Afrobarometer Survey 1 1999-2000_merged_12 Country DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v02_M DataFirst Development Data Group 2021-02-18 Metadata Editor DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/27/21) This version is identical to DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (February 2021). The study metadata has been adopted from same study published on DataFirst website. AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 1999-2000 Merged Round 1 Data (12 Countries) AFR-MR1 1999-00 Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Michigan State University (MSU) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) The African Development Bank Michigan State University The National Science Foundation, US The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Manager, DataFirst Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Version 01: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution Round 1 merged dataset, it comprises of survey datasets from 12 countries. conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The 12 country datasetis a combined dataset for the 12 African countries surveyed during round 1 of the survey, conducted between 1999-2000 (Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Mali, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), plus data from the old Southern African Democracy Barometer, and similar surveys done in West and East Africa. Botswana Ghana Lesotho Mali Malawi Namibia Nigeria Tanzania Uganda South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe The Round 1 Afrobarometer surveys have national coverage for the following countries: Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort. Sample survey data [ssd] Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics: • Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives. • Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance perfomance and social service delivery. • Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money? • Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management. • Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions? • Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence? • Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation. • National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist? Afrobarometer team Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: • using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Data weights For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size. Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found at https://afrobarometer.org/surveys-and-methods/sampling-principles Face-to-face [f2f] Because Afrobarometer Round 1 emerged out of several different survey research efforts, survey instruments were not standardized across all countries, there are a number of features of the questionnaires that should be noted, as follows: • In most cases, the data set only includes those questions/variables that were asked in nine or more countries. Complete Round 1 data sets for each individual country have already been released, and are available from ICPSR or from the Afrobarometer website at www.afrobarometer.org. • In the seven countries that originally formed the Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe - a standardized questionnaire was used, so question wording and response categories are the generally the same for all of these countries. The questionnaires in Mali and Tanzania were also essentially identical (in the original English version). Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria each had distinct questionnaires. • This merged dataset combines, into a single variable, responses from across these different countries where either identical or very similar questions were used, or where conceptually equivalent questions can be found in at least nine of the different countries. For each variable, the exact question text from each of the countries or groups of countries ("SAB" refers to the Southern Africa Barometer countries) is listed. • Response options also varied on some questions, and where applicable, these differences are also noted. Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Interviews are conducted in the following languages: Benin: French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh Botswana: English, Setswana Cape Verde: Creole, Portuguese Ghana: English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani Kenya: English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana Lesotho: English, Sesotho Madagascar: Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra Malawi: English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka Mali: Frenchm Bambara, Sonrhaï, Tamasheq, Peuhl Mozambique: Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe Namibia: English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo Nigeria: English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw Senegal: French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu Tanzania: Kiswahili Uganda: English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara Zambia: English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi Zimbabwe: English, Chishona, Sindebele Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis.Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics. Afrobarometer data are protected by copyright. Authors of any published work based on Afrobarometer data or papers are required to acknowledge the source, including, where applicable, citations to data sets posted on this website. Please acknowledge the copyright holders in all publications resulting from its use by means of bibliographic citation in this form: Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. merged_r1_data.sav 21531 144 .sav Afrobarometer round 1 survey merged data. The data covered 12 African countries. Reference number 21531 1 21531 Respondent number 21531 Country 21531 1 12 1 Botswana 1200 2 Ghana 2004 3 Lesotho 1177 4 Malawi 1208 5 Mali 2089 6 Namibia 1183 7 Nigeria 3603 8 South Africa 2200 9 Tanzania 2198 10 Uganda 2271 11 Zambia 1198 12 Zimbabwe 1200 Identity 21531 0 99 0 Don't know/can't explain 276 1 Language/Tribe/Ethnic 5146 2 Race 798 3 Region 235 4 Religion 3162 5 Occupation 5315 6 Class 2222 7 Gender 428 8 Individual/personal 325 9 Other 349 10 Won't differentiate 461 11 Pro-Movement 6 12 Traditional Leader 15 13 Party Affiliation 59 14 Age-related response 66 15 Continental 230 98 Refused to answer 56 99 Missing 2382 suppdemo/Support for democracy 21531 1 99 1 Democracy is preferable to any other form of government 15062 2 To people like me, it doesn't matter what form of government 2743 3 In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be pr 2368 4 Don't know 876 97 Not applicable 329 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing 149 prevsyst/Previous System 21531 0 99 0 0 4696 0.5 1 1 1 1456 2 2 1356 3 3 1219 3.5 1 4 4 1604 4.5 1 5 5 806 6 6 794 6.5 1 7 7 632 7.5 1 8 8 756 9 9 374 9.5 1 10 10 1480 96 Don't Know 32 98 Refused to Answer 55 99 Missing Data 6265 elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government 21531 0 99 0 0 969 1 1 415 2 2 524 3 3 693 4 4 1700 4.5 1 5 5 940 6 6 1494 7 7 1574 7.5 3 8 8 2195 9 9 1224 9.5 1 10 10 3563 96 Don't know 34 98 Refused to Answer 58 99 Missing Data 6143 futsyst/Future system 21531 0 99 0 0 1515 0.5 2 1 1 425 2 2 474 3 3 571 4 4 1153 4.5 1 5 5 662 6 6 904 7 7 968 8 8 1406 9 9 1438 10 10 5172 96 Don't know 168 98 Refused to Answer 165 99 Missing Data 6507 oneprule/One political party 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 9496 2 Disapprove/Disagree 5662 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 642 4 Approve/Agree 2411 5 Strongly approve/Agree 2415 6 Don't know 844 98 Refused 24 99 Missing data 37 tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 7322 2 Disapprove/Disagree 5033 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 888 4 Approve/Agree 2299 5 Strongly approve/Agree 1578 6 Don't know 741 98 Refused 13 99 Missing data 3657 milirule/Army come in 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 13337 2 Disapprove/Disagree 4481 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 577 4 Approve/Agree 1396 5 Strongly approve/Agree 993 6 Don't know 663 98 Refused 11 99 Missing data 73 presdeci/President could decide everything? 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 11441 2 Disapprove/Disagree 5765 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 674 4 Approve/Agree 1652 5 Strongly approve/agree 1224 6 Don't know 646 98 Refused 18 99 Missing data 111 exptrule/Government by experts 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 4216 2 Disapprove/Disagree 3669 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 1026 4 Approve/Agree 5517 5 Strongly approve/Agree 5575 6 Don't know 1461 98 Refused 11 99 Missing data 56 extndemo/Is this country a democracy? 21531 0 99 0 Not a democracy 1884 1 Major problems, but still a democracy 5284 2 Minor problems, but still a democracy 5808 3 Full democracy/completely democratic 4505 4 yes, this country is a democracy 1397 9 Don't know/Don't understand question 1428 97 Not applicable 1166 98 refused to answer 6 99 Missing data 53 satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy 21531 0 99 0 This country is not a democracy 436 1 Very dissatisfied 2647 2 Somewhat dissatisfied 3416 3 Neutral 262 4 Somewhat satisfied 8541 5 Very satisfied 4438 9 Don't know 1082 97 Not applicable 616 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing data 89 votematt/Not get any better if vote? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 3130 2 A, Somewhat 1627 3 B, Somewhat 3046 4 B, Strongly 8633 5 Do not agree with either 330 9 Don't know 425 98 Refused to answer 6 99 Missing data 4334 caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit 21531 1 99 1 Strongly agree 4212 2 Agree 4223 3 Neither agree nor disagree 961 4 Disagree 2130 5 Strongly disagree 1585 6 Don't know 498 98 Refused 5 99 Missing data 7917 donews/Shut newspapers 21531 0 99 0 Do nothing 6935 1 Do something 9887 6 This is not possible in this country 1 8 Support the government 1217 9 Don't Know 1021 98 Refused to answer 11 99 Missing data 2459 dojudges/Dismiss judges 21531 0 99 0 Do nothing 7097 1 Do something 9081 6 This is not possible in this country 0 8 Support the government 1748 9 Don't Know 1148 98 Refused to answer 9 99 Missing data 2448 doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament 21531 0 99 0 Do nothing 6788 1 Do something 9980 6 This is not possible in this country 1 8 Support the government 1131 9 Don't Know 1178 98 Refused to answer 12 99 Missing data 2441 markpric/Market pricing? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 8037 2 A, Somewhat 4034 3 B, Somewhat 2376 4 B, Strongly 5114 5 Do not agree with either 1467 9 Don't know 461 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 42 schlfees/School fees?/Health fees? 21531 1 99 1 Free : Agree strongly 4401 2 Free medicine better : Agree somewhat 2432 3 Improved: Agree somewhat 3515 4 Improved health better: Agree strongly 10155 5 Do not agree with either 751 9 Don't know 239 98 Refused 0 99 Missing data 38 csjobs/Civil servants jobs? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 8438 2 A, Somewhat 4306 3 B, Somewhat 2717 4 B, Strongly 4238 5 Do not agree with either 1076 9 Don't know 713 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Missing data 42 privatiz/Privatize government enterprises? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 8969 2 A, Somewhat 3538 3 B, Somewhat 2527 4 B, Strongly 5013 5 Do not agree with either 497 9 Don't know 918 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Missing data 68 knowsap/Heard about SAP? 21531 0 99 0 No 10421 1 Yes 7287 3 Don't Know 239 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 3584 helphurt/Minority have suffered? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2232 2 A, Somewhat 1460 3 B, Somewhat 1550 4 B, Strongly 6017 5 Do Not Agree with Either 309 9 Don't know 439 97 Not Applicable 3673 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 5851 satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/ A lot worse 2206 2 Unsatisfied/Worse 1754 3 Neutral/No effect 996 4 Satisfied/Better 1281 5 Very satisfied/ A lot better 388 9 Don't know 892 97 Not Applicable 10428 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Missing data 3583 Occupation 21531 0 99 0 1 650 1 2 4156 2 3 1294 3 4 770 4 5 153 5 6 675 6 7 93 7 8 24 8 9 258 9 10 472 10 11 416 11 12 83 12 13 1060 13 14 174 14 15 2420 15 16 1476 17 17 1 18 18 13 19 19 33 20 20 2 21 21 3 22 22 1 23 23 2 24 24 6 25 25 0 26 26 1 27 27 1 28 28 22 29 29 3 30 30 8 31 31 72 32 32 11 33 33 6 41 34 96 42 35 93 44 36 131 45 37 216 46 38 78 47 39 505 48 40 328 49 41 518 50 42 765 51 43 228 52 44 111 53 45 883 54 46 318 55 47 326 56 48 137 59 49 72 60 50 1396 61 51 199 95 52 101 98 53 8 99 54 663 Gender 21531 1 99 1 Male 10751 2 Female 10660 99 120 Age 21531 0 999 0 Don't know 54 15 5 16 1 17 4 18 686 19 717 20 864 21 568 22 672 23 637 24 656 25 919 26 617 27 710 28 711 29 589 30 950 31 448 32 619 33 418 34 459 35 725 36 480 37 396 38 493 39 426 40 740 41 314 42 440 43 270 44 243 45 486 46 241 47 273 48 278 49 238 50 474 51 147 52 232 53 136 54 165 55 217 56 159 57 140 58 135 59 145 60 282 61 90 62 111 63 123 64 103 65 159 66 91 67 108 68 92 69 66 70 142 71 50 72 55 73 48 74 36 75 47 76 31 77 24 78 31 79 30 80 48 81 13 82 16 83 7 84 6 85 9 86 7 87 8 88 2 89 4 90 8 91 2 92 3 93 3 94 1 97 4 98 2 99 1 100 1 101 Refused to answer 5 999 Missing Data 365 Education 21531 0 99 0 No formal schooling 4345 1 Primary only 6944 2 Secondary 7627 3 Post-secondary 2527 10 Don't know 22 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing data 62 Unemployed 21531 0 99 0 No 6689 1 Yes 5937 2 Don't know/Don't Remember 91 98 Refused to Answer 6 99 Missing data 8808 Urban or Rural 21531 1 99 1 Urban 9324 2 Rural 11836 9 Can't Determine 50 99 Missing data 321 radnews/Radio news 21531 0 99 0 Never 2817 1 Less than once a month 746 2 About once a month 417 3 About once a week/few times a month 1716 4 Several times a week/a few times a week 4356 5 Every day 11372 9 Don't know 50 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 57 tvnews/TV news 21531 0 99 0 Never 9966 1 Less than once a month 1032 2 About once a month 375 3 About once a week/few times a month 1162 4 Several times a week/a few times a week 2054 5 Every day 4663 9 Don't know 176 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 2103 newspap/Newspapers 21531 0 99 0 Never 10865 1 Less than once a month 1752 2 About once a month 748 3 About once a week/few times a month 2314 4 Several times a week/a few times a week 2778 5 Every day 2817 9 Don't know 185 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 72 wofood/Without food 21531 0 99 0 never 9386 1 occasionally//sometimes/rarely 6803 2 frequently/often 2860 3 always 119 5 Don't know 34 99 missing data 2329 wowater/Without Water 21531 0 99 0 never 9932 1 occasionally//sometimes/rarely 5560 2 frequently/often 3203 3 always 505 5 Don't know 35 99 missing data 2296 wohealth/Without healthcare 21531 0 99 0 never 9042 1 occasionally//sometimes/rarely 6651 2 frequently/often 3113 3 always 332 5 Don't know 43 99 missing data 2350 woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home? 21531 0 99 0 Never 3569 1 Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely 1878 2 Frequently/Often 1935 3 Always/Not Applicable (No Electricity) 5911 5 Don't know 202 98 Refused 0 99 Missing Data 8036 wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income? 21531 0 99 0 Never 2922 1 Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely 5457 2 Frequently/Often 4695 3 Always 508 5 Don't know 35 98 Refused 0 99 Missing 7914 tired/Routine affected by tired 21531 0 99 0 Not at all/Never 3301 1 A little/Sometimes 5922 2 A lot/Often 4959 3 Rarely 1660 5 Don't know 32 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 5657 knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS? 21531 1 99 1 Yes 5326 2 No 7594 3 Will not say 260 4 Don't know 422 98 Refused 3 99 Missing 7926 meandemo/Meaning of democracy 21531 0 101 0 Don't know,etc. (incl. missing, no further answer) 4373 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 6086 2 Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition 1625 3 Social/economic development 587 4 Govt by the people/of the people/for the people 3340 5 Peace/unity 1218 6 Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency 386 7 Equality/justice 890 8 Rule of law 53 9 Personal security 26 10 National independence 152 11 Majority rule 416 12 Group rights/freedoms 29 13 Power-sharing/unity of govt 44 14 Govt. to provide civic education 17 15 Movement/Musevini 14 19 Other positive meanings 441 20 Conflict/confusion 39 21 Corruption/abuse of power 23 22 Social/economic hardship 31 23 govt of the rich 3 24 Bad/poor govt/weak implementation 5 25 colonialism,foreign concept/domination 15 29 Other negative meanings 141 30 Mutual Respect 86 31 People Self-determination 45 32 Work Together 54 33 Mutual Understanding 0 80 Nothing/democracy is meaningless 307 91 Civilian politics/govt 699 92 Change of govt/leadership/laws 62 95 Other null/neutral meanings 169 98 Refused/won't explain 44 101 Other 111 meandem2/Meaning of democracy 21531 0 101 0 Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer) 17577 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 1507 2 Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition 527 3 Social/economic development 217 4 Govt by the people/of the people/for the people 279 5 Peace/unity 246 6 Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency 94 7 Equality/justice 425 8 Rule of law 30 9 Personal security 19 10 National independence 42 11 Majority rule 79 12 Group rights/freedoms 10 13 Power-sharing/unity of govt 19 14 Govt. to provide civic education 5 15 Movement/Musevini 1 19 Other positive meanings 141 20 Conflict/confusion 1 21 Corruption/abuse of power 6 22 Social/economic hardship 4 23 govt of the rich 1 24 Bad/poor govt/weak implementation 3 25 colonialism,foreign concept/domination 5 29 Other negative meanings 43 30 Mutual Respect 55 31 People Self-determination 18 32 Work Together 35 33 Mutual Understanding 0 80 Nothing/Democracy is meaningless 10 91 Civilian politics/govt 9 92 Change of govt/leadership/laws 10 95 Other null/neutral meanings 19 98 Refused/won't explain 19 101 Other 75 meandem3/Meaning of democracy 21531 0 101 0 Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer) 20341 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 400 2 Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition 134 3 Social/economic development 81 4 Govt by the people/of the people/for the people 55 5 Peace/unity 61 6 Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency 25 7 Equality/justice 170 8 Rule of law 13 9 Personal security 10 10 National independence 25 11 Majority rule 15 12 Group rights/freedoms 7 13 Power-sharing/unity of govt 5 14 Govt. to provide civic education 0 15 Movement/Musevini 1 19 Other positive meanings 70 20 Conflict/confusion 2 21 Corruption/abuse of power 2 22 Social/economic hardship 1 23 govt of the rich 0 24 Bad/poor govt/weak implementation 0 25 colonialism,foreign concept/domination 1 29 Other negative meanings 7 30 Mutual Respect 16 31 People Self-determination 3 32 Work Together 10 33 Mutual Understanding 0 80 Nothing/democracy is meaningless 10 91 Civilian politics/govt 0 92 Change of govt/leadership/laws 3 95 Other null/neutral meanings 2 98 Refused/won't explain 18 101 Other 43 meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 7879 2 Important 5454 3 Not very important 1844 4 Not important at all 1062 9 Don't know 978 98 Refused 1 99 Missing data 4313 meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 7365 2 Important 5656 3 Not very important 2243 4 Not important at all 1122 9 Don't know 822 98 Refused 2 99 Missing data 4321 meanelec/democratic society and regular elections? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 7195 2 Important 5588 3 Not very important 2355 4 Not important at all 1231 9 Don't know 834 98 Refused 2 99 Missing data 4326 meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 7017 2 Important 5690 3 Not very important 2239 4 Not important at all 1282 9 Don't know 970 98 Refused 2 99 Missing data 4331 meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 11161 2 Important 4333 3 Not very important 769 4 Not important at all 316 9 Don't know 623 98 Refused 1 99 Missing data 4328 meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 10734 2 Important 4396 3 Not very important 1094 4 Not important at all 374 9 Don't know 601 98 Refused 2 99 Missing data 4330 meaneduc/democratic society and equal education? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 11047 2 Important 4502 3 Not very important 756 4 Not important at all 276 9 Don't know 612 98 Refused 1 99 Missing data 4337 meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 7578 2 Important 4885 3 Not very important 2509 4 Not important at all 1251 9 Don't know 969 98 Refused 1 99 Missing data 4338 respwell/Responsible for well being? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 7382 2 A, Somewhat 3323 3 B, Somewhat 2640 4 B, Strongly 7519 5 Do not agree with either 379 9 Don't know 227 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Missing data 60 respjob/Responsible providing employment? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 7954 2 A, Somewhat 3435 3 B, Somewhat 2268 4 B, Strongly 7288 5 Do not agree with either 317 9 Don't know 232 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 37 freeearn/Free to earn? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 9477 2 A, Somewhat 4132 3 B, Somewhat 2381 4 B, Strongly 4338 5 Do not agree with either 658 9 Don't know 509 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 36 startbus/Start new business? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 1432 2 A, Somewhat 1209 3 B, Somewhat 3058 4 B, Strongly 8467 5 Do not agree with either 328 9 Don't know 428 99 6609 resphous/Building house 21531 1 99 1 Government 4888 2 Private Companies 493 3 Individuals 9346 4 Combination 4350 8 Don't Know 119 98 Refused to answer 7 99 Missing Data 2328 respcrdt/Agricultural credit 21531 1 99 1 Government 13218 2 Private Companies 632 3 Individuals 522 4 Combination 4498 8 Don't Know 310 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing Data 2351 respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity 21531 1 99 1 Government 9913 2 Private Companies 1360 3 Individuals 1660 4 Combination 5641 8 Don't Know 606 98 Refused to answer 2 99 Missing Data 2349 respscho/Providing school/clinics 21531 1 99 1 Government 12656 2 Private Companies 160 3 Individuals 509 4 Combination 5794 8 Don't Know 82 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing Data 2330 respjobs/Creating jobs 21531 1 99 1 Government 11449 2 Private Companies 361 3 Individuals 597 4 Combination 6683 8 Don't Know 113 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing Data 2328 respcrim/Reducing crime 21531 1 99 1 Government 11594 2 Private Companies 99 3 Individuals 778 4 Combination 6520 8 Don't Know 107 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing Data 2433 trustgen/Trust generally 21531 1 99 1 Most people can be trusted 3281 2 You must be very careful 15661 9 Don't know 517 98 Refused to answer 2 99 Missing data 2070 intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs 21531 1 99 1 Very interested/Always/most of the time 5177 2 Somewhat interested/Some of the time 7675 3 Now and then 2037 4 Not interested/Hardly 6207 5 Don't know 361 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Missing data 71 dscspols/Discuss politics 21531 0 99 0 never 7778 1 sometimes 9133 2 Often 4328 9 Don't know 209 98 Refused 1 99 Missing data 82 undergov/Understand government? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly/Strongly agree 7074 2 A, Somewhat/Agree 6496 3 B, Somewhat/Disagree 3227 4 B, Strongly/Strongly Disagree 3073 5 Do not agree with either/Neither agree nor disagree 1109 9 Don't know 495 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing data 53 nmcllr/Name local government representative 21531 0 99 0 Incorrect 955 1 Correct 6432 5 Could not determine 450 9 Don't know 8990 97 Not Applicable 1279 98 Refused to answer 39 99 Missing data 3386 nmmp/Name Legislative representative 21531 0 99 0 Incorrect 814 1 Correct 5185 5 Could not determine 237 9 Don't know 12390 98 Refused to answer 14 99 Missing data 2891 nmminfin/Name Finance Minister 21531 0 99 0 Incorrect 1007 1 Correct 4395 5 Could not determine 371 9 Don't know 13254 98 Refused to answer 13 99 Missing data 2491 nmvpres/Name Vice-President 21531 0 99 0 Incorrect 788 1 Correct 10795 5 Could not determine 127 9 Don't know 6908 98 Refused to answer 13 99 Missing data 2900 citproud/Proud of country citizenship 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 204 2 Disagree 249 3 Neither agree nor disagree 371 4 Agree 4303 5 Strongly agree 11954 9 Don't know 102 98 Refused 11 99 Missing data 4337 citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 162 2 Disagree 197 3 Neither agree nor disagree 297 4 Agree 3482 5 Strongly agree 8568 9 Don't know 92 98 Refused 10 99 Missing data 8723 ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 751 2 Disagree 384 3 Neither agree nor disagree 309 4 Agree 4179 5 Strongly agree 11355 9 Don't know 129 98 Refused 12 99 Missing data 4412 idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 810 2 Disagree 655 3 Neither agree nor disagree 502 4 Agree 3133 5 Strongly agree 7533 9 Don't know 184 98 Refused 13 99 Missing data 8701 idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 998 2 Disagree 1682 3 Neither agree nor disagree 1606 4 Agree 3065 5 Strongly agree 5012 9 Don't know 400 98 Refused 13 99 Missing data 8755 ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 788 2 Disagree 1403 3 Neither agree nor disagree 1107 4 Agree 3721 5 Strongly agree 5471 9 Don't know 275 98 Refused 13 99 Missing data 8753 adeqliv/Adequate living standard 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2713 2 Worse/somewhat worse 3031 3 About the same/no change 3899 4 Better/somewhat better 5813 5 Much better 2793 6 Don't know 888 98 Refused 17 99 Missing data 2377 handjobs/Handling jobs 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 6705 2 Quite badly/Not very well 5787 3 Fairly well 6239 4 Very well 1731 9 Don't know 1031 98 Refused to answer 6 99 Missing Data 32 handpric/Handling prices 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 6783 2 Quite badly/Not very well 6068 3 Fairly well 5939 4 Very well 1712 9 Don't know 983 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Missing Data 43 handgap/Handling gaps 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 4360 2 Quite badly/Not very well 4530 3 Fairly well 3568 4 Very well 844 9 Don't know 1044 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing Data 7185 econcond/Satisfied national economy 21531 1 99 1 Not at all satisfied/Very dissatisfied 6591 2 Not very satisfied/Dissatisfied 6838 3 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 848 4 Fairly satisfied/Satisfied 5558 5 Very satisfied 1239 6 Don't know 362 99 Missing data 95 satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic) 21531 1 99 1 much less satisfied 4118 2 slightly less satisfied 4928 3 about the same 4379 4 slightly more satisfied 5817 5 much more satisfied 1730 9 Don't know 454 98 Refused 0 99 Missing Data 105 satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year 21531 1 99 1 much less satisfied/much worse 3082 2 slightly less satisfied/Worse 2388 3 about the same 3588 4 slightly more satisfied/Better 5010 5 Much more satified/Much better 4177 9 Don't know 3181 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Missing Data 104 livecond/Conditions better/worse 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2833 2 Worse 4505 3 About the same 6069 4 Better 4731 5 Much better 820 9 Don't know 462 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Missing Data 2108 ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2122 2 Worse 3046 3 About the same 6545 4 Better 3666 5 Much better 1170 9 Don't know 524 98 Refused 9 99 Missing data 4449 freesay/Free to say 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 630 2 Worse/somewhat worse 959 3 About the same/no change 1700 4 Better/somewhat better 7989 5 Much better 7106 6 Don't know 784 98 Refused 15 99 Missing data 2348 freejoin/Join any organization 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 262 2 Worse/somewhat worse 581 3 About the same/no change 1850 4 Better/somewhat better 7965 5 Much better 7672 6 Don't know 834 98 Refused 16 99 Missing data 2351 freechse/Free to choose 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 359 2 Worse/somewhat worse 652 3 About the same/no change 1732 4 Better/somewhat better 7449 5 Much better 8196 6 Don't know 772 98 Refused 18 99 Missing data 2353 equaltrt/Treated equally 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 1692 2 Worse/somewhat worse 2341 3 About the same/no change 4050 4 Better/somewhat better 6256 5 Much better 3758 6 Don't know 1047 98 Refused 19 99 Missing data 2368 elhonest/Elections honest 21531 1 99 1 Very dishonestly/Not free & fair 2059 2 Somewhat dishonestly/Free & fair with major problems 2523 3 Quite honestly/Free & fair with minor problems 6534 4 Very honestly/Completely free & fair 8163 9 Don't know 2161 98 Refused to answer 9 99 Missing data 82 citequal/All treated as equal citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 407 2 Disagree 353 3 Neither agree nor disagree 478 4 Agree 3758 5 Strongly agree 7714 9 Don't know 188 98 Refused 10 99 Missing data 8623 idenfair/Identity treated fairly 21531 1 99 1 Always 1668 2 To a large extent 2522 3 To some extent 5701 4 Hardly at all 3256 5 Never 5068 9 Don't know 1097 98 Refused to answer 14 99 Missing Data 2205 allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group? 21531 1 99 1 One group only 2752 2 Just a few groups 536 3 All citizens 8932 9 Don't know 666 98 Refused 5 99 Missing data 8640 whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.? 21531 1 999 1 1 20 2 2 49 3 3 52 4 4 2 5 5 4 6 6 5 7 7 1 8 8 0 9 9 3 10 10 0 11 11 2 12 12 0 13 13 0 14 14 0 15 15 11 16 16 0 17 17 1 18 18 53 19 19 0 20 20 0 21 21 0 22 22 15 23 23 3 24 24 0 25 25 88 26 26 243 27 27 2 28 28 2 29 29 2 30 30 22 31 31 1 32 32 2 33 33 12 34 34 45 35 35 9 36 36 18 37 37 0 38 38 4 39 39 11 40 40 0 41 41 0 42 42 22 43 43 0 44 44 0 45 45 3 46 46 1 47 47 5 48 48 1 49 49 19 50 50 1 51 51 154 52 52 1 53 53 1 54 54 21 55 55 1 56 56 0 57 57 2 58 58 1 59 59 0 60 60 2 61 61 7 62 62 135 63 63 30 64 64 47 65 65 165 66 66 10 67 67 14 69 68 88 70 69 74 71 70 8 72 71 97 73 72 34 74 73 13 75 74 2 76 75 2 77 76 2 78 77 1 79 78 12 80 79 2 81 80 3 82 81 108 83 82 54 84 83 160 85 84 69 86 85 3 87 86 56 88 87 1 89 88 8 90 89 12 91 90 6 92 91 41 93 92 32 94 93 8 95 94 44 96 95 25 100 96 3 101 97 6 102 98 75 103 99 14 104 100 7 105 101 5 106 102 3 107 103 2 108 104 62 109 105 2 110 106 31 111 107 1 112 108 2 113 109 9 114 110 6 115 111 1 116 112 1 117 113 2 118 114 3 119 115 1 120 116 1 121 117 3 122 118 1 123 119 1 124 120 0 125 121 1 126 122 1 127 123 75 151 124 220 152 125 8 153 126 11 154 127 47 155 128 5 156 129 10 157 130 120 158 131 79 159 132 6 160 133 3 161 134 1 162 135 5 163 136 1 164 137 1 165 138 23 166 139 0 167 140 3 168 141 15 169 142 7 170 143 2 171 144 3 172 145 0 173 146 10 174 147 4 175 148 0 176 149 1 177 150 0 178 151 0 179 152 1 180 153 0 181 154 0 182 155 3 183 156 1 184 157 0 185 158 0 186 159 4 187 160 1 188 161 0 189 162 3 190 163 0 191 164 1 192 165 2 193 166 0 194 167 1 195 168 1 196 169 0 197 170 74 997 171 2895 998 172 47 999 173 15303 handcrim/Handling crime 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 5752 2 Quite badly/Not very well 4371 3 Fairly well 7595 4 Very well 3282 9 Don't know 481 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing Data 46 safepast/Safety five years ago 21531 1 99 1 Much less safe/Much worse 3750 2 Somewhat less safe/Worse 3715 3 About the same 3222 4 Somewhat more safe/Better 4826 5 Much more safe/Much better 2916 6 Don't know 703 98 Refused to anser 18 99 Missing data 2381 handcorr/Handling corruption 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 3783 2 Quite badly/Not very well 2912 3 Fairly well 4616 4 Very well 2078 9 Don't know 958 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing Data 7184 corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption? 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree/Almost all 6112 2 Disagree/most/a lot 5821 3 Agree/a few/some 5188 4 Strongly agree/Almost none 2093 5 Haven't heard enough 0 9 Don't know 2237 98 Refused to answer 11 99 Missing data 69 correlec/corruption among elected leaders 21531 1 99 1 Very common/Almost all 2720 2 Fairly common/Most/ a lot 4064 3 Fairly rare/A few/some 4424 4 Very rare/Almost none 1841 9 Don't know 2781 98 Refused 13 99 Missing data 5688 corrserv/corruption among civil servants 21531 1 99 1 Very common/Almost all 3190 2 Fairly common/Most/ a lot 4939 3 Fairly rare/A few/some 4145 4 Very rare/Almost none 1327 9 Don't know 2245 98 Refused 11 99 Missing data 5674 corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov. 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree/Much more 3651 2 Disagree/More 3882 3 Agree/Less 4191 4 Strongly agree/Much less 3996 5 About the same 1674 9 Don't know 1712 98 Refused to answer 13 99 Missing data 2412 trpres/Trust the president to do what is right? 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2264 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3773 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 5308 4 I trust them a lot/Always 4942 9 Don't know 933 98 Refused to answer 16 99 Missing data 4295 trpolice/Trust police 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 5918 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 5243 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 5957 4 I trust them a lot/Always 3772 9 Don't know 598 98 Refused to answer 5 99 Missing data 38 trcourts/Trust courts of law 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 3572 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 4853 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 7179 4 I trust them a lot/Always 4486 9 Don't know 1371 98 Refused to answer 5 99 Missing data 65 trarmy/Trust army 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 3323 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3425 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 5319 4 I trust them a lot/Always 6157 9 Don't know 1005 98 Refused to answer 7 99 Missing data 2295 trelcco/Trust electoral commission 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 3019 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3317 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 6737 4 I trust them a lot/Always 5525 9 Don't know 2856 98 Refused to answer 6 99 Missing data 71 trbroad/Trust national broadcasting 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 1306 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 2164 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4885 4 I trust them a lot/Always 6040 9 don't know 1214 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Missing data 5919 presperf/Performance of President 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove 1909 2 Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove 2208 3 Somewhat satisfied/Approve 5297 4 Very satisfied/Strongly approve 5297 9 Don't know 1144 98 Refused to answer 24 99 Missing data 5652 mpperf/Legislative representative performance 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove 3802 2 Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove 4482 3 Somewhat satisfied/Approve 7704 4 Very satisfied/Strongly approve 3051 9 Don't know 2397 98 Refused to answer 11 99 Missing data 84 cllrperf/Local government representative performance 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove 2909 2 Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove 3863 3 Somewhat satisfied/Approve 7333 4 Very satisfied/Strongly approve 3494 6 Not Applicable for my area 614 9 Don't know 2003 98 Refused to answer 7 99 Missing data 1308 handeduc/Handling education 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 3735 2 Quite badly/Not very well 4427 3 Fairly well 8627 4 Very well 4127 9 Don't know 552 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing Data 59 handheal/Handling basic health 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 4290 2 Quite badly/Not very well 4870 3 Fairly well 8562 4 Very well 3334 9 Don't know 412 98 Refused to answer 4 99 Missing Data 59 handaids/Handling AIDS 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 1321 2 Fairly badly/Not very well 1379 3 Fairly well 3408 4 Very well 1972 9 Don't know 661 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 12790 probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed) 21531 0 99 0 nothing/no problems 122 1 AIDS 333 2 agriculture/farming/livestock 589 3 communications 3 4 corruption 207 5 crime and security 1095 6 democracy/political rights 75 7 development 107 8 discrimination/inequality 114 9 economy (national) 1261 10 education 1187 11 electricity 101 12 environment/drought 117 13 food/famine 936 14 gender/women's rights 28 15 governance 141 16 health 1157 17 housing 186 18 infrastructure/roads 567 19 job creation/unemployment 2920 20 labour 17 21 land 34 22 loans/credit 313 23 marketing 109 24 political violence/civil war (internal) 199 25 political violence/war (international) 106 26 political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism 275 27 poverty/destitution 1145 28 rates and taxes 160 29 services (general) 181 30 sanitation/sewerage 20 31 traditional/moral values 50 32 transportation 206 33 violence 42 34 wages 208 35 water 615 36 social welfare 126 40 other economic problems 22 41 other social problems 82 42 other political problems 39 43 other 215 96 don't know 269 98 refused 2 99 missing/no further answer 5850 probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed) 21531 0 99 0 nothing/no problems 68 1 AIDS 278 2 agriculture/farming/livestock 463 3 communications 15 4 corruption 243 5 crime and security 891 6 democracy/political rights 48 7 development 101 8 discrimination/inequality 76 9 economy (national) 792 10 education 1197 11 electricity 156 12 environment/drought 87 13 food/famine 543 14 gender/women's rights 27 15 governance 102 16 health 1427 17 housing 288 18 infrastructure/roads 543 19 job creation/unemployment 1580 20 labour 20 21 land 39 22 loans/credit 237 23 marketing 106 24 political violence/civil war (internal) 88 25 political violence/war (international) 50 26 political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism 108 27 poverty/destitution 685 28 rates and taxes 126 29 services (general) 389 30 sanitation/sewerage 34 31 traditional/moral values 57 32 transportation 171 33 violence 19 34 wages 171 35 water 596 36 social welfare 120 40 other economic problems 37 41 other social problems 104 42 other political problems 21 43 other 200 96 don't know 48 98 refused 2 99 missing/no further answer 9178 convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 1377 2 Disagree 1896 3 Neither agree nor disagree 1167 4 Agree 5888 5 Strongly agree 3642 9 Don't know 1874 98 Refused 6 99 Missing data 5681 abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 3749 2 Disagree 3766 3 Neither agree nor disagree 1065 4 Agree 3812 5 Strongly agree 2495 9 Don't know 930 98 Refused 7 99 Missing data 5707 memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association? 21531 0 99 0 No, not a member/Never attend 6937 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 14548 9 Don't know 22 99 Missing data 24 memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association 21531 0 99 0 No, not a member/Never attend 14489 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 4927 9 Don't know 49 99 Missing data 2066 membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation 21531 0 99 0 No, not a member/Never attend 16084 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 3305 9 Don't know 54 99 Missing data 2088 memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union 21531 0 99 0 No, not a member/Never attend 15727 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 3531 9 Don't know 160 99 Missing data 2113 clseprty/Close to party 21531 1 99 1 Yes 11567 2 No 9734 3 Don't know 77 98 Refused to answer 103 99 Missing data 50 winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition? 21531 0 99 0 Loser 3392 1 Neutral/no party 9793 2 Winner 7800 8 Refused 425 9 Don't know 65 99 Missing data 56 votelast/Voted last elections 21531 0 99 0 I did not vote 2813 1 I decided not to vote 1118 2 Unable to vote 1584 3 I voted 15533 4 No election in my area 161 5 Can't remember 200 98 Refused 2 99 Missing data 120 parcomm/Attend community meeting 21531 0 99 0 Never 10792 1 Only once 1713 2 Sometimes 4929 3 Often 3965 9 Don't know 57 98 Refused to Answer 0 99 Missing data 75 parissue/Raise an issue 21531 0 99 0 Never 7297 1 Only once/Once or twice 1595 2 Sometimes/A few times 4219 3 Often 2716 4 Would do if I had the chance 3268 9 Don't know 117 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 2319 parrally/Attend election rally 21531 0 99 0 Never 9868 1 Only once/Once or twice 2238 2 Sometimes/A few times 3916 3 Often 2912 4 Would do if I had the chance 2404 9 Don't know 132 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Missing data 60 parcand/Work for candidate 21531 0 99 0 Never 14063 1 Only once/Once or twice 911 2 Sometimes/A few times 1577 3 Often 1224 4 Would do if I had the chance 3520 9 Don't know 178 98 Refused to answer 2 99 Missing data 56 parnews/Write newspaper 21531 0 99 0 Never 13721 1 Only once/Once or twice 458 2 Sometimes/A few times 440 3 Often 180 4 Would do if I had the chance 4157 9 Don't know 249 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Missing data 2323 pardemo/Attend demonstration 21531 0 99 0 Never 14475 1 Only once/Once or twice 878 2 Sometimes/A few times 913 3 Often 426 4 Would do if I had the chance 2393 9 Don't know 142 98 Refused to answer 2 99 Missing data 2302 conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official 21531 0 99 0 never 18534 1 only once/twice 1092 2 sometimes/a few times 1233 3 often/frequently 570 5 Don't know 34 98 Refused to answer 2 99 Missing data 66 coninflu/Contact influential person 21531 0 99 0 never 15330 1 only once/twice 1545 2 sometimes/a few times 3036 3 often/frequently 1532 5 Don't know 30 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Missing data 58 Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best 21531 1 99 1 Strongly Agree 3119 2 Agree 1896 3 Disagree/Democracy always best: Agree 4453 4 Strongly Disagree/Democracy always best: Strongly agree 10991 6 Do not agree with either 260 9 Don't know 733 98 Refused 11 99 Missing data 68 Within country weight 21531 0.0427 2.264 Country weight 21531 0.333055786844296 1.01954120645709 0.333055786844296 3603 0.528401585204756 2271 0.545454545454545 2200 0.545951 2198 0.574437529918621 2089 0.598802395209581 2004 0.993377483443709 1208 1 3598 1.01437024513948 1183 1.01954120645709 1177 Country weight x within country weight 21531 0.0232909090909091 1.23490909090909 Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size) 21531 0.098322318 2.551780272 0.098322318 1200 0.106635156 1183 0.133027743 1177 0.38754536 2089 0.610958807 1198 0.662812579 1208 0.701693944 2004 0.701864658 2271 0.735871438 1200 1.189311501 2198 1.420361173 2200 2.551780272 3603 Africa weight x Within country weight 21531 0.0313626481918833 3.215697695672 Respondent's race? 21531 1 99 1 Black/African 20490 2 White/European 445 3 Coloured 280 4 Indian 108 5 Chinese/Japanese/Asian 0 6 Could not tell 2 99 Missing data 206 What is your home language? 21531 1 999 1 1 513 2 2 856 3 3 3 4 4 46 5 5 86 6 6 383 7 7 9 8 8 77 9 9 206 10 10 569 11 11 93 12 12 1 13 13 54 14 14 1352 15 15 1371 16 16 176 17 17 55 18 18 939 19 19 0 20 20 39 21 21 41 22 22 375 23 23 495 24 24 187 26 25 383 27 26 28 29 27 38 30 28 266 31 29 155 32 30 12 33 31 17 34 32 114 35 33 62 37 34 2 38 35 10 41 36 1196 42 37 28 43 38 48 44 39 234 45 40 117 46 41 40 47 42 45 48 43 14 50 44 28 51 45 16 52 46 13 53 47 10 54 48 23 55 49 3 56 50 11 57 51 8 58 52 20 59 53 1 60 54 2 61 55 1 62 56 14 63 57 1 64 58 12 65 59 1 66 60 15 67 61 2 68 62 17 69 63 10 70 64 3 71 65 1 72 66 2 73 67 2 74 68 17 75 69 1 76 70 3 77 71 1 78 72 1 80 73 18 81 74 1 82 75 9 83 76 2 84 77 1011 85 78 160 86 79 75 87 80 125 88 81 91 89 82 164 90 83 127 91 84 125 92 85 63 93 86 25 94 87 15 95 88 8 96 89 9 98 90 6 99 91 1 100 92 73 101 93 7 102 94 4 103 95 1136 104 96 919 105 97 601 106 98 81 107 99 53 108 100 15 109 101 122 110 102 79 111 103 128 113 104 64 114 105 14 115 106 3 116 107 5 117 108 2 118 109 10 119 110 1 120 111 10 121 112 1 122 113 27 123 114 4 124 115 19 125 116 1 126 117 5 127 118 6 128 119 2 129 120 1 130 121 5 131 122 1 132 123 1 133 124 1 134 125 1 135 126 5 136 127 2 137 128 1 138 129 1 139 130 66 140 131 2 141 132 4 142 133 2 143 134 1 145 135 1 146 136 27 147 137 1 148 138 3 149 139 1 150 140 4 151 141 2 152 142 1 153 143 2 154 144 2 155 145 2 156 146 1 157 147 6 158 148 4 159 149 1 160 150 1 161 151 3 162 152 22 163 153 7 164 154 1 165 155 1 166 156 1 167 157 1 168 158 1 169 159 2 170 160 1 171 161 1 172 162 1 173 163 2 174 164 3 175 165 1 176 166 2 177 167 1 178 168 9 179 169 1 180 170 1 181 171 2 182 172 1 183 173 1 184 174 8 185 175 1 186 176 1 187 177 29 188 178 1 189 179 26 190 180 108 191 181 5 192 182 23 193 183 8 194 184 576 195 185 66 196 186 117 197 187 292 198 188 225 199 189 9 200 190 16 201 191 146 202 192 78 203 193 271 204 194 67 205 195 35 206 196 1017 207 197 44 208 198 33 209 199 70 210 200 44 211 201 82 212 202 207 213 203 29 214 204 31 215 205 12 216 206 16 217 207 33 218 208 32 219 209 39 220 210 52 221 211 27 222 212 2 995 213 931 998 214 1 999 215 101 actual party affiliation 21531 0 999 0 1 9793 1 2 46 2 3 9 3 4 75 4 5 3 5 6 6 6 7 4 7 8 616 8 9 10 9 10 5 13 11 6 14 12 63 15 13 8 16 14 2 18 15 5 19 16 9 20 17 4 21 18 1 22 19 23 23 20 2 24 21 1 25 22 1 26 23 8 27 24 348 29 25 537 30 26 2 32 27 1 33 28 6 34 29 268 35 30 55 36 31 1 37 32 2 38 33 6 40 34 368 41 35 1 44 36 37 45 37 16 46 38 2 49 39 4 50 40 2 51 41 87 52 42 293 53 43 557 54 44 1 57 45 5 59 46 1 60 47 12 61 48 690 62 49 1 65 50 62 66 51 1 67 52 6 68 53 39 70 54 52 71 55 23 72 56 3 73 57 12 80 58 132 81 59 54 82 60 4 83 61 2 84 62 405 85 63 2 86 64 1 87 65 1 88 66 2 89 67 1 90 68 766 91 69 506 92 70 25 93 71 3 94 72 29 100 73 848 101 74 13 102 75 6 103 76 37 104 77 8 105 78 77 106 79 8 107 80 13 108 81 34 109 82 30 110 83 50 111 84 1 112 85 5 113 86 1 114 87 10 115 88 16 116 89 1 117 90 6 118 91 2 119 92 6 120 93 852 121 94 264 122 95 209 130 96 23 131 97 177 132 98 114 133 99 1369 134 100 41 135 101 16 140 102 4 141 103 45 142 104 1 143 105 2 144 106 36 145 107 10 146 108 444 990 109 65 995 110 72 998 111 425 999 112 56 District 21531 1 999 1 1 48 2 2 48 3 3 56 4 4 135 5 5 55 6 6 153 7 7 96 8 8 56 9 9 160 10 10 113 11 11 103 12 12 87 13 13 73 14 14 72 15 15 173 16 16 153 17 17 134 18 18 80 19 19 144 20 20 70 21 21 65 22 22 148 23 23 161 24 24 95 25 25 189 26 26 165 27 27 67 28 28 150 29 29 144 30 30 124 31 31 95 32 32 66 33 33 0 34 34 0 35 35 0 36 36 166 37 37 32 38 38 89 39 39 16 40 40 36 41 41 56 42 42 207 43 43 554 44 44 42 45 45 24 46 46 97 47 47 32 48 48 73 49 49 271 50 50 32 51 51 48 52 52 84 53 53 101 54 54 46 55 55 193 56 56 47 57 57 40 58 58 88 59 59 32 60 60 77 61 61 170 62 62 137 63 63 315 64 64 113 65 65 148 66 66 81 67 67 32 68 68 63 69 69 35 70 70 317 71 71 214 72 72 139 73 73 212 74 74 345 75 75 236 76 76 224 77 77 234 78 78 62 79 79 21 80 80 226 81 81 90 82 82 263 83 83 112 84 84 310 85 85 310 86 86 336 87 87 362 88 88 80 100 89 320 101 90 140 102 91 496 103 92 412 104 93 132 105 94 100 106 95 196 107 96 164 108 97 240 110 98 139 111 99 47 112 100 168 113 101 35 114 102 76 115 103 233 116 104 219 117 105 139 118 106 251 119 107 67 120 108 375 121 109 209 122 110 146 123 111 360 124 112 87 125 113 31 126 114 116 127 115 50 128 116 277 129 117 214 130 118 148 131 119 216 150 120 112 151 121 66 152 122 25 153 123 72 154 124 21 155 125 55 156 126 111 157 127 32 158 128 48 159 129 104 160 130 142 161 131 64 162 132 56 163 133 16 164 134 32 165 135 32 166 136 32 167 137 16 168 138 40 169 139 96 170 140 48 171 141 136 172 142 56 173 143 103 174 144 104 175 145 136 176 146 72 177 147 120 178 148 16 179 149 24 180 150 32 181 151 48 182 152 49 183 153 56 184 154 40 185 155 59 200 156 120 201 157 56 202 158 128 203 159 104 204 160 112 205 161 128 206 162 31 207 163 16 208 164 78 209 165 104 210 166 33 211 167 16 212 168 56 213 169 96 214 170 136 215 171 48 216 172 105 217 173 63 218 174 168 219 175 64 220 176 80 221 177 160 222 178 72 223 179 96 224 180 128 999 181 111