DDI_WLD_2019-2023_FAT_v01_M_WB WLD_2019-2023_FAT_v01_M Development Data Group 2026-02-19 MetadataEditor Version 01 Technology Sophistication Across Establishments FAT QJE 2026 WLD_2019-2023_FAT_v01_M Xavier Cirera Diego Comin Marcio Cruz MetadataEditor The World Bank Group World Bank Group Partnership Facility Competitive Industries and Innovation Program InfoDev Multi-Donor Trust Fund Marcio Cruz Xavier Cirera Financial and Private Sector Development Network (FPD) Enterprise Survey [en/oth] Bangladesh Brazil Burkina Faso Cambodia Chile Croatia Ethiopia Georgia Ghana India Kenya Korea, Rep. Poland Senegal Vietnam Bangladesh; Brazil (Ceará, Paraná, and São Paulo); Burkina Faso; Cambodia; Chile; Croatia; Ethiopia; Georgia; Ghana; India (Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra); Kenya; Poland; Senegal; South Korea; and Vietnam. Brazil refers to the states of Ceará, Paraná, and São Paulo. India refers to the states of Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Sample survey data [ssd] Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi] Publicly available. Marcio Cruz Xavier Cirera fat0_raw_data_qje Firm-level Adoption of Technology (FAT) dataset: This is the main microdata with the variables from the Firm-level Adoption of Technology (FAT) survey used in the paper - Technology Sophistication Across Establishments. 21055 723 isic_data ISIC Rev. 4 sector classification data 21055 4 Sampling size Multi-Establishment -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Number of workers (screener) Private foreign ownership % -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 15 17 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 30 31 33 34 35 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 47 48 49 50 51 53 55 57 58 60 61 63 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 80 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Founder - Ownership -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 Founder 2 Founder's family 3 No Sector - group 1 Agriculture 2 Livestock 3 Food Processing 4 Apparel 5 Motor vehicles 6 Pharmaceuticals 7 Wholesale or retail 8 Financial services 9 Land transport 10 Health services 11 Leather 12 Accommodation 13 Bricks 14 Iron and Steel 15 Cement 101 Other Manufact. 102 Other Services Year of beginning operations Top Manager - Experience Same Sector -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 63 64 65 66 67 70 72 74 78 83 88 94 100 111 123 153 230 254 Top Manager - Female -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Top Manager - Highest Education -9 Don’t know 1 Primary school 2 Secondary school 3 Complete high-school 4 College degree 5 Post-Graduation (MBA, Master or PhD) 6 Top Manager - Studied Abroad -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Electrical Connection -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Power Outages - Year -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No No. of Desktop or Laptops Internet connection -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Production compared to other firms in country Production compared to other firms in world Years using b8a4, b8a5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 42 43 45 46 49 50 52 57 60 71 100 2014 Years using b9a4, b9a5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 36 40 Years using b10a4, b10a5 Years using b11a4, b11a5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 29 30 33 39 40 Years using b12a3, b12a4, b12a5, b12a6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 32 34 35 40 42 45 50 2013 Years using b12b4, b13b5, b13b6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 34 35 37 38 40 41 42 45 50 53 57 63 80 1150 2005 2013 2014 2015 Years using b14a5, b14a6 Years using b15a4, b15a5 Years using c1_1b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 25 27 30 32 33 40 60 Years using c1_2b5, c1_2b6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 25 27 29 30 31 33 38 40 Years using c1_3b6, c1_3b7 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 15 18 20 Years using c1_4b4, c1_4b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 27 29 30 33 35 40 70 Years using c1_5b3, c1_5b4, c1_5b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 30 32 35 40 41 54 60 Years using c1_6b, c1_6b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 24 25 30 32 35 40 45 Years using c2_1b3, c2_1b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 28 30 38 56 Years using c2_2b5, c2_2b6, c2_2b7 -999999999 missing -9 Don't know 1 If one year or less than one year 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 27 28 30 34 38 40 56 Years using c2_3b3, c2_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 30 37 38 39 40 56 Years using c2_4b5, c2_4b6, c2_4b7 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 3 4 5 7 10 15 20 21 24 28 30 Years using c2_5b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 15 16 17 20 21 23 28 30 Years using c3_1b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 23 25 30 32 35 40 50 63 73 Years using c3_2b3, c3_2b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 40 42 50 53 55 60 63 73 99 Years using c3_3b3, c3_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 35 39 40 42 50 53 55 58 60 66 73 Years using c3_4b3, c_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 33 35 36 40 42 50 53 55 63 73 Years using c3_5b3, c3_5b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 39 40 42 43 44 50 53 55 58 60 63 66 73 76 87 Years using c4_1b2, c4_1b3 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 30 35 Years using c4_2b4, c4_2b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 25 30 35 Years using c4_3b3, c4_3b4, c4_3b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 31 32 35 37 40 50 800 Years using c4_4b3, c4_4b4, c4_4b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 30 35 Years using c5_1b4, c5_1b5, c5_1b6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 20 24 25 Years using c5_2b4, c5_2b5 ,c5_2b6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 15 17 20 25 34 Years using c5_3b3, c5_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 3 5 10 12 13 14 15 17 20 25 34 Years using c5_4b3, c5_4b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 14 15 18 24 25 34 1999 Years using c5_5b2, c5_5b3 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 24 25 28 30 34 40 Years using c6_1b3, c6_1b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 30 31 34 39 Years using c6_2b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 34 35 Years using c6_3b3, c6_3b4, c6_3b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 30 34 35 39 Years using c6_4b3, c6_4b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 27 30 35 Years using c6_5b2, c6_5b3 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 27 30 32 34 35 37 39 Years using c6_6b2, c6_6b3 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 29 30 34 35 37 39 Years using c7_1b3, c7_1b4, c7_1b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 37 53 57 67 Years using c7_2b4, c7_2b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 29 30 33 Years using c7_3b3, c7_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 53 67 Years using c7_4b4, c7_4b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 30 Years using c7_5b5, c7_5b6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 24 25 27 30 34 53 67 Years using c8_1b3, c8_1b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 25 28 29 30 34 36 38 40 46 50 52 60 Years using c8_2b4, c8_2b5, c8_2b6 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 20 21 24 25 29 30 34 36 40 43 46 60 Years using c8_3b2, c8_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 17 18 20 21 25 27 30 34 36 38 40 42 46 49 51 52 57 60 Years using c8_4b3, c8_4b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 25 30 38 40 43 46 52 60 Years using c8_5b2, c8_5b3 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 29 30 34 35 38 40 46 50 52 60 Years using c9_1b3, c9_1b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 21 22 25 26 31 Years using c9_2b3, c9_2b4, c9_2b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 25 26 29 31 Years using c9_3b3, c9_3b4, c9_3b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 25 26 29 31 Years using c9_4b3, c9_4b4, c9_4b5 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 22 24 25 26 29 31 39 Years using c9_5b3, c9_5b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 25 29 31 Years using c10_2b3, c10_2b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30 Years using c10_3b3, c10_3b4 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 27 29 30 35 37 40 Years using c10_4c2 -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 27 30 35 37 53 Years using c11_1b2, c11_1b3 Years using c11_2b4, c11_2b5 Years using c11_3b3, c11_3b4, c11_cb5 Years using c11_4b3, c11_4b4, c11_4b5 Purchase/Lease - Equip. or Mach. -9 Don't know 1 Yes, new 2 Yes, second hand 3 Yes, both (new and second hand) 4 No Purchase or Lease - Software License -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Dev., Custom. or Modif. of Machine or Software -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No Loan - mach., equip or licensing -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No No. - needed to borrow but not get it Formal Incentives - Money, gift, or recognition -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No No. KPIs monitored -9 Don't know 1 1-2 key performance indicators 2 3-9 key performance indicators 3 10 or more key performance indicators 4 No key performance indicators Frequency monitoring the KPIs -9 Don't know 1 Yearly 2 Quarterly 3 Monthly 4 Weekly 5 Daily 6 Hourly or more frequently 7 Never Time frame - production targets -9 Don't know 1 Short-term (< 1 yr) prod. targets 2 Long-term (>=1 yr) prod. targets 3 Comb. of short and long-term prod. targets 4 No prod. targets Did export? -9 Don't know 1 Exported directly 2 Exported through trading firms 3 Did not export Direct Exports (% of sales) Imported inputs, machines or equipment? -9 Don't know 1 Yes 2 No No. of permanent workers, full-time (ref_year1) No. of permanent workers, part-time (ref_year1) No. of temporary or seasonal workers, full-time (ref_year1) -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 33 34 35 40 42 45 46 50 52 55 56 57 58 60 64 70 72 75 80 90 92 93 98 100 101 110 115 120 140 144 150 160 176 180 200 221 250 275 277 290 300 356 400 405 460 500 550 579 700 1000 1155 1401 1500 1800 1830 2808 No. of temporary or seasonal workers, part-time (ref_year1) -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 23 25 30 31 35 39 40 50 59 60 62 70 72 75 80 94 100 121 150 200 245 275 420 500 % of workers - vocational training -9 Don't know -7 Not applicable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 76 77 78 80 82 84 85 86 87 88 90 91 92 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 % of workers - completed college degree or more Total sales (ref_year1) Total labor cost (ref_year1) Total material cost (ref_year1) Total energy cost (ref_year1) Operation cost (ref_year1) Equipment cost (ref_year1) Building cost (ref_year1) Main product - % share in total sales Main product - average markup Country Sampling location Formal Sector Sampling Weight Total no. workers by end of (ref_year1) Adopted - Business Administration - Handwritten Processes Adopted - Business Administration - Computers (standard softwares) Adopted - Business Administration - Mobile Apps or Digital Platform Adopted - Business Administration - Computers (specialised softwares) Adopted - Business Administration - ERP Adopted - Production Planning - Handwritten processes Adopted - Production Planning - Computers (standard softwares) Adopted - Production Planning - Mobile Apps or digital platforms Adopted - Production Planning - Specialized software Adopted - Production Planning - ERP Adopted - Suppliers - manual search Adopted - Suppliers - management of supply chain info Adopted - Suppliers - online social media Adopted - Suppliers - SRM (not integrated w prod planning) Adopted - Suppliers - SRM (integrated w prod planning) Adopted - Marketing - Face to Face Chat Adopted - Marketing - Online Chat Adopted - Marketing - Structured Surveys Adopted - Marketing - CRM Adopted - Marketing - Big Data Analytics Adopted - Fabrication - Manual Adopted - Fabrication - Machines w/o computer Adopted - Fabrication - Computer Adopted - Fabrication - Robots Adopted - Fabrication - Additive manufacturing Adopted - Fabrication - Other Adv. Processes Adopted - Sales - Establishment Premises Adopted - Sales - Phone, email or sales representatives Adopted - Sales - Social media platforms/apps Adopted - Sales - Online Sales (ext. dig. platforms) Adopted - Sales - Online Sales (own website) Adopted - Sales - Electronic orders Adopted - Payment - goods exchange Adopted - Payment - cash Adopted - Payment - Cheque, voucher, bank wire Adopted - Payment - Cards Adopted - Payment - Online/electronic Adopted - Payment - Online (platforms) Adopted - Payment - Cryptocurrency Adopted - Quality Control - Manual, Visual or Written Adopted - Quality Control - Human Inspection Adopted - Quality Control - Statistical Control Adopted - Quality Control - Automated Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - Radio Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - TV Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - Non-internet mobile Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - Mobile internet tech Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - Meet other producers Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - Pub. or Pvt. agent visit Adopted - Crops: Info. sources - Precision agriculture Adopted - Land prep - Manual plowing (simple tools) Adopted - Land prep - Animal Aided Adopted - Land prep - Manually operated machines Adopted - Land prep - Digitally operated tractors or equipment Adopted - Irrig.- Rain-fed, no additional irrig. Adopted - Irrig. - Manual irrig. Adopted - Irrig. - Surface Flood Irrig. Adopted - Irrig. - Small Pump Adopted - Irrig. - Drip, localized, underground, Sprinkler, centre pivot Adopted - Irrig. - Automated Adopted - Weeding/pest control - Manual application Adopted - Weeding/pest control - Mechanical application Adopted - Weeding/pest control - Biological methods Adopted - Weeding/pest control - Precision agriculture Adopted - Weeding/pest control - Advanced precision agriculture Adopted - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Manual Adopted - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Animal Aided Adopted - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Human-operated machines Adopted - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Manually mechanised Adopted - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Digitally automated Adopted - Storage facility - Precarious Adopted - Storage facility - Protected (w/o temp. control) Adopted - Storage facility - Special Storage (temp. control) Adopted - Storage facility - High-end central storage Adopted - Storage facility - Cont. temp. monitoring Adopted - Packing - Manual Adopted - Packing - Human-operated mech. equip. Adopted - Packing - Automated Adopted - Packing - Modified atmosphere Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - Radio Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - TV Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - Non-internet mobile Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - Mobile internet tech Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - Meet other producers Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - Pub or pvt agen visits Adopted - Livestock: Info sources - Precision agri tools Adopted - Breeding/genetic - Breed substitution Adopted - Breeding/genetic - Inbreeding or Crossbreeding Adopted - Breeding/genetic - Artificial insemination (AI) Adopted - Breeding/genetic - Selective breeding Adopted - Animal nutrition - Household waste or fibrous crop residues Adopted - Animal nutrition - Natural grasslands and pastures Adopted - Animal nutrition - Integrated crop-livestock systems Adopted - Animal nutrition - Production of forage crops Adopted - Animal nutrition - Production of supplementary feed Adopted - Animal nutrition - Manu. or mixing of feed Adopted - Animal nutrition - Prod. of genetically-modified feed Adopted - Animal healthcare - Rapid diagnostic tests Adopted - Animal healthcare - Pest sprays Adopted - Animal healthcare - Vaccines Adopted - Animal healthcare - DNA or RNA vaccine Adopted - Animal healthcare - Disease med. Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Human Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Animal-aided Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Feedlots or grazing Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Automated cameras/video Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Unmanned aerial Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Analog tracking Adopted - Herd mgt/monitoring - Digital tracking Adopted - Transp. livestock - Manual Adopted - Transp. livestock - Non-motorized vehicles Adopted - Transp. livestock - Motorized vehicles Adopted - Transp. livestock - Specialized/climate-controlled vehicles Adopted - Input testing - Sensory Adopted - Input testing - Review of supplier testing Adopted - Input testing - Non-computer-controlled Adopted - Input testing - Computer testing Adopted - Food prep. - Manual Adopted - Food prep. - Mech. equipment (human force) Adopted - Food prep. - Power equipment (human interaction) Adopted - Food prep. - Power equipment (computers or robotics, minimal int.) Adopted - Anti-bacterial - Minimal-processing preservation Adopted - Anti-bacterial - Anti-bacterial wash or soaking Adopted - Anti-bacterial - Thermal Processing Adopted - Anti-bacterial - Other adv. methods Adopted - Food pkg. - Manual Adopted - Food pkg. - Human-operated mech. equip. Adopted - Food pkg. - Power equip. (human interaction) Adopted - Food pkg. - Power equip. (comp./robotics, min. human int.) Adopted - Food storage - Minimal protection (some exposure) Adopted - Food storage - Ambient conditions (closed building) Adopted - Food storage - Some climate control (secured building) Adopted - Food storage - Automated climate (security-controlled building) Adopted - Design drawing - Manual/hand-draw Adopted - Design drawing - Digital/semi-digital design Adopted - Design drawing - CAD Adopted - Cutting - Manual cutting Adopted - Cutting - Cutting machine (manually operated) Adopted - Cutting - Semi-Automatic cutting machine Adopted - Cutting - Automatic/Computerized cutting machine (no Laser) Adopted - Cutting - Automatic/Computerized cutting machine (Laser) Adopted - Sewing - Manually Adopted - Sewing - Machine (manually operated) Adopted - Sewing - Semi-automated machines Adopted - Sewing - Automated machines Adopted - Sewing - 3D Knitting Adopted - Finishing/ironing - Basic manual ironing Adopted - Finishing/ironing - Electric high-pressure steam iron Adopted - Finishing/ironing - Tunnel finisher Adopted - Finishing/ironing - Form finishing machine Adopted - Finishing/ironing - High tech pressing machine Adopted - Assembly/fabrication - Machines (controlled by operators) Adopted - Assembly/fabrication - FMC or FMS Adopted - Assembly/fabrication - Lasers (materials processing) Adopted - Assembly/fabrication - CNC machinery Adopted - Assembly/fabrication - Robots Adopted - Assembly/fabrication - Additive manufacturing Adopted - Body press/welding - Pressing of skin panels (operators) Adopted - Body press/welding - Pressing of structural components (operators) Adopted - Body press/welding - Welding of main body (operators) Adopted - Body press/welding - Pressing of skin panels (automated) Adopted - Body press/welding - Pressing of structural components (automated) Adopted - Body press/welding - Welding of main body (automated) Adopted - Painting - Water-based painting (operators) Adopted - Painting - Solvent-based painting (operators) Adopted - Painting - Water-based painting (automated) Adopted - Painting - Solvent-based painting (automated) Adopted - Plastic injection- Non-visible interior plastic (operators) Adopted - Plastic injection - Plastic exterior body parts (operators) Adopted - Plastic injection- Non-visible interior plastic (robotics) Adopted - Plastic injection - Plastic exterior body parts (robotics) Adopted - Productive asset mgt. - Breakdown maintenance Adopted - Productive asset mgt. - Preventative/predictive maintenance Adopted - Productive asset mgt. - Model Based Condition Monitoring Adopted - Air filtration - Unfiltered air Adopted - Air filtration - Basic Adopted - Air filtration - HEPA Adopted - Air filtration - Ultra HEPA, pressurization control Adopted - Weighting - Beam Scales Adopted - Weighting - Analog Scales Adopted - Weighting - Electronic Scales Adopted - Weighting - Automated Weighing Adopted - Mixing/compounding - Manual Adopted - Mixing/compounding - Planetary Mixers OR homogenizers Adopted - Mixing/compounding - High Speed, High Shear Granulators Adopted - Mixing/compounding - Fluid Bed Processors (not with syrups) Adopted - Mixing/compounding - Fully Automated Compounding Adopted - Compression/encapsulation - Manual Adopted - Compression/encapsulation - Motorized Adopted - Compression/encapsulation - Automated Adopted - Compression/encapsulation - Integrated Adopted - Quality control - Manual, titrimetric/chromatographic Adopted - Quality control - Elec. chromatography Adopted - Quality control - Elec. chromatography w data acquisition Adopted - Packaging - Manual filling pills or syrups Adopted - Packaging - Slat Counters, Cottoners, etc; machine filling Adopted - Packaging - Automated, integrated packaging lines Adopted - Cust. serv. - Store Adopted - Cust. serv. - Phone or Help Desk Adopted - Cust. serv. - Social Media Adopted - Cust. serv. - Online requests Adopted - Cust. serv. - Chatbots Adopted - Pricing - Manual Cost Adopted - Pricing - Automated markup Adopted - Pricing - Automated promotional Adopted - Pricing - Dynamic pricing systems Adopted - Pricing - Personalized pricing (predictive analytics) Adopted - Merchandising - Manually selection Adopted - Merchandising - Category mgt. Adopted - Merchandising - Retail Merch. Systems or Digital Merch. Adopted - Merchandising - Product trend analytics Adopted - Inventory - Handwritten record keeping Adopted - Inventory - Computer databases (manual updates) Adopted - Inventory - WMS (specialised software) Adopted - Inventory - CAO, vendor-managed, and/or radio-frequency identification Adopted - Inventory - AS/RS Adopted - Ad channels - Paper based communication Adopted - Ad channels - Radio, Billboards, TV Adopted - Ad channels - Email or mobile phone Adopted - Ad channels - Social Media Adopted - Ad channels - Search Engine Marketing Adopted - Ad channels - Big data Analytics or AI Adopted - Cust. serv. - Teller Adopted - Cust. serv. - ATM machines Adopted - Cust. serv. - On-line on company website Adopted - Cust. serv. - Mobile app Adopted - Verification id - Teller Adopted - Verification id - online passwords Adopted - Verification id - online passwords (combined) Adopted - Verification id - Digital auth. Adopted - Verification id - Biometrics Adopted - Verification id - Blockchain Adopted - Loan app - Loan officer (paper-based) Adopted - Loan app - Mobile app + paper Adopted - Loan app - Channel partners Adopted - Credit approvals - Analyst (paper-based) Adopted - Credit approvals - Analyst (digital info) Adopted - Credit approvals - Automated Adopted - Credit approvals - Algorithm (AI or Big-Data) Adopted - Op. supp. - writing records Adopted - Op. supp. - dig. accounting (PCs) Adopted - Op. supp. - dig. network Adopted - Transportation planning - handwritten info. Adopted - Transportation planning - electronic file share Adopted - Transportation planning - installed software Adopted - Transportation planning - real time info. with ERP Adopted - Loading - Manual process (fax, text, phone) Adopted - Loading - Manual process (dig. platforms) Adopted - Loading - web-based Adopted - Loading - specific software interface via Internet Adopted - Loading - file exchange (ERP integrated apps) Adopted - Monitoring load/delivery - Event driven (fax, text, phone calls) Adopted - Monitoring load/delivery - Event driven (digital) Adopted - Monitoring load/delivery - Paper documentation Adopted - Monitoring load/delivery - installed softwares Adopted - Monitoring load/delivery - ERP integrated apps Adopted - Transp. perf. - manually Adopted - Transp. perf. - computer (non-specialized software) Adopted - Transp. perf. - computer (specialised transp. reporting) Adopted - Transp. perf. - installed software Adopted - Transp. perf. - file exchange between ERP integrated Adopted - Fleet management - manual Adopted - Fleet management - electronic file Adopted - Fleet management - ETM Adopted - Fleet management - ERP and software Adopted - Hosp. facilities - ER Adopted - Hosp. facilities - Postoperative care area Adopted - Hosp. facilities - ICU Adopted - Hosp. facilities - Blood Bank Adopted - Hosp. facilities - Testing labs Adopted - Hosp. facilities - X-ray Adopted - Hosp. facilities - ultrasound machine Adopted - Hosp. facilities - CT scan Adopted - Hosp. facilities - MRI machine Adopted - Hosp. facilities - Pulse oximetry Adopted - Hosp. facilities - ultrasound machine Adopted - Scheduling - Personal visit and paper Adopted - Scheduling - Phone call, SMS, or Email Adopted - Scheduling - Software or app (w/o automated reminders) Adopted - Scheduling - Software or app (w automated reminders) Adopted - Patient records - Handwritten process Adopted - Patient records - Digital patient records Adopted - Patient records - EHR Adopted - Patient records - Cloud-based HER Adopted - Med. mgt./admin. - Handwritten Adopted - Med. mgt./admin. - Barcode/electronic id Always available- Sepsis treat. - antibiotics Always available- Sepsis treat. - adv. therapies Always available- Childbirth - C-section Always available- Childbirth - High-risk labor Always available- Trauma - Traction (closed fracture) Always available- Trauma - Open Treatment of Fracture Always available- Myocardial infarction/Strokes - defibrillation Always available- Myocardial infarction/Strokes - angiography Adopted - Design - Manual Adopted - Design - Digital or semi-digital Adopted - Design - CAD, 3D, or virtual Adopted - Cutting - Manual Adopted - Cutting - Machine manually-operated Adopted - Cutting - Semi-automatic machine Adopted - Cutting - Automatic/Computerised (no Laser) Adopted - Cutting - Automatic/Computerised (Laser) Adopted - Sewing - Manually Adopted - Sewing - Machine (manually) Adopted - Sewing - Machine (semi-automated) Adopted - Sewing - Machine (automated) Adopted - Sewing - 3D Knitting Adopted - Assembly/Finishing - manual Adopted - Assembly/Finishing - conveyor/assembly (static/semi-automated) Adopted - Assembly/Finishing - conveyor/assembly (dynamic/automated) Adopted - Assembly/Finishing - injection machine Adopted - Assembly/Finishing - 3D printing Adopted - Reservations - handwritten Adopted - Reservations - digital (std software) Adopted - Reservations - dedicated Adopted - Reservations - PMS Adopted - Reservations - cloud-based Adopted - Accom Pricing - manual cost Adopted - Accom Pricing - automated markup Adopted - Accom Pricing - automated promotional Adopted - Accom Pricing - dynamic pricing Adopted - Accom Pricing - personalised pricing Adopted - Housekeeping - handwritten Adopted - Housekeeping - digital (std. software) Adopted - Housekeeping - dedicated Adopted - Housekeeping - PMS Adopted - Housekeeping - cloud-based Adopted - Laundry - manual Adopted - Laundry - domestic Adopted - Laundry - industrial (w automatic sheet fold) Adopted - Laundry - industrial (w/o automatic sheet fold) Adopted - PoS - handwritten Adopted - PoS - digital records Adopted - PoS - specialised software Adopted - PoS - PMS Adopted - PoS - cloud-based Most used - Business Administration - Handwritten Processes Most used - Business Administration - Computers (standard softwares) Most used - Business Administration - Mobile Apps or Digital Platform Most used - Business Administration - Computers (specialised softwares) Most used - Business Administration - ERP Most used - Production Planning - Handwritten processes Most used - Production Planning - Computers (standard softwares) Most used - Production Planning - Mobile Apps or digital platforms Most used - Production Planning - Specialized software Most used - Production Planning - ERP Most used - Suppliers - manual search Most used - Suppliers - management of supply chain info Most used - Suppliers - online social media Most used - Suppliers - SRM (not integrated w prod planning) Most used - Suppliers - SRM (integrated w prod planning) Most used - Marketing - Face to Face Chat Most used - Marketing - Online Chat Most used - Marketing - Structured Surveys Most used - Marketing - CRM Most used - Marketing - Big Data Analytics Most used - Sales - Establishment Premises Most used - Sales - Phone, email or sales representatives Most used - Sales - Social media platforms/apps Most used - Sales - Online Sales (ext. dig. platforms) Most used - Sales - Online Sales (own website) Most used - Sales - Electronic orders Most used - Payment - goods exchange Most used - Payment - cash Most used - Payment - Cheque, voucher, bank wire Most used - Payment - Cards Most used - Payment - Online/electronic Most used - Payment - Online (platforms) Most used - Payment - Cryptocurrency Most used - Quality Control - Manual, Visual or Written Most used - Quality Control - Human Inspection Most used - Quality Control - Statistical Control Most used - Quality Control - Automated Most used - Fabrication - Manual Most used - Fabrication - Machines w/o computer Most used - Fabrication - Computer Most used - Fabrication - Robots Most used - Fabrication - Additive manufacturing Most used - Fabrication - Other Adv. Processes Most used - Land prep - Manual plowing (simple tools) Most used - Land prep - Animal Aided Most used - Land prep - Manually operated machines Most used - Land prep - Digitally operated tractors or equipment Most used - Irrig.- Rain-fed, no additional irrig. Most used - Irrig. - Manual irrig. Most used - Irrig. - Surface Flood Irrig. Most used - Irrig. - Small Pump Most used - Irrig. - Drip, localized, underground, Sprinkler, centre pivot Most used - Irrig. - Automated Most used - Weeding/pest control - Manual application Most used - Weeding/pest control - Mechanical application Most used - Weeding/pest control - Biological methods Most used - Weeding/pest control - Precision agriculture Most used - Weeding/pest control - Advanced precision agriculture Most used - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Manual Most used - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Animal Aided Most used - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Human-operated machines Most used - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Manually mechanised Most used - Harvesting, training, or pruning - Digitally automated Most used - Storage facility - Precarious Most used - Storage facility - Protected (w/o temp. control) Most used - Storage facility - Special Storage (temp. control) Most used - Storage facility - High-end central storage Most used - Storage facility - Cont. temp. monitoring Most used - Packing - Manual Most used - Packing - Human-operated mech. equip. Most used - Packing - Automated Most used - Packing - Modified atmosphere Most used - Breeding/genetic - Breed substitution Most used - Breeding/genetic - Inbreeding or Crossbreeding Most used - Breeding/genetic - Artificial insemination (AI) Most used - Breeding/genetic - Selective breeding Most used - Animal nutrition - Household waste or fibrous crop residues Most used - Animal nutrition - Natural grasslands and pastures Most used - Animal nutrition - Integrated crop-livestock systems Most used - Animal nutrition - Production of forage crops Most used - Animal nutrition - Production of supplementary feed Most used - Animal nutrition - Manu. or mixing of feed Most used - Animal nutrition - Prod. of genetically-modified feed Most used - Animal healthcare - Rapid diagnostic tests Most used - Animal healthcare - Pest sprays Most used - Animal healthcare - Vaccines Most used - Animal healthcare - DNA or RNA vaccine Most used - Animal healthcare - Disease med. Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Human Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Animal-aided Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Feedlots or grazing Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Automated cameras/video Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Unmanned aerial Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Analog tracking Most used - Herd mgt/monitoring - Digital tracking Most used - Transp. livestock - Manual Most used - Transp. livestock - Non-motorized vehicles Most used - Transp. livestock - Motorized vehicles Most used - Transp. livestock - Specialized/climate-controlled vehicles Most used - Input testing - Sensory Most used - Input testing - Review of supplier testing Most used - Input testing - Non-computer-controlled Most used - Input testing - Computer testing Most used - Food prep. - Manual Most used - Food prep. - Mech. equipment (human force) Most used - Food prep. - Power equipment (human interaction) Most used - Food prep. - Power equipment (computers or robotics, minimal int.) Most used - Anti-bacterial - Minimal-processing preservation Most used - Anti-bacterial - Anti-bacterial wash or soaking Most used - Anti-bacterial - Thermal Processing Most used - Anti-bacterial - Other adv. methods Most used - Food pkg. - Manual Most used - Food pkg. - Human-operated mech. equip. Most used - Food pkg. - Power equip. (human interaction) Most used - Food pkg. - Power equip. (comp./robotics, min. human int.) Most used - Food storage - Minimal protection (some exposure) Most used - Food storage - Ambient conditions (closed building) Most used - Food storage - Some climate control (secured building) Most used - Food storage - Automated climate (security-controlled building) Most used - Design drawing - Manual/hand-draw Most used - Design drawing - Digital/semi-digital design Most used - Design drawing - CAD Most used - Cutting - Manual cutting Most used - Cutting - Cutting machine (manually operated) Most used - Cutting - Semi-Automatic cutting machine Most used - Cutting - Automatic/Computerized cutting machine (no Laser) Most used - Cutting - Automatic/Computerized cutting machine (Laser) Most used - Sewing - Manually Most used - Sewing - Machine (manually operated) Most used - Sewing - Semi-automated machines Most used - Sewing - Automated machines Most used - Sewing - 3D Knitting Most used - Finishing/ironing - Basic manual ironing Most used - Finishing/ironing - Electric high-pressure steam iron Most used - Finishing/ironing - Tunnel finisher Most used - Finishing/ironing - Form finishing machine Most used - Finishing/ironing - High tech pressing machine Most used - Assembly/fabrication - Machines (controlled by operators) Most used - Assembly/fabrication - FMC or FMS Most used - Assembly/fabrication - Lasers (materials processing) Most used - Assembly/fabrication - CNC machinery Most used - Assembly/fabrication - Robots Most used - Assembly/fabrication - Additive manufacturing Most used - Body press/welding - Pressing of skin panels (operators) Most used - Body press/welding - Pressing of structural components (operators) Most used - Body press/welding - Welding of main body (operators) Most used - Body press/welding - Pressing of skin panels (automated) Most used - Body press/welding - Pressing of structural components (automated) Most used - Body press/welding - Welding of main body (automated) Most used - Painting - Water-based painting (operators) Most used - Painting - Solvent-based painting (operators) Most used - Painting - Water-based painting (automated) Most used - Painting - Solvent-based painting (automated) Most used - Plastic injection- Non-visible interior plastic (operators) Most used - Plastic injection - Plastic exterior body parts (operators) Most used - Plastic injection- Non-visible interior plastic (robotics) Most used - Plastic injection - Plastic exterior body parts (robotics) Most used - Productive asset mgt. - Breakdown maintenance Most used - Productive asset mgt. - Preventative/predictive maintenance Most used - Productive asset mgt. - Model Based Condition Monitoring Most used - Air filtration - Unfiltered air Most used - Air filtration - Basic Most used - Air filtration - HEPA Most used - Air filtration - Ultra HEPA, pressurization control Most used - Weighting - Beam Scales Most used - Weighting - Analog Scales Most used - Weighting - Electronic Scales Most used - Weighting - Automated Weighing Most used - Mixing/compounding - Manual Most used - Mixing/compounding - Planetary Mixers OR homogenizers Most used - Mixing/compounding - High Speed, High Shear Granulators Most used - Mixing/compounding - Fluid Bed Processors (not with syrups) Most used - Mixing/compounding - Fully Automated Compounding Most used - Compression/encapsulation - Manual Most used - Compression/encapsulation - Motorized Most used - Compression/encapsulation - Automated Most used - Compression/encapsulation - Integrated Most used - Quality control - Manual, titrimetric/chromatographic Most used - Quality control - Elec. chromatography Most used - Quality control - Elec. chromatography w data acquisition Most used - Packaging - Manual filling pills or syrups Most used - Packaging - Slat Counters, Cottoners, etc; machine filling Most used - Packaging - Automated, integrated packaging lines Most used - Cust. serv. - Store Most used - Cust. serv. - Phone or Help Desk Most used - Cust. serv. - Social Media Most used - Cust. serv. - Online requests Most used - Cust. serv. - Chatbots Most used - Pricing - Manual Cost Most used - Pricing - Automated markup Most used - Pricing - Automated promotional Most used - Pricing - Dynamic pricing systems Most used - Pricing - Personalized pricing (predictive analytics) Most used - Merchandising - Manually selection Most used - Merchandising - Category mgt. Most used - Merchandising - Retail Merch. Systems or Digital Merch. Most used - Merchandising - Product trend analytics Most used - Inventory - Handwritten record keeping Most used - Inventory - Computer databases (manual updates) Most used - Inventory - WMS (specialised software) Most used - Inventory - CAO, vendor-managed, and/or radio-frequency identificati Most used - Inventory - AS/RS Most used - Ad channels - Paper based communication Most used - Ad channels - Radio, Billboards, TV Most used - Ad channels - Email or mobile phone Most used - Ad channels - Social Media Most used - Ad channels - Search Engine Marketing Most used - Ad channels - Big data Analytics or AI Most used - Cust. serv. - Teller Most used - Cust. serv. - ATM machines Most used - Cust. serv. - On-line on company website Most used - Cust. serv. - Mobile app Most used - Verification id - Teller Most used - Verification id - online passwords Most used - Verification id - online passwords (combined) Most used - Verification id - Digital auth. Most used - Verification id - Biometrics Most used - Verification id - Blockchain Most used - Loan app - Loan officer (paper-based) Most used - Loan app - Mobile app + paper Most used - Loan app - Channel partners Most used - Credit approvals - Analyst (paper-based) Most used - Credit approvals - Analyst (digital info) Most used - Credit approvals - Automated Most used - Credit approvals - Algorithm (AI or Big-Data) Most used - Op. supp. - writing records Most used - Op. supp. - dig. accounting (PCs) Most used - Op. supp. - dig. network Most used - Transportation planning - handwritten info. Most used - Transportation planning - electronic file share Most used - Transportation planning - installed software Most used - Transportation planning - real time info. with ERP Most used - Loading - Manual process (fax, text, phone) Most used - Loading - Manual process (dig. platforms) Most used - Loading - web-based Most used - Loading - specific software interface via Internet Most used - Loading - file exchange (ERP integrated apps) Most used - Monitoring load/delivery - Event driven (fax, text, phone calls) Most used - Monitoring load/delivery - Event driven (digital) Most used - Monitoring load/delivery - Paper documentation Most used - Monitoring load/delivery - installed softwares Most used - Monitoring load/delivery - ERP integrated apps Most used - Transp. perf. - manually Most used - Transp. perf. - computer (non-specialized software) Most used - Transp. perf. - computer (specialised transp. reporting) Most used - Transp. perf. - installed software Most used - Transp. perf. - file exchange between ERP integrated Most used - Fleet management - manual Most used - Fleet management - electronic file Most used - Fleet management - ETM Most used - Fleet management - ERP and software Most used - Scheduling - Personal visit and paper Most used - Scheduling - Phone call, SMS, or Email Most used - Scheduling - Software or app (w/o automated reminders) Most used - Scheduling - Software or app (w automated reminders) Most used - Patient records - Handwritten process Most used - Patient records - Digital patient records Most used - Patient records - EHR Most used - Patient records - Cloud-based HER Most used - Design - Manual Most used - Design - Digital or semi-digital Most used - Design - CAD, 3D, or virtual Most used - Cutting - Manual Most used - Cutting - Machine manually-operated Most used - Cutting - Semi-automatic machine Most used - Cutting - Automatic/Computerised (no Laser) Most used - Sewing - Manually Most used - Sewing - Machine (manually) Most used - Sewing - Machine (semi-automated) Most used - Sewing - Machine (automated) Most used - Assembly/Finishing - manual Most used - Assembly/Finishing - conveyor/assembly (static/semi-automated) Most used - Assembly/Finishing - conveyor/assembly (dynamic/automated) Most used - Assembly/Finishing - injection machine Most used - Assembly/Finishing - 3D printing Region