. PRMFAMSZ and FAMSIZE are constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head of household) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). Note: Users should be aware that in the United States census of 1880, where relationship to the head was not transcribed for non-relatives, FAMSIZE and PRMFAMSZ may be inaccurate in some cases. PRMFAMSZ is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Number of servants in household, historical 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 090 90 091 91 093 93 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 SERVANTS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of servants in the household, who are not related to the household head but are likely to be working in the household. SERVANTS was constructed uniformly for all pre-1950 samples, based on information in RELATE and occupation (OCCHISCO or OCC50US). Specifically, in all countries SERVANTS counts the number of people in the household who meet the following conditions: 1) their relationship to head was non-relative and their occupation indicated they were a servant; 2) an occupation response other than servant but a relationship code of servant; 3) an occupation of servant and a surname different from the head of household (for samples that lack relationship-to-head information). The variable SERVANTS is top-coded at 99. IPUMS Household number United Kingdom 1871: All households Household number. This is a 7-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Census enumeration year United Kingdom 1871: All households 1871 1871 Census enumeration year. IPUMS Parish [Image of Royal Arms omitted.]</p> <p><span class="h3">Householder's schedule</span></p> <p>Prepared under the direction of one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, pursuant to the Act of 33 and 34 Vict. c. 108.</p> <p>The following compartments are to be filled up by the Enumerator.</p> <div class="i1">Registration district ________<br />Parish ________<br />City, town, village, or hamlet ________<br />Street, square, etc., or road ________<br />Name or number of house ________<br />Number of rooms with one or more windows ________<br />Name of occupier ________</div> United Kingdom 1871: All households Parish. This is a 6-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Country United Kingdom 1871: All households 2 Scotland Country. IPUMS Division United Kingdom 1871: All households 13 Scotland Division. IPUMS County as transcribed United Kingdom 1871: All households County as transcribed. This is a 3-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS County United Kingdom 1871: All households 071 Aberdeen 072 Argyll 073 Ayr 074 Banff 075 Berwick 076 Bute 077 Caithness 078 Clackmannan 079 Dumfries 080 Dumbarton 081 Edinburgh 082 Elgin 083 Fife 084 Forfar 085 Haddington 086 Inverness 087 Kincardine 088 Kinross 089 Kirkcudbright 090 Lanark 091 Linlithgow 092 Nairn 093 Orkney 094 Peebles 095 Perth 096 Renfrew 097 Ross and Cromarty 098 Roxburgh 099 Selkirk 100 Shetland 101 Stirling 102 Sutherland 103 Wigtown County. IPUMS Parish as transcribed [Image of Royal Arms omitted.]</p> <p><span class="h3">Householder's schedule</span></p> <p>Prepared under the direction of one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, pursuant to the Act of 33 and 34 Vict. c. 108.</p> <p>The following compartments are to be filled up by the Enumerator.</p> <div class="i1">Registration district ________<br />Parish ________<br />City, town, village, or hamlet ________<br />Street, square, etc., or road ________<br />Name or number of house ________<br />Number of rooms with one or more windows ________<br />Name of occupier ________</div> United Kingdom 1871: All households Parish as transcribed. This is a 33-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Enumeration parish is part of a civil parish United Kingdom 1871: All households 1 Enumeration parish is part of a civil parish 9 Unknown Enumeration parish is part of a civil parish. IPUMS Population of parish United Kingdom 1871: All households Population of parish. This is a 6-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Male population of parish United Kingdom 1871: All households Male population of parish. This is a 5-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Female population of parish United Kingdom 1871: All households Female population of parish. This is a 5-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Archival census reference as transcribed United Kingdom 1871: All households Archival census reference as transcribed. This is a 16-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Census image reference as transcribed United Kingdom 1871: All households Census image reference as transcribed. This is a 13-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Type of enumeration page United Kingdom 1871: All households 6 Enumeration page 9 Institution enumeration sheet and continuation pages Type of enumeration page. IPUMS Document type United Kingdom 1871: All households 1 Private household schedules 3 Institutional schedules 4 Quasi institutions, identified from private schedules Document type. IPUMS Enumeration district as transcribed [Image of Royal Arms omitted.]</p> <p><span class="h3">Householder's schedule</span></p> <p>Prepared under the direction of one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, pursuant to the Act of 33 and 34 Vict. c. 108.</p> <p>The following compartments are to be filled up by the Enumerator.</p> <div class="i1">Registration district ________<br />Parish ________<br />City, town, village, or hamlet ________<br />Street, square, etc., or road ________<br />Name or number of house ________<br />Number of rooms with one or more windows ________<br />Name of occupier ________</div> United Kingdom 1871: All households Enumeration district as transcribed. This is a 6-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Schedule as transcribed United Kingdom 1871: All households Schedule as transcribed. This is a 8-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Size of household (number of persons) United Kingdom 1871: Private households 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 037 37 043 43 055 55 060 60 073 73 209 209 601 601 999 NIU (not in universe) Size of household (number of persons). IPUMS Size of houseful (number of persons plus boarders) United Kingdom 1871: All households 0001 1 0002 2 0003 3 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0073 73 0074 74 0076 76 0077 77 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 0101 101 0102 102 0103 103 0104 104 0105 105 0108 108 0109 109 0110 110 0111 111 0115 115 0118 118 0120 120 0123 123 0125 125 0128 128 0138 138 0139 139 0145 145 0152 152 0153 153 0162 162 0163 163 0164 164 0167 167 0190 190 0216 216 0230 230 0245 245 0253 253 0257 257 0270 270 0283 283 0290 290 0298 298 0302 302 0303 303 0327 327 0335 335 0338 338 0352 352 0355 355 0362 362 0411 411 0416 416 0417 417 0419 419 0426 426 0467 467 0512 512 0528 528 0550 550 0630 630 0635 635 0640 640 0654 654 0713 713 0715 715 0738 738 0774 774 1063 1063 1168 1168 1571 1571 1583 1583 4524 4524 Size of houseful (number of persons plus boarders). IPUMS Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother IPUMS Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father IPUMS Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse IPUMS Rule for linking spouse (historical) No spouse link 1 Unambiguous adjacent link 2 Unambiguous non-adjacent links -- consistent relationship to head/age differences 3 Weak relationship pairing -- adjacent links 4 Weak relationship pairing -- non-adjacent links SPRULEH explains the criteria by which the variable SPLOC linked the person to a probable spouse for the pre-1950 datasets. Spouse-spouse links are established according to four basic rules, and SPRULEH gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. SPRULEH works the same way for all countries. In all countries both partners are required to be age 12 and older and to either have a marital status of married or be the unmarried partner of the household head (see MARST and RELATEH). In addition, both partners were required to share the same surname, except when linking heads to spouses or in the Scandinavian samples where SURSIM does not capture family relationships (e.g. patronymic surnames in Norway and non-reporting of child surnames in Sweden). In some samples, however, we were compelled to customize the links beyond what could be implemented more generally. The codes for SPRULEH are as follows. A lower-numbered rule (greater than 0) takes precedence over a higher numbered rule. All relationship pairings are not available in every sample. Additional conditions were added to the rules for some samples. 0 = No spouse of this person present in household. 1 = A married/in-union woman and a married/in-union man were linked because she immediately followed or preceded him in the dataset and both persons' relationship to the household head (see RELATEH) justified a link, as follows: Head to spouseUnmarried partner to spouseParent to parentParent-in-law to parent-in-lawChild to child-in-lawSibling to sibling-in-law2 = A married woman and a married man who did not appear adjacently on the form were linked because: they had one of the relationship sets listed in rule 1the woman was at least 13 years oldthe man was at least 15 years oldthe man was not more than 25 years older than the woman, ANDthe woman was not more than 10 years older than the man.3 = A married/in-union woman and a married/in-union man were linked because she immediately followed or preceded him in the dataset and both persons' relationship to the household head (RELATEH) suggested a possible pairing and the female spouse was no more than 10 years older or 25 years younger than the male spouse. The possible relationship pairings are as follows: Other relative to other relative (RELATEH codes 1000, 1001, 1061)Non-relative to non-relative (RELATEH codes 1000-1303)Child to other relativeSibling to other relativeGrandchild to grandchild-in-lawGrandparent to grandparent/grandparent-in-law/grandparent-in-lawGrandchild to other relativeAunt to uncleNephew/niece to nephew/nieceCousin to cousinUnknown to unknown; missing to missingHead to unknown or missingChild to unknown or missing4 = Same as rule 3, but the married/in-union woman was not adjacent to the married/in-union man in the data. IPUMS Probable stepmother (historical) No stepmother present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of father 3 Identified stepmother 5 Identified as adopted STEPMOMH indicates for the pre-1950 datasets whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOMH explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. Only persons under age 19 are linked to their mothers. The codes for STEPMOMH are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 2 = Link was established only because the mother was married to father. 3 = Child explicitly identified relationship as stepchild. 5 = Child explicitly identified as adopted. If more than one value applied to the case, the lowest value was assigned. See MOMRULEH for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOMH will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Probable stepfather (historical) No stepfather present 1 Improbable age difference 2 Spouse of mother 3 Identified stepfather 5 Identified as adopted STEPPOPH indicates for the pre-1950 datasets whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOPH explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. Only persons under age 19 are linked to their fathers. The codes for STEPPOPH are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Age difference between father and child was less than 14 years. 2 = Link was established only because the father was married to mother. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild). 5 = Explicitly identified relationship (adopted). If more than one value applied to the case, the lowest value was assigned. See POPRULEH for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOPH will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Rule for linking mother (historical) No mother link 1 Unambiguous mother link 2 Daughter/grandchild/greatgrandchild link 3 Ambiguous mother link 7 Spouse of father becomes stepmother MOMRULEH explains the criteria by which the variable MOMLOC linked the person to a probable mother in pre-1950 datasets. Pre-1950 datasets in IPUMS International establish child-mother links according to four basic rules, and MOMRULEH gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. MOMRULEH works the same way for all countries. A lower-numbered rule (greater than 0) takes precedence over a higher numbered rule. The codes for MOMRULEH are as follows: 0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 = Unambiguous relationship. This rule covers four basic cases, and occurs when the person linked is 10 to 69 years younger than the probable parent. All relationship pairings are not available in every sample. The allowable relationship pairings are as follows: Child linked to head or spouse/unmarried partner of the headHead or sibling linked to parentSpouse or sibling-in-law linked to parent-in-lawChild/child-in-law linked to head or spouse2 = Grandchildren. Potential mothers are females listed as child or child- in-law in RELATE who are 13-49 years older than persons listed as grandchildren and who share the grandchild's surname. If there is more than one potential mother, we used relative positions in the household, age and marital status to decide the link. 3 = Other relatives and non-relatives. Link to a preceding person with a plausible relationship pairing of child-to-mother, where the mother is 13- 49 years older, is ever-married, and shares the child's surname. The mother must immediately precede the child or all intervening persons must also be linked to the mother as spouse or child. No links are made for non-relatives over age 17. Permissible relationship pairings are as follows (child to mother): Nephew/niece to sibling or sibling-in-lawCousin to aunt/uncleOther relative to siblingGrandchild to other relativeOther relative to other relative (RELATEH code 1000, 1001, 1061)Non-relative to non-relative (RELATEH code 1100-1303)7= If the child is already linked to a father (see POPLOC and POPRULEH), and that father has a wife present in the household who has not been linked to the child by another rule, the wife is linked to the child as a stepmother, regardless of the age gap between child and the stepmother. Consistency checks: If a husband and wife were both linked to the same mother, historic samples chose the best mother link based on detailed relationship (RELATEH) and proximity within the household. If a person is linked to two parents who are not linked to each other, remove one of the parental links on the basis of proximity within the household. IPUMS Rule for linking father (historical) No father link 1 Unambiguous father link 2 Son/granchild/greatgrandchild link 3 Ambiguous father link 7 Husband of mother becomes stepfather POPRULEH explains the criteria by which the variable POPLOC linked the person to a probable father in pre-1950 datasets. In the pre-1950 datasets, child-father links were established according to four basic rules, and POPRULEH gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. POPRULEH works the same way for all countries. A lower-numbered rule (greater than 0) takes precedence over a higher numbered rule. The codes for POPRULEH are as follows: 0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 = Unambiguous relationship. This rule covers four basic cases, and occurs when the person linked is 10 to 69 years younger than the probable parent. All relationship pairings are not available in every sample. The allowable relationship pairings are as follows: Child linked to head or spouse/unmarried partner of the headHead or sibling linked to parentSpouse or sibling-in-law linked to parent-in-lawChild/child-in-law linked to head or spouse2 = Grandchildren. Potential fathers are males listed as child or child-in- law in RELATE 13-79 years older than persons listed as grandchildren and who share the grandchild's surname. If there is more than one potential father, we used relative positions in the household, age and marital status to decide the link. 3 = Other relatives and nonrelatives. Link to a preceding person with a plausible relationship pairing of child-to-father, where the father is 13-79 years older, is ever-married, and shares the child's surname. The father must immediately precede the child or all intervening persons must also be linked to the father as spouse or child. Permissible relationship pairings are as follows (child to father): Nephew/niece to sibling or sibling-in-lawCousin to aunt/uncleOther relative to siblingGrandchild to other relativeOther relative to other relative (RELATEH code 1000, 1001, 1061)Non-relative to non-relative (RELATEH code 1100-1303)7 = If a child is linked to a mother (see MOMLOC and MOMRULEH), and that mother is linked to a husband who has not been linked to the child by another rule, the husband is linked to the child as a stepfather, regardless of the age gap between child and husband. Consistency checks: If a husband and wife were both linked to the same father, the best father link was chosen based on detailed relationship (RELATEH) and proximity within the household. If a person is linked to two parents who are not linked to each other, remove one of the parental links on the basis of proximity within the household. IPUMS Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. IPUMS Number of own family members in household 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). IPUMS Number of own children in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Number of own siblings in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 or more NSIBS counts the number of the person's own siblings (including half- siblings) living in the household with her/him. NSIBS is generally based on information contained in RELATE (Relationship to household head). Persons with no siblings present are coded "0." IPUMS Number of generations in family unit 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 or more NUMGEN describes the number of generations in a given family unit. (See the documentation for FAMUNIT). For example, a family unit comprised of parents and children has a NUMGEN of 2. A family unit which has co-resident grandparents, parents and children has a NUMGEN of 3. A family unit with only grandparents and grandchildren has a NUMGEN of 2, as the intervening generation is not resident. IPUMS CFU index number The Conjugal Family Unit is the basis of the Hammel/Laslett household classification scheme. CFUs are formed in one of three ways: by a married couple without offspring; by a married couple with never-married offspring and/or never- married adopted/foster children; or by a lone parent with at least one never-married child. If there are more than two generations in a household, the CFU is formed from the youngest generation upwards. Individuals not in a CFU are allocated the code of 0. No individual can be assigned to more than one CFU. A code of 999 means unclassifiable. For further details on the construction of the CFU see E. A. Hammel and P. Laslett. (1974). "Comparing household structure over time and between cultures." Comparative studies in Society and History 16(1): 73-109. Users interested in the computer code used to construct the CFU and related variable CFUSIZE should contact the IPUMS-International staff. CFU is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Number of persons in CFU CFUSIZE is the number of people within the conjugal family unit to which the individual belongs. It is important to note that no individual within a household can be assigned to more than one CFU. For further details on CFUs, see the documentation for the variable CFU. Individuals not in a CFU are allocated the code of 0. A code of 99 means unclassifiable. CFUSIZE is a 2-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Number of resident relations not in CFU RELATS indicates the number of relations who are co-resident, but not in the respondent's conjugal family unit (CFU). RELATS is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Number of non-relatives of person in household 0000 0001 1 0002 2 0003 3 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0098 98 0099 99 0101 101 0100 100 0102 102 0103 103 0104 104 0105 105 0108 108 0109 109 0110 110 0112 112 0115 115 0116 116 0117 117 0118 118 0121 121 0123 123 0124 124 0127 127 0128 128 0129 129 0132 132 0134 134 0135 135 0137 137 0139 139 0140 140 0142 142 0145 145 0147 147 0153 153 0154 154 0155 155 0156 156 0158 158 0162 162 0163 163 0166 166 0167 167 0173 173 0178 178 0179 179 0189 189 0197 197 0201 More than 200 NONRELS is a constructed variable that counts the number of people unrelated to the individual, living in the household. See also FAMUNIT, FAMSIZE and PERSONS. IPUMS Relationship to household head [general version] 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head [detailed version] 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head, historical 0101 Head/householder 0201 Spouse 0202 2nd/3rd wife (polygamous) 0203 Concubine/mistress 0204 Fiance/fiancee 0301 Child 0302 Adopted Child 0303 Stepchild 0304 Adopted, n.s. 0305 Adopted/fostered child (Great Britain) 0306 Fostered child 0401 Child-in-law 0402 Step child-in-law 0501 Parent 0502 Stepparent 0503 Adoptive parent 0601 Parent-in-law 0602 Stepparent-in-law 0603 Retired people with special benefits from farm (karfolk) 0701 Sibling 0702 Step/half/adopted sibling 0703 Step sibling 0704 Half-sibling 0801 Sibling-in-Law 0802 Step/half sibling-in-law 0901 Grandchild 0902 Adopted grandchild 0903 Step grandchild 0904 Grandchild-in-law 1000 Other Relatives: 1001 Other relatives, n.s. 1011 Grandparent 1012 Step grandparent 1013 Grandparent-in-law 1021 Aunt or uncle 1022 Aunt,uncle-in-law 1023 Step aunt or uncle 1024 Great aunt or uncle 1031 Nephew, niece 1032 Nephew/niece-in-law 1033 Step/adopted nephew/niece 1034 Grand niece/nephew 1035 Step nephew/niece 1036 Adopted nephew/niece 1037 Grand step nephew/niece 1038 Grand nephew/niece in law 1041 Cousin 1042 Cousin-in-law 1043 First cousin 1044 Second cousin 1045 Step cousin 1051 Great grandchild 1061 Other relatives, n.e.c. 1100 Partner, friend, visitor 1110 Partner/friend 1111 Friend 1112 Partner 1113 Partner/roommate (1960/70 residual category for other non-relatives) 1114 Unmarried partner 1115 Housemate/roommate 1120 Relative of partner 1131 Visitor 1132 Companion and companion's family 1139 Allocated partner/friend/visitor 1201 Roomers/boarders/lodgers 1202 Boarders 1203 Lodgers 1204 Roomer 1205 Tenant 1207 Poor or receiver of charity by head of household 1208 Pauper staying with others at expense of municipality 1209 Illicit Vagrant 1210 Employees: 1211 Servant 1212 Housekeeper 1213 Maid 1214 Cook 1215 Nurse 1216 Other probable domestic employee 1217 Other employees 1218 Employees of guests 1219 Relative of employee 1221 Military 1222 Students 1223 Members of religious orders 1224 Harim (Egypt) 1225 Slave (Egypt) 1226 Child of slave (Egypt) 1230 Other non-relatives 1239 Allocated other non-relative 1301 Institutional inmates 1302 Families of inmates 1303 Foundlings/orphans 9999 Unknown RELATEH is the NAPP version of the RELATE variable, which describes an individual's relationship to the head of household. This variable is largely compatible with the IPUMS-International variable RELATE, though some changes have been made. The relationship codes are divided into two categories-relatives (codes 1- 10) and non-relatives (codes 11-12). The codes for relatives are self- explanatory. The non-relative codes are divided into three groups: "Partner, friend, visitor", roughly described as persons who do not pay or work for their accommodations (unless they share ownership); "Other non-relatives", including those persons paying or working for accommodations; and "Institutional inmates". IPUMS Age 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. IPUMS Sex 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. IPUMS Marital status [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Marital status [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Year of birth 0000 NIU (not in universe) 1628 1628 1629 1629 1630 1630 1631 1631 1634 1634 1635 1635 1636 1636 1637 1637 1638 1638 1639 1639 1640 1640 1641 1641 1642 1642 1643 1643 1644 1644 1645 1645 1646 1646 1647 1647 1648 1648 1649 1649 1650 1650 1651 1651 1652 1652 1653 1653 1654 1654 1655 1655 1656 1656 1657 1657 1658 1658 1659 1659 1660 1660 1661 1661 1662 1662 1663 1663 1664 1664 1665 1665 1666 1666 1667 1667 1668 1668 1669 1669 1670 1670 1671 1671 1672 1672 1673 1673 1674 1674 1675 1675 1676 1676 1677 1677 1678 1678 1679 1679 1680 1680 1681 1681 1682 1682 1683 1683 1684 1684 1685 1685 1686 1686 1687 1687 1688 1688 1689 1689 1690 1690 1691 1691 1692 1692 1693 1693 1694 1694 1695 1695 1696 1696 1697 1697 1698 1698 1699 1699 1700 1700 1701 1701 1702 1702 1703 1703 1704 1704 1705 1705 1706 1706 1707 1707 1708 1708 1709 1709 1710 1710 1711 1711 1712 1712 1713 1713 1714 1714 1715 1715 1716 1716 1717 1717 1718 1718 1719 1719 1720 1720 1721 1721 1722 1722 1723 1723 1724 1724 1725 1725 1726 1726 1727 1727 1728 1728 1729 1729 1730 1730 1731 1731 1732 1732 1733 1733 1734 1734 1735 1735 1736 1736 1737 1737 1738 1738 1739 1739 1740 1740 1741 1741 1742 1742 1743 1743 1744 1744 1745 1745 1746 1746 1747 1747 1748 1748 1749 1749 1750 1750 1751 1751 1752 1752 1753 1753 1754 1754 1755 1755 1756 1756 1757 1757 1758 1758 1759 1759 1760 1760 1761 1761 1762 1762 1763 1763 1764 1764 1765 1765 1766 1766 1767 1767 1768 1768 1769 1769 1770 1770 1771 1771 1772 1772 1773 1773 1774 1774 1775 1775 1776 1776 1777 1777 1778 1778 1779 1779 1780 1780 1781 1781 1782 1782 1783 1783 1784 1784 1785 1785 1786 1786 1787 1787 1788 1788 1789 1789 1790 1790 1791 1791 1792 1792 1793 1793 1794 1794 1795 1795 1796 1796 1797 1797 1798 1798 1799 1799 1800 1800 1801 1801 1802 1802 1803 1803 1804 1804 1805 1805 1806 1806 1807 1807 1808 1808 1809 1809 1810 1810 1811 1811 1812 1812 1813 1813 1814 1814 1815 1815 1816 1816 1817 1817 1818 1818 1819 1819 1820 1820 1821 1821 1822 1822 1823 1823 1824 1824 1825 1825 1826 1826 1827 1827 1828 1828 1829 1829 1830 1830 1831 1831 1832 1832 1833 1833 1834 1834 1835 1835 1836 1836 1837 1837 1838 1838 1839 1839 1840 1840 1841 1841 1842 1842 1843 1843 1844 1844 1845 1845 1846 1846 1847 1847 1848 1848 1849 1849 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1853 1853 1854 1854 1855 1855 1856 1856 1857 1857 1858 1858 1859 1859 1860 1860 1861 1861 1862 1862 1863 1863 1864 1864 1865 1865 1866 1866 1867 1867 1868 1868 1869 1869 1870 1870 1871 1871 1872 1872 1873 1873 1874 1874 1875 1875 1876 1876 1877 1877 1878 1878 1879 1879 1880 1880 1881 1881 1882 1882 1883 1883 1884 1884 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 1887 1888 1888 1889 1889 1890 1890 1891 1891 1892 1892 1893 1893 1894 1894 1895 1895 1896 1896 1897 1897 1898 1898 1899 1899 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 9999 Unknown BIRTHYR gives the person's year of birth. IPUMS Nativity status NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Country of birth 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11005 British Indian Ocean Territory 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11051 Ethiopia (including Eritrea) 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15021 Upper Volta 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15081 Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15180 Canary Islands 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21991 Caribbean commonwealth, n.s. 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32042 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32101 Pakistan/Bangladesh 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34071 Israel/Palestine 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34111 West Bank 34112 Gaza Strip 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41991 Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43121 Spain/Portugal 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43991 Gibraltar/Malta 43992 Portugal/Greece 43993 Italy, Holy See, San Marino 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxemburg 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44042 West Germany 44043 Germany/Austria 44044 Mecklenburg-Schwerin 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44991 Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (original 15) 49994 Other European Union (not original 15) 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53060 Federated States of Micronesia 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 80000 AT SEA 90000 Other countries n.s. 99999 Unknown BPLCOUNTRY indicates the person's country of birth. IPUMS County of birth, United Kingdom 002 Surrey 003 Kent 004 Sussex 005 Hampshire 006 Berkshire 007 Middlesex 008 Hertfordshire 009 Buckinghamshire 010 Oxford 011 Northamptonshire 012 Huntingdonshire 013 Bedfordshire 014 Cambridgeshire 015 Essex 016 Suffolk 017 Norfolk 018 Wiltshire 019 Dorset 020 Devonshire 021 Cornwall 022 Somerset 023 Gloucestershire 024 Herefordshire 025 Shropshire 026 Staffordshire 027 Worcestershire 028 Warwick 029 Leicestershire 030 Rutland 031 Lincolnshire 032 Nottinghamshire 033 Derbyshire 034 Cheshire 035 Lancashire 037 Yorkshire 040 Durham 041 Northumberland 042 Westmorland 043 Cumberland 044 Monmouthshire 045 Glamorganshire 046 Carmarthenshire 047 Pembrokeshire 048 Cardiganshire 050 Radnorshire 051 Montgomeryshire 052 Flintshire 053 Denbighshire 054 Merionethshire 055 Caernarvonshire 056 Anglesey 057 Brecknockshire 060 Guernsey 061 Isle of Man 062 Jersey 063 Alderney 064 Channel Islands, Sark 065 Isle of Wight 066 Channel Islands, nfs 071 Aberdeenshire 072 Argyll 073 Ayr 074 Banff 075 Berwickshire 076 Bute 077 Caithness 078 Clackmannanshire 079 Dumfriesshire 080 Dunbartonshire 081 Midlothian (Edinburghshire) 082 Morayshire (Elginshire) 083 Fife 084 Angus (Forfarshire) 085 East Lothian 086 Inverness-shire 087 Kincardinshire 088 Kinross-shire 089 Kirkudbrightshire 090 Lanarkshire 091 West Lothian 092 Nairnshire 093 Orkney 094 Peeblesshire 095 Perthshire 096 Renfrewshire 097 Ross and Cromarty 098 Roxburghshire 099 Selkirk 100 Shetland 101 Stirlingshire 102 Sutherland 103 Wigtown 990 England, nfs 991 Wales 992 Scotland 993 Ireland 997 At sea 998 Foreign 999 Unknown BPLUK indicates the county of birth for those born in England, Wales and Scotland, if this is possible to determine from the given place of birth. For those who recorded a place of birth which is known to be in one of the constituent elements of the United Kingdom, this information is coded here as 990 for England, 991 for Wales, and 992 for Scotland. The Channel Islands are coded to the respective island as is the Isle of Man. Those born in the Isles of Scilly are included within Cornwall. Those people born in Ireland have been allocated the code 993 and all others (i.e., those born outside of Great Britain and the islands in the British seas have been classified here as "foreign" (code 998). IPUMS Labor force participation 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO general 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO-1968, 3-digit 011 Chemists 012 Physicists 013 Physical scientists not elsewhere classified 014 Physical science technicians 021 Architects and town planners 022 Civil engineers 023 Electrical and electronics engineers 024 Mechanical engineers 025 Chemical engineers 026 Metallurgists 027 Mining engineers 028 Industrial engineers 029 Engineers not elsewhere classified 031 Surveyors 032 Draughtsmen 033 Civil engineering technicians 034 Electrical and electronics engineering technicians 035 Mechanical engineering technicians 036 Chemical engineering technicians 037 Metallurgical technicians 038 Mining technicians 039 Engineering technicians not elsewhere classified 041 Aircraft pilots, navigators and flight engineers 042 Ships' deck officers and pilots 043 Ships' engineers 049 Aircraft and ships officers, n.e.c. 051 Biologists, zoologists and related scientists 052 Bacteriologists, pharmacologists and related scientists 053 Agronomists and related scientists 054 Life sciences technicians 059 Life sciences technicians and related technicians, n.e.c. 061 Medical doctors 062 Medical assistants 063 Dentists 064 Dental assistants 065 Veterinarians 066 Veterinary assistants 067 Pharmacists 068 Pharmaceutical assistants 069 Dietitians and public health nutritionists 071 Professional nurses 072 Nursing personnel not elsewhere classified 073 Professional midwives 074 Midwifery personnel not elsewhere classified 075 Optometrists and opticians 076 Physiotherapists and occupational therapists 077 Medical Xray technicians 079 Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers not elsewhere classified 081 Statisticians 082 Mathematicians and actuaries 083 Systems Analysts 084 Statistical and mathematical technicians 089 Statisticians, mathematicians, systems analysts and related technicians, n.e.c. 090 Economists 099 Other social scientists, n.e.c. 110 Accountants 121 Lawyers 122 Judges 129 Jurists not elsewhere classified 131 University and higher education teachers 132 Secondary education teachers 133 Primary education teachers 134 Preprimary education teachers 135 Special education teachers 139 Teachers not elsewhere classified 141 Ministers of religion and related members of religious orders 149 Workers in religion not elsewhere classified 151 Authors and critics 159 Authors, journalists and related writers not elsewhere classified 161 Sculptors, painters and related artists 162 Commercial artists and designers 163 Photographers and cameramen 169 Sculptors, painters and related artists, n.e.c. 171 Composers, musicians and singers 172 Choreographers and dancers 173 Actors and stage directors 174 Producers, performing arts 175 Circus performers 179 Performing artists not elsewhere classified 180 Athletes, sportsmen and related workers 191 Librarians, archivists and curators 192 Sociologists, anthropologists and related scientists 193 Social workers 194 Personnel and occupational specialists 195 Philologists, translators and interpreters 199 Other professional, technical and related workers 201 Legislative officials 202 Government administrators 211 General managers 212 Production managers (except farm) 219 Managers not elsewhere classified 299 Administrative and managerial, n.e.c. 300 Clerical supervisors 310 Government executive officials 321 Stenographers, typists and teletypists 322 Card and tapepunching machine operators 323 Telex operators 329 Stenegraphers, typists and teletypists, n.e.d. 331 Bookkeepers and cashiers 339 Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers not elsewhere classified 341 Bookkeeping and calculating machine operators 342 Automatic dataprocessing machine operators 349 Computing machine operators, n.e.c. 351 Railway station masters 352 Postmasters 359 Transport and communications supervisors not elsewhere classified 360 Transport conductors 370 Mail distribution clerks 380 Telephone and telegraph operators 391 Stock clerks 392 Material and production planning clerks 393 Correspondence and reporting clerks 394 Receptionists and travel agency clerks 395 Library and filing clerks 399 Clerks not elsewhere classified 400 Managers (wholesale and retail trade) 410 Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) 421 Sales supervisors 422 Buyers 431 Technical salesmen and service advisers 432 Commercial travellers and Manufacturers' agents 439 Technical salesmen, commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents, n.e.c. 441 Insurance, real estate and securities salesmen 442 Business services salesmen 443 Auctioneers 451 Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators 452 Street vendors, canvassers and newsvendors 454 Itinerant traders 459 Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators, n.e.c. 490 Sales workers not elsewhere classified 500 Managers (catering and lodging services) 510 Working proprietors (catering and lodging services) 520 Housekeeping and related service supervisors 531 Cooks 532 Waiters, bartenders and related workers 540 Maids and related housekeeping service workers not elsewhere classified 551 Building caretakers 552 Charworkers, cleaners and related workers 560 Launderers, drycleaners and pressers 570 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 581 Firefighters 582 Policemen and detectives 589 Protective service workers not elsewhere classified 591 Guides 592 Undertakers and embalmers 599 Other service workers 600 Farm managers and supervisors 611 General farmers 612 Specialised farmers 621 General farm workers 622 Field crop and vegetable farm workers 623 Orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop workers 624 Livestock workers 625 Dairy farm workers 626 Poultry farm workers 627 Nursery workers and gardeners 628 Farm machinery operators 629 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers not elsewhere classified 631 Loggers 632 Forestry workers (except logging) 639 Forestry and loggers, n.e.c. 641 Fishermen 649 Fishermen, hunters and related workers not elsewhere classified 700 Production supervisors and general foremen 711 Miners and quarrymen 712 Mineral and stone treaters 713 Well drillers, borers and related workers 721 Metal smelting, converting and refining furnacemen 722 Metal rollingmill workers 723 Metal melters and reheaters 724 Metal casters 725 Metal moulders and coremakers 726 Metal annealers, temperers and casehardeners 727 Metal drawers and extruders 728 Metal platers and coaters 729 Metal processers not elsewhere classified 731 Wood treaters 732 Sawyers, plywood makers and related woodprocessing workers 733 Paper pulp preparers 734 Paper makers 739 Wood preparation workers and paper makers, n.e.c. 741 Crushers, grinders and mixers 742 Cookers, roasters and related heattreaters 743 Filter and separator operators 744 Still and reactor operators 745 Petroleum refining workers 749 Chemical processers and related workers not elsewhere classified 751 Fibre preparers 752 Spinners and winders 753 Weaving and knittingmachine setters and patterncard preparers 754 Weavers and related workers 755 Knitters 756 Bleachers, dyers and textile product finishers 759 Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers not elsewhere classified 761 Tanners and fellmongers 762 Pelt dressers 769 Tanners, fellmongers and pelt dressers, n.e.c. 771 Grain millers and related workers 772 Sugar processers and refiners 773 Butchers and meat preparers 774 Food preservers 775 Dairy product processers 776 Bakers, pastrycooks and confectionery makers 777 Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers 778 Brewers, wine and beverage makers 779 Food and beverage processers not elsewhere classified 781 Tobacco preparers 782 Cigar makers 783 Cigarette makers 789 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers not elsewhere classified 791 Tailors and dressmakers 792 Fur tailors and related workers 793 Milliners and hatmakers 794 Patternmakers and cutters 795 Sewers and embroiderers 796 Upholsterers and related workers 799 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related workers not elsewhere classified 801 Shoemakers and shoe repairers 802 Shoe cutters, lasters, sewers and related workers 803 Leather goods makers 811 Cabinetmakers 812 Woodworking machine operators 819 Cabinetmakers and related woodworkers not elsewhere classified 820 Stone cutters and carvers 831 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forgingpress operators 832 Toolmakers, metal patternmakers and metal markers 833 Machinetool setteroperators 834 Machinetool operators 835 Metal grinders, polishers and tool sharpeners 839 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machinetool operators not elsewhere classified 841 Machinery fitters and machine assemblers 842 Watch, clock and precision instrument makers 843 Motor vehicle mechanics 844 Aircraft engine mechanics 849 Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision instrument makers (except electrical) not elsewhere classified 851 Electrical fitters 852 Electronics fitters 853 Electrical and electronics equipment assemblers 854 Radio and television repairmen 855 Electrical wiremen 856 Telephone and telegraph installers 857 Electric linemen and cable jointers 859 Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers not elsewhere classified 861 Broadcasting station operators 862 Sound equipment operators and cinema projectionists 871 Plumbers and pipe fitters 872 Welders and flamecutters 873 Sheetmetal workers 874 Structural metal preparers and erectors 879 Other plumbers, welders, sheet metal and structural metal preparers and erectors 880 Jewellery and precious metal workers 891 Glass formers, cutters, grinders and finishers 892 Potters and related clay and abrasive formers 893 Glass and ceramics kilnmen 894 Glass engravers and etchers 895 Glass and ceramics painters and decorators 899 Glass formers, potters and related workers not elsewhere classified 901 Rubber and plastics product makers (except tire makers and tire vulcanisers) 902 Tire makers and vulcanisers 910 Paper and paperboard products makers 921 Compositors and typesetters 922 Printing pressmen 923 Stereotypers and electrotypers 924 Printing engravers (except photoengravers) 925 Photoengravers 926 Bookbinders and related workers 927 Photographic darkroom workers 929 Printers and related workers not elsewhere classified 931 Painters, construction 939 Painters not elsewhere classified 941 Musical instrument makers and tuners 942 Basketry weavers and brush makers 943 Nonmetallic mineral product makers 949 Other production and related workers 951 Bricklayers, stonemasons and tile setters 952 Reinforced concreters, cement finishers and terrazzo workers 953 Roofers 954 Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers 955 Plasterers 956 Insulators 957 Glaziers 959 Construction workers not elsewhere classified 961 Power generating machinery operators 969 Stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified 971 Dockers and freight handlers 972 Riggers and cable splicers 973 Crane and hoist operators 974 Earthmoving and related machinery operators 979 Material handling equipment operators not elsewhere classified 981 Ships' deck ratings, barge crews and boatmen 982 Ships' engineroom ratings 983 Railway engine drivers and firemen 984 Railway brakemen, signalmen and shunters 985 Motor vehicle drivers 986 Animal and animaldrawn vehicle drivers 989 Transport equipment operators not elsewhere classified 990 Labourers not elsewhere classified 995 Armed forces 997 Response suppressed 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) ISCO68A provides the 3-digit occupation code for the respondent using the ISCO-1968 occupation classification. IPUMS Occupation, HISCO classification 01100 Chemists 01200 Physicists 01300 Physical scientists nec 01400 Physical science assistants and technicians 02000 Professional engineers, specialisation unknown 02100 Architects 02200 Civil engineers 02300 Electrical engineers 02410 Mechanical engineers, general or nfs 02420 Industrial machinery or tools engineers 02430 Mechanical engineer (motors and engines, except marine) 02440 Marine engineers 02450 Ship construction engineers 02460 Heating, ventilation and refrigeration engineers 02490 Other mechanical engineers 02500 Chemical engineers 02600 Metallurgists and assayers 02700 Mining engineers 02800 Industrial engineers 02900 Professional engineers nec 03010 Surveyors, general and nfs 03020 Land surveyors 03030 Mine surveyors 03040 Hydrographic surveyors 03090 Other surveyors 03100 Draughtsmen 03200 Technician, specialisation unknown 03210 Technicians 03220 Civil engineering technicians 03230 Electrical engineering technicians 03240 Mechanical engineering technicians 03250 Chemical engineering technicals 03260 Metallurgical technicians 03270 Mining technicians 03290 Engineering technicians nec 04200 Ship's deck officer or pilot 04210 Ships officers nfs 04220 Ship's masters and captains (sea) 04230 Ship's masters and captains (sea or inland waterways) 04240 Ship's masters and captains (inland waterways) 04250 Ship's navigating officers and ship's mates 04260 Ship and boat pilots 04270 Marine superintendents (deck) 04290 Other ship deck officers and pilots 04300 Ship's engineers 05100 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related scientists 05200 Medical scientists 05300 Agronomists and related scientists 05400 Life sciences technicians 06100 Medical doctors and surgeons 06110 Medical doctors and physicians (UK: Medical doctors only) 06130 Surgeons 06140 Specialised physicians 06150 Specialised surgeons 06160 Public health physicians 06170 Oculist 06190 Medical doctors, nec 06200 Dentists 06300 Veterinarians 06400 Pharmacists 06500 Medical and related assistants 07110 Trained nurses 07210 Nurses nfs 07220 Medical nurses, untrained or level of training unknown 07320 Midwives 07330 Monthly nurses 07500 Opticians and optometrists 07600 Healers and therapists nec 07920 Osteopaths 07930 Chiropractors 07940 Sanitarians 07990 Other medical, dental, veterinary and related workers 08000 Mathematicians and actuaries, etc. 09000 Economists 11010 Accountants 11020 Auditors 11090 Accountants nec 12110 Lawyers 12120 Barristers 12130 Solicitors 12200 Judge 12220 Justice of the peace 12300 Notary 12900 Jurists (except lawyer, judge or solicitor) 13100 Teachers in higher education 13200 Teachers not in higher education 13210 Teachers (unspecified) 13220 Teachers (secondary) 13230 Teachers (primary) 13240 Teachers (pre-primary) 13250 Teachers (of the disabled) 13300 School administrators and principals 13920 Governesses 13990 Other teaching personnel 14120 Ministers of religion 14130 Missionaries 14140 Members of religious orders 14190 Other ministers of religion 14900 Workers in religion nec 15100 Authors 15220 Editors 15230 Journalists, reporters and correspondents 15900 Others writers 16110 Artists nfs and art teachers 16120 Sculptors 16130 Artistic painters 16140 Cartoonists 16150 Engravers and etchers (artistic) 16190 Other specified creative artists 16200 Designers 16300 Photographers 16400 Engravers 17120 Musical performers and musicians nfs 17130 Music teachers 17190 Others in music 17200 Dancers and dancing teachers 17300 Actors and related workers 17400 Producers, performing arts 17900 Performing artists nec 18000 Athletes, sportsmen and related workers 19100 Librarians, archivists and curators 19200 Social scientists and historians 19300 Social workers 19500 Interpreters, translators and philologists 19920 Patent agents 19930 Underwriters 19990 Other professional, technical and related workers nec 20100 Legislative officials and heads of government 20200 Government administrators 21110 Proprietors, nfs 21112 Executive officers, nfs (U.S. only) 21120 Manufacturers nfs 21122 Executive officers of manufacturing concerns nfs 21130 Manufacturers or proprietors of specified manufacturing concerns 21132 Executive officers of specified manufacturing concerns 21140 Proprietor, mining, quarrying, oil and natural gas extraction 21141 Oil producer 21142 Executive officers of extractive industry 21150 Proprietor, railway company 21152 Executive officers of railway concerns 21160 Proprietor, other transport and communications 21162 Executive officer of other transport and communications 21170 Proprietor, public utilities (i.e., water, gas, etc.) 21172 Executive officer of public utilities 21180 Proprietor, finance 21182 Executive officer finance company 21190 Other owners of large scale productive enterprises 21192 Executive officers of other large scale productive enterprises 21194 Publisher 21210 Contractors nfs 21220 Construction contractors 21230 Builders 21290 Other specified contractors 21330 Capitalists 21340 Speculators 21390 Investors nec 22110 Superintendents and managers nfs 22120 Superintendents and managers, manufacturing 22130 Superintendents and managers, mining, quarrying, etc. 22140 Superintendents and managers, railways 22150 Superintendents and managers, other transport and communications 22160 Superintendents and managers, public utilities 22170 Superintendents and managers, construction, except railway construction 22180 Superintendents and managers, commerce 22190 Superintendents and managers, nec 23110 Foremen and supervisors nfs 23120 Foremen and supervisors, manufacturing 23130 Foremen and supervisors, mining 23140 Foremen and supervisors, railways 23150 Foremen and supervisors, other transport and communications 23160 Foremen and supervisors, public utilities 23170 Foremen and supervisors, construction, except railway construction 23180 Foremen and supervisors, commerce 23190 Foremen and supervisors, nec 24100 Inspectors of manufactories, companies etc. 31010 Civil servants, title unknown 31020 Tax collectors 31030 Tax assessors 31040 Customs officers 31050 Postmasters or postmistresses 31060 Clerks of court and other court clerks 31090 Government functionaries, nec 32000 Typists, stenographers and secretaries 33120 Bookkeepers and bookkeeping clerks 33130 Cashiers, bank or office 33140 Bank clerks 33142 Bank tellers (US) 33150 Money collector 33160 Cash desk cashier 33170 Toll collectors 33180 Collector (cash or account) 33190 Bookkeeping, account and cash handling workers nec 33210 Railway clerks (UK) and railway agents (CA/US) 33220 Baggage agents and baggage men 33320 Agent, water transport (principally steamship and steamboat) 33330 Agent, land transport (non-rail) 34000 Office machine operators 36010 Conductors, nfs 36020 Railway guards (UK) and railroad conductors (US/CAN) 36030 Sleeping- or pullman-car attendants 36040 Bus, tram or streetcar conductors 36090 Transport conductors, nec 37020 Postal, mail and telegraph clerks 37030 Mail carriers, aka postmen (UK) 37040 Messengers 37050 Mail sorters 37090 Post office, mail, and message workers nec 38010 Tel. operator 38020 Telephone operator 38030 Telegraph operator 38090 Other telephone/telegraph operators 39000 Clerk, nfs 39100 Stock, weight and shipping clerks 39130 Stock records clerk 39310 Office clerks, specialisation unknown 39320 Correspondence clerks 39340 Legal clerks 39350 Insurance clerks 39390 Other correspondence and reporting clerks 39400 Hotel clerk or other receptionist 39500 Library and filing clerks 39600 Railroad, railway clerk 39720 Timekeepers, railway 39730 Timekeepers, factory 39790 Timekeepers, undefined and nec 39900 Other specified clerks 39990 Proofreader 40000 Sales workers, nfs 41000 Working proprietors, nfs 41010 Dealer, merchant etc. (wholesale and retail trade) 41015 Merchants, specified large-scale wholesaleing 41020 Hirers out 42000 Buyers 42200 Buyers nec 43010 Agents nfs 43020 Commercial travellers 43030 Manufacturers and sales agents 43090 Other specialized agents 44110 Insurance, real state or securities salesmen, nfs 44120 Insurance salesmen and agents 44130 Real estate agents 44140 Brokers 44150 Stockbrokers 44160 Patent Agents 44190 Insurance, real estate and securities salesmen nec 44200 Advertising salesmen 44320 Auctioneers 44330 Appraisers 45120 Salespeople, wholesale or retail trade 45130 Clerks in shops and stores 45140 Fashion models 45190 Other sales personnel men, shop assistants and demonstrators 45220 Street sellers, pedlars and hawkers, non-food items 45230 Street sellers, pedlars and hawkers, food items 45240 Newsvendors 45250 Canvassers 45290 Other street traders for coffee and food 49020 Pawnbrokers 49030 Scrap and junk dealers, scavengers 49040 Street vendors, canvassers and news vendors, newsvendors 49090 Dealers and salesworkers nec 51020 Hotel keepers and managers 51030 Restaurant keepers and managers 51040 Boarding and lodging house keepers and managers 51050 Pub, saloon, tavern and coffee house keepers 51060 Ship's pursers 51090 Other hospitality and entertainment keepers and managers 52020 Housekeeper 52030 Stewards 52040 Matrons 52050 Butlers 52090 Other housekeeping service supervisors 53100 Cooks 53101 Cook (domestic) UK only 53102 Cook (not domestic) 53103 Ship's cooks 53220 Waiter or waitress 53230 Bartender 53290 Other food and drink service workers 54010 Servants nfs 54020 House servants nfs and maids 54030 Personal servants and valets 54040 Nursemaids 54050 Companions 54060 Chambermaids and room attendants 54090 Other specified servants 55100 Caretakers and janitors 55200 Charworkers 55230 Window cleaners 55240 Chimney sweeps 55250 Refuse collectors and removers 55290 Other charworkers, cleaners and related workers 56000 Washing and laundry services 57020 Hairdressers 57030 Barbers 57040 Bath attendants 57090 Other barbers, hairdressers and related workers 58100 Firefighters 58210 Policemen and detectives, employer unknown 58220 Policemen and detectives, public service 58230 Policemen and detectives, private service 58240 Sheriffs and their deputies 58290 Other law enforcement officers 58300 Watchmen and guards 58410 Military, rank unknown 58420 Military officers 58430 Other members of the armed forces 58500 Prison keepers and guards 58900 Other protective service workers 59100 Guides 59200 Undertakers and embalmers 59300 Prostitutes 59920 Bookmakers (sport) 59930 Croupiers 59940 Nursing aids and attendents 59950 Errand boys and errand girls 59960 Practical aid (veterinary) 59990 Other service workers nec 61110 General farmers and farmers nfs 61115 Husbandmen or cottars 61117 Female farmer 61120 Major landowner 61220 Field crop farmers 61230 Orchardists and fruit farmers 61240 Market gardeners 61250 Nurserymen and florists 61260 Livestock farmers 61270 Dairy farmers 61280 Poultry farmers 61290 Other specialised farmers 61320 Farmer and fisherman 61330 Cottar and fisherman 61400 Farm managers, foremen and supervisors nfs 62110 Farm workers, specialisation unknown 62113 Farmer's sons and other male relatives 62200 Farm workers (field crop and vegetables) 62300 Farm labourers, orchard and fruit farm workers 62410 Livestock workers, general or nfs 62420 Cattle workers, except specified dairy 62430 Sheep workers 62440 Pig workers 62450 Fur-bearing animal workers 62460 Horse workers 62461 Grooms and horse keepers (domestic) 62463 Grooms and horse keepers (not domestic) 62470 Horse breaker 62490 Livestock workers, nec 62500 Farm workers (dairy) 62600 Farm workers (poultry) 62710 Gardeners nfs 62711 Gardener (domestic) 62713 Gardener (not domestic) 62720 Market garden labourers 62730 Nursery labourers 62740 Landscape gardeners 62790 Other nursery workers and gardeners 62800 Farm machinery operators 62920 Other animal workers e.g., dogs, elephants 62930 Other plant workers e.g., gathers of herbs etc. 62940 Groundskeepers, etc. 62990 Others in agricultural or husbandry 63110 Woodsmen and workers in the woods, nfs 63120 Lumbermen, loggers and kindred workers 63130 River drivers 63140 Wood cutters and choppers 63190 Others in logging and wood cutting 63220 Foresters and wood wardens 63230 Forestry workers 63240 Timber cruisers 63250 Forest fire-fighters 63290 Other forestry workers 64100 Fishermen 64920 Fish farm workers 64930 Oyster farm workers 64940 Whale hunters 64950 Whale or seal hunters 64960 Seal hunters 64970 Trappers or hunters 64990 Other fishermen, hunters and related workers 71120 Miners 71130 Quarrymen 71190 Others working in mines and quarries 71200 Mineral or stone treaters 71300 Well drillers, borers and related workers 72000 Metal workers, specialisation unknown 72100 Metal smelter and furnacemen 72200 Metal rollers 72300 Metal melters and reheaters, and workers in metal melting mills 72400 Metal casters and workers in metal casting plants 72500 Metal moulders and coremakers 72600 Metal annealers, temperers and hardeners 72700 Metal drawers and workers in metal drawing 72800 Metal platers and coaters 72900 Other (specialised) metal workers 73100 Wood treaters 73200 Sawyers and other titled wood/sawmill operatives 73300 Papermill machine operators and paper makers 74000 Chemical workers, product nfs 74100 Drug workers 74200 Gunpowder and explosive makers 74320 Charcoal burners 74330 Coal gas makers 74340 Tar makers 74390 Other coal product makers e.g., coke 74420 Salt makers 74430 Alkali and soda makers 74500 Oil mill workers 74620 Paint and varnish makers 74630 Dye makers 74640 Ink, blacking, colouring, etc., makers 74720 Tallow chandlers, candle makers and grease makers 74730 Soap and perfume makers 74740 Glue, size and gelatine makers 74750 Wax and polish makers 74920 Fertilizer and manure makers 74930 Starch makers 74940 Turpentine makers 74990 Specified chemical workers nec 75000 Textile workers, specialisation unknown 75100 Fibre preparers 75200 Spinners, doublers, twisters and winders 75300 Weaving and knitting-machine setters and pattern-card preparers 75400 Weavers 75500 Knitters 75600 Bleachers, dyer or textile product finisher 75700 Rope makers 75920 Net maker 75990 Other specialised textile workers nec 76110 Tanners or fellmongers, specialisation unknown 76120 Fellmongers 76130 Tanners 76140 Leather curriers and finishers 76190 Other specified leather curers 76200 Fur and pelt dressers 77100 Millers and related workers 77200 Sugar refiners 77310 Butchers 77320 Pork butchers 77340 Slaughterer, meat cutters or meat packer 77350 Sausage makers 77360 Fish butchers 77380 Meat cannery workers and other meat preservers (not sausages) 77390 Other workers in meat preparation 77400 Cannery workers and other food preservers 77500 Butter, cheese and dairy product makers 77610 Baker and confectioner 77620 Bakers 77630 Confectioners and pastry makers 77640 Candy makers 77650 Chocolate makers 77690 Other baked goods makers 77700 Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers 77820 Brewers 77830 Maltsters 77840 Wine workers 77850 Vinegar makers and workers 77860 Distillers 77870 Makers of soft drinks 77880 Bottlers 77890 Other drinks makers and workers 77990 Other food and beverage processors 78100 Tobacco preparers and tobacco factory workers 78200 Cigar makers 78300 Cigarette makers 78400 Other tobacco product makers 79120 Tailors and tailoresses 79130 Dressmakers 79190 Other garment makers 79200 Furriers and fur workers 79320 Milliners 79330 Hat makers 79340 Straw hat makers 79390 Other hat makers 79400 Glove makers and related workers 79520 Seamstresses 79530 Sewers and sewing machine operators 79540 Embroiderers 79590 Others hand sewers 79620 Upholsterers (except vehicle) 79630 Vehicle trimmers and upholsterers 79640 Mattress makers 79690 Others working in upholstery jobs 79920 Sail, tent and awning makers 79930 Umbrella makers 79940 Artificial flower makers 79990 Other cloth and related product manufacturing workers 80100 Boot and shoe makers and repairers 80200 Specialised occupations in the boot and shoe making industry 80320 Saddlers and harness makers 80330 Trunk or bag maker 80390 Other leather goods makers 81120 Cabinet makers 81130 Chair makers 81140 Wicker furniture makers 81190 Other furniture makers 81210 Woodworkers 81220 Sawyers, woodworking 81230 Wood turners and handle makers 81240 Wood planers 81250 Wood carvers 81290 Other woodworking machine operators 81300 Coach, carriage and wagon makers 81400 Wheelwrights and cartwrights 81500 Coopers, hoop makers and benders 81600 Clog makers 81710 Box makers nfs 81720 Wooden box makers 81730 Paper box makers 81790 Box makers nec 81920 Wooden tool makers 81930 Ski makers 81990 Other makers of wooden products 82000 Stone carvers or cutters and stone yard workers 83120 Blacksmiths 83130 Hammersmiths 83140 Forgemen 83150 Farriers or horseshoers 83160 Specialised makers of forged metal products 83190 Other blacksmiths, hammermen and forgeing-press operators 83210 Tool makers nfs 83220 Tool and die makers 83230 Pattern makers nfs and nec 83290 Other tool makers and metal markers 83310 Metalworking machine operators 83320 Metal turners 83390 Other metal working machine operators 83400 Machinists 83520 Metal polishers and finishers 83530 Metal grinders and sharpeners 83540 Cutlers and cutting instrument makers 83550 Cutler (knives, forks, spoon) 83590 Other metal grinders, polishers and tool sharpeners nec 83600 Gunsmiths 83700 Locksmiths 83820 Saw makers 83830 Saw, spade, shovel and half wood/half metal agricultural instrument type things 83840 Chain makers 83850 Nailer and nail makers 83860 Wire makers 83890 Other metal workers nec 84110 Mechanics 84120 Millwrights 84130 Machine makers, builders and fitters 84140 Engine and locomotive builders 84150 Sewing machine makers and builders 84190 Other machinery fitters and machine assemblers 84220 Watch and clock makers 84230 Optical instrument makers and workers (not opticians) 84290 Other specialized instrument makers (not musical instrument makers) 84300 Bicycle makers 84400 Motor vehicle manufacturing and repair workers, specialization unknown 84460 Automobile manufacturing workers 84900 Others in machinery 85100 Electrical fitters and electrical equipment assemblers 85500 Electricians and wiremen 85600 Telephone and telegraph installers 85700 Linesmen: telephone, telegraph and electric 85920 Electrical products inspector or tester 85990 Other electrical fitters and related electrical workers 87120 Plumbers 87130 Pipe fitters 87220 Welders 87230 Braziers 87250 Flamecutter 87290 Other welders, braziers, solderers 87320 Sheet metal worker, general 87330 Coppersmith or copperware maker 87340 Tinsmith, tinner or tinker 87350 Boilermaker 87390 Other sheet metal workers 87420 Structural metal workers 87430 Rivetters nec 87490 Other structural metal preparers and erectors 87520 Ship and boat builders 87530 Shipwrights and ship joiners 87540 Ship's carpenters 87550 Block, mast and tackle makers 87560 Caulker 87590 Other ship builders 88020 Jewellers 88030 Goldsmith 88040 Silversmith 88050 Working with gems and stones 88090 Other jewellery and precious metal workers 89120 Glass makers 89130 Glass bottle makers 89190 Other specific glass makers 89200 Pottery and porcelain makers and workers 89300 Brick and tile makers 89400 Glass engravers, etchers and finishers 89500 Pottery and porcelain painters 89620 Cement makers 89630 Lime burners 89700 Clay-based products makers 90100 Rubber product makers 90200 Tire makers and vulcanisers 91020 Paper and paperboard products makers, except boxes 91090 Other paper product makers 91100 Paper and paper board product makers 92000 Printers nec 92110 Printers nfs 92120 Compositors 92190 Other compositors and typesetters 92200 Lithographic printers 92300 Stereotypers and electrotypers 92400 Lithographers 92500 Photo-engravers 92600 Bookbinders and related workers 92800 Textile printers 92900 Other printers and related workers 93110 Painters, nfs 93120 Painters, construction 93130 Painters, ship 93190 Other specialised painters nec 93200 Decorators 93320 Lacquerers and enamellers 93330 Japanners 93400 Gilders 94110 Musical instrument maker nfs 94120 Piano maker 94130 Piano tuner 94140 Organ builder 94190 Other musical instrument makers and tuner 94220 Basket makers 94230 Brush makers 94240 Broom makers 94290 Bristle and straw workers nec 94300 Non-metallic mineral product makers 94910 Other production or related worker, specialisation unknown 94920 Animal stuffers, taxidermists and shell workers 94930 Linoleum makers and floor cloth makers 94940 Toy and doll makers 94990 Production and related workers nec 95110 Mason nfs or combined 95120 Bricklayers 95130 Stone masons 95140 Plasterers 95150 Paviours 95160 Marble mason 95190 Others in construction 95200 Cement masons and finishers 95310 Roofer, specialisation unknown 95320 Slate and tile roofers 95330 Thatchers 95390 Other roofers 95410 Carpenter and joiner 95420 Carpenters 95430 Joiners 95440 Scaffolders 95490 Other wooden construction workers 95600 Pipe coverers and insulators 95700 Glaziers 95910 Construction workers nec 95920 Paperhangers 95930 Carpet planners 95940 Whitewashers 95950 Demolition workers 95960 Marblers 95990 Others in building construction 96100 Electricity generators 96220 Engineers (US) nfs 96230 Stationary engineers and engine men 96240 Stationary firemen and firemen nfs 96900 Other stationary engine and related equipment operators 97120 Ship boat loaders and dock workers 97130 Railway freight handlers 97140 Porters 97150 Packers 97190 Other freight handlers 97210 Riggers nec or nfs 97220 Ship riggers 97300 Crane and hoist operators 97410 Navvy, excavator and diggers, nfs 97420 Road builders, workers and labourers 97430 Railway builders, workers and labourers 97440 Waterway and harbour builders, workers and labourers 97490 Other road, railway and related construction labourers 97900 Material handling equipment operators nec 98120 Seamen 98130 Boatmen and canalmen 98190 Other crew of boats, ships, etc. 98200 Ship's engine men 98300 Railway/railroad locomotive operators 98320 Railway/railroad engineers and enginemen 98330 Railway/railroad firemen and stokers 98420 Railway brakemen 98430 Railway signallers 98440 Railway switchmen and shunters 98490 Others skilled railway workers 98510 Drivers, nec 98520 Drivers (private) 98530 Drivers (personal, for hire) 98540 Drivers (public) 98550 Delivery men and drivers of goods 98560 Drivers (general haulage) 98562 Carter (agricultural) 98570 Teamsters (inc. mine driver, etc.) 98590 Others drivers 98700 Lock and gate keepers 98720 Lock keepers 98730 Gate keepers 98900 Other transport equipment operators 99120 Labourers nfs 99130 Common labourers or general labourers 99140 Day labourers (e.g., journalier) 99150 Worker nfs 99200 Factory labourers (unspecified) 99300 Occupational title unclassifiable 99420 Assistants nfs 99430 Helpers nfs 99440 Helpers of relative or helping at home 99450 Apprentices nfs 99500 Ambiguous responses 99998 Alternative occupation (Sweden) 99999 No occupation/unknown OCCHISCO is a uniformly coded classification of occupations that is consistent across all countries. It is the most complicated variable to code consistently in the pre-1950 samples, and the present documentation does not fully cover the issues addressed. We will be progressively adding to the level of detail available on this variable. For example, we will occasionally provide examples of common responses below each code so that users will be able to see what responses were coded where. Users with queries about the coding of specific occupations should contact the IPUMS staff in the first instance. Users interested in variation in occupational responses below the level of detail provided in the codes (e.g., distinguishing "caretakers" from "janitors") should look at the OCCSTRNG variable. The codes for OCC were adapted from the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO) coding scheme. More information on HISCO is available in M.H.D. van Leeuwen, I. Maas and A. Miles. (2002) HISCO: Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. Leuven: Leuven University Press. HISCO in turn is based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations from 1968, commonly known as ISCO-68. Information on HISCO can also be located at the HISCO database of occupational titles, and the International Institute of Social History. More information on the adaptations IPUMS made to HISCO can be found in the article "Occupational Classification in the North Atlantic Population Project" (2003), Historical Methods, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Part 2), pp.89-96. Structure of the classification scheme The classification scheme is hierarchical, in the sense that each digit in the 5 digit codes introduces a new level of detail. Codes sharing the same first 1, 2 or 3 digits are considered to be increasingly similar. For example, all people working in agriculture have the first digit 6. The first digit of a code indicates the "Major group" a person's occupation is in. The second digit indicates a "Minor group" distinction. Continuing the previous example, people who have the first two digits "61" are farmers - who may specify what they are cultivating or tending - and farm managers. Thus, as well as sharing the characteristic of working in agriculture (6) they also share the characteristic of being owners or managers (61). The first 3 digits denote the "Unit group" of an occupation. At the third digit level, we introduce more detail. For example, the unit group "612" indicates "Specialized farmers". Within this unit group, 4th and 5th digit distinctions known as "titles" or "headings" are made. For example, "61220" indicates "Field crop farmers," and "61230" indicates "Orchardists and fruit farmers." Understanding headings In general, if the last two digits of a code are "00" the heading is reserved for general titles. For example, in unit group "721" for "Metal smelter and furnace workers", the heading "72100" is reserved for responses such as "Metal smelter" and "Furnace men." If the last two digits of a code are "10" the heading is reserved for "not further specified" titles (often abbreviated "n.f.s." or "nfs" in syntax files), and codes ending in "20", "30" and higher multiples of 10 are reserved for responses with more detail on some aspect of the occupation. For example, "58210" is the code for "Policemen and detectives, employer unknown," whereas "58220" and "58230" are the codes for "Policemen and detectives, public service," and "Policemen and detectives, private service" respectively. Headings ending in digits other than "0" (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 9) are generally reserved for frequent responses specific to a particular country that probably belong with responses sharing the same first four digits of the heading. For example, "61115" ("Husbandman or cottar") in Norway and Sweden and "61117" ("Female farmer") in Canada could be classified with "Other general farmers" ("61110"), but occurred frequently enough that we felt they should be given a separate code for easier identification. If the last two digits of a code are "90", the heading is reserved for "not elsewhere classified" responses. For example, "58290" is the code for "Other law enforcement officers". The difference between "n.f.s." and "n.e.c." responses is that "n.f.s." responses are quite general, and may not offer much detail on the tasks and duties of the job. Conversely, "n.e.c." responses are typically quite detailed in the information provided, but there are not enough similar responses to justify a separate heading. Alterations to HISCO Compared to HISCO we have reduced the overall number of headings, while still introducing new ones, and retaining more detail from vaguely specified occupations. In general, we made the fewest changes to the structure of the HISCO codes in major groups 0 and 1 (professional workers). We re-organized the codes within major groups 2 (administrative and managerial workers), 3 (clerical workers), 4 (sales workers), 5 (service workers), and 6 (workers in agriculture). We made the most substantial revisions in moving people between major groups in the manufacturing and transport major groups (7, 8, and 9). In particular, we created codes for vague responses of the form "Works in [specified type of] factory," such as "Works in cotton mill." We grouped these workers with "Laborers" and titled, skilled workers in the same general industry. We eliminated codes where HISCO made distinctions that were not consistently made in nineteenth century census data. For example, HISCO distinguished between hand and machine spinners. We found that most spinners did not specify whether they were spinning by hand or machine, more often giving information on what they were spinning (e.g., cotton, wool, silk), or a firm's name. We introduced codes to handle vague occupations, as discussed above. We also created codes to retain linguistic and nominal distinctions above a rough frequency level. These distinctions are generally made in the fourth and fifth digit of the codes. For example, we distinguish between "Farm workers, specialisation unknown" (62110) and "Farmer's sons and other male relatives" (62113), because "farmer's son" was a numerically significant response in Canada. Both are considered part of the "Farm labourers and helpers, general farming and n.f.s" unit group (621). Other variables Responses to the occupational questions also returned information that cannot be classified within an occupational classification scheme, such as relationship to workers, or indications of status. Please see the documentation for the variables OCRELATE and OCSTATUS. Information on the products sold by retail workers (Major Group 4) is available in the variable PRODUCT. Occupations were also coded into domestic occupational classification schemes in Great Britain, Norway, and the United States. See the documentation for the following variables for more information. Norway OC1HIRNO OC1TRDNO OC2HIRNO OC2TRDNO United Kingdom OCCICEM United States OCC95US IPUMS Occupation ICEM classification, historical UK 001 Post office -- telegraphists, telephone operators 002 Other post office officers and clerks 003 Postmen 004 Post office messengers, etc. 005 MPs, ministers of the crown and peers 006 Other civil service officers and clerks 007 Prison officers 008 Senior offials and others in east india service 009 Other civil service messengers, etc. (inc. porters) 010 Prison service messengers, etc. 011 Police 012 Poor law service 013 Municipal, parish, and other local or county officers 014 Municipal, parish, and local or county sheriffs and clerks 015 Municipal, parish, and other local or county workers 016 Librarians 017 Army officers (effective) 018 Militia and yeomanry officers (effective) 019 Army officers (retired) 020 Soldiers and non-commissioned officers 021 Militia and yeomanry men 022 Officers of the navy (effective) 023 Officers of the navy (retired) 024 Men of the navy (inc coastguards) 025 Officers of the marines (effective) 026 Officers of the marines (retired) 027 Men of the marines 028 Clergyman of the established church (church of england in england and wales, church of scotland in scotland) 029 Roman catholic priest 030 Minister, priest, of united free church 031 Minister, priest, of episcopalian church in scotland 032 Minister, priest, of united presbyterian church 033 Minister, priest, of other religious bodies 034 Itinerant preacher, scripture reader, mission worker 035 Monks 036 Nun, sister of charity 037 Church, chapel, cemetery -- officer, etc. 038 Barrister, advocate 039 Solicitor 040 Law clerk 041 Others connected with law 042 Physician, sugeon, registered practitioner, including poor law hospitals doctors, etc. 043 Dentists and dentists assistants 044 Veterinary surgeons 045 Midwives 046 Nurses (medical not domestic) including poor law nurses 047 Hospital sick nurses 048 Medical assistants 049 Subordinate medical service (unqualified) and medical services -- general 050 Hospital workers general -- default 051 Hospital medical service 052 Schoolmasters and teachers -- default 053 University teachers 054 School service (pupil teachers) 055 Others connected with education -- school service general, attendants, clerks, etc. 056 Authors editors journalists and creative advertising workers 057 Reporters and shorthand writers 058 Others in writing 059 Engaged in scientific pursuits (inc. inventors and scientific qualifiers) 060 Others scientific 061 Others connected with literature, etc. -- literary and scientific institution service 062 Others connected with literature, etc. -- political and election agents 063 Librarians (literary, scientific society) 064 Mining engineers 065 Civil engineers 066 Land, house, ship -- surveyor 067 Mining engineers assistants 068 Civil engineers assistants 069 Surveyors assistants 070 Painters (artists) 071 Sculptors (artists) 072 Architects 073 Engravers (artists) and lithographic artists 074 Map chart geographical engravers 075 Photographers 076 Musician, music master, singer (not teachers) 077 Actors 078 Architects assistants 079 Art, music, theatre, cinema -- service, etc. 080 Performers showmen exhibition service 081 Billiards cricket and other games service 082 Domestic indoor servants in hotels, lodging houses and eating houses 083 Other domestic indoor servants -- governesses 084 Other domestic indoor servants -- undefined 085 Domestic -- coachman 086 Domestic -- motor car driver, motor car attendant 087 Domestic gardener 088 Gamekeeper 089 Army college, club -- service 090 Other college, club -- service 091 Prison officers (reformatory school) 092 Prison service messengers, etc. (reformatory school) 093 Hospital, institution (not poor law), and benevolent society -- service (not sick nurses, medical men, or schoolmasters) 094 Park, lodge, gate, etc. -- keeper (not government) 095 Church chapel cemetery caretakers keepers 096 Hospital servants' registry office keepers 097 Caretaker, office keepers (not government) -- school cleaners,caretakers 098 Cooks (not domestic) 099 Cooks (college: non-resident) 100 Cooks (boarding lodging house: non-resident) 101 Cooks (domestic: non-resident) 102 Day girls, day servants (other indoor) 103 Day girls, day servants (hotels lodging eating houses) 104 Charwomen 105 Laundry worker: washer, ironer, mangler, etc. (Not domestic) 106 Bath and wash-house service 107 Governesses (domestic)(non-resident) 108 Servants -- undefined (non-resident) 109 Others in service 110 Window cleaners 111 Merchant -- commodity undefined 112 Brokers, factors, commercial agents (not -- mine, quarry, insurance) 113 Salesmen and buyers (not otherwise described) 114 Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents 115 Accountants 116 Auctioneers appraisers valuers house agents 117 Surveyors (house agents) 118 Officers of commercial and others companies 119 Commercial or business clerks 120 Bankers 121 Bank service, bank officials and clerks 122 Bill brokers, agents and discounters 123 Insurance officials clerks 124 Insurance agents 125 Railway official -- inspectors, supervisors, clerk 126 Railway ticket-examiner, collector, checker 127 Railway engine -- driver stoker cleaner 128 Railway guard 129 Signalman 130 Pointsman, level crossing man, gatekeepers 131 Platelayer, ganger, packer 132 Railway labourer (not railway contractor's labourer) 133 Railway porter 134 Other railway servants 135 Livery stable keepers, cab and bus owners 136 Horse proprietor, breeder, dealer 137 Motor garage -- proprietor, worker 138 Coachman (not domestic): cabman 139 Horsekeeper, groom, stableman (not domestic) 140 Motor car driver (not domestic); motor cab driver 141 Carmen carriers carters and draymen 142 Hauliers (mine) 143 Water carriers 144 Motor van, etc. drivers 145 Van, etc.-- guard, boy 146 Others connected with carriage/cartage (not mine) 147 Others connected with carriage/cartage (mine) 148 Omnibus horse drivers (default) 149 Omnibus motor drivers 150 Omnibus conductors 151 Omnibus service -- others 152 Tramway service drivers 153 Tramway service conductors 154 Tramway service -- others 155 Others on roads -- toll collectors 156 Others on roads -- wheelchair proprietors, attendants 157 Merchant service; seaman -- navigating department 158 Merchant service; seaman -- engineering department 159 Merchant service: seaman -- cooks, stewards, and others (subsidiary service) 160 Boatmen on seas (seamen general) 161 Pilots of ships 162 Bargemen lightermen watermen (and canal workers generally) 163 Canal and inland navigation service (on shore) 164 Ship and boat owners 165 Steam navigation service 166 Stevedores, wharf and dock labourers 167 Harbour, dock, wharf, lighthouse -- officials and servants 168 Warehousemen (not manchester goods) 169 Meters, weighers engaged in storage 170 Coalheaver; coal -- porter, labourer 171 Messenger, porter, watchman (not railway or government) 172 Telegraph, telephone -- service (not government) 173 Farmer, grazier 174 Crofters 175 Farmer's, grazier's -- son, daughter, or other relative assisting in the work of the farm 176 Crofters -- son, daughter, or other relative assisting in the work of the farm 177 Farm -- bailiffs stewards foremen 178 Shepherd 179 Agricultural labourer, farm servant -- distinguished as in charge of cattle 180 Agricultural labourer, farm servant -- distinguished as in charge of horses 181 Agricultural labourer, farm servant -- not otherwise distinguished 182 Woodman 183 Nurseryman, seedsman, florist 184 Market gardener (including labourer) 185 Other gardener (not domestic) 186 Agricultural machine -- proprietor, attendant 187 Others in agriculture 188 Land drainage service 189 Rabbit catchers trappers destroyers (on farm) 190 Others engaged about animals (non-agriculture) 191 Vermin destroyers (agriculture) 192 Thatchers (agriculture) 193 Others in coal coke peat and charcoal (inc. agricultural: peat/turf workers) 194 Fishermen 195 Fishermen crofter 196 Coal miners - hewers, workers at the coal face 197 Shale miner 198 Coal miners -- others below ground and undefined 199 Railway labourers navvies (coal mine) 200 Coal miners above ground 201 Mine service engineers 202 Mine -- owner, agent, manager 203 Mine service others (coal) 204 Coke burners 205 Factory labourers (undefined) coke and gas 206 Patent fuel manufacture 207 Iron -- miner, quarrier 208 Copper miner 209 Tin miner 210 Lead miner 211 Miners in other or undefined minerals 212 Gold miner 213 Silver miner 214 Metalliferous mine -- owner, general manager, captain 215 Metalliferous mine -- other mine service 216 Stone quarry managers agents 217 Slate quarry managers agents 218 Sand flint clay gravel chalk managers agents 219 Other quarries managers agents 220 Stone quarry mine owners 221 Slate quarry mine owners 222 Sand flint clay gravel quarry mine owners 223 Fossil coprolite quarry mine owners 224 Stone quarriers 225 Limestone quarrier 226 Stone cutters dressers 227 Slate quarriers 228 Slate workers cutters dressers 229 Lime burners 230 Sand flint clay gravel chalk workers 231 Fossil coprolite diggers 232 Other workers in quarries 233 Emery, sand paper maker 234 Asbestos maker 235 Coal merchants and dealers 236 Coke dealers 237 Stone dealers 238 Slate dealers 239 Sand flint clay gravel dealers 240 Fossil coprolite dealers 241 Pig iron manufacture (blast furnace) 242 Puddling furnaces; iron and steel rolling mills 243 Tube manufacture 244 Steel -- manufacture, smelting, founding 245 Galvanized sheet manufacture 246 Tinplate manufacture 247 Copper manufacture 248 Lead manufacture 249 Zinc manufacture 250 Brass, bronze-manufacture 251 Gold silver smelters, etc. (extraction) 252 Manufacture of other or unspecified metals 253 Patternmakers (engine and machine making (undefined -- not textile) 254 Patternmakers (spinning weaving machinery making) 255 Patternmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) 256 Patternmakers (domestic machinery making) 257 Patternmakers (undefined) 258 Millwright 259 Ironfounder -- moulders, core makers, fetter, cupola, overn-man, foundry labourer, other and undefined 260 Brass founders 261 Farriers 262 Blacksmiths 263 Fitters, turners (engine and machine) 264 Colliery fitters 265 Railway -- signal switch turntable fitters 266 Fitters, turners (engine and machine) labourers 267 Brass finishers 268 Coppersmiths (various) 269 Metal machinists (engine and machine making) 270 Metal machinists (spinning weaving machinery making) 271 Metal machinists (agricultural machine and implement making) 272 Metal machinists (domestic machinery making) 273 Undefined engine and machine making (not textile) 274 Labourers (undefined) in engineering works 275 Boiler makers 276 Other workers (spinning weaving machinery making) 277 Other workers in textile machinery fittings 278 Engine and machine makers (undefined -- not textile) 279 Domestic machinery makers 280 Agricultural machine and implement makers 281 Railway -- signal switch turntable makers 282 Riveters riggers metal plate workers (not ships, textiles, boilers) 283 Technicians (unspecified) 284 Electrical cable makers 285 Electrical lamp makers 286 Other electrical apparatus makers 287 Electricians (undefined) 288 Printing reglet makers 289 Toolmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) 290 Toolmakers 291 Domestic implement makers -- toolmakers 292 File makers 293 Saw makers 294 Cutlery and scissor makers 295 Needle makers 296 Pin makers 297 Steel pen makers 298 Roller engravers block cutters (for textile printing) 299 Type founders 300 Die, seal, coin, medal -- maker 301 Gunsmiths 302 Ordnance manufacture 303 Arms and ordnance -- others 304 Sword and bayonet makers 305 Nail manufacture 306 Bolt nut rivet and screw manufacture 307 Anchor and chain manufacture 308 Gas stove makers 309 Stove grate range fire-iron makers 310 Brass bedstead makers 311 Iron bedstead makers 312 Wire/spring mattress makers 313 Wire makers workers weavers 314 Wire fencer 315 Lock, key makers 316 Gas fittings makers 317 Lamp, lantern, candlestick -- maker 318 Silver-smiths, buffers, burnishers, finishers 319 Pewter white metal plated ware manufacture 320 Metal refiners workers 321 Tinplate goods manufacture 322 Copper workers 323 Leaden goods manufacture (various) 324 Zinc goods workers 325 Brass bronze implement makers 326 Brass, bronze goods workers 327 Brass clasp buckle hinge makers 328 Iron domestic implement makers 329 Iron clasp buckle hinge makers 330 Iron fence and gate maker 331 Other iron goods makers 332 Fire proof safe maker 333 Spring maker 334 Iron workers (undefined) 335 Other implement makers 336 Tin workers 337 Metal burnishers (undefined) 338 Fancy chain ring gilt toy makers 339 Other metal workers 340 Mixed or unspecified metals -- tube manufacture 341 Bath maker 342 Clasp buckle hinge makers -- not brass or iron 343 Whitesmiths 344 Shackle makers 345 Ship boat platers rivetters 346 Metal ships -- workers in iron 347 Fitters (ships) 348 Shipwrights -- wood ships 349 Shipwrights -- metal ships 350 Wood ships -- worker in wood 351 Mast, yard, oar, block maker 352 Ship boat painters (wood) 353 Ship boat painters (iron) 354 Shipyard labourers (undefined) 355 Others in ship/boat building -- wood (default) 356 Others in ship/boat building -- metal 357 Riggers (ships) 358 Ship chandler 359 Sailmakers 360 Railway -- coach, wagon maker 361 Tram car maker 362 Bicycle makers, bicycle repairers 363 Motor car chassis maker: motor car mechanic 364 Motor car body maker 365 Coach, carriage -- maker 366 Wheelwright 367 Cartwrights 368 Perambulator maker 369 Ironmonger; hardware -- dealer, merchant 370 General household appliance dealers 371 Dealers in printers materials 372 Dealers in electrical apparatus 373 Office machinery dealers 374 Bicycle dealers 375 Motor car dealers 376 Dealers in copper 377 Dealers in tin, tinplate 378 Zinc dealers 379 Lead dealers 380 Metal dealers 381 Other dealers in machines, implements, etc. 382 Gold and silversmiths jewellers (not dealers) 383 Lapidaries and other precious material workers 384 Gold and silver beaters 385 Other workers gold silver jewellery 386 Watch and clock makers 387 Philosophical instrument makers (scientific and optical) 388 Photographic apparatus makers 389 Weighing and measuring machine makers 390 Tinmen (meter making) 391 Dental instrument and apparatus makers 392 Surgical instrument and apparatus makers 393 Piano organ makers 394 Other musical instrument makers 395 Toy makers 396 Fishing tackle makers 397 Apparatus for other games makers 398 Gold and silversmiths jewellers (dealers) 399 Musical instrument dealers 400 Toy dealers 401 Fishing tackle dealers 402 Apparatus for other games dealers 403 Photographic apparatus, philosophical instrument (scientific and optical) -- dealers 404 Weighing and measuring machine dealers 405 Builders 406 Thatchers (not agriculture) 407 Builders' labourer 408 Builders' excavators 409 Carpenter, joiner 410 Carpenter's, joiner's -- labourer 411 Stove setters furnace oven liners 412 Bricklayer 413 Bricklayer's labourer 414 Mason 415 Mason's labourer 416 Slaters and tilers 417 Plasterer 418 Plasterer's labourer 419 Whitewashers 420 Paperhangers 421 Painters, distemperers and decorators 422 Glaziers lead window makers 423 Architectural, monumental -- carver, sculptor 424 Monumental mason 425 Plumber, pipe fitter 426 Gasfitter 427 Locksmith, bellhanger 428 Contractors: public works: sewer drainage dock harbour canal 429 Railway contractors 430 Pond reservoir makers 431 Sea wall groyne labourers pile drivers 432 Railway labourers navvies (contractors labourers) default 433 Well, mine -- sinker, borer 434 Road -- contractor, surveyor, inspector 435 Paviors 436 Road labourers 437 Cabinet makers 438 Furniture and fittings -- others 439 French polisher 440 Upholsterer 441 Hot water apparatus pipe jointers 442 House and shop fittings makers 443 Refrigerator maker 444 Undertaker; funeral furniture maker 445 Wood carver 446 Wood gilder 447 Willow cane and rush workers 448 Cane, rush, straw -- other workers 449 Willow cane and rush dealers 450 Dealer in works of art 451 Furniture brokers dealers 452 House and shop fittings dealers 453 Sawyer; wood cutting machinist 454 Lath, wooden fence, hurdle-maker 455 Wood turner 456 Wooden box, packing case -- maker 457 Cooper; hoop -- maker, bender 458 Cork, bark -- cutter, worker 459 Timber wood workers 460 Besom maker 461 Other workers in wood 462 Timber merchants wood dealers 463 Cork and bark dealers 464 Brick, plain tile, terra-cotta -- maker 465 Plaster, cement -- manufacture 466 Earthenware figure and image makers 467 Earthenware, china, porcelain -- manufacture 468 Sheet, plate -- glass manufacture 469 Glass bottle manufacture 470 Other workers in glass manufacture 471 Brick dealers 472 Plaster and cement dealers 473 Earthenware, china, glass -- dealer 474 Dye and paint manufacture 475 Ink and blacking manufacture 476 Gunpowder, guncotton, explosive substance -- manufacture 477 Cartridge, fireworks, explosive article -- manufacture 478 Lucifer match manufacture 479 Salt makers and dealers 480 Manufacturing chemist 481 Alkali manufacture 482 Chemists druggists 483 Drysalters 484 Oil millers oil cake makers 485 Mineral oil worker 486 Tallow chandlers candle and grease manufacture 487 Soap boilers and makers 488 Manure manufacture bone boilers 489 India rubber and gutta percha makers 490 Waterproof goods makers 491 Glue size and gelatine manufacture 492 Other workers in chemicals, etc. 493 Gum manufacture 494 Resin manufacture 495 Sealing wax maker 496 Varnish maker 497 Oil cake dealers 498 Oil and colourmen 499 Soap dealers 500 Other dealers in chemicals, etc. 501 Floorcloth and oilcloth dealers 502 India rubber and gutta percha dealers 503 Waterproof goods dealers 504 Shellac dealers 505 Skinners furriers 506 Tanners fellmongers 507 Curriers 508 Leather goods manufacture (belts, etc.) 509 Parchment, vellum -- maker 510 Saddle harness and whip makers 511 Hair and bristle workers 512 Brush and broom makers 513 Hair plume makers 514 Quill and feathers dressers 515 Dealers in skins 516 Dealers in leather 517 Quill and feathers dealers 518 Hair and bristle dealers 519 Paper manufacture 520 Paper stainer 521 Pencil makers 522 Card, stationery makers 523 Valentine maker 524 Envelope manufacture 525 Paper bag makers 526 Cardboard box maker 527 Ticket writers 528 Other paper workers 529 Stationers (all assumed retail/law stationers) 530 Paper dealers 531 Hand compositors (default) 532 Machine compositors 533 Printing machine minders 534 Stereotypers, electrotypers 535 Music printers 536 Printers so described 537 Others in printing 538 Paper ruler 539 Lithographers 540 Copper plate printers 541 Map makers 542 Bookbinders 543 Publishers, booksellers and librarians (except public librarians) 544 Music publishers, music sellers 545 Map publishers, map and print sellers 546 Newspaper publishers 547 Newspaper agents 548 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture card blowing room processes 549 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture spinning processes 550 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture winding warping processes 551 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture weaving processes 552 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture other processes 553 Sheeting manufacture 554 Muslin embroiderer 555 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture undefined 556 Fustian manufacture 557 Woollen cloth manufacture sorting 558 Woollen cloth manufacture carding combing 559 Wool spinners wool piecers 560 Worsted and stuff manufacture spinners piecers 561 Wool winders wool warpers wool weavers 562 Worsted and stuff manufacture winders warpers weavers 563 Flannel manufacture (various) 564 Blanket manufacture (various) 565 Other weaving processes (wool) 566 Woollen cloth manufacture other processes 567 Tartan and wincey manufacture 568 Worsted and stuff manufacture other processes 569 Knitter (woolen articles) 570 Crimpers 571 Woollen cloth manufacture undefined 572 Worsted and stuff manufacture undefined 573 Fuller 574 Silk workers -- spinners 575 Crepe gauze manufacture (various) 576 Silk workers -- weaving processes 577 Ribbon manufacture 578 Silk workers -- other processes 579 Silk workers -- undefined 580 Flax linen and damask manufacture (various) 581 Hemp manufacture (various) 582 Jute manufacture (various) 583 Cocoa fibre manufacture (various) 584 Rope, twine, cord -- makers 585 Mat manufacture (various) 586 Net manufacture (various) 587 Canvas and sailcloth manufacture (various) 588 Sacking manufacture (various) 589 Tent maker 590 Other fibrous materials makers 591 Thread manufacture (various) 592 Hosiery manufacture 593 Lace manufacture 594 Elastic web makers 595 Felt manufacture (various) 596 Carpet rug manufacture (various) 597 Trimming makers 598 Tape manufacture (various) 599 Fancy goods textile manufacture (various) 600 Shawl makers 601 Knitter (undefined) 602 Embroiderers 603 Curtain makers 604 Tapestry manufacture 605 Weavers sundry fabrics 606 Weavers (undefined) 607 Other workers sundry fabrics undefined 608 Factory hands (textile) undefined (various) 609 Wool woollen goods bleachers 610 Silk bleachers 611 Cotton and calico bleachers 612 Flax linen bleachers 613 Undefined textile bleachers 614 Wool woollen goods printers 615 Silk printers 616 Cotton and calico printers 617 Undefined textile printers 618 Wool woollen goods dyers 619 Silk dyers 620 Cotton and calico dyers 621 Flax linen dyers 622 Undefined textile dyers 623 Wool woollen goods finishers 624 Silk finishers 625 Cotton and calico finishers 626 Flax linen finishers 627 Undefined textile finishers 628 Drapers linen drapers mercers 629 Cotton planter grower 630 Woolstapler wool dealer broker 631 Cloth worsted and stuff merchants dealers 632 Yarn merchant 633 Waste merchant 634 Silk merchants dealers 635 Rope twine cord -- dealers 636 Mat sellers 637 Other fibrous materials dealers 638 Cotton and calico dealers 639 Flax linen dealers 640 Lace dealers 641 Fustian dealers 642 Thread dealers 643 Manchester goods warehousemen 644 Dealers sundry fabrics 645 Straw plait manufacture 646 Straw hat manufacture 647 Felt hat manufacture wollen bonnet manufacture 648 Cloth hat cap manufacture 649 Hat cap (not cloth felt straw) manufacture 650 Milliners (not retail -- workshop/factory) 651 Hatters 652 Milliners (retail) 653 Tailors (not merchants) - default 654 Others clothing manufacturers 655 Clothiers and outfitters (i.e. dealers and merchants) 656 Clothes dealers 657 Dressmakers 658 Stay and corset makers 659 Shirtmakers and seamstresses 660 Button makers 661 Glove manufacture 662 Hosiers haberdashers 663 Shoe and boot makers (and repairers) 664 Slipper makers 665 Patten, clog makers 666 Footwear dealers 667 Artificial flower makers 668 Hairdressers 669 Umbrella parasol and stick makers 670 Accoutrement makers 671 Glove dealers 672 Button dealers 673 Umbrella parasol and stick dealers 674 Other dealers in dress 675 Artificial flower dealers 676 Creamery workers 677 Cowkeepers, milksellers 678 Provision curers 679 Cheesemongers buttermen 680 Provision dealers 681 Slaughterer 682 Butchers and meat salesmen 683 Fish curers 684 Poulterers game dealers 685 Fishmongers 686 Corn millers 687 Corn flour and seed merchants dealers 688 Hay straw and chaff cutters 689 Hay straw and chaff dealers 690 Biscuit cake bread makers 691 Bakers (dealers) 692 Biscuit cake dealers (confectionists) 693 Sugar refiners 694 Jam preserve sweet makers 695 Chocolate cocoa makers 696 Coffee tea planter grower 697 Grocers tea dealers 698 Greengrocers fruiterers potato dealers 699 Ginger beer mineral water manufacture others 700 Mustard vinegar spice pickle makers 701 Ice makers 702 Sugar planter grower 703 Others dealing in food 704 Hop merchants dealers 705 Ice dealers importers vendors 706 Tobacco manufacture 707 Tobacconists 708 Maltsters 709 Brewers 710 Distillers and rectifiers 711 Coffee and eating-house keepers 712 Lodging and boarding-house keepers 713 Innkeepers, hotel keepers and publicans 714 Beersellers 715 Beer bottlers 716 Cellarmen 717 Barmen (not in service) 718 Boarding lodging house waiters (non-resident) 719 Hotel waiters 720 Hotel porters boots knifemen platemen plate cleaners polishers (non-resident) 721 Other hotel servants 722 Wine and spirit merchants 723 Gas works service 724 Waterworks service 725 Other electricity supply 726 Electricity generation distribution 727 Town drainage 728 Scavenging, street cleaners, crossing sweepers, dustmen 729 Circular envelope addressers 730 Advertising agents 731 Billstickers 732 Sandwichmen, bill distributors 733 Cattle sheep etc salesmen 734 Drovers 735 Others engaged about animals (not agriculture) 736 Knacker catsmeat dealers 737 Celluloid makers, workers 738 Tobacco pipe and snuff box manufacture 739 Bone horn ivory tortoise-shell workers 740 Comb makers 741 Floorcloth and oilcloth manufacture 742 Japanners 743 Chimney sweepers 744 Rag dealers 745 Organ grinders 746 Animal, bird preservers taxidermists 747 Figure and image makers not earthenware 748 Gut manufacture 749 Charcoal burners 750 Other workers in sundry industries 751 Dealers in sundry materials 752 Dealers in bookbinders materials 753 Sponge dealer 754 Charcoal dealers 755 Water dealers 756 Receiving shop, receiving office, keepers, assistants 757 Multiple shop keepers 758 General shopkeepers dealers 759 Pawnbrokers 760 Hawkers hucksters costers 761 Manufacturers, managers, superintendents, foremen (unspecified) 762 Contractors -- public works, etc. 763 News boys vendors 764 Corporation borough council labourers (undefined) 765 General labourers 766 Engine drivers, stokers, firemen (not railway, marine, or agricultural) 767 Draughtsmen (undefined) 768 Artisans mechanics 769 Apprentices 770 Factory labourers (undefined) 771 Machinists machine workers undefined 772 Retired (not army or navy) 773 Army pensioners 774 Navy pensioners 775 Pensioners, superannuated 776 Receiving old age pension (occupation or former occupation not stated) 777 Owners of companies 778 Private means 779 Theological students 780 Law students 781 Medical students 782 Literary students 783 Art students 784 Scientific students 785 Other students 786 Agricultural students 787 Scholars etc 788 Wives and others engaged in (own) household duties 789 Wives assisting generally in their husbands occupations (wife of) 790 Widows (of no specified occupation) 791 Children relatives visitors at home 792 Prostitutes 793 Foreign diplomats 794 No specified occupation -- receiving income, support 795 No specified occupation -- children 796 Prisoners, reform school inmates, etc. 797 No specified occupation -- vagrants, unemployed 999 Unknown OCCICEM describes occupation as coded from original string values by the Integrated Census Microdata (I-CeM) project of the University of Essex. I-CeM uses the occupational classification systems from the original census reports for 1851 to 1911 produced by the General Register Offices of London and Edinburgh. For more information, see documentation available on the I-CeM project website. IPUMS Inactive status, historical UK Working 1 Retired 2 Late or formerly occupied 3 Unemployed, with occupation 4 Pensioner, annuitant or superannuated 5 Pauper, in receipt of alms 6 Living on own means, independent 7 Others not currently working 8 Others without occupation (including students) 9 Unknown This variable indicates the reason a person was not working, where such information is available. IPUMS Occupation as transcribed OCCSTRNG is an alphabetic variable that preserves the transcription of an individual's response to questions about their occupation. Although the various occupation and industry codes preserve significant detail on occupation and industry, much variation exists in the occupational strings. OCCSTRNG will primarily be of interest to researchers who are linking census data to other sources, or are investigating occupations at a much more detailed level than offered by the various coding schemes. The collection of occupation information was extensively covered in the instructions to enumerators. Researchers who are interested in OCCSTRNG should also read the enumerator instructions for assistance in interpreting occupational responses. Because of the size of this variable (30 columns), users should not select this variable unless it is essential for their research. Users should be aware that some responses are truncated at this length. OCCSTRNG is a 30-character string variable. IPUMS Surname similarity 001 1st surname in household 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 SURSIM assigns the same code to all persons within each household who had the same surname. Persons coded 1, including the household head, had the same surname as the household head. Other surnames are assigned codes in the order in which they appear within the household on the census form. Persons within a household who shared a surname will have the same code for this variable. IPUMS Age inferred Not altered 1 Age altered by programming 9 Unknown QAGEUK denotes whether the creators of the Great Britain database altered the age as originally recorded. See Integrated Census Microdata (I-CEM) Guide for more information on the imputation process. IPUMS Marital status inferred Marital status not altered by programming 1 Marital status altered by programming 9 Unknown QMARSTUK denotes whether the creators of the historical United Kingdom database altered the marital status as originally recorded. The program makes the following corrections: First it alters ambiguous marital status. Then, those with an unknown marital status who are aged under 26 are assumed to be single and MARST is set to 6 (single), and QMARSTUK set to 1. If they are recorded as being a child or step child of the head of household, regardless of age, they are assumed to be single, and QMARSTUK is set to 1. If an individual has a relationship to household head of wife or husband and a marital status of either single or unknown than their marital status is changed to married and QMARSTUK set to 1. If an individual has a marital status of married yet is aged less than 16 then their marital status is changed to single and QMARSTUK is set to 1. Those individuals whose relationship is given as wife or husband and whose age is less or equal to 15 and whose marital status is given as ever- married then age is reset to missing and QAGEGB set to 2. If an individual has a marital status of married yet is aged less than 16 then their marital status is changed to single and QMARSTUK is set to 1. IPUMS Relationship inferred Relationship status not altered 1 Relationship status altered 9 Unknown QRELUK denotes whether the creators of the database altered the relationship to household head as originally transcribed. The following outline of relationship classification in the British census details why altering the transcribed relationships was sometimes necessary. During the transcription process the LDS made a number of revisions to the relationship to head of household field. These alterations impinge on the manner in which the relationship to head of household has been coded. For the purposes of the LDS' data entry program every household had to have a head of household. If the original census enumerator's book (CEB) contained a household (usually defined as being between a pair of double slashes) whose head was not defined as such that word should be added after the relationship as enumerated. e.g., a family which contained a woman and two children, where the woman was enumerated as being a 'wife' would become the head, i.e. WIFE (HEAD). A problem concerning consistency is compounded by the diligence of some enumerators. Consider a family containing a husband (temporarily absent) who lives with his wife and 20-year old son. One enumerator may have considered the son the head of household and enumerated him as such; another might consider the mother the head and enumerate her as such. Exactly how the transcribers would approach this problem is unclear. If it was necessary to establish a head they were told to use five pieces of information within the CEBs to assist them in their choices: schedule number change of address inhabited strokes household strokes family relationships Note, however, it is impossible to check this process internally because schedule numbers as they appeared in the CEB were not included in the machine-readable version. Transcribers were instructed not to resolve unusual relationships, rather to give them as enumerated with clarifications written in single brackets. They were categorically instructed to leave the original as enumerated if there was any problem. There is evidence to suggest that this was not carried out consistently. If any member of a household was enumerated before the head of household transcribers were instructed to leave it as the enumerator recorded it but adding a note saying that this had occurred. If a household consisted of co-resident family groups and the CEBs gave correct relationships to the head of household (not head of family) the original was not to be altered, for example: // WILSONGEORGEHEAD WILSONMARYWIFE WILSONJOHNSON /JONESROBERTSON IN LAW JONESALICEDAUGHTER JONESJAMESGRANDSON However, it is unclear precisely what would have happened if this family was enumerated as: //WILSONGEORGEHEAD WILSONMARYWIFE WILSONJOHNSON /JONESROBERTSON IN LAW JONESALICEWIFE JONESJAMESSON What would happen? One of two possibilities could be expected. The first would have been to alter the relationships to those as stated in the first example; the second would be to make Robert Jones's relationship HEAD (SON IN LAW) and leave the other relationships as they are. These problems are compounded when considering household 'inmates', i.e., lodgers and boarders. Where distinct households contained only lodgers the first one listed, regardless of age or sex would have the relationship head added as the relationship to the head of household in brackets. If a lodger or boarder was identified as such in the relationship column, and it was clear to the transcriber that s/he resided within that household, the additional head should not have been added, even if there was a single stroke in the CEB. It is unclear on what grounds this rule was applied, though surname and occupation are likely to give clues. When lodgers or boarders were living with their own families and were given relationships to suggest this by the enumerator, the transcribers were instructed to ensure that one of the group should be identified as the head, for example: //WILLIAMSROBERTHEAD WILLIAMSELIZ.WIFE WILLIAMSMARYDAUR /SMITHHENRYLODGER (HEAD) SMITHFANNYWIFE SMITHDAVIDSON When lodgers or boarders were living with their own families and were not given relationships to suggest this by the enumerator, the transcribers were instructed not to make one of them the head of household. Note that transcribers were told to ignore the occupations or names of people only to use the information given in the relationship to head of household column. //WILLIAMSROBERTHEADSHOPKEEPER WILLIAMSELIZ.WIFESHOPKEEPER'S WIFE WILLIAMSMARYDAURSCHOLAR /SMITHHENRYLODGER LABOURER SMITHFANNYLODGERLABOURER'S WIFE SMITHDAVIDLODGERSCHOLAR When relationships within families were given incorrectly to the head of household, transcribers were instructed to add the correct relationship within brackets: //JONESMARYDAUR (HEAD)18 JONESJOHNSON (BROTHER)17 JONESALICEDAUR (SISTER)13 JONESGEORGESON (BROTHER)11 It is perhaps interesting to note that the LDS generally choose the eldest person, regardless of gender as head, rather than the eldest male, the latter probably being the chosen practice of most enumerators. Also, for example: //GREENEDWARDHEAD55 GREENPHOEBEWIFE51 JAMESROBERTSON IN LAW25 JAMESSUSANWIFE (DAUR)25 GREENRICHARDSON20 The transcribers were instructed to transcribe the relationships as enumerated, however the evaluators were instructed not to alter obvious abbreviations. For example, if the CEB says 'Daughter' and it was transcribed as Daur, it will be found in the machine-readable version as DAUR. A single exception to this was the head of household: whatever was found in the CEBs the machine-readable version will contain HEAD. (It is on this basis that we believe that the contents of the HOUSESTD field were allocated to Self or otherwise.) What these rules boil down to is the possibility that there are two possible relationships which can be used in the coding and reformatting program. Depending on the circumstances the different relationships will be used. There are three basic principles behind this coding scheme: 1) that the trailing digit of the code denotes the gender of the individual, as follows: oddmale evenfemale zerogender unknown Thus a male head is 11, a female head 12 and a head of indeterminate gender 10. (The exception to this rule is those people whose relationship code ends in 199 which is a form used for an undetermined relation.) 2) The codes fall into a number of distinct ranges: 0-1999residential kin 2000-2199visitors 3000-3199lodgers and their familial inmates 4000-4199boarders and their familial inmates 5000-5199institutional inmates and their familial inmates 6000-6199servants and their familial inmates 9999others The residential kin codes are grouped reflecting the vertical and lateral relationships to the head of the household. The codes for familial inmates and servants are applied on the same basis as the head's residential kin. For example: Head10 Wife [of head]22 Son31 Daughter32 Lodger's Son3032 There are two problems with the data as produced by the LDS regarding relationship information. These are allowed for with the third principle. 3) Wherever additional information has been added in the transcription phase an attempt is made to make it useable. To account for these alterations and 'corrections' a second code has been added to assist in family and household analysis. The basic principle behind this code is to show the 'real' relationship to the head of the household. Thus the relationship 'Son (Head)' when found in the data is assumed to mean that this individual is the son of an absent head of household and for the purposes of the LDSs exercise this person has become the head of household. In this case the first code is 31 and the second code is 11 [male head]. This secondary information, in brackets, is, with two exceptions always coded in the second code position. The first exception refers to the possibility that the information in the brackets has the same meaning as that without the brackets or if the information without the brackets is not a relationship; the second concerns those that are only present in brackets, thus: table&gt; Wife (Head)2212 Son (in law)3135 Unm (Head)10- Bro Wife (Sis in law)156- (Wife)22- IPUMS Sex inferred Not altered 1 Altered QSEXUK denotes whether the originally-recorded sex was altered by the original data producers. The program checks that each individual has consistently gendered variables, i.e., someone whose first name is female and whose relationship is feminine should also be recorded as female. A dictionary of first names which has been checked manually has been constructed to test whether first names are masculine or feminine-initials are excluded-and the relationship code, which is often gender specific, i.e. wife can only be female, are used to test the entry in the sex variable. If both first name and relationship indicate a different gender to that in the sex variable, the sex variable is altered. If there is still a problem, i.e., the relationship is not gender specific (i.e., head) then the sex is altered in the following ways; For those people where the relationship to head of household is gender- specific, alter the sex if relationship and first name refer to a different sex than the sex variable. For those people where the relationship to head of household is gender- specific, alter the sex if relationship and first name refer to the same sex and the sex variable is unrecorded. IPUMS Household head inferred Not altered 1 Altered 9 Unknown QHEADUK denotes whether the creators of the Great Britain database altered the head of household as originally recorded. IPUMS Person number (within household) United Kingdom 1871: All households Person number (within household). This is a 5-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Person ID <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">1. Name and surname</span> <br />No person absent on the night of Sunday, April 2nd to be entered here; except those who may be rravelling or out at work during that night, and who return home on Monday, April 3rd. <br />Write after the name of the head of the family the names of his wife, children, and other relatives; then visitors, etc., and servants. United Kingdom 1871: All persons Person ID. This is a 7-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Person number within houseful <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">1. Name and surname</span> <br />No person absent on the night of Sunday, April 2nd to be entered here; except those who may be rravelling or out at work during that night, and who return home on Monday, April 3rd. <br />Write after the name of the head of the family the names of his wife, children, and other relatives; then visitors, etc., and servants. United Kingdom 1871: All persons Person number within houseful. This is a 4-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Sex <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">4. Age (last birthday) and sex</span> <br />For infants under one year, state the age in months writing "under 1 month," "1 month," "2 months," etc.</p> <p>[Table with "Males" and "Females" columns omitted.] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown Sex. IPUMS Sex inferred United Kingdom 1871: All persons Not altered 1 Altered Sex inferred. IPUMS Age <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">4. Age (last birthday) and sex</span> <br />For infants under one year, state the age in months writing "under 1 month," "1 month," "2 months," etc.</p> <p>[Table with "Males" and "Females" columns omitted.] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 107 107 109 109 999 Unknown Age. IPUMS Age inferred United Kingdom 1871: All persons 1 Not altered Age inferred. IPUMS Marital status as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">3. Condition</span> <br />Write "Married," "Widower," "Widow," or "Unmarried" against the names of all persons except young children United Kingdom 1871: All persons Marital status as transcribed. This is a 20-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Marital status <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">3. Condition</span> <br />Write "Married," "Widower," "Widow," or "Unmarried" against the names of all persons except young children United Kingdom 1871: All persons 1 Single 2 Married 3 Married, spouse absent 4 Widowed 5 Divorced 9 Unknown Marital status. IPUMS Marital status inferred United Kingdom 1871: All persons Not altered 1 Altered Marital status inferred. IPUMS Relationship to the household head as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant United Kingdom 1871: All persons Relationship to the household head as transcribed. This is a 50-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Relationship to the household head <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant United Kingdom 1871: All persons 0010 Head (gender unspecified) 0011 Head (male) 0012 Head (female) 0021 Husband 0022 Wife 0028 Mistress 0031 Son 0032 Daughter 0033 Stepson 0034 Stepdaughter 0035 Son in law 0036 Daughter in law 0037 Adopted or fostered son 0038 Adopted or fostered daughter 0041 Nephew 0042 Niece 0043 Step nephew 0044 Step niece 0045 Niece's husband 0046 Nephew's wife 0047 Adopted nephew 0048 Adopted niece 0051 First cousin once removed, i.e. cousin's son 0052 First cousin once removed, i.e. cousin's daughter 0061 Grandson 0062 Granddaughter 0063 Grand stepson 0064 Grand stepdaughter 0065 Granddaughter's husband 0066 Grandson's wife 0067 Adopted grandson 0068 Adopted granddaughter 0071 Great nephew 0072 Great niece 0073 Great step nephew 0074 Great step niece 0075 Great nephew in law 0076 Great niece in law 0081 Great grandson 0082 Great granddaughter 0111 Grandfather 0112 Grandmother 0114 Step grandmother 0115 Grandfather in law 0116 Grandmother in law 0121 Father 0122 Mother 0123 Step father 0124 Step mother 0125 Father in law 0126 Mother in law 0128 Adoptive mother 0131 Uncle 0132 Aunt 0133 Step uncle 0134 Step aunt 0135 Uncle in law 0136 Aunt in law 0141 Great uncle 0142 Great aunt 0151 Brother 0152 Sister 0153 Step brother 0154 Step sister 0155 Brother in law 0156 Sister in law 0157 Half brother 0158 Half sister 0160 First cousin 0170 Second cousin 0190 Other kin 0511 Second family, head (male) 0512 Second family, head (female) 0522 Second family, wife 0531 Second family, son 0532 Second family, daughter 0542 Second family, niece 0561 Second family, grandson 0562 Second family, granddaughter 2000 Visitors 2011 Visitor, head (male) 2012 Visitor, head (female) 2022 Visitor, wife 2031 Visitor, son 2032 Visitor, daughter 2036 Visitor, daughter in law 2042 Visitor, niece 2062 Visitor, granddaughter 2152 Visitor, 1st cousin once removed, i.e. cousin's daughter 2155 Visitor, brother in law 2156 Visitor, sister in law 3000 Lodger 3011 Lodger, head (male) 3012 Lodger, head (female) 3021 Lodger, husband 3022 Lodger, wife 3031 Lodger, son 3032 Lodger, daughter 3033 Lodger, step son 3034 Lodger, step daughter 3042 Lodger, niece 3061 Lodger, grandson 3062 Lodger, granddaughter 3122 Lodger, mother 3126 Lodger, mother in law 3132 Lodger, aunt 3151 Lodger, brother 3152 Lodger, sister 3190 Lodger, miscellaneous relative 4000 Boarder 4011 Boarder, head (male) 4012 Boarder, head (female) 4022 Boarder, wife 4031 Boarder, son 4032 Boarder, daughter 4034 Boarder, step daughter 4041 Boarder, nephew 4042 Boarder, niece 4061 Boarder, grandson 4062 Boarder, granddaughter 4125 Boarder, father in law 4126 Boarder, mother in law 4151 Boarder, brother 4152 Boarder, sister 4155 Boarder, brother in law 4156 Boarder, sister in law 4190 Boarder, miscellaneous relative 5000 Inmate 5011 Inmate, head (male) 5012 Inmate, head (female) 5022 Inmate, wife 5031 Inmate, son 5032 Inmate, daughter 5190 Inmate, miscellaneous relative 5200 Pauper or almsperson, etc. 5300 Patients or lunatics, etc. 5400 Prisoners, etc., in correctional institutions 5500 Scholars 5600 Students 5700 Foundlings or orphans 5750 Religious house inmates 5800 Army (institutional inmates) 5900 Navy (institutional inmates) 6000 Servant 6010 Familial servants 6021 Familial servant, husband 6022 Familial servant, wife 6030 Familial servant, child 6031 Familial servant, son 6032 Familial servant, daughter 6041 Familial servant, nephew 6042 Familial servant, niece 6060 Familial servant, grandchild 6061 Familial servant, grandson 6122 Familial servant, mother 6151 Familial servant, brother 6152 Familial servant, sister 6156 Familial servant, sister in law 6190 Familial servant, miscellaneous relative 6200 Domestic servant 6210 Housekeeper 6220 Governess 6300 School teacher, etc. 6500 Apprentice 6600 Assistants 6700 Journeymen 6800 Farm servant titles 6900 Others with working titles 9999 No relationship given Relationship to the household head. IPUMS Relationship to head inferred United Kingdom 1871: All persons Not altered 1 Altered Relationship to head inferred. IPUMS Head of household inferred United Kingdom 1871: All persons Not altered 1 Altered Head of household inferred. IPUMS Occupation <span class="h3">Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, Profession or Occupation."</span></p> <p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p> <p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p> <p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p> <p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p> <p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p> <p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p> <p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p> <p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p> <p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p> <p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p> <p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p> <p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p> <p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p> <p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p> <p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p> <p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p> <p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p> <p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p> <p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p> <p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p> <p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p> <p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p> <p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p> <p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p> <p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span> <br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p> <p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."] United Kingdom 1871: All persons Occupation. This is a 60-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Occupation <span class="h3">Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, Profession or Occupation."</span></p> <p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p> <p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p> <p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p> <p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p> <p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p> <p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p> <p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p> <p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p> <p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p> <p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p> <p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p> <p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p> <p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p> <p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p> <p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p> <p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p> <p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p> <p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p> <p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p> <p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p> <p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p> <p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p> <p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p> <p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p> <p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span> <br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p> <p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 001 Post office telegraphists and telephone operators 002 Other post office officers and clerks 003 Postmen 004 Post office messengers, etc. 005 Members of parliament, ministers of the crown and peers 006 Other civil service officers and clerks 007 Prison officers 008 Senior officials and others in East India service 009 Other civil service messengers, etc. (including porters) 010 Prison service messengers, etc. 011 Police 012 Poor law service 013 Municipal, parish, and other local or county officers 014 Muicipal, parish, and local or county sheriffs and clerks 015 Municipal, parish, and other local or county workers 016 Librarians 017 Army officers (effective) 018 Milita and yeomanry officers (effective) 019 Army officers (retired) 020 Soldiers and non,commissioned officers 021 Militia and yeomanry men 022 Officers of the navy (effective) 024 Men of the navy (including coastguards) 025 Officers of the marines (effective) 027 Men of the marines 028 Clergyman of the established church (Church of England in England and Wales, church of Scotland in Scotland) 029 Roman Catholic priest 030 Minister, priest, of United Free Church 032 Minister, priest, of United Presbyterian church 033 Minister, priest, of other religious bodies 034 Itinerant preacher, scripture reader, mission worker 035 Monks 036 Nun, sister of charity 037 Church, chapel, cemetery, officer, etc. 038 Barrister, advocate 039 Solicitor 040 Law clerk 041 Others connected with law 042 Physician, surgeon, registered practitioner, including poor law hospitals doctors, etc. 043 Dentists and dentists assistants 044 Veterinary surgeons 045 Midwives 046 Nurses (medical not domestic) including poor law nurses 047 Hospital sick nurses 048 Medical assistants 049 Subordinate medical service (unqualified) and medical services, general 050 Hospital workers general (default) 051 Hospital medical service 052 Schoolmasters and teachers (default) 053 University teachers 054 School service (pupil teachers) 055 Others connected with education, school service general, attendants, clerks, etc. 056 Authors, editors, journalists and creative advertising workers 057 Reporters and shorthand writers 058 Others in writing 059 Engaged in scientific pursuits (including inventors and scientific qualifiers) 060 Others scientific 061 Others connected with literature, etc., literary and scientific institution service 062 Others connected with literature, etc., political and election agents 063 Librarians (literary, scientific society) 064 Mining engineers 065 Civil engineers 066 Land, house, or ship surveyor 067 Mining engineers assistant 068 Civil engineers assistants 069 Surveyors assistant 070 Painters (artists) 071 Sculptors (artists) 072 Architects 073 Engravers (artists) and lithographic artists 074 Map, chart geographical engravers 075 Photographers 076 Musician, music master, singer (not teachers) 077 Actors 078 Architects assistants 079 Art, music, theatre, cinema, service, etc. 080 Performers, showmen, exhibition, service 081 Billiards, cricket and other games service 082 Domestic indoor servants in hotels, lodging houses and eating houses 083 Other domestic indoor servants, governesses 084 Other domestic indoor servants (undefined) 085 Domestic, coachman 086 Domestic, motor car driver, motor car attendant 087 Domestic gardener 088 Gamekeeper 089 Army college, club, service 090 Other college, club, service 091 Prison officers (reformatory school) 093 Hospital, Institution (not poor law), and benevolent society, service (not sick nurses, medical men, or schoolmasters) 094 Park, lodge, gate, etc., keeper (not government) 095 Church, chapel, cemetery, caretakers, keepers 097 Caretaker, office keepers (not government), school cleaners, caretakers 098 Cooks (not domestic) 099 Cooks (college, non,resident) 100 Cooks (boarding, lodging house, non resident) 101 Cooks (domestic, non resident) 102 Day girls, day servants (other indoor) 103 Day girls, day servants (hotels, lodging, eating houses) 104 Charwomen 105 Laundry worker, washer, ironer, mangler, etc. (not domestic) 106 Bath and wash house service 107 Governesses (domestic) (non resident) 108 Servants, undefined (non resident) 109 Others in service 110 Window cleaners 111 Merchant, commodity undefined 112 Brokers, factors, commercial agents (not mine, quarry, insurance) 113 Salesmen and buyers (not otherwise described) 114 Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents 115 Accountants 116 Auctioneers, appraisers, valuers, house agents 117 Surveyors (house agents) 118 Officers of commercial and others companies 119 Commercial or business clerks 120 Bankers 121 Bank service, bank officials and clerks 122 Bill brokers, agents and discounters 123 Insurance officials, clerks 124 Insurance agents 125 Railway official inspectors, supervsiors, or clerks 126 Railway ticket examiner, collector, or checker 127 Railway engine driver, stoker, or cleaner 128 Railway guard 129 Signalman 130 Pointsman, level crossing man, gatekeepers 131 Platelayer, ganger, packer 132 Railway labourer (not railway contractor's labourer) 133 Railway porter 134 Other railway servants 135 Livery, stablekeepers, cab and bus owners 136 Horse proprietor, breeder, dealer 137 Motor garage proprietor, or worker 138 Coachman (not domestic), cabman 139 Horsekeeper, groom stableman (not domestic) 140 Motor car driver (not domestic); motor cab driver 141 Carmen, carriers, carters and draymen 142 Hauliers (mine) 143 Water carriers 144 Motor van, etc. drivers 145 Van guard, boy, etc. 146 Others connected with carriage or cartage (not mine) 147 Others connected with carriage or cartage (mine) 148 Omnibus horse drivers (default) 149 Omnibus motor drivers 150 Omnibus conductors 151 Omnibus service, others 152 Tramway service drivers 154 Tramway service, others 155 Others on roads, toll collectors 156 Others on roads, wheelchair proprietors, attendants 157 Merchant service; seaman navigating department 158 Merchant service; seaman engineering department 159 Merchant service; seaman cooks, stewards and others (subsidiary service) 160 Boatmen on seas (seamen general) 161 Pilots of ships 162 Bargemen, lightermen, watermen (and canal workers generally) 163 Canal and inland navigation service (on shore) 164 Ship and boat owners 165 Steam navigation service 166 Stevedores, wharf and dock labourers 167 Harbour, dock, wharf, lighthouse, officials and servants 168 Warehousemen (not manchester goods) 169 Meters, weighers engaged in storage 170 Coalheaver, coal porter, labourer 171 Messenger, porter, watchman (not railway or government) 172 Telegraph, telephone, service (not government) 173 Farmer, grazier 174 Crofters 175 Farmer's or Grazier's son, daughter or other relative assisting in the work of the farm 176 Crofters' son, daughter or other relative assisting in the work of the farm 177 Farm, bailiffs, stewards, foremen 178 Shepherd 179 Agricultural labourer, farm servant, distinguished as in charge of cattle 180 Agricultural labourer, farm servant, distinguished as in charge of horses 181 Agricultural labourer, farm servant, not otherwise distinguished 182 Woodman 183 Nurseryman, seedsman, florist 184 Market gardener (including labourer) 185 Other gardener (not domestic) 186 Agricultural machine, proprietor, attendant 187 Others in agriculture 188 Land drainage service 189 Rabbit catchers, trappers, destroyers (on farm) 190 Others engaged about animals (non agriculture) 191 Vermin destroyers (agriculture) 192 Thatchers (agriculture) 193 Others in coal, coke, peat and charcoal (including agricultural peat or turf workers) 194 Fishermen 195 Fishermen crofter 196 Coal miners, hewers, workers at the coal face 197 Shale miner 198 Coal miners, others below ground and undefined 199 Railway labourers navvies (coal mine) 200 Coal miners above ground 201 Mine service engineers 202 Mine owner, agent, or manager 203 Mine service others (coal) 204 Coke burners 205 Factory labourers (undefined) coke and gas 206 Patent fuel manufacture 207 Iron miner, quarrier 208 Copper miner 209 Tin miner 210 Lead miner 211 Miners in other or undefined minerals 212 Gold miner 213 Silver miner 214 Metalliferous mine owner, general manager, or captain 216 Stone quarry managers agents 217 Slate quarry managers agents 219 Other quarries managers agents 220 Stone quarry mine owners 221 Slate quarry mine owners 224 Stone quarriers 225 Limestone quarrier 226 Stone cutters, dressers 227 Slate quarriers 228 Slate workers, cutters, dressers 229 Lime burners 230 Sand, flint, clay, gravel, or chalk workers 231 Fossil or corpolite diggers 232 Other workers in quarries 233 Emery, sand paper maker 235 Coal merchants and dealers 236 Coke dealers 237 Stone dealers 238 Slate dealers 239 Sand, flint, clay, or gravel dealers 240 Fossil or corpolite dealers 241 Pig iron manufacture (blast furnace) 242 Puddling furnaces, iron and steel rolling mills 243 Tube manufacture 244 Steel manufacture, smelting, or founding 245 Galvanized sheet manufacture 246 Tinplate manufacture 247 Copper manufacture 248 Lead manufacture 249 Zinc manufacture 250 Brass or bronze manufacture 251 Gold, silver smelters, etc. (extraction) 252 Manufacture of other or unspecified metals 253 Patternmakers (engine and machine making (undefined, not textile)) 254 Patternmakers (spinning, weaving, machinery making) 255 Patternmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) 257 Patternmakers (undefined) 258 Millwright 259 Ironfounder, moulders, core maker, fetter, cupola, overn man, foundry labourer, other and undefined 260 Brass founders 261 Farriers 262 Blacksmiths 263 Fitters, turners (engine and machine) 264 Colliery fitters 265 Railway, signal, switch, turntable fitters 266 Fitters, turners (engine and machine) labourers 267 Brass finishers 268 Coppersmiths (various) 269 Metal machinists (engine and machine making) 270 Metal machinists (spinning, weaving, machinery making) 271 Metal machinists (agricultural machine and implement making) 272 Metal machinists (domestic machinery making) 273 Undefined engine and machine making (not textile) 274 Labourers (undefined) in engineering works 275 Boiler makers 276 Other workers (spinning, weaving, machinery making) 277 Other workers in textile machinery fittings 278 Engine and machine makers (undefined, not textile) 279 Domestic machinery makers 280 Agricultural machine and implement makers 281 Railway, makers of signal, switch, or turntable 282 Riveters, riggers, metal plate workers (not ships, textiles, boilers) 283 Techinicans (unspecified) 286 Other electrical apparatus makers 287 Electricians (undefined) 288 Printing reglet makers 289 Toolmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) 290 Toolmakers 291 Domestic implement makers, toolmakers 292 File makers 293 Saw makers 294 Cutlery and scissor makers 295 Needle makers 296 Pin makers 297 Steel pen makers 298 Roller, engravers, block cutters (for textile printing) 299 Type founders 300 Makers of die, seal, coin, or medal 301 Gunsmiths 302 Ordnance manufacture 303 Arms and ordnance, others 305 Nail manufacture 306 Bolt, nut, rivet and screw manufacture 307 Anchor and chain manufacture 308 Gas stove makers 309 Stove, grate, range, fire, iron makers 310 Brass bedstead makers 311 Iron bedstead makers 312 Wire/spring mattress makers 313 Wire makers, workers, or weavers 314 Wire fencer 315 Makers of lock and key 316 Gas fittings makers 317 Makers of lamp, lantern, or candlestick 318 Silver, smiths, buffers, burnishers, finishers 319 Plated ware manufacture of pewter, white or metal 320 Metal refiners and workers 321 Tinplate goods manufacture 322 Copper workers 323 Leaden goods manufacture (various) 324 Zinc goods workers 325 Implement makers in brass and bronze 326 Goods workers in brass and bronze 327 Makers of brass clasp, buckle, or hinge 328 Iron domestic implement makers 329 Makers of iron clasp, buckle, or hinge 330 Iron fence and gate maker 331 Other iron goods makers 333 Spring maker 334 Ironworkers (undefined) 335 Other implement makers 336 Tin workers 337 Metal burnishers (undefined) 338 Makers of fancy chain, ring, gilt, or toy 339 Other metal workers 340 Tube manufacture in mixed or unspecified metals 342 Makers of clasp, buckle, or hinge (in neither brass nor iron) 343 Whitesmiths 344 Shackle makers 345 Ship, boat platers, rivetters 346 Workers in iron, metal ships 347 Fitters (ships) 348 Shipwrights, wood ships 349 Shipwrights, metal ships 350 Worker in wood, wood ships 351 Maker of mast, yard, oar, or block 352 Wood painters, ship and boat 353 Iron painters, ship and boat 354 Shipyard labourers (undefined) 355 Others in ship or boat building (with wood) 356 Others in ship or boat building (with metal) 357 Riggers (ships) 358 Ship chandler 359 Sailmakers 360 Railway, coach, wagon maker 361 Tram car maker 362 Bicycle makers, bicycle repairers 363 Motor car chassis maker, motor car mechanic 364 Motor car body maker 365 Maker of coach, carriage 366 Wheelwright 367 Cartwrights 368 Perambulator maker 369 Ironmonger, hardware dealer, merchant 370 General household appliance dealers 372 Dealers in electrical apparatus 374 Bicycle dealers 376 Dealers in copper 377 Dealers in tin, tinplate 378 Zinc dealers 379 Lead dealers 380 Metal dealers 381 Other dealers in machines, implements, etc. 382 Gold and silversmiths jewellers (not dealers) 383 Lapidaries and other precious material workers 384 Gold and silver beaters 385 Other workers (gold, silver jewelry) 386 Watch and clock makers 387 Philosophical instrument makers (scientific and optical) 388 Photographic apparatus makers 389 Weighing and measuring machine makers 390 Tinmen (meter making) 391 Dental instrument and apparatus makers 392 Surgical instrument and apparatus makers 393 Piano organ makers 394 Other musical instrument makers 395 Toy makers 396 Fishing tackle makers 397 Apparatus for other games makers 398 Gold and silversmiths jewellers (dealers) 399 Musical instrument dealers 400 Toy dealers 401 Fishing tackle dealers 402 Apparatus for other games dealers 403 Photographic apparatus, philosophical instrument (scientific and optical) dealers 404 Weighing and measuring machine dealers 405 Builders 406 Thatchers (not agriculture) 407 Builder's labourer 408 Builder's excavators 409 Carpenter, joiner 410 Carpenter's or joiner's labourer 411 Stove setters, furnace, ovenliners 412 Bricklaer 413 Bricklayer's labourer 414 Mason 415 Mason's labourer 416 Slaters and tilers 417 Plasterer 418 Plasterer's labourer 419 Whitewashers 420 Paperhangers 421 Painters, distemperers and decorators 422 Glaziers, lead window makers 423 Architectural or monumental carver or sculptor 424 Monumental mason 425 Plumber, pipe fitter 426 Gasfitter 427 Locksmith, bellhanger 428 Contractors, public works such as sewer, drainage, dock, harbour, or canal 429 Railway contractors 430 Pond reservoir makers 431 Sea wall or groyne labourers or pile drivers 432 Railway labourers navvies (contractors labourers) default 433 Well and mine sinker or borer 434 Road contractor, surveyor, inspector 435 Paviors 436 Road labourers 437 Cabinet makers 438 Furniture and fittings, other workers 439 French polisher 440 Upholsterer 441 Hot water apparatus, pipe jointers 442 House and shop fittings makers 443 Refrigerator maker 444 Undertaker, or funeral furniture maker 445 Wood carver 446 Wood gilder 447 Willow, cane and rush workers 448 Cane, rush, straw, other workers 449 Willow, cane and rush dealers 450 Dealer in works of art 451 Furniture brokers, dealers 452 House and shop, fittings dealers 453 Sawyer, wood cutting machinist 454 Maker of lath, wooden fence, hurdle 455 Wood turner 456 Wooden box or packing case maker 457 Cooper, hoop maker or bender 458 Cork, bark, cutter, worker 459 Timber wood workers 460 Besom maker 461 Other workers in wood 462 Timber merchants, wood dealers 463 Cork and bark dealers 464 Brick, plain tile, terra cotta maker 465 Plaster, cement, manufacture 466 Earthenware figure and image makers 467 Earthenware, china, porcelain, manufacture 468 Sheet, plate, glass manufacture 469 Glass bottle manufacture 470 Other workers in glass manufacture 471 Brick dealers 472 Plaster and cement dealers 473 Earthenware, china, glass, dealer 474 Dye and paint manufacture 475 Ink and blacking manufacture 476 Gunpowder, guncotton, explosive substance, manufacture 477 Cartridge, fireworks, explosive article, manufacture 478 Lucifer match manufacture 479 Salt makers and dealers 480 Manufacturing chemist 481 Alkali manufacture 482 Chemists, druggists 483 Drysalters 484 Oil millers, oil cake makers 485 Mineral oil worker 486 Tallow, chandlers, candle and grease manufacture 487 Soap boilers and makers 488 Manure manufacture, bone boilers 489 India rubber and gutta percha makers 490 Waterproof goods makers 491 Glue size and gelatine manufacture 492 Other workers in chemicals, etc. 493 Gum manufacture 494 Resin manufacture 496 Varnish maker 497 Oil cake dealers 498 Oil and colourmen 499 Soap dealers 500 Other dealers in chemicals,etc. 501 Floorcloth and oilcloth dealers 502 India rubber and gutta percha dealers 503 Waterproof goods dealers 504 Shellac dealers 505 Skinners, furriers 506 Tanners, fellmongers 507 Curriers 508 Leather goods manufacture (belts, etc.) 509 Parchment or vellum maker 510 Saddle, harness and whip makers 511 Hair and bristle workers 512 Brush and broom makers 513 Hair plume makers 514 Quill and feathers dressers 515 Dealers in skins 516 Dealers in leather 517 Quill and feathers dealers 518 Hair and bristle dealers 519 Paper manufacture 520 Paper stainer 521 Pencil makers 522 Card, stationery makers 523 Valentine maker 524 Envelope manufacture 525 Paper bag makers 526 Cardboard box maker 527 Ticket writers 528 Other paper workers 529 Stationers (all assumed retail or law stationers) 530 Paper dealers 531 Hand compositors (default) 532 Machine compositors 533 Printing machine minders 534 Stereotypers, electrotypers 535 Music printers 536 Printers so described 537 Others in printing 538 Paper ruler 539 Lithographers 540 Copper plate printers 541 Map makers 542 Bookbinders 543 Publishers, booksellers and librarians (except public librarians) 544 Music publishers, music sellers 545 Map publishers, map and print sellers 546 Newspaper publishers 547 Newspaper agents 548 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, card blowing room processes 549 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, spinning processes 550 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, winding, warping processes 551 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, weaving processes 552 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, other processes 553 Sheeting manufacture 554 Muslin embroiderer 555 Cotton and cotton goods manufature, undefined 556 Fustian manufacture 557 Woollen cloth manufacture, sorting 558 Woollen cloth manufacture, carding, combing 559 Wool spinners, wool piecers 560 Worsted and stuff manufacture, spinners, piecers 561 Wool winders, wool warpers, wool weavers 562 Worsted and stuff manufacture, winders, warpers, weavers 563 Flannel manufacture (various) 564 Blanket manufacture (various) 565 Other weaving processes (wool) 566 Woollen cloth manufacture, other processes 567 Tartan and wincey manufacture 568 Worsted and stuff manufacture, other processes 569 Knitter (woollen article) 570 Crimpers 571 Woollen cloth manufacture, undefined 572 Worsted and stuff manufacture, undefined 573 Fuller 574 Silk workers, spinners 575 Crepe, gauze, manufacture (various) 576 Silk workers, weaving processes 577 Ribbon manufacture 578 Silk workers, other processes 579 Silk workers, undefined 580 Flax, linen and damask manufacture (various) 581 Hemp manufacture (various) 582 Jute manufacture (various) 583 Cocoa fibre manufacture (various) 584 Rope, twine, or cord makers 585 Mat manufacture (various) 586 Net manufacture (various) 587 Canvas and sailcloth manufacture (various) 588 Sacking manufcture (various) 589 Tent maker 591 Thread manufacture (various) 592 Hosiery manufacture 593 Lace manufacture 594 Elastic web makers 595 Felt manufacture (various) 596 Carpet or rug manufacture (various) 597 Trimming makers 598 Tape manufacture (various) 599 Fancy goods, textile, manufacture (various) 600 Shawl makers 601 Knitter (undefined) 602 Embroiderers 603 Curtain makers 604 Tapestry manufacture 605 Weavers, sundry fabrics 606 Weavers (undefined) 607 Other workers, sundry fabrics undefined 608 Factory hands (textile) undefined (various) 609 Wool or woollen goods bleachers 610 Silk bleachers 611 Cotton and calico bleachers 612 Flax, linen, bleachers 613 Undefined textile bleachers 614 Wool or woollden goods printers 615 Silk printers 616 Cotton and calico printers 617 Undefined textile printers 618 Wool, woollden goods, dyers 619 Silk dyers 620 Cotton and calico dyers 621 Flax or linen dyers 622 Undefined textile dyers 623 Wool or woollen goods,finishers 624 Silk finishers 625 Cotton and calico finishers 626 Flax or linen finishers 627 Undefined textile finishers 628 Drapers linen, drapers mercers 629 Cotton planter, grower 630 Woolstapler, wool dealer, broker 631 Cloth, worsted and stuff merchants, dealers 632 Yarn merchant 633 Waste merchant 634 Silk merchants, dealers 635 Rope, twine, cord, dealers 636 Mat sellers 637 Other fibrous materials dealers 638 Cotton and calico dealers 639 Flax, linen, dealers 640 Lace dealers 641 Fustian dealers 643 Manchester goods warehousemen 644 Dealers sundry fabrics 645 Straw plait manufacture 646 Straw hat manufacture 647 Felt hat manufacture, woollen bonnet manufacture 648 Cloth, hat, cap, manufacture 649 Hat, cap (not cloth, felt, straw) manufacture 650 Milliners (not retail,workshop/factory) 651 Hatters 652 Milliners (retail) 653 Tailors (not merchants), default 654 Other clothing manufacturers 655 Clothier and outfitters (i.e. dealers and merchants) 656 Clothes dealers 657 Dressmakers 658 Stay and corset makers 659 Shirtmakers and seamstresses 660 Button makers 661 Glove manufacture 662 Hosiers, haberdashers 663 Shoe and boot makers (and repairers) 664 Slipper makers 665 Patten or clog makers 666 Footwear dealers 667 Artificial flower makers 668 Hairdressers 669 Umbrella, parasol and stick makers 670 Accoutrement makers 671 Glove dealers 672 Button dealers 673 Umbrella, parasol and stick dealers 674 Other dealers in dress 675 Artifical flower dealers 676 Creamery workers 677 Cowkeepers, milksellers 678 Provision curers 679 Cheesemongers, buttermen 680 Provision dealers 681 Slaughterer 682 Butchers and meat salesmen 683 Fish curers 684 Poulterers, game dealers 685 Fishmongers 686 Corn millers 687 Corn, flour and seed merchants dealers 688 Hay, straw and chaff cutters 689 Hay, straw and chaff dealers 690 Biscuit, cake and bread makers 691 Bakers (dealers) 692 Biscuit, cake, dealers (confectionists) 693 Sugar refiners 694 Jam, preserve, or sweet makers 695 Chocolate, cocoa makers 696 Coffee, tea, planter, grower 697 Grocers, tea dealers 698 Greengrocers, fruiterers, potato dealers 699 Ginger beer, mineral water manufacture, others 700 Mustard, vinegar, spice, pickle makers 701 Ice makers 702 Sugar planter, grower 703 Others dealing in food 704 Hop merchants, dealers 706 Tobacco manufacture 707 Tobacconists 708 Maltsters 709 Brewers 710 Distillers and rectifiers 711 Coffee and eating, house keepers 712 Lodging and boarding house keepers 713 Innkeepers, hotel keepers and publicans 714 Beersellers 715 Beer bottlers 716 Cellarmen 717 Barmen (not in service) 718 Boarding, lodging house waiters (non resident) 719 Hotel waiters 720 Hotel porters, boots, knifemen, platemen, plate cleaners, polishers (non,resident) 721 Other hotel servants 722 Wine and spirit merchants 723 Gas works service 724 Waterworks service 725 Other electricity supply 726 Electricity generation, distribution 727 Town drainage 728 Scavenging, street cleaners, crossing sweepers, dustmen 730 Advertising agents 731 Billstickers 732 Sandwichmen, bill distributors 733 Salesman of cattle, sheep, etc. 734 Drovers 735 Others engaged about animals (not agriculture) 736 Knackers, catsmeat dealers 737 Celluloid makers, workers 738 Tobacco pipe and snuff box manufacture 739 Bone, horn, ivory, tortoise, shell, workers 740 Comb makers 741 Floorcloth and oilcloth manufacture 742 Japanners 743 Chimney sweepers 744 Rag dealers 745 Organ grinders 746 Animal, bird preservers and taxidermists 747 Figure and image makers not earthenware 748 Gut manufacture 749 Charcoal burners 750 Other workers in sundry industries 751 Dealers in sundry materials 753 Sponge dealer 754 Charcoal dealers 755 Water dealers 756 Receiving shop, receiving office, keepers, assistants 757 Multiple shop keepers 758 General shopkeepers, dealers 759 Pawnbrokers 760 Hawkers, hucksters, costers 761 Manufacturers, managers, superintendents, foremen (unspecified) 762 Contractors, public works, etc. 763 News boys, vendors 764 Corporation, borough, council labourers (undefined) 765 General labourers 766 Engine drivres, stokers, firemen (not railway, marine, or agricultural) 767 Draughtsmen (undefined) 768 Artisans mechanics 769 Apprentices 770 Factory labourers (undefined) 771 Machinists, machine workers (undefined) 772 Retired (not army or navy) 773 Army pensioners 774 Navy pensioners 775 Pensioners, superannuated 776 Receiving old age pension (occupation or former occupation not stated) 777 Owners of companies 778 Private means 779 Theological students 780 Law students 781 Medical students 782 Literary students 783 Art students 784 Scientific students 785 Other students 786 Agricultural students 787 Scholars, etc. 788 Wives and others engaged in (own) household duties 789 Wives assisting generally in their husbands occupations 790 Widows (of no specified occupation) 791 Children, relatives, visitors at home 792 Prostitutes 793 Foreign diplomats 794 No specified occupation but receiving income or support 795 Children with no specified occupation 796 Prisoners, reform school inmates, etc. 797 Vagrants or unemployed persons with no specified occupation 999 Unknown Occupation. IPUMS HISCO occupation code <span class="h3">Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, Profession or Occupation."</span></p> <p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p> <p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p> <p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p> <p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p> <p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p> <p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p> <p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p> <p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p> <p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p> <p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p> <p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p> <p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p> <p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p> <p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p> <p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p> <p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p> <p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p> <p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p> <p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p> <p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p> <p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p> <p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p> <p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p> <p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p> <p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span> <br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p> <p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 01100 Chemists 02100 Architects 02200 Civil engineers 02700 Mining engineers 03010 Surveyors 03100 Draughtsman 03200 Technicians 04250 Ship's navigating officers and ship's mates 04260 Ship and boat pilots 04290 Other ships' officers and pilot 06100 Medical doctors and surgeons 06200 Dentists 06300 Veterinarian 06500 Medical or related assistant 07110 Trained nurse 07220 Medical nurses, untrained or level of training unknown 07320 Midwives 07990 Other medical, dental, veterinary or related worker 11010 Accountants and auditors 12120 Lawyers, barristers 12130 Lawyers, solictors 12900 Jurists n.e.c. 13100 Teacher (higher education) 13200 Teachers not in higher education 13920 Teachers n.e.c., governess 13990 Teachers n.e.c., other teaching personnel 14120 Ministers of religion 14130 Missionaries 14140 Members of religious order 15100 Authors and writers n.e.c. 15230 Journalists, Reporters, and Correspondents 15900 Writers n.f.s. and n.e.c., other writers 16110 Artist n.f.s. or art teacher 16120 Sculptors 16130 Artistic painters 16150 Engraver or etcher (artistic) 16300 Photographers 16400 Engravers 17120 Musical performer or musician n.f.s. 17300 Actors and related workers 17900 Performers and performing artists n.e.c. 19100 Librarians, archivists and curators 19990 Other professional, technical and related workers n.e.c. 20100 Legislative officials and heads of government 20200 Government administrators, other 21140 Proprietor, mining, quarrying, oil and natural gas extraction 21160 Proprietor, other transport and communications 21182 Manufacturers, owners and executive officials, executive officer, finance company 21190 Proprietors, other owners of large scale productive enterprises 21192 Executive officer of large scale productive company 21194 Publisher 21220 Construction contractors 21230 Builders 21290 Contractors and builders, other specified contractors 22130 Superintendents and managers, mining, quarrying, etc. 22190 Superintendents and managers n.e.c. 24100 Inspectors 31090 Government civil servant n.e.c. 33130 Bookkeepers and cashiers, bank clerks 33170 Bookkeepers and cashiers, toll collectors 33210 Railway clerks 36020 Railway guard 36040 Bus, tram or streetcar conductor 37020 Postal, mail, or telegraph clerk 37030 Mail carrier (postman) 37040 Messenger 38010 Telephone and telegraph operators 39100 Stock, weight and shipping clerks 39310 Office clerks, specialization unknown 39340 Legal clerks 39900 Other specified clerks 41010 Dealer, merchant, etc. (wholesale or retail trade) 41015 Merchants, specified large scale wholesaling 43010 Agent, brokers, and commercial travelers, agent, n.f.s. 43030 Agents, brokers and commercial travellers 43090 Agent, brokers, and commercial travelers, other specialized agents 44110 Insurance, Real Estate or Securities Salesmen, n.f.s. 44120 Insurance salesmen and agents 44200 Advertising salesmen 44330 Auctioneers and appraisers 45120 Salespeople, wholesale or retail trade 45190 Other salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators 45220 Street sellers, pedlars and hawkers 49020 Other dealers and salesworkers n.e.c., pawnbrokers 49040 Newsvendors 51020 Hotel keepers and managers 51040 Boarding and lodging house keepers and managers 51050 Pub, saloon, tavern and coffee house keepers 52030 Steward 53101 Cook (domestic) 53102 Cook (not domestic) 53220 Waiter or waitress 53230 Bartender 53290 Other food and drink service workers 54010 Servants n.f.s. 54020 Maid, domestic or house servants n.f.s. 54090 Other specified servants 55100 Caretakers and janitors 55200 Charworker 55230 Window cleaners 55240 Chimney sweep 55250 Refuse collectors and removers 56000 Launderers, dry cleaners, pressers, and related workers 57020 Hairdressers 57040 Bath attendants 58220 Policemen and detectives, public service 58410 Military, rank unknown 58420 Military officers 58430 Other members of the armed forces 58500 Prison keepers and guards 58900 Protective service workers n.e.c. 59200 Undertakers and embalmers 59990 Service workers n.e.c. 61110 General farmers and farmers 61220 Field crop farmers 61240 Market gardeners 61250 Nurserymen and florists 61260 Livestock farmers 61320 Farmer and fisherman (joint) 61400 Farm managers, foremen and supervisors 62110 Farm labourers and helpers, general farming and n.f.s., others 62113 Farm labourers and helpers, general farming and n.f.s., farmer's sons and other relatives 62410 Livestock workers, general or n.f.s. 62420 Cattle workers, except specified dairy 62430 Sheep workers 62460 Horse workers 62710 Gardeners (non domestic) 62711 Domestic gardeners 62920 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers n.e.c., other animal workers 62990 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers n.e.c., others in agricultural or husbandry 63110 Woodsmen and workers in the woods, n.f.s. 63120 Lumbermen, loggers and kindred workers 63290 Other forestry workers 64100 Fishermen 64970 Trapper or hunter 64990 Other fishermen, hunters and related workers 71120 Miner 71130 Quarryman 71190 Others working in mines and quarries 71300 Well drillers, borers or related worker 72000 Metal workers, specialization unknown 72100 Metal smelters and furnacemen 72200 Metal rollers 72400 Metal casters and workers in metal casting plants 73200 Sawyer, and other titled wood or sawmill operatives 73300 Papermill machine operators and paper makers 74100 Drug workers 74200 Gunpowder and explosives makers 74320 Charcoal burners and makers 74390 Other coal product makers 74430 Alkali and soda makers 74500 Oil millers 74620 Paint and varnish makers 74640 Ink, blacking, coloring makers, etc. 74720 Tallow chandlers, candle makers and grease 74730 Soap or perfume maker 74740 Glue, size, gelatine makers 74920 Chemical manufacturing workers n.e.c., fertilizer or manure maker 74990 Chemical manufacturing workers n.e.c., other specified chemical workers 75000 Textile workers, specialization unknown 75100 Fibre preparers 75200 Spinners, doublers, twisters and winders 75300 Weaving and knitting, machine setters and pattern card preparers 75400 Weavers and related workers 75500 Knitters 75600 Bleachers, dyers and textile product finishers 75700 Rope makers 75920 Specialized textile workers n.e.c., net makers 75990 Specialized textile workers n.e.c., other specialised textile workers 76140 Leather curriers and finishers 77100 Grain mill and other food product milling workers, millers and related workers 77200 Sugar refiners 77310 Butchers 77340 Slaughterer, meat cutter or meat packer 77400 Cannery workers and other food preservers 77500 Butter, cheese and dairy product makers 77650 Chocolate makers 77690 Other baked goods makers 77820 Brewer 77830 Maltster 77840 Maker of soft drinks 77860 Distiller 77880 Bottlers 77990 Food and beverage processors n.e.c., other food and beverage processors 78100 Tobacco preparers and tobacco factory workers 79120 Garment manufacturing workers, tailor or tailoress 79130 Garment manufacturing workers, dressmakers 79190 Garment manufacturing workers, other garment makers 79200 Furrier or fur worker 79320 Milliner 79330 Hat maker 79340 Straw hat maker 79390 Hat manufacturing workers, other hat maker 79400 Glove maker or related worker 79540 Embroiderers 79590 Seamstresses, sewing workers n.f.s. and embroiderers, other hand sewers 79620 Upholsterers 79690 Other upholsterers and related workers 79920 Sail, tent and awning makers 79930 Umbrella makers 79940 Artificial flower makers 79990 Other cloth and related product manufacturing workers 80100 Boot and shoe makers and repairers 80320 Saddler or harness maker 80390 Leather goods manufacturing workers, other leather goods makers 81120 Cabinet makers 81190 Cabinet, furniture and chair makers, other furniture makers 81230 Wood turners and handle makers 81250 Wood carvers 81300 Coach, carriage, cart and wagon makers 81400 Wheelwrights 81500 Coopers, hoop makers and benders 81710 Wooden and paper box manufacturing workers, box makers n.f.s. 81730 Wooden and paper box manufacturing workers, paper box maker 81990 Wooden product manufacturing workers n.e.c., other makers of wooden products 82000 Stone carvers or cutters and stone yard workers 83120 Blacksmith 83150 Farrier or horse shoer 83160 Specialized makers of forged metal products 83210 Toolmakers, n.f.s. 83230 Pattern makers n.f.s. and n.e.c. 83290 Other toolmakers and metal markers 83400 Machinists 83520 Metal polishers and finishers 83550 Cutlers, metal grinders, polishers and sharpeners, others 83600 Gunsmith 83700 Locksmith 83820 Sawmakers 83830 Agricultural implement and related products manufacturing workers 83850 Nailers and nail makers 83860 Wire makers 83890 Metal product manufacturing workers n.e.c., other metal workers n.e.c. 84110 Mechanic 84120 Millwright 84130 Machine makers, builders and fitters 84190 Mechanics, millwrights and machine manufacturing workers, other machinery fitters and machine assemblers 84220 Watch and clock makers 84290 Other specialized instrument makers (not musical instruments) 84300 Bicycle manufacturing workers 84400 Motor vehicle manufacturing and repair workers, specialization unknown 84460 Automobile manufacturing workers 84900 Machinery manufacturing workers n.e.c., others in machinery 85100 Electrical fitter or electrical equipment assembler 85500 Electrician or wireman 85700 Electrical and telecommunications line workers, linesman, telephone, telegraph or electric 87120 Plumbers 87130 Pipe fitters 87330 Coppersmith or copperware maker 87340 Tinsmith, tinner, or tinker 87350 Boiler maker 87390 Sheet metal manufacturing and related workers, other sheet metal workers 87430 Structural metal workers, rivetters n.e.c. 87520 Ship and boat builders 87530 Shipwright or ship joiner 87550 Block, mast, and tackle maker 87590 Other ship builders 88020 Jeweller 88040 Silversmiths 88050 Jewelry and precious metal workers, working with gems and stones 89120 Glass makers 89130 Glass bottle makers 89200 Pottery and porcelain makers and workers 89300 Brick and tile manufacturing workers 89620 Cement makers 89630 Lime burners 90100 Rubber product maker 91020 Paper and paperboard products makers except boxes 91090 Papermill machine operators and paper makers, other paper product makers 92000 Printers n.e.c. 92110 Printing workers, printing and publishing n.e.c. and n.f.s., printers 92120 Printing workers, printing and publishing n.e.c. and n.f.s., compositors 92300 Stereotypers and electrotypers 92400 Lithographers 92600 Bookbinders and Related Workers 92800 Textile printers 92900 Printing workers n.e.c., other printers and related workers 93120 Painting workers, painters, construction 93190 Painting workers, other specialized painters n.e.c. 93330 Lacquerers, enamellers and japanners, japanner 93400 Gilders 94120 Piano makers 94190 Other musical instrument makers and tuners 94240 Broom makers 94290 Bristle and straw workers n.e.c. 94920 Animal stuffer, taxidermist or shell worker 94940 Toy (and doll) makers 94990 Other production and related workers n.e.c. 95110 Bricklayers, stonemasons and tile setters, mason n.f.s. 95120 Bricklayer 95130 Stone masons 95140 Plasterer 95150 Pavior 95320 Slate and tile roofers 95330 Roofers, thatchers 95410 Carpenter and joiner 95420 Carpenter 95700 Glaziers 95910 Construction workers n.e.c. 95920 Paperhanger 95940 Whitewasher 96900 Other stationary engine and related equipment operators 97120 Ship boat loaders and dock workers 97130 Railway freight handlers 97190 Dockers and freight handlers, other freight handlers 97220 Ship riggers 97410 Navvy, excavator and digger n.f.s. 97430 Railway builders, workers and labourers 97440 Waterway and harbour builders, workers and labourers 97490 Other road, railway and related construction labourers 98120 Sailors and boatmen, seamen 98130 Boatmen and canalmen 98200 Ship's engine men 98300 Railway or railroad locomotive operators 98430 Railway signallers 98490 Other skilled railway workers 98520 Driver (private) 98530 Driver (personal, for hire) 98540 Driver (public) 98550 Driver (general haulage) 98590 Other drivers 98900 Other transport equipment operators 99120 Working n.f.s., labourers n.f.s. 99130 Working, n.f.s., common laborers or general laborers 99150 Working, n.f.s. 99200 Factory laborers, unspecified 99998 Non occupational response 99999 Unknown HISCO occupation code. IPUMS Activity status United Kingdom 1871: All persons Working 1 Retired 2 Late or formerly occupied 3 Unemployed, not currently working but with specified occupation 4 Pensioner, annuitant or superannuated 5 Pauper, in receipt of alms 6 Living on own means, independent 7 Others with description suggesting not currently working 8 Others without a specified occupation (including scholars) 9 Unknown or no activity status reported Activity status. IPUMS Combined place of birth as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons Combined place of birth as transcribed. This is a 68-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Community (parish) of birth as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons Community (parish) of birth as transcribed. This is a 40-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Standardized parish of birth as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons Standardized parish of birth as transcribed. This is a 47-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS County of birth as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons County of birth as transcribed. This is a 32-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS County of birth <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons 002 Surrey 003 Kent 004 Sussex 005 Hampshire 006 Berkshire 007 Middlesex 008 Hertfordshire 009 Buckinghamshire 010 Oxfordshire 011 Northamptonshire 012 Huntingdonshire 013 Bedfordshire 014 Cambridgeshire 015 Essex 016 Suffolk 017 Norfolk 018 Wiltshire 019 Dorset 020 Devon 021 Cornwall 022 Somerset 023 Gloucestershire 024 Herefordshire 025 Shropshire 026 Staffordshire 027 Worcestershire 028 Warwickshire 029 Leicestershire 030 Rutlandshire 031 Lincolnshire 032 Nottinghamshire 033 Derbyshire 034 Cheshire 035 Lancashire 037 Yorkshire 040 Durham 041 Northumberland 042 Westmorland 043 Cumberland 044 Monmouthshire 045 Glamorganshire 046 Carmarthenshire 047 Pembrokeshire 048 Cardiganshire 050 Radnorshire 051 Montgomeryshire 052 Flint 053 Denbighshire 054 Merionethshire 055 Caernarvonshire 056 Anglesey 057 Breconshire 060 Guernsey 061 Isle of Man 062 Jersey 063 Alderney 064 Sark 065 Isle of Wight 071 Aberdeenshire 072 Argyllshire 073 Ayrshire 074 Banffshire 075 Berwickshire 076 Bute 077 Caithness shire 078 Clackmannanshire 079 Dumfriesshire 080 Dunbartonshire 081 Midlothian 082 Moray 083 Fife 084 Angus 085 East Lothian 086 Inverness shire 087 Kincardineshire 088 Kinross shire 089 Kirkcudbrightshire 090 Lanarkshire 091 West Lothian 092 Nairnshire 093 Orkney Isles 094 Peebleshire 095 Perthshire 096 Renfrewshire 097 Ross and Cromarty 098 Roxburghshire 099 Selkirkshire 100 Shetland Isles 101 Stirlingshire 102 Sutherland 103 Wigtownshire 111 Antrim 112 Armagh 113 Carlow 114 Cavan 115 Clare 116 Cork 117 Donegal 118 Down 119 Dublin 120 Fermanagh 121 Galway 122 Kerry 123 Kildare 124 Kilkenny 125 Leitrim 126 Leix 127 Limerick 128 Londonderry 129 Longford 130 Louth 131 Mayo 132 Meath 134 Monaghan 135 Offaly 136 Roscommon 137 Sligo 138 Tipperary 139 Tyrone 140 Waterford 141 Westmeath 142 Wexford 143 Wicklow 300 All foreign birthplaces 999 Unknown County of birth. IPUMS Alternative county of birth <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons 002 Surrey 003 Kent 004 Sussex 005 Hampshire 006 Berkshire 007 Middlesex 008 Hertfordshire 009 Buckinghamshire 010 Oxfordshire 011 Northamptonshire 012 Huntingdonshire 013 Bedfordshire 014 Cambridgeshire 015 Essex 016 Suffolk 017 Norfolk 018 Wiltshire 019 Dorset 020 Devon 021 Cornwall 022 Somerset 023 Gloucestershire 024 Herefordshire 025 Shropshire 026 Staffordshire 027 Worcestershire 028 Warwickshire 029 Leicestershire 030 Rutlandshire 031 Lincolnshire 032 Nottinghamshire 033 Derbyshire 034 Cheshire 035 Lancashire 037 Yorkshire 040 Durham 041 Northumberland 042 Westmorland 043 Cumberland 044 Monmouthshire 045 Glamorganshire 046 Carmarthenshire 047 Pembrokeshire 048 Cardiganshire 050 Radnorshire 051 Montgomeryshire 052 Flint 053 Denbighshire 054 Merionethshire 055 Caernarvonshire 056 Anglesey 057 Breconshire 060 Guernsey 061 Isle of Man 062 Jersey 065 Isle of Wight 071 Aberdeenshire 072 Argyllshire 073 Ayrshire 074 Banffshire 075 Berwickshire 076 Bute 077 Caithness shire 078 Clackmannanshire 079 Dumfriesshire 080 Dunbartonshire 081 Midlothian 082 Moray 083 Fife 084 Angus 085 East Lothian 086 Inverness shire 087 Kincardineshire 088 Kinross shire 089 Kirkcudbrightshire 090 Lanarkshire 091 West Lothian 092 Nairnshire 093 Orkney Isles 094 Peeblesshire 095 Perthshire 096 Renfrewshire 097 Ross and Cromarty 098 Roxburghshire 099 Selkirkshire 100 Shetland Isles 101 Stirlingshire 102 Sutherland 103 Wigtownshire 999 Unknown or no alternative recorded Alternative county of birth. IPUMS Country of birth as transcribed <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons Country of birth as transcribed. This is a 60-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Country of birth <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">6. Where born</span> <br />Opposite the names of those born in England, write the county, and town, or parish. <br />If born in England, Ireland, the British colonies, or the East Indies, state the country or colony. <br />If born in foreign parts, write the particular state or country; and if also a British subject add "British Subject," or "Naturalized British Subject," as the case may be. United Kingdom 1871: All persons 11090 Mauritius 12050 Congo 13020 Egypt 13040 Morocco 14040 South Africa 15000 West Africa 15140 Saint Helena 15160 Sierra Leone 21020 Antigua and Barbuda 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21110 Grenada 21140 Jamaica 21190 Saint Kitts and Nevis 21220 Saint Lucia 21240 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21306 British West Indies 22020 Costa Rica 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23070 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 23090 Guyana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24040 United States Of America 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31020 Japan 32020 Bangladesh 32040 India 32100 Pakistan 32110 Sri Lanka 32200 British Indian Ocean Territory 33040 East Indies (Indonesia) 33060 Malaysia 33070 Burma (Myanmar) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34130 Yemen 34150 Syrian Arab Republic 34160 Turkey 41030 Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41080 Russian Federation 41100 Ukraine 42010 Denmark 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42090 Norway 42110 Sweden 42121 England 42122 Scotland 42123 Wales 42124 Channel Islands 42125 Isle of Man 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43072 Sicily 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43120 Spain 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44030 France 44040 Germany 44080 Holland 44090 Switzerland 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51040 Cocos (Keeling) Islands 52010 Fiji 52030 Dutch New Guinea 54050 Samoa 99998 Born at Sea 99999 Unknown Country of birth. IPUMS Household structure classification United Kingdom 1871: All persons 000 Those in private households unrelated to the head (servants, lodgers, boarders, visitor) 110 Widowed 120 Single, or unknown marital status 210 Co resident siblings 220 Co resident, other relatives 310 Married couple alone 320 Married couple with never married children 330 Widowers with never married children 340 Widows with never married children 350 Single women with never married children 410 Extended family; upwards from head 420 Extended family; downwards from head 430 Extended family; laterally from head 440 Extended family; combinations of upwards, downwards, and/or laterally from head 510 Multiple families; secondary disposed upwards 520 Multiple families; secondary disposed downwards 530 Multiple families; units on one level 540 Multiple families, two co residing families which are linked by a pair of siblings with no parent present (i.e. a frereche) 550 Multiple families; combinations of secondary disposed upwards, secondary disposed downwards, units on one level, and/or frérèche 599 Unclassifiable multiple households 699 Other unclassifiable households 999 Institutional resident Household structure classification. IPUMS Surname of household head <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">1. Name and surname</span> <br />No person absent on the night of Sunday, April 2nd to be entered here; except those who may be rravelling or out at work during that night, and who return home on Monday, April 3rd. <br />Write after the name of the head of the family the names of his wife, children, and other relatives; then visitors, etc., and servants.</p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant United Kingdom 1871: All persons Surname of household head. This is a 28-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Sex of household head <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant</p> <p><span class="em">4. Age (last birthday) and sex</span> <br />For infants under one year, state the age in months writing "under 1 month," "1 month," "2 months," etc.</p> <p>[Table with "Males" and "Females" columns omitted.] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown Sex of household head. IPUMS Age of household head <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant</p> <p><span class="em">4. Age (last birthday) and sex</span> <br />For infants under one year, state the age in months writing "under 1 month," "1 month," "2 months," etc.</p> <p>[Table with "Males" and "Females" columns omitted.] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 000 0 years 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 109 109 999 Unknown Age of household head. IPUMS Marital status of household head <span class="h3">General Instruction</span> <br /><span class="em">This Paper, except the compartments under the Royal Arms, to be filled up by the occupier or Person in charge of the dwelling. </span>If the house is let or sub-let to separate Families or Lodgers, each Occupier or Lodger must make a return for his portion of the house upon a separate paper.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant</p> <p><span class="em">3. Condition</span> <br />Write "Married," "Widower," "Widow," or "Unmarried" against the names of all persons except young children United Kingdom 1871: All persons 1 Single 2 Married 3 Married, spouse absent 4 Widowed 5 Divorced 9 Unknown Marital status of household head. IPUMS Occupation of household head <span class="h3">Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, Profession or Occupation."</span></p> <p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p> <p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p> <p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p> <p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p> <p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p> <p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p> <p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p> <p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p> <p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p> <p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p> <p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p> <p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p> <p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p> <p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p> <p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p> <p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p> <p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p> <p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p> <p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p> <p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p> <p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p> <p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p> <p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p> <p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p> <p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p> <p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p> <p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p> <p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span> <br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant</p> <p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span> <br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p> <p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."] United Kingdom 1871: All persons 001 Post office telegraphists and telephone operators 002 Other post office officers and clerks 003 Postmen 004 Post office messengers, etc. 005 Members of parliament, ministers of the crown and peers 006 Other civil service officers and clerks 007 Prison officers 008 Senior officials and others in East India service 009 Other civil service messengers, etc. (including porters) 010 Prison service messengers, etc. 011 Police 012 Poor law service 013 Municipal, parish, and other local or county officers 014 Muicipal, parish, and local or county sheriffs and clerks 015 Municipal, parish, and other local or county workers 016 Librarians 017 Army officers (effective) 018 Milita and yeomanry officers (effective) 019 Army officers (retired) 020 Soldiers and non:commissioned officers 021 Militia and yeomanry men 022 Officers of the navy (effective) 024 Men of the navy (including coastguards) 025 Officers of the marines (effective) 027 Men of the marines 028 Clergyman of the established church (Church of England in England and Wales, church of Scotland in Scotland) 029 Roman Catholic priest 030 Minister, priest, of United Free Church 032 Minister, priest, of United Presbyterian church 033 Minister, priest, of other religious bodies 034 Itinerant preacher, scripture reader, mission worker 035 Monks 036 Nun, sister of charity 037 Church, chapel, cemetery: officer, etc. 038 Barrister, advocate 039 Solicitor 040 Law clerk 041 Others connected with law 042 Physician, surgeon, registered practitioner, including poor law hospitals doctors, etc. 043 Dentists and dentists assistants 044 Veterinary surgeons 045 Midwives 046 Nurses (medical not domestic) including poor law nurses 047 Hospital sick nurses 048 Medical assistants 049 Subordinate medical service (unqualified) and medical services: general 050 Hospital workers general (default) 051 Hospital medical service 052 Schoolmasters and teachers (default) 053 University teachers 054 School service (pupil teachers) 055 Others connected with education: school service general, attendants, clerks, etc. 056 Authors, editors, journalists and creative advertising workers 057 Reporters and shorthand writers 058 Others in writing 059 Engaged in scientific pursuits (including inventors and scientific qualifiers) 060 Others scientific 061 Others connected with literature, etc., literary and scientific institution service 062 Others connected with literature, etc., political and election agents 063 Librarians (literary, scientific society) 064 Mining engineers 065 Civil engineers 066 Land, house, or ship surveyor 067 Mining engineers assistant 068 Civil engineers assistants 069 Surveyors assistant 070 Painters (artists) 071 Sculptors (artists) 072 Architects 073 Engravers (artists) and lithographic artists 074 Map, chart geographical engravers 075 Photographers 076 Musician, music master, singer (not teachers) 077 Actors 078 Architects assistants 079 Art, music, theatre, cinema: service, etc. 080 Performers, showmen, exhibition, service 081 Billiards, cricket and other games service 082 Domestic indoor servants in hotels, lodging houses and eating houses 083 Other domestic indoor servants: governesses 084 Other domestic indoor servants (undefined) 085 Domestic: coachman 087 Domestic gardener 088 Gamekeeper 089 Army college, club: service 090 Other college, club: service 091 Prison officers (reformatory school) 093 Hospital, Institution (not poor law), and benevolent society: service (not sick nurses, medical men, or schoolmasters) 094 Park, lodge, gate, etc., keeper (not government) 095 Church, chapel, cemetery: caretakers, keepers 097 Caretaker, office keepers (not government), school cleaners, caretakers 098 Cooks (not domestic) 099 Cooks (college: non:resident) 100 Cooks (boarding, lodging house, non resident) 101 Cooks (domestic, non resident) 102 Day girls, day servants (other indoor) 103 Day girls, day servants (hotels, lodging, eating houses) 104 Charwomen 105 Laundry worker: washer, ironer, mangler, etc. (not domestic) 106 Bath and wash house service 107 Governesses (domestic) (non resident) 108 Servants: undefined (non resident) 109 Others in service 110 Window cleaners 111 Merchant: commodity undefined 112 Brokers, factors, commercial agents (not mine, quarry, insurance) 113 Salesmen and buyers (not otherwise described) 114 Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents 115 Accountants 116 Auctioneers, appraisers, valuers, house agents 117 Surveyors (house agents) 118 Officers of commercial and others companies 119 Commercial or business clerks 120 Bankers 121 Bank service, bank officials and clerks 122 Bill brokers, agents and discounters 123 Insurance officials, clerks 124 Insurance agents 125 Railway official inspectors, supervsiors, or clerks 126 Railway ticket examiner, collector, or checker 127 Railway engine driver, stoker, or cleaner 128 Railway guard 129 Signalman 130 Pointsman, level crossing man, gatekeepers 131 Platelayer, ganger, packer 132 Railway labourer (not railway contractor's labourer) 133 Railway porter 134 Other railway servants 135 Livery, stablekeepers, cab and bus owners 136 Horse proprietor, breeder, dealer 137 Motor garage proprietor, or worker 138 Coachman (not domestic), cabman 139 Horsekeeper, groom stableman (not domestic) 140 Motor car driver (not domestic); motor cab driver 141 Carmen, carriers, carters and draymen 142 Hauliers (mine) 143 Water carriers 144 Motor van, etc. drivers 145 Van guard, boy, etc. 146 Others connected with carriage or cartage (not mine) 147 Others connected with carriage or cartage (mine) 148 Omnibus horse drivers (default) 149 Omnibus motor drivers 150 Omnibus conductors 151 Omnibus service, others 154 Tramway service, others 155 Others on roads, toll collectors 156 Others on roads, wheelchair proprietors, attendants 157 Merchant service; seaman navigating department 158 Merchant service; seaman engineering department 159 Merchant service; seaman cooks, stewards and others (subsidiary service) 160 Boatmen on seas (seamen general) 161 Pilots of ships 162 Bargemen, lightermen, watermen (and canal workers generally) 163 Canal and inland navigation service (on shore) 164 Ship and boat owners 165 Steam navigation service 166 Stevedores, wharf and dock labourers 167 Harbour, dock, wharf, lighthouse, officials and servants 168 Warehousemen (not manchester goods) 169 Meters, weighers engaged in storage 170 Coalheaver, coal porter, labourer 171 Messenger, porter, watchman (not railway or government) 172 Telegraph, telephone, service (not government) 173 Farmer, grazier 174 Crofters 175 Farmer's or Grazier's son, daughter or other relative assisting in the work of the farm 176 Crofters' son, daughter or other relative assisting in the work of the farm 177 Farm, bailiffs, stewards, foremen 178 Shepherd 179 Agricultural labourer, farm servant, distinguished as in charge of cattle 180 Agricultural labourer, farm servant, distinguished as in charge of horses 181 Agricultural labourer, farm servant, not otherwise distinguished 182 Woodman 183 Nurseryman, seedsman, florist 184 Market gardener (including labourer) 185 Other gardener (not domestic) 186 Agricultural machine, proprietor, attendant 187 Others in agriculture 188 Land drainage service 189 Rabbit catchers, trappers, destroyers (on farm) 190 Others engaged about animals (non agriculture) 191 Vermin destroyers (agriculture) 192 Thatchers (agriculture) 193 Others in coal, coke, peat and charcoal (including agricultural peat or turf workers) 194 Fishermen 195 Fishermen crofter 196 Coal miners, hewers, workers at the coal face 197 Shale miner 198 Coal miners, others below ground and undefined 199 Railway labourers navvies (coal mine) 200 Coal miners above ground 201 Mine service engineers 202 Mine owner, agent, or manager 203 Mine service others (coal) 204 Coke burners 205 Factory labourers (undefined) coke and gas 206 Patent fuel manufacture 207 Iron: miner, quarrier 208 Copper miner 209 Tin miner 210 Lead miner 211 Miners in other or undefined minerals 212 Gold miner 214 Metalliferous mine owner, general manager, or captain 216 Stone quarry managers agents 217 Slate quarry managers agents 219 Other quarries managers agents 220 Stone quarry mine owners 221 Slate quarry mine owners 224 Stone quarriers 225 Limestone quarrier 226 Stone cutters, dressers 227 Slate quarriers 228 Slate workers, cutters, dressers 229 Lime burners 230 Sand, flint, clay, gravel, or chalk workers 231 Fossil or corpolite diggers 232 Other workers in quarries 233 Emery, sand paper maker 235 Coal merchants and dealers 236 Coke dealers 237 Stone dealers 238 Slate dealers 239 Sand, flint, clay, or gravel dealers 241 Pig iron manufacture (blast furnace) 242 Puddling furnaces, iron and steel rolling mills 243 Tube manufacture 244 Steel manufacture, smelting, or founding 245 Galvanized sheet manufacture 246 Tinplate manufacture 247 Copper manufacture 248 Lead manufacture 249 Zinc manufacture 250 Brass or bronze manufacture 251 Gold, silver smelters, etc. (extraction) 252 Manufacture of other or unspecified metals 253 Patternmakers (engine and machine making (undefined: not textile)) 254 Patternmakers (spinning, weaving, machinery making) 255 Patternmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) 257 Patternmakers (undefined) 258 Millwright 259 Ironfounder: moulders, core maker, fetter, cupola, overn man, foundry labourer, other and undefined 260 Brass founders 261 Farriers 262 Blacksmiths 263 Fitters, turners (engine and machine) 264 Colliery fitters 265 Railway: signal, switch, turntable fitters 266 Fitters, turners (engine and machine) labourers 267 Brass finishers 268 Coppersmiths (various) 269 Metal machinists (engine and machine making) 270 Metal machinists (spinning, weaving, machinery making) 271 Metal machinists (agricultural machine and implement making) 272 Metal machinists (domestic machinery making) 273 Undefined engine and machine making (not textile) 274 Labourers (undefined) in engineering works 275 Boiler makers 276 Other workers (spinning, weaving, machinery making) 277 Other workers in textile machinery fittings 278 Engine and machine makers (undefined: not textile) 279 Domestic machinery makers 280 Agricultural machine and implement makers 281 Railway: makers of signal, switch, or turntable 282 Riveters, riggers, metal plate workers (not ships, textiles, boilers) 283 Techinicans (unspecified) 286 Other electrical apparatus makers 287 Electricians (undefined) 288 Printing reglet makers 289 Toolmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) 290 Toolmakers 291 Domestic implement makers: toolmakers 292 File makers 293 Saw makers 294 Cutlery and scissor makers 295 Needle makers 296 Pin makers 297 Steel pen makers 298 Roller, engravers, block cutters (for textile printing) 299 Type founders 300 Makers of die, seal, coin, or medal 301 Gunsmiths 302 Ordnance manufacture 303 Arms and ordnance, others 305 Nail manufacture 306 Bolt, nut, rivet and screw manufacture 307 Anchor and chain manufacture 308 Gas stove makers 309 Stove, grate, range, fire: iron makers 310 Brass bedstead makers 311 Iron bedstead makers 312 Wire/spring mattress makers 313 Wire makers, workers, or weavers 314 Wire fencer 315 Makers of lock and key 316 Gas fittings makers 317 Makers of lamp, lantern, or candlestick 318 Silver: smiths, buffers, burnishers, finishers 319 Plated ware manufacture of pewter, white or metal 320 Metal refiners and workers 321 Tinplate goods manufacture 322 Copper workers 323 Leaden goods manufacture (various) 324 Zinc goods workers 325 Implement makers in brass and bronze 326 Goods workers in brass and bronze 327 Makers of brass clasp, buckle, or hinge 328 Iron domestic implement makers 329 Makers of iron clasp, buckle, or hinge 330 Iron fence and gate maker 331 Other iron goods makers 333 Spring maker 334 Ironworkers (undefined) 335 Other implement makers 336 Tin workers 337 Metal burnishers (undefined) 339 Other metal workers 340 Tube manufacture in mixed or unspecified metals 343 Whitesmiths 344 Shackle makers 345 Ship, boat platers, rivetters 346 Workers in iron: metal ships 347 Fitters (ships) 348 Shipwrights: wood ships 349 Shipwrights: metal ships 350 Worker in wood, wood ships 351 Maker of mast, yard, oar, or block 352 Wood painters: ship and boat 353 Iron painters, ship and boat 354 Shipyard labourers (undefined) 355 Others in ship or boat building (with wood) 356 Others in ship or boat building (with metal) 357 Riggers (ships) 358 Ship chandler 359 Sailmakers 360 Railway, coach, wagon maker 361 Tram car maker 362 Bicycle makers, bicycle repairers 363 Motor car chassis maker, motor car mechanic 364 Motor car body maker 365 Maker of coach, carriage 366 Wheelwright 367 Cartwrights 368 Perambulator maker 369 Ironmonger: hardware dealer, merchant 370 General household appliance dealers 372 Dealers in electrical apparatus 374 Bicycle dealers 376 Dealers in copper 377 Dealers in tin, tinplate 378 Zinc dealers 379 Lead dealers 380 Metal dealers 381 Other dealers in machines, implements, etc. 382 Gold and silversmiths jewellers (not dealers) 383 Lapidaries and other precious material workers 384 Gold and silver beaters 385 Other workers gold, silver jewelry 386 Watch and clock makers 387 Philosophical instrument makers (scientific and optical) 388 Photographic apparatus makers 389 Weighing and measuring machine makers 390 Tinmen (meter making) 391 Dental instrument and apparatus makers 392 Surgical instrument and apparatus makers 393 Piano organ makers 394 Other musical instrument makers 395 Toy makers 396 Fishing tackle makers 397 Apparatus for other games makers 398 Gold and silversmiths jewellers (dealers) 399 Musical instrument dealers 400 Toy dealers 401 Fishing tackle dealers 403 Photographic apparatus, philosophical instrument (scientific and optical) dealers 404 Weighing and measuring machine dealers 405 Builders 406 Thatchers (not agriculture) 407 Builder's labourer 408 Builder's excavators 409 Carpenter, joiner 410 Carpenter's or joiner's labourer 411 Stove setters, furnace, ovenliners 412 Bricklaer 413 Bricklayer's labourer 414 Mason 415 Mason's labourer 416 Slaters and tilers 417 Plasterer 418 Plasterer's labourer 419 Whitewashers 420 Paperhangers 421 Painters, distemperers and decorators 422 Glaziers, lead window makers 423 Architectural or monumental carver or sculptor 424 Monumental mason 425 Plumber, pipe fitter 426 Gasfitter 427 Locksmith, bellhanger 428 Contractors: public works such as sewer, drainage, dock, harbour, or canal 429 Railway contractors 430 Pond reservoir makers 431 Sea wall or groyne labourers or pile drivers 432 Railway labourers navvies (contractors labourers) default 433 Well and mine sinker or borer 434 Road contractor, surveyor, inspector 435 Paviors 436 Road labourers 437 Cabinet makers 438 Furniture and fittings: other workers 439 French polisher 440 Upholsterer 441 Hot water apparatus, pipe jointers 442 House and shop fittings makers 443 Refrigerator maker 444 Undertaker, or funeral furniture maker 445 Wood carver 446 Wood gilder 447 Willow, cane and rush workers 448 Cane, rush, straw: other workers 449 Willow, cane and rush dealers 450 Dealer in works of art 451 Furniture brokers, dealers 452 House and shop: fittings dealers 453 Sawyer, wood cutting machinist 454 Maker of lath, wooden fence, hurdle 455 Wood turner 456 Wooden box or packing case maker 457 Cooper, hoop maker or bender 458 Cork, bark, cutter, worker 459 Timber wood workers 460 Besom maker 461 Other workers in wood 462 Timber merchants, wood dealers 463 Cork and bark dealers 464 Brick, plain tile, terra cotta maker 465 Plaster, cement: manufacture 466 Earthenware figure and image makers 467 Earthenware, china, porcelain: manufacture 468 Sheet, plate, glass manufacture 469 Glass bottle manufacture 470 Other workers in glass manufacture 471 Brick dealers 472 Plaster and cement dealers 473 Earthenware, china, glass: dealer 474 Dye and paint manufacture 475 Ink and blacking manufacture 476 Gunpowder, guncotton, explosive substance: manufacture 477 Cartridge, fireworks, explosive article: manufacture 478 Lucifer match manufacture 479 Salt makers and dealers 480 Manufacturing chemist 481 Alkali manufacture 482 Chemists, druggists 483 Drysalters 484 Oil millers, oil cake makers 485 Mineral oil worker 486 Tallow, chandlers, candle and grease manufacture 487 Soap boilers and makers 488 Manure manufacture, bone boilers 489 India rubber and gutta percha makers 490 Waterproof goods makers 491 Glue size and gelatine manufacture 492 Other workers in chemicals, etc. 493 Gum manufacture 494 Resin manufacture 496 Varnish maker 497 Oil cake dealers 498 Oil and colourmen 499 Soap dealers 500 Other dealers in chemicals,etc. 501 Floorcloth and oilcloth dealers 502 India rubber and gutta percha dealers 503 Waterproof goods dealers 504 Shellac dealers 505 Skinners, furriers 506 Tanners, fellmongers 507 Curriers 508 Leather goods manufacture (belts, etc.) 509 Parchment or vellum maker 510 Saddle, harness and whip makers 511 Hair and bristle workers 512 Brush and broom makers 513 Hair plume makers 514 Quill and feathers dressers 515 Dealers in skins 516 Dealers in leather 517 Quill and feathers dealers 518 Hair and bristle dealers 519 Paper manufacture 520 Paper stainer 521 Pencil makers 522 Card, stationery makers 524 Envelope manufacture 525 Paper bag makers 526 Cardboard box maker 527 Ticket writers 528 Other paper workers 529 Stationers (all assumed retail or law stationers) 530 Paper dealers 531 Hand compositors (default) 532 Machine compositors 533 Printing machine minders 534 Stereotypers, electrotypers 535 Music printers 536 Printers so described 537 Others in printing 538 Paper ruler 539 Lithographers 540 Copper plate printers 541 Map makers 542 Bookbinders 543 Publishers, booksellers and librarians (except public librarians) 544 Music publishers, music sellers 545 Map publishers, map and print sellers 546 Newspaper publishers 547 Newspaper agents 548 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, card blowing room processes 549 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, spinning processes 550 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, winding, warping processes 551 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, weaving processes 552 Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, other processes 553 Sheeting manufacture 554 Muslin embroiderer 555 Cotton and cotton goods manufature, undefined 556 Fustian manufacture 557 Woollen cloth manufacture, sorting 558 Woollen cloth manufacture, carding, combing 559 Wool spinners, wool piecers 560 Worsted and stuff manufacture, spinners, piecers 561 Wool winders, wool warpers, wool weavers 562 Worsted and stuff manufacture, winders, warpers, weavers 563 Flannel manufacture (various) 564 Blanket manufacture (various) 565 Other weaving processes (wool) 566 Woollen cloth manufacture, other processes 567 Tartan and wincey manufacture 568 Worsted and stuff manufacture, other processes 569 Knitter (woollen article) 570 Crimpers 571 Woollen cloth manufacture, undefined 572 Worsted and stuff manufacture, undefined 573 Fuller 574 Silk workers, spinners 575 Crepe, gauze, manufacture (various) 576 Silk workers, weaving processes 577 Ribbon manufacture 578 Silk workers, other processes 579 Silk workers, undefined 580 Flax, linen and damask manufacture (various) 581 Hemp manufacture (various) 582 Jute manufacture (various) 583 Cocoa fibre manufacture (various) 584 Rope, twine, or cord makers 585 Mat manufacture (various) 586 Net manufacture (various) 587 Canvas and sailcloth manufacture (various) 588 Sacking manufcture (various) 589 Tent maker 591 Thread manufacture (various) 592 Hosiery manufacture 593 Lace manufacture 594 Elastic web makers 595 Felt manufacture (various) 596 Carpet or rug manufacture (various) 597 Trimming makers 598 Tape manufacture (various) 599 Fancy goods, textile, manufacture (various) 600 Shawl makers 601 Knitter (undefined) 602 Embroiderers 603 Curtain makers 604 Tapestry manufacture 605 Weavers, sundry fabrics 606 Weavers (undefined) 607 Other workers, sundry fabrics undefined 608 Factory hands (textile) undefined (various) 609 Wool or woollen goods bleachers 610 Silk bleachers 611 Cotton and calico bleachers 612 Flax, linen, bleachers 613 Undefined textile bleachers 614 Wool or woollden goods printers 615 Silk printers 616 Cotton and calico printers 617 Undefined textile printers 618 Wool, woollden goods, dyers 619 Silk dyers 620 Cotton and calico dyers 621 Flax or linen dyers 622 Undefined textile dyers 623 Wool or woollen goods,finishers 624 Silk finishers 625 Cotton and calico finishers 626 Flax or linen finishers 627 Undefined textile finishers 628 Drapers linen, drapers mercers 629 Cotton planter, grower 630 Woolstapler, wool dealer, broker 631 Cloth, worsted and stuff merchants, dealers 632 Yarn merchant 633 Waste merchant 634 Silk merchants, dealers 635 Rope, twine, cord, dealers 636 Mat sellers 637 Other fibrous materials dealers 638 Cotton and calico dealers 639 Flax, linen, dealers 640 Lace dealers 641 Fustian dealers 643 Manchester goods warehousemen 644 Dealers sundry fabrics 645 Straw plait manufacture 646 Straw hat manufacture 647 Felt hat manufacture, woollen bonnet manufacture 648 Cloth, hat, cap, manufacture 649 Hat, cap (not cloth, felt, straw) manufacture 650 Milliners (not retail,workshop/factory) 651 Hatters 652 Milliners (retail) 653 Tailors (not merchants), default 654 Other clothing manufacturers 655 Clothier and outfitters (i.e. dealers and merchants) 656 Clothes dealers 657 Dressmakers 658 Stay and corset makers 659 Shirtmakers and seamstresses 660 Button makers 661 Glove manufacture 662 Hosiers, haberdashers 663 Shoe and boot makers (and repairers) 664 Slipper makers 665 Patten or clog makers 666 Footwear dealers 667 Artificial flower makers 668 Hairdressers 669 Umbrella, parasol and stick makers 670 Accoutrement makers 671 Glove dealers 673 Umbrella, parasol and stick dealers 674 Other dealers in dress 675 Artifical flower dealers 676 Creamery workers 677 Cowkeepers, milksellers 678 Provision curers 679 Cheesemongers, buttermen 680 Provision dealers 681 Slaughterer 682 Butchers and meat salesmen 683 Fish curers 684 Poulterers, game dealers 685 Fishmongers 686 Corn millers 687 Corn, flour and seed merchants dealers 688 Hay, straw and chaff cutters 689 Hay, straw and chaff dealers 690 Biscuit, cake and bread makers 691 Bakers (dealers) 692 Biscuit, cake, dealers (confectionists) 693 Sugar refiners 694 Jam, preserve, or sweet makers 695 Chocolate, cocoa makers 696 Coffee, tea, planter, grower 697 Grocers, tea dealers 698 Greengrocers, fruiterers, potato dealers 699 Ginger beer, mineral water manufacture, others 700 Mustard, vinegar, spice, pickle makers 701 Ice makers 702 Sugar planter, grower 703 Others dealing in food 704 Hop merchants, dealers 706 Tobacco manufacture 707 Tobacconists 708 Maltsters 709 Brewers 710 Distillers and rectifiers 711 Coffee and eating, house keepers 712 Lodging and boarding house keepers 713 Innkeepers, hotel keepers and publicans 714 Beersellers 715 Beer bottlers 716 Cellarmen 717 Barmen (not in service) 718 Boarding, lodging house waiters (non resident) 719 Hotel waiters 720 Hotel porters, boots, knifemen, platemen, plate cleaners, polishers (non,resident) 721 Other hotel servants 722 Wine and spirit merchants 723 Gas works service 724 Waterworks service 725 Other electricity supply 726 Electricity generation, distribution 727 Town drainage 728 Scavenging, street cleaners, crossing sweepers, dustmen 730 Advertising agents 731 Billstickers 732 Sandwichmen, bill distributors 733 Salesman of cattle, sheep, etc. 734 Drovers 735 Others engaged about animals (not agriculture) 736 Knackers, catsmeat dealers 737 Celluloid makers, workers 738 Tobacco pipe and snuff box manufacture 739 Bone, horn, ivory, tortoise,shell, workers 740 Comb makers 741 Floorcloth and oilcloth manufacture 742 Japanners 743 Chimney sweepers 744 Rag dealers 745 Organ grinders 746 Animal, bird preservers and taxidermists 747 Figure and image makers not earthenware 748 Gut manufacture 749 Charcoal burners 750 Other workers in sundry industries 751 Dealers in sundry materials 753 Sponge dealer 754 Charcoal dealers 755 Water dealers 756 Receiving shop, receiving office, keepers, assistants 757 Multiple shop keepers 758 General shopkeepers, dealers 759 Pawnbrokers 760 Hawkers, hucksters, costers 761 Manufacturers, managers, superintendents, foremen (unspecified) 762 Contractors, public works, etc. 763 News boys, vendors 764 Corporation, borough, council labourers (undefined) 765 General labourers 766 Engine drivres, stokers, firemen (not railway, marine, or agricultural) 767 Draughtsmen (undefined) 768 Artisans mechanics 769 Apprentices 770 Factory labourers (undefined) 771 Machinists, machine workers (undefined) 772 Retired (not army or navy) 773 Army pensioners 774 Navy pensioners 775 Pensioners, superannuated 776 Receiving old age pension (occupation or former occupation not stated) 777 Owners of companies 778 Private means 779 Theological students 780 Law students 781 Medical students 782 Literary students 783 Art students 784 Scientific students 785 Other students 786 Agricultural students 787 Scholars, etc. 788 Wives and others engaged in (own) household duties 789 Wives assisting generally in their husbands occupations 790 Widows (of no specified occupation) 791 Children, relatives, visitors at home 792 Prostitutes 793 Foreign diplomats 794 No specified occupation but receiving income or support 795 Children with no specified occupation 796 Prisoners, reform school inmates, etc. 797 Vagrants or unemployed persons with no specified occupation 999 Unknown Occupation of household head. IPUMS Number of head of household, conjugal family unit (CFU) United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 1 1 2 2 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Number of head of household, conjugal family unit (CFU). IPUMS Surname shared within houseful United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Surname shared within houseful. IPUMS Conjugal family unit (CFU) of individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Conjugal family unit (CFU) of individual. IPUMS Number of conjugal family units (CFUs) within the family group United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 27 27 70 70 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Number of conjugal family units (CFUs) within the family group. IPUMS Total number of conjugal family units (CFUs) within house United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 09 9 27 27 70 70 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Total number of conjugal family units (CFUs) within house. IPUMS Size of conjugal family unit (CFUs) in which individual is living United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Size of conjugal family unit (CFUs) in which individual is living. IPUMS Person number of spouse United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 045 45 046 46 048 48 049 49 051 51 052 52 055 55 056 56 057 57 060 60 061 61 063 63 065 65 066 66 067 67 069 69 070 70 072 72 073 73 075 75 076 76 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 097 97 098 98 101 101 102 102 105 105 106 106 107 107 111 111 112 112 114 114 115 115 118 118 119 119 123 123 124 124 125 125 127 127 128 128 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 144 144 145 145 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 162 162 163 163 169 169 170 170 174 174 175 175 178 178 179 179 182 182 183 183 187 187 188 188 194 194 195 195 204 204 205 205 211 211 212 212 216 216 217 217 225 225 226 226 233 233 234 234 237 237 238 238 242 242 243 243 245 245 246 246 250 250 251 251 258 258 259 259 264 264 265 265 267 267 268 268 274 274 275 275 292 292 293 293 295 295 296 296 302 302 303 303 310 310 311 311 317 317 318 318 322 322 323 323 326 326 327 327 334 334 335 335 342 342 343 343 346 346 347 347 350 350 351 351 368 368 369 369 372 372 373 373 376 376 377 377 379 379 380 380 384 384 385 385 395 395 396 396 400 400 401 401 404 404 405 405 407 407 408 408 416 416 417 417 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Person number of spouse. IPUMS Person number of father United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 027 27 086 86 136 136 342 342 364 364 416 416 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Person number of father. IPUMS Person number of mother United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 023 23 025 25 028 28 030 30 039 39 137 137 284 284 344 344 365 365 417 417 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Person number of mother. IPUMS Number of female never-married children living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 036 36 101 101 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Number of female never-married children living with the individual. IPUMS Number of male never-married children living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 043 43 101 101 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Number of male never-married children living with the individual. IPUMS Number of male ever-married children living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 26 26 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Number of male ever-married children living with the individual. IPUMS Number of female ever-married children living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) Number of female ever-married children living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of never-married children living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 018 18 022 22 079 79 202 202 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Total number of never-married children living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of children living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 018 18 022 22 035 35 079 79 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Total number of children living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of relatives living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 030 30 033 33 035 35 037 37 038 38 039 39 124 124 126 126 127 127 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 369 369 371 371 372 372 373 373 374 374 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Total number of relatives living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of inmates living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 20 20 29 29 37 37 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Total number of inmates living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of servants living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 20 20 24 24 28 28 33 33 72 72 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Total number of servants living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of non-kin living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 040 40 041 41 044 44 061 61 069 69 070 70 072 72 137 137 418 418 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) Total number of non-kin living with the individual. IPUMS Total number of visitors living with the individual United Kingdom 1871: Persons in private households 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) Total number of visitors living with the individual. IPUMS