DDI_TUR_2001_MSES_v01_M Economic Research Forum 2001 NADA Version 1.0 DDI Number and Study ID edited by World Bank Data Group (May 2013) Micro and Small Enterprise Survey, 2001 MSEs 2001 TUR_2001_MSES_v01_M Economic Research Forum

Semsa Ozar

Jacques Charmes

Donald Mead

Ferhad Mehran

(c) 2013, Economic Research Forum NADA European Commission (through the FEMISE 2 project) Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development International Development Research Centre Economic Research Forum (ERF) - 21 Al-Sad Al-Aaly St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt Enterprise Survey [en/oth] Small and Micro Enterprises Labor Education The project on "Promoting Competitiveness in Micro and Small Enterprises" (MSE) was initiated in 2000 by the Economic Research Forum, with the main objective has been to expand the knowledge on this sector in the Middle East and North Africa region, with the ultimate aim of designing relevant policies and specific programs to help this sector fulfill its enormous growth potentials. Constituting an average of 95% of the number of enterprises in the region, it is presumed that promoting this sector will have a positive spill-over effect on the economies of the region. Discussions on the results of the project have pointed to an emerging consensus that it will be filling a knowledge gap related to the micro and small enterprises sector in the MENA region. Policies and strategies designed to promote this sector have not been adequately targeting their needs, and thus this project is considered to be of great relevance to the policy making process. Specifically, the main contributions may be summarized as follows: 1) The database gathered through the project based on field surveys is considered unique, as to the number of enterprises covered (18,000), and the information produced, including information on the enterprise, the entrepreneur and the household. A special focus on women entrepreneurs have been made throughout the survey. This mine of data will undoubtedly provide background information that enables policy makers to design relevant policies. 2) The "Policy Briefs" gives a concise summary of the outcome of each country study and highlights the recommendations reached based on the analysis. 3) The current Country reports series is prepared based on the findings of the surveys, detailed information about the performance of the enterprises, determinants of success and prospects for the future are given. Special focus on the status of women entrepreneurs is also made. 4) The Synthesis report will have a comparative analytical approach of the case studies of the four countries. This report will asses the MSE sector in the four countries and will draw relevant policy recommendations for the region. It has been evidently shown that promoting this sector could contribute to the solution of the increasing unemployment problem in the region, and a means to alleviate poverty through income generation. The spillover effects that this sector if properly developed will positively affect the development of the countries concerned. However, the real level of knowledge about the MSEs is surprisingly low. The Micro and Small Enterprises survey (MSEs) study in Turkey attempts to make an essential contribution to the knowledge of MSEs in Turkey by investigating both the internal conditions and the dynamics of MSEs as well as examining the external economic and social conditions pertaining to their performance and development. For the most part, studies of small enterprises in Turkey focus on the SMEs operating in the manufacturing sector. Furthermore, they lay emphasis on larger SMEs. The present study, by contrast, focuses on a neglected group of enterprises in the Turkish economy, namely, the portion of the SMEs which contain smaller enterprises. This portion is significant; it constitutes 99.4% of the total nonagricultural enterprises in Turkey (TURKSTAT, 2002). Moreover, this study does not only cover the manufacturing sector, but all sectors of the economy except the agricultural sector. It is also distinguished by its scope of investigation as it provides an assessment of MSEs in the economy as a whole within a dynamic context. The present study attempts to identify the following: i. the importance of MSEs in the economy vis-à-vis their contribution to the national value-added and employment in the main sectors of the economy; ii. the characteristics of MSEs and their entrepreneurs, with particular emphasize on their similarities, differences, and the ways in which they affect the performance of the MSEs; iii. the dynamics of success and failure of MSEs; iv. the role played by the economic and social environment in enabling or hindering the performance of MSEs, thus focusing on the legal, bureaucratic, economic, financial and social conditions that constrain or facilitate the operation of MSEs; and v. the policy recommendations that would enable MSEs to perform their activities in a more efficient way, and at the same time contributing to their growth and generation of decent and productive work. Turkiye National coverage 1- Enterprises. 2- Households. 3- Individuals. The survey covered all enterprises engaging up to 50 people including the working proprietors and unpaid family workers. A number of activities have been excluded from the investigations because they were of lower priority in relation to the focus of the research project. This means that the definition of MSEs refers to enterprises consisting of a person producing accessories for sale in the market, as well as factories with 30 or 40 workers. Both formal and informal enterprises falling within the MSE universe were the subject of investigations. Sample survey data [ssd] The sampling was national in coverage and is chosen by stratified, multi-stage systematic sampling method by the TURKSTAT. In Stage 1, 19 provinces were selected from 5 strata11 that were stratified in terms of socio-economic development level of the provinces compiled by the State Planning Organization (SPO). The selection of provinces from each stratum was carried out by weighted probability regarding the number of enterprises in each province. In stage 2, 432 PSUs with a minimum of 45 enterprises in urban areas of the 19 provinces were selected based on census of buildings for the year 2000 by the SIS, and 100 villages were selected in the rural area. Urban areas: Settlements with population over 20,000. These settlements include the central city of the province and district centers (ilce) with a population over 20,000. Rural areas: Villages with a population between 500 and 2,000. Some of the sample villages visited during the survey selected by the TURKSTAT, were more or less deserted and usually had only one grocery shop as an enterprise. But this was not always clearly reflected in the Population Census. This is because the municipalities receive their budget from the central administration in proportion to their population. Thus in order to compensate for the dearth of population in the villages, most of the municipalities arrange bus trips for migrants living in the big cities like Istanbul, taking them to their home towns and villages during the national census in order to increase their allowances from the public sources. The persistence of this practice means that the population of some villages is not reflected accurately in the population census. They are usually inflated. =============================================================================================================== A more detailed description of the different sampling stages and allocation of sample across governorates is provided in Appendix 5 in the full report available among external resources. =============================================================================================================== Due to the lack of a nation-wide survey of establishments for both rural and urban areas, the selection of villages was carried out without a reliable stratification process. It was decided to exclude the rural enterprises from the sample before the weighting and extrapolating process. The rural MSEs interviewed could be evaluated separately from the urban MSEs that constitute a representative sample of MSEs for the urban areas. Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire used in the main survey included four different forms: Form I. The enterprise list, used for listing all the enterprises within the PSU9 to identify the enterprise, entrepreneur, and associated household. All members of the enterprise universe were included in the first listing (identifying nature of enterprise), but those in excluded activities were not given the Form II used in the main survey. Exclusion rules concern agricultural and non-market activities, illegal activities, production for own personal use, mobile vendors, domestic services, professional services (except ICT) and enterprises with 50 and more persons engaged. Sampling rule designed to under-sample smaller sizes and men entrepreneurs Entrepreneur women: (size 1=>1/5; size 2-9 =>1/1; size 10-49=>1/1) Entrepreneur men: (size 1=>1/10; size 2-9 =>1/2; size 10-49=>1/1) The size 1 enterprises were deliberately under-sampled to avoid dominating the sample by enterprises size 1, and therefore have statistically significant number of enterprises in the sample for the larger size. The over sampling of enterprises with women entrepreneurs was necessary in order to ensure that the sample included sufficient number of women entrepreneurs to obtain statistically significant results. Form II. Household roster-enterprise identification. This type of questionnaire included identification variables for the members of the household and possible MSEs at home. Form III. Enterprise-entrepreneur questionnaire focused on characteristics of the entrepreneur and enterprise. Form III contained 322 questions related to the characteristics of the entrepreneur and the enterprise, growth performance, access to credit, financial and business services, relations with business associations, status of registration, level of technology, value of assets, main customers, exports, linkages with other enterprises, constraints to business activity, the problems specific to women entrepreneurs and characteristics of the work force. Form IV. Household questionnaire dealt with the characteristics of the members of the entrepreneur’s household and the analysis of the inter-relations between the household and the enterprise. The advantage of this mode of approach, which was having four different forms of questionnaires, is that it allowed investigation of the economic units for which we do not have a complete list. Area sampling, followed by door to door surveying ensured that establishments and household components are combined into one operation, with canvassing of all production units, whether in establishments, household premises, fixed units, in the street or market places. This method avoided the complications of going through the household, getting addresses for economic units/establishments but not finding them. Although the questions in these forms mostly specified a number of possible answers, some questions were nonetheless deliberately left “open” to encourage free expression of attitudes and opinions by the respondents when none of the existing answers matched the respondent’s answer, or when “other” categories were marked and the answer given by the respondent was written precisely in the space provided. The questionnaire was originally written in English and then translated into Turkish. The final changes were based on the inputs from the pre-test and comments made by experts and experienced bodies at the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) and the Istanbul Chamber of Industry. Wording of the instrument questions and alternative response categories for instrument items were refined to ensure accuracy and comparability. ============================================================================================= A comprehensive description of the questionnaire design for the main survey is provided in Appendix 3 in the full report available among external resources. ============================================================================================= The fieldwork consisted of successive stages of pre-test, canvassing of the sampling units, the main survey during 2001. Pre-test ======== Pre-test was carried out in February 2001 in a limited number of selected streets in two neighbourhoods of Istanbul (Merter, and Gultepe) known for having a variety of MSEs in terms of size and sector, and at a small industrial estate (Ikitelli sanayi sitesi) with a sample of 102 MSEs. Merter neighbourhood includes both manufacturing workshops, wholesale and retail shops. On the other hand, migrants from rural areas live and perform small-sized economic activities including home-based work in Gultepe neighbourhood. During the pre-test, an additional questionnaire was used for the workers of the enterprise. A selected number of workers were asked to respond to a separate questionnaire about the conditions of the workplace, work contract, social security and their salaries. In most cases, during the interviews the presence of the entrepreneur made the workers hesitant to answer questions, particularly those related to legal obligations of the employer. Thus in order to avoid the risk of using unreliable data, the MSE team decided, during the evaluation of the pre-test results, to exclude the workers questionnaire from consideration. On the basis of the assessment of the field experience and results of the pre-test, questions judged to be inaccurate or otherwise unacceptable were modified or excluded from the instruments. Some response categories for open questions through classification of responses in pre-test were devised. On the basis of review of pre-test experience in the four countries involved in the research program, namely Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco and Turkey, it was agreed to adopt the “combined” approach, i.e., door-to-door canvassing of entrepreneurs and households followed by sampling in the office and interviewing later on. Training for the pre-test was carried out with individuals experienced in fieldwork. The supervisors of the main survey were selected from among the people who had already gained experience in the pre-test. Fieldwork personnel were organised in teams comprising a number of interviewers, a field checker, and a supervisor. The training programme started with a number of candidates larger than the number of individuals needed for the actual fieldwork. This was intended to provide for the natural depletion and ensure selection of a more qualified and competent fieldwork personnel. Trainees were evaluated continuously throughout the programme on the basis of their performance. A comprehensive manual along with a glossary including comprehensible definitions of concepts used in the survey, were distributed during the training programme. The training programme included interactive sessions on the objectives of the survey, definitions of the concepts used in the questionnaire, sessions on improving interviewing skills with the help of role playing and field practices. 40 interviewers and 11 field checkers and supervisors were selected and organized into 8 teams. Local interviewers were recruited from provinces in the sample to avoid the difficulties that may arise with local dialects and traditions. Training sessions were held in 8 different regions. Main Survey (Phase 1) =============== The main survey fieldwork started on the last week of June 2001 with training, and completed in the last week of September 2001. The selected streets comprising the PSUs given by the TURKSTAT, were marked on the maps of the neighbourhoods and visited by the field team before the interviews started. A special team were formed to undertake independent random checking of the field teams on the field, and at the office by contacting the entrepreneurs by phone or by re-interviewing the MSEs in order to check the reliability of the interviews. Quality control of the data collected was carried out both in the field and in the office. The interviews were carried out at the enterprise with the entrepreneurs or one of the partners in the enterprise. The respondents were assured of complete anonymity throughout the survey. All housing and establishment units were visited by the interviewers by knocking all the doors in the selected PSUs to survey the individual enterprises located in establishments, as well as economic activities performed on own-account basis (or for sub-contract) in homes. As such, the survey offered a good opportunity to cover home-based workers be they own-account or dependent workers. The listing of enterprises through door-to-door canvassing was followed by sub-sampling in the office. The rules of exclusion covered the following activities: agricultural and non-market activities; illegal activities; production for own-use; mobile vendors; domestic services; professional services (except ICT) and enterprises employing more than 50 persons engaged. Those excluded activities were not given the full questionnaire in the main survey. Weighting and extrapolation ================= A survey analysis is usually conducted as if all sample observations were independently selected with equal probability of selection. This analysis is correct if simple random sampling (SRS) with replacement is used. However, in practice sample selection is more complex than SRS. Some sample observations may be weighted more heavily than others, and some are included in the sample by virtue of their membership in a certain group (e.g. household) rather than being selected independently. Thus, rather than simple statistical techniques, this complexity requires special analytic considerations such as inserting sampling weights into the sample analysis. Since our sample provides a complex sampling design, our weights are generated by the multiplication of three different sample weights each of which is calculated for a certain stage. W=w1*w2*w3 where w1 & w2 are obtained by the TURKSTAT, whereas w3 is calculated according to the canvassing and sampling results. =================================================================== A more detailed description on Weighting is provided in the Methodology document among external resources. =================================================================== Data collected through the questionnaires were coded and entered into excel sheets in the office.Senior personnel carried out the correction of inconsistencies frequently by phoning or revisiting the entrepreneurs in order to get the correct responses. Several check questions were identified to ensure the consistency among the responses of the interviewees. For example, the number of people engaged was among the information that was addressed several times in the questionnaire. Responses by the interviewees were checked in the office, as for the cases that could not be resolved in the office interviewees were contacted in order to clarify the inconsistencies. Entries in the response category for “other” were listed and response categories were reformulated, to ensure that the category “other” does not contain more than 10% of the cases. The International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC, 3rd Revision) were used for the classification of economic activities. Classification of occupations was carried out according to the adapted version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-88 for Turkey by the Turkish Statistical Institute. Out of 9,280 eligible enterprises, 7,335 were selected randomly with respect to the proportions by sub-categories of gender, size and location. A total of 5,000 interviews were carried out, of which 4,776 were in the urban areas. To access the micro-data, researchers are required to register on the ERF website and comply with the data access agreement. The data will be used only for scholarly, research, or educational purposes. Users are prohibited from using data acquired from the Economic Research Forum in the pursuit of any commercial or private ventures. Economic Research Forum The users should cite the Economic Research Forum as follows: "Economic Research Forum, Micro and Small Enterprise Survey in Turkey, MSEs (2001), Version 1.0 of the Licensed data files (April, 2013), provided by the Economic Research Forum. http://www.erfdataportal.com/index.php/catalog" Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions. The Economic Research Forum has granted the researcher access to relevant data following exhaustive efforts to protect the confidentiality of individual data. The researcher is solely responsible for any analysis or conclusions drawn from available data. Turkey_MSEs_Enterprise data listing_phase1 0 9 Turkey_MSEs_household data 0 139 Turkey_MSEs_Enterprise data phase 1 0 464 Turkey_MSEs_household with previous closed enterprises 0 64 1 government 2 public 3 NGO 4 co-operative 5 private domestic-professional activity 6 private domestic-other 7 private foreign yes 1 no yes 1 no sample area sample area sample area sample area sample area serial number serial number serial number serial number serial number serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in smapling area? in smapling area? in smapling area? in smapling area? in smapling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in smapling area? in smapling area? in smapling area? in smapling area? in smapling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? in sampling area? no 1 yes main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged number of persons engaged relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head age age age age age head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week labour force participation during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the following activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant age age age age age gender gender gender gender gender male 1 female 2 female education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed education: number of grades completed labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week labour force participtaion during preceding week 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? has done any of the follwing activities even for one hour during last week? no 1 produced a commodity and sold it directly 2 produced a commodity for sale in a shop or enterprise 3 purchased goods & resold them 4 rendered some service to others for pay 5 done crafts work for others for pay 6 helped in a household enterprise status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? previously attempted to set up economic unit that closed down? no 1 yes presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? presently principal owner or manager of an enterprise? no 1 yes SERIAL SERIAL SERIAL SERIAL SERIAL sample area sample area sample area sample area sample area serial number serial number serial number serial number serial number enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification household identification household identification household identification household identification household identification main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity permanency of activity of enterprise permanency of activity of enterprise permanency of activity of enterprise permanency of activity of enterprise permanency of activity of enterprise 1 permanent 2 seasonal 3 temporary does enterprise engaeg in other activites? does enterprise engaeg in other activites? does enterprise engaeg in other activites? does enterprise engaeg in other activites? does enterprise engaeg in other activites? no 1 yes specify specify specify specify specify Is this the only location in which the enterprise operates? Is this the only location in which the enterprise operates? Is this the only location in which the enterprise operates? Is this the only location in which the enterprise operates? Is this the only location in which the enterprise operates? no 1 yes how many other locations? how many other locations? how many other locations? how many other locations? how many other locations? number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 1 finance 2 management 3 market 4 other activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 link 1 with enterprise link 1 with enterprise link 1 with enterprise link 1 with enterprise link 1 with enterprise 1 branch 2 headquarters 3 sales outlet 4 storage area 5 production of intermediate goods 6 purchasing 7 other number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 number of workers of subsidiary 2 head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 activity of subsidiary 2 link 2 with enterprise link 2 with enterprise link 2 with enterprise link 2 with enterprise link 2 with enterprise 1 branch 2 headquarters 3 sales outlet 4 storage area 5 production of intermediate goods 6 purchasing 7 other number of workers of subsidiary 3 number of workers of subsidiary 3 number of workers of subsidiary 3 number of workers of subsidiary 3 number of workers of subsidiary 3 activity of subsidiary 3 activity of subsidiary 3 activity of subsidiary 3 activity of subsidiary 3 activity of subsidiary 3 1 finance 2 management 3 market 4 other link 3 with enterprise link 3 with enterprise link 3 with enterprise link 3 with enterprise link 3 with enterprise 1 branch 2 headquarters 3 sales outlet 4 storage area 5 production of intermediate goods 6 purchasing 7 other normal work times for the enterprise: number of hours per day normal work times for the enterprise: number of hours per day normal work times for the enterprise: number of hours per day normal work times for the enterprise: number of hours per day normal work times for the enterprise: number of hours per day number of weeks per month number of weeks per month number of weeks per month number of weeks per month number of weeks per month number of months per year number of months per year number of months per year number of months per year number of months per year sector of ownership sector of ownership sector of ownership sector of ownership sector of ownership 1 co-operative 2 private domestic 3 private foreign 4 private domestic-foreign partnership sex of principal owner/manager sex of principal owner/manager sex of principal owner/manager sex of principal owner/manager sex of principal owner/manager 1 male 2 female owner or manager? owner or manager? owner or manager? owner or manager? owner or manager? 1 owner 2 manager is this your sole economic activity? is this your sole economic activity? is this your sole economic activity? is this your sole economic activity? is this your sole economic activity? no 1 yes what other economic activity do you engage in? what other economic activity do you engage in? what other economic activity do you engage in? what other economic activity do you engage in? what other economic activity do you engage in? age age age age age age at starting first job age at starting first job age at starting first job age at starting first job age at starting first job where born? where born? where born? where born? where born? 1 same governorate 2 different governorate 3 outside the country born in urban/rural area? born in urban/rural area? born in urban/rural area? born in urban/rural area? born in urban/rural area? 1 urban 2 rural nationality nationality nationality nationality nationality 1 non-national 2 national marital status marital status marital status marital status marital status 1 never married 2 married 3 widowed 4 divorced number of children number of children number of children number of children number of children educational attainment (number of grades completed in all types of formal educat educational attainment (number of grades completed in all types of formal educat educational attainment (number of grades completed in all types of formal educat educational attainment (number of grades completed in all types of formal educat educational attainment (number of grades completed in all types of formal educat had formal technical or vocational education? had formal technical or vocational education? had formal technical or vocational education? had formal technical or vocational education? had formal technical or vocational education? no 1 yes formal technical or vocational education for how long? formal technical or vocational education for how long? formal technical or vocational education for how long? formal technical or vocational education for how long? formal technical or vocational education for how long? had training-apprenticeship experience? had training-apprenticeship experience? had training-apprenticeship experience? had training-apprenticeship experience? had training-apprenticeship experience? no 1 yes training for how long? training for how long? training for how long? training for how long? training for how long? in what type of enterprise was the training provided? in what type of enterprise was the training provided? in what type of enterprise was the training provided? in what type of enterprise was the training provided? in what type of enterprise was the training provided? labor force participation previously labor force participation previously labor force participation previously labor force participation previously labor force participation previously 1 employed 2 unemployed 3 out of labor force-full time student 4 out of labor force-housewife 5 out of labor force-did not desire to work 6 out of labor force-disabled 7 out of labor force-military service status in employment of previous job status in employment of previous job status in employment of previous job status in employment of previous job status in employment of previous job 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 member of co-operative 5 family worker 6 other occupation of previous job occupation of previous job occupation of previous job occupation of previous job occupation of previous job sector of ownership of previous job sector of ownership of previous job sector of ownership of previous job sector of ownership of previous job sector of ownership of previous job 1 government 2 public 3 domestic NGO 4 foreign NGO 5 co-operative 6 private domestic 7 private foreign in establishment? in establishment? in establishment? in establishment? in establishment? no 1 yes economic activity of previous job economic activity of previous job economic activity of previous job economic activity of previous job economic activity of previous job geographic location of previous job geographic location of previous job geographic location of previous job geographic location of previous job geographic location of previous job 1 same as present 2 different inside the country 3 different outside the country main reason for changing last job? main reason for changing last job? main reason for changing last job? main reason for changing last job? main reason for changing last job? 1 laid-off 2 low earnings 3 bad work conditions 4 family reasons 5 had to move out of previous location 6 other present status in employment present status in employment present status in employment present status in employment present status in employment 1 employee 2 employer 3 own-account 4 family worker main reason for choosing present job main reason for choosing present job main reason for choosing present job main reason for choosing present job main reason for choosing present job 1 suits qualifications 2 has experience in business 3 capital requirements reasonable 4 family business 5 desire to set up new enterprise 6 to improve living conditions 7 only option available 8 other how long have been in present job? how long have been in present job? how long have been in present job? how long have been in present job? how long have been in present job? works at home? works at home? works at home? works at home? works at home? 1 no 2 own home 3 another home distance from home? (in minutes) distance from home? (in minutes) distance from home? (in minutes) distance from home? (in minutes) distance from home? (in minutes) description of place of work description of place of work description of place of work description of place of work description of place of work 1 workshop/factory 2 shop 3 office 4 room 5 apartment 6 separate building 7 vehicle 8 open space 9 kiosk 10 other ownership of the place of work ownership of the place of work ownership of the place of work ownership of the place of work ownership of the place of work 1 owned 2 shared ownership 3 rented 4 shared rent 5 squatter 6 free 7 other does owner have partners? does owner have partners? does owner have partners? does owner have partners? does owner have partners? no 1 yes 8 don't know how many partners? how many partners? how many partners? how many partners? how many partners? who are they? family and relatives who are they? family and relatives who are they? family and relatives who are they? family and relatives who are they? family and relatives no 1 yes who are they? birth place friends who are they? birth place friends who are they? birth place friends who are they? birth place friends who are they? birth place friends no 1 yes who are they? other friends who are they? other friends who are they? other friends who are they? other friends who are they? other friends no 1 yes who are they? neighbours who are they? neighbours who are they? neighbours who are they? neighbours who are they? neighbours no 1 yes who are they? business colleagues who are they? business colleagues who are they? business colleagues who are they? business colleagues who are they? business colleagues no 1 yes who are they? domestic firms who are they? domestic firms who are they? domestic firms who are they? domestic firms who are they? domestic firms no 1 yes who are they? foreign firms who are they? foreign firms who are they? foreign firms who are they? foreign firms who are they? foreign firms no 1 yes who are they? other who are they? other who are they? other who are they? other who are they? other no 1 yes belongs to a business association? none belongs to a business association? none belongs to a business association? none belongs to a business association? none belongs to a business association? none no 1 yes belongs to a business association? chamber of commerce belongs to a business association? chamber of commerce belongs to a business association? chamber of commerce belongs to a business association? chamber of commerce belongs to a business association? chamber of commerce no 1 yes belongs to a business association? specialised federation of industries belongs to a business association? specialised federation of industries belongs to a business association? specialised federation of industries belongs to a business association? specialised federation of industries belongs to a business association? specialised federation of industries no 1 yes belongs to a business association? geographical federation belongs to a business association? geographical federation belongs to a business association? geographical federation belongs to a business association? geographical federation belongs to a business association? geographical federation no 1 yes belongs to a business association? other belongs to a business association? other belongs to a business association? other belongs to a business association? other belongs to a business association? other no 1 yes which is the most important to your business? which is the most important to your business? which is the most important to your business? which is the most important to your business? which is the most important to your business? 1 chamber of commerce 2 specialised federation of industries 3 geographical federation 5 other in which is the most benefit derived from this association: setting-up enterpris in which is the most benefit derived from this association: setting-up enterpris in which is the most benefit derived from this association: setting-up enterpris in which is the most benefit derived from this association: setting-up enterpris in which is the most benefit derived from this association: setting-up enterpris no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: communication servic in which is the most benefit derived from this association: communication servic in which is the most benefit derived from this association: communication servic in which is the most benefit derived from this association: communication servic in which is the most benefit derived from this association: communication servic no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: information (know-ho in which is the most benefit derived from this association: information (know-ho in which is the most benefit derived from this association: information (know-ho in which is the most benefit derived from this association: information (know-ho in which is the most benefit derived from this association: information (know-ho no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: financial? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: financial? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: financial? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: financial? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: financial? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: management? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: management? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: management? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: management? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: management? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: training of workers? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: training of workers? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: training of workers? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: training of workers? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: training of workers? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: production? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: production? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: production? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: production? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: production? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: promoting inter-firm in which is the most benefit derived from this association: promoting inter-firm in which is the most benefit derived from this association: promoting inter-firm in which is the most benefit derived from this association: promoting inter-firm in which is the most benefit derived from this association: promoting inter-firm no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: domestic marketing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: domestic marketing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: domestic marketing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: domestic marketing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: domestic marketing? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: importing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: importing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: importing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: importing? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: importing? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: exporting? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: exporting? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: exporting? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: exporting? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: exporting? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: dispute settlement? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: dispute settlement? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: dispute settlement? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: dispute settlement? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: dispute settlement? no 1 yes in which is the most benefit derived from this association: other? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: other? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: other? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: other? in which is the most benefit derived from this association: other? no 1 yes in which area do you need most support from this association? in which area do you need most support from this association? in which area do you need most support from this association? in which area do you need most support from this association? in which area do you need most support from this association? none 1 setting-up enterprise 2 communication services 3 information(know-how, technology) 4 financial 5 management 6 training of workers 7 production 8 promoting inter-firm linkages 9 domestic marketing 10 importing 11 exporting 12 dispute settlement 13 other how do you normally settle business disputes? how do you normally settle business disputes? how do you normally settle business disputes? how do you normally settle business disputes? how do you normally settle business disputes? no disputes 1 direct settlement personal communication) 2 court system 3 business association arbitration 4 senior business colleague- craft leader 5 community leader 6 other legal form: legal form: legal form: legal form: legal form: 1 sole proprietorship 2 simple partnership 3 limited liability 4 limited liability by shares 5 joint stock 6 other are there neighbouring enterprises engaged in activities related to your enterpr are there neighbouring enterprises engaged in activities related to your enterpr are there neighbouring enterprises engaged in activities related to your enterpr are there neighbouring enterprises engaged in activities related to your enterpr are there neighbouring enterprises engaged in activities related to your enterpr no 1 yes name of cluster or estate name of cluster or estate name of cluster or estate name of cluster or estate name of cluster or estate type neighbouring enterprise: type neighbouring enterprise: type neighbouring enterprise: type neighbouring enterprise: type neighbouring enterprise: 1 cluster 2 industrial estate do you find the presence in this cluster, estate, useful to business? do you find the presence in this cluster, estate, useful to business? do you find the presence in this cluster, estate, useful to business? do you find the presence in this cluster, estate, useful to business? do you find the presence in this cluster, estate, useful to business? no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: setting-up ent in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: setting-up ent in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: setting-up ent in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: setting-up ent in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: setting-up ent no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: communication in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: communication in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: communication in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: communication in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: communication no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: information (k in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: information (k in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: information (k in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: information (k in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: information (k no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: financial? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: financial? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: financial? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: financial? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: financial? no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: management? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: management? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: management? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: management? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: management? no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: training of wo in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: training of wo in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: training of wo in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: training of wo in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: training of wo no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: production? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: production? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: production? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: production? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: production? no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: promoting inte in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: promoting inte in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: promoting inte in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: promoting inte in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: promoting inte no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: domestic marke in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: domestic marke in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: domestic marke in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: domestic marke in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: domestic marke no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: importing? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: importing? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: importing? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: importing? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: importing? no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: exporting? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: exporting? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: exporting? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: exporting? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: exporting? no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: dispute settle in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: dispute settle in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: dispute settle in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: dispute settle in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: dispute settle no 1 yes in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: other? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: other? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: other? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: other? in which is the most important benefit derived from this cluster: other? no 1 yes in which do you most need support from the cluster, estate? in which do you most need support from the cluster, estate? in which do you most need support from the cluster, estate? in which do you most need support from the cluster, estate? in which do you most need support from the cluster, estate? none 1 setting-up enterprise 2 communication services 3 information(know-how, technology) 4 financial 5 management 6 training of workers 7 production 8 promoting inter-firm linkages 9 domestic marketing 10 importing 11 exporting 12 dispute settlement 13 other when was enterprise set-up in current location and same activity (year)? when was enterprise set-up in current location and same activity (year)? when was enterprise set-up in current location and same activity (year)? when was enterprise set-up in current location and same activity (year)? when was enterprise set-up in current location and same activity (year)? was enterprise registered? was enterprise registered? was enterprise registered? was enterprise registered? was enterprise registered? no 1 yes 2 not required why not registered? why not registered? why not registered? why not registered? why not registered? 1 too expensive 2 tedious 3 useless 4 other had you acquired an official license? had you acquired an official license? had you acquired an official license? had you acquired an official license? had you acquired an official license? no 1 yes 2 not required why not license? why not license? why not license? why not license? why not license? 1 too expensive 2 tedious 3 useless 4 other had registered with tax department? had registered with tax department? had registered with tax department? had registered with tax department? had registered with tax department? no 1 yes 2 not required why not registered with tax dept.? why not registered with tax dept.? why not registered with tax dept.? why not registered with tax dept.? why not registered with tax dept.? 1 too expensive 2 tedious 3 useless 4 other had joined social insurance scheme? had joined social insurance scheme? had joined social insurance scheme? had joined social insurance scheme? had joined social insurance scheme? no 1 yes 2 not required why not social insurance? why not social insurance? why not social insurance? why not social insurance? why not social insurance? 1 too expensive 2 tedious 3 useless 4 other who was covered? who was covered? who was covered? who was covered? who was covered? 1 entrepreneur 2 entrepreneur + some workers 3 entrepreneur + all workers number of persons engaged: number of persons engaged: number of persons engaged: number of persons engaged: number of persons engaged: space: area of economic unit space: area of economic unit space: area of economic unit space: area of economic unit space: area of economic unit main source of initial capital main source of initial capital main source of initial capital main source of initial capital main source of initial capital 1 inheritance 2 own savings 3 liquidation of assets 4 formal loan 5 informal loan 6 own remittances 7 others remittances 8 other main of formal loan main of formal loan main of formal loan main of formal loan main of formal loan 1 bank 2 development fund 3 credit firm 4 other domestic firm 5 foreign firm 6 domestic NGOs 7 foreign NGOs 8 other government agency- central 9 other government agency-local 10 other interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency 1 national currency (TL) 2 US$ 3 other collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? no 1 yes source of informal loan source of informal loan source of informal loan source of informal loan source of informal loan 1 money lender 2 family and relatives 3 friends 4 neighbours 5 informal saving arrangements 6 business associates 7 business contractors 8 other interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency 1 national currency (TL) 2 US$ 3 other collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? no 1 yes business support service provided with loan? business support service provided with loan? business support service provided with loan? business support service provided with loan? business support service provided with loan? no 1 yes specify the most important business support service specify the most important business support service specify the most important business support service specify the most important business support service specify the most important business support service none 1 setting-up enterprise 2 communication services 3 information(know-how, technology) 4 financial 5 management 6 training of workers 7 production 8 promoting inter-firm linkages 9 domestic marketing 10 importing 11 exporting 12 dispute settlement 13 other At present: enterprise registered (industrial or commercial)? At present: enterprise registered (industrial or commercial)? At present: enterprise registered (industrial or commercial)? At present: enterprise registered (industrial or commercial)? At present: enterprise registered (industrial or commercial)? no 1 yes 2 not required when registered year? when registered year? when registered year? when registered year? when registered year? why registered? why registered? why registered? why registered? why registered? 1 became mandatory 2 procedures simplified 3 cost decline 4 became advantageous 5 other At present: acquired an official business license? At present: acquired an official business license? At present: acquired an official business license? At present: acquired an official business license? At present: acquired an official business license? no 1 yes 2 not required when got licensed (year)? when got licensed (year)? when got licensed (year)? when got licensed (year)? when got licensed (year)? why got license? why got license? why got license? why got license? why got license? 1 became mandatory 2 procedures simplified 3 cost decline 4 became advantageous 5 other At present: registered with tax department? At present: registered with tax department? At present: registered with tax department? At present: registered with tax department? At present: registered with tax department? no 1 yes 2 not required when got registered in tax dept. (year)? when got registered in tax dept. (year)? when got registered in tax dept. (year)? when got registered in tax dept. (year)? when got registered in tax dept. (year)? why registered in tax dept.? why registered in tax dept.? why registered in tax dept.? why registered in tax dept.? why registered in tax dept.? 1 became mandatory 2 procedures simplified 3 cost decline 4 became advantageous 5 other At present: joined social insurance scheme? At present: joined social insurance scheme? At present: joined social insurance scheme? At present: joined social insurance scheme? At present: joined social insurance scheme? no 1 yes 2 not required when joined (year)? when joined (year)? when joined (year)? when joined (year)? when joined (year)? why joined? why joined? why joined? why joined? why joined? 1 became mandatory 2 procedures simplified 3 cost decline 4 became advantageous 5 other who was covered? who was covered? who was covered? who was covered? who was covered? 1 entrepreneur 2 entrepreneur + some workers 3 entrepreneur + all workers enterprise organised in departments with responsible managers? enterprise organised in departments with responsible managers? enterprise organised in departments with responsible managers? enterprise organised in departments with responsible managers? enterprise organised in departments with responsible managers? no 1 yes enterprise keeps regular accounts? enterprise keeps regular accounts? enterprise keeps regular accounts? enterprise keeps regular accounts? enterprise keeps regular accounts? no 1 yes dominant technology:: use of mechanical equipment dominant technology:: use of mechanical equipment dominant technology:: use of mechanical equipment dominant technology:: use of mechanical equipment dominant technology:: use of mechanical equipment 1 never 2 often 3 all the time dominant technology:: use of electric equipment dominant technology:: use of electric equipment dominant technology:: use of electric equipment dominant technology:: use of electric equipment dominant technology:: use of electric equipment 1 never 2 often 3 all the time dominant technology:: use of electronic equipment dominant technology:: use of electronic equipment dominant technology:: use of electronic equipment dominant technology:: use of electronic equipment dominant technology:: use of electronic equipment 1 never 2 often 3 all the time how do you characterise the technology used in the production process of the ent how do you characterise the technology used in the production process of the ent how do you characterise the technology used in the production process of the ent how do you characterise the technology used in the production process of the ent how do you characterise the technology used in the production process of the ent 1 traditional 2 modern 3 up-to-date do you use the latest technology in your business sector? do you use the latest technology in your business sector? do you use the latest technology in your business sector? do you use the latest technology in your business sector? do you use the latest technology in your business sector? no 1 yes why not use the latest technology? why not use the latest technology? why not use the latest technology? why not use the latest technology? why not use the latest technology? 1 too expensive 2 difficult to obtain locally 3 no good service for it 4 workers not qualified for it 5 other present value of enterprise assets: Land? present value of enterprise assets: Land? present value of enterprise assets: Land? present value of enterprise assets: Land? present value of enterprise assets: Land? present value of enterprise assets: buildings? present value of enterprise assets: buildings? present value of enterprise assets: buildings? present value of enterprise assets: buildings? present value of enterprise assets: buildings? present value of enterprise assets: tools? present value of enterprise assets: tools? present value of enterprise assets: tools? present value of enterprise assets: tools? present value of enterprise assets: tools? present value of enterprise assets: other equipment? present value of enterprise assets: other equipment? present value of enterprise assets: other equipment? present value of enterprise assets: other equipment? present value of enterprise assets: other equipment? present value of enterprise assets: inventory? present value of enterprise assets: inventory? present value of enterprise assets: inventory? present value of enterprise assets: inventory? present value of enterprise assets: inventory? present value of enterprise assets: cash? present value of enterprise assets: cash? present value of enterprise assets: cash? present value of enterprise assets: cash? present value of enterprise assets: cash? present value of enterprise assets: total? present value of enterprise assets: total? present value of enterprise assets: total? present value of enterprise assets: total? present value of enterprise assets: total? Main customers: households? Main customers: households? Main customers: households? Main customers: households? Main customers: households? no 1 yes Main customers: government? Main customers: government? Main customers: government? Main customers: government? Main customers: government? no 1 yes Main customers: public enterprise? Main customers: public enterprise? Main customers: public enterprise? Main customers: public enterprise? Main customers: public enterprise? no 1 yes Main customers: domestic NGO? Main customers: domestic NGO? Main customers: domestic NGO? Main customers: domestic NGO? Main customers: domestic NGO? no 1 yes Main customers: foreign NGO? Main customers: foreign NGO? Main customers: foreign NGO? Main customers: foreign NGO? Main customers: foreign NGO? no 1 yes Main customers: co-operative? Main customers: co-operative? Main customers: co-operative? Main customers: co-operative? Main customers: co-operative? no 1 yes Main customers: home based workers? Main customers: home based workers? Main customers: home based workers? Main customers: home based workers? Main customers: home based workers? no 1 yes Main customers: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprises? no 1 yes Main customers: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprises? no 1 yes Main customers: large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises? Main customers: large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises? no 1 yes Main customers: foreign firms? Main customers: foreign firms? Main customers: foreign firms? Main customers: foreign firms? Main customers: foreign firms? no 1 yes Main customers: other? Main customers: other? Main customers: other? Main customers: other? Main customers: other? no 1 yes main customers, share of revenues: households main customers, share of revenues: households main customers, share of revenues: households main customers, share of revenues: households main customers, share of revenues: households main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: public enterprise main customers, share of revenues: public enterprise main customers, share of revenues: public enterprise main customers, share of revenues: public enterprise main customers, share of revenues: public enterprise main customers, share of revenues: domestic NGO main customers, share of revenues: domestic NGO main customers, share of revenues: domestic NGO main customers, share of revenues: domestic NGO main customers, share of revenues: domestic NGO main customers, share of revenues: foreign NGO main customers, share of revenues: foreign NGO main customers, share of revenues: foreign NGO main customers, share of revenues: foreign NGO main customers, share of revenues: foreign NGO main customers, share of revenues: co-operative main customers, share of revenues: co-operative main customers, share of revenues: co-operative main customers, share of revenues: co-operative main customers, share of revenues: co-operative main customers, share of revenues: home based workers main customers, share of revenues: home based workers main customers, share of revenues: home based workers main customers, share of revenues: home based workers main customers, share of revenues: home based workers main customers, share of revenues: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: micro (<10 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: small (<50 persons) private sector enterprise main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: government main customers, share of revenues: foreign firms main customers, share of revenues: foreign firms main customers, share of revenues: foreign firms main customers, share of revenues: foreign firms main customers, share of revenues: foreign firms main customers, share of revenues: other main customers, share of revenues: other main customers, share of revenues: other main customers, share of revenues: other main customers, share of revenues: other scope of market: local? scope of market: local? scope of market: local? scope of market: local? scope of market: local? no 1 yes scope of market: regional? scope of market: regional? scope of market: regional? scope of market: regional? scope of market: regional? no 1 yes scope of market: national? scope of market: national? scope of market: national? scope of market: national? scope of market: national? no 1 yes scope of market: international? scope of market: international? scope of market: international? scope of market: international? scope of market: international? no 1 yes scope of market, share of revenues: local scope of market, share of revenues: local scope of market, share of revenues: local scope of market, share of revenues: local scope of market, share of revenues: local scope of market, share of revenues: regional scope of market, share of revenues: regional scope of market, share of revenues: regional scope of market, share of revenues: regional scope of market, share of revenues: regional scope of market, share of revenues: national scope of market, share of revenues: national scope of market, share of revenues: national scope of market, share of revenues: national scope of market, share of revenues: national scope of market, share of revenues: international scope of market, share of revenues: international scope of market, share of revenues: international scope of market, share of revenues: international scope of market, share of revenues: international enterprise had access to financial services: credit? enterprise had access to financial services: credit? enterprise had access to financial services: credit? enterprise had access to financial services: credit? enterprise had access to financial services: credit? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: credit source? enterprise had access to financial services: credit source? enterprise had access to financial services: credit source? enterprise had access to financial services: credit source? enterprise had access to financial services: credit source? 1 bank 2 development fund 3 credit firm 4 other domestic firm 5 foreign firm 6 domestic NGO 7 foreign NGO 8 government agency 9 family and relatives 10 friends 11 neighbours 12 business associates 13 business contractors 14 money lender 15 other enterprise had access to financial services: credit satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: credit satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: credit satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: credit satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: credit satisfied? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: savings? enterprise had access to financial services: savings? enterprise had access to financial services: savings? enterprise had access to financial services: savings? enterprise had access to financial services: savings? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: savings means? enterprise had access to financial services: savings means? enterprise had access to financial services: savings means? enterprise had access to financial services: savings means? enterprise had access to financial services: savings means? 1 bank 2 development fund 3 post office 4 other domestic firm 5 foreign firm 6 domestic NGO 7 foreign NGO 8 government agency 9 family and relatives 10 friends 11 neighbours 12 business associates 13 business contractors 14 at home 15 informal saving arrangements 16 other enterprise had access to financial services: savings satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: savings satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: savings satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: savings satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: savings satisfied? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: leasing? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: leasing source? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing source? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing source? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing source? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing source? 1 bank 2 development fund 3 domestic firm 4 foreign firm 5 domestic NGO 6 foreign NGO 7 government agency 8 business associates 9 business contractors 10 other enterprise had access to financial services: leasing satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: leasing satisfied? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital? no 1 yes enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital source? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital source? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital source? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital source? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital source? 1 bank 2 development fund 3 domestic firm 4 foreign firm 5 domestic NGO 6 foreign NGO 7 government agency 8 business associates 9 business contractors 10 other enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital satisfied? enterprise had access to financial services: venture capital satisfied? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, 1 bank 2 development fund 3 domestic firm 4 foreign firm 5 domestic NGO 6 foreign NGO 7 government agency 8 business associates 9 other enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, enterprise had access to other business support services: information (know-how, no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: management? enterprise had access to other business support services: management? enterprise had access to other business support services: management? enterprise had access to other business support services: management? enterprise had access to other business support services: management? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: management source? enterprise had access to other business support services: management source? enterprise had access to other business support services: management source? enterprise had access to other business support services: management source? enterprise had access to other business support services: management source? 1 bank 2 development fund 3 domestic firm 4 foreign firm 5 domestic NGO 6 foreign NGO 7 government agency 8 business associates 9 other enterprise had access to other business support services: management satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: management satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: management satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: management satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: management satisfied? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers? enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers? enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers? enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers? enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers so enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers so enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers so enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers so enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers so 1 bank 2 development fund 3 domestic firm 4 foreign firm 5 domestic NGO 6 foreign NGO 7 government agency 8 business associates 9 other enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers sa enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers sa enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers sa enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers sa enterprise had access to other business support services: training of workers sa no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: production? enterprise had access to other business support services: production? enterprise had access to other business support services: production? enterprise had access to other business support services: production? enterprise had access to other business support services: production? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: production source? enterprise had access to other business support services: production source? enterprise had access to other business support services: production source? enterprise had access to other business support services: production source? enterprise had access to other business support services: production source? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: production satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: production satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: production satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: production satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: production satisfied? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l enterprise had access to other business support services: promoting inter-firm l no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing? enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing? enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing? enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing? enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sou enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sou enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sou enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sou enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sou no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sat enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sat enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sat enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sat enterprise had access to other business support services: domestic marketing sat no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting source? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting source? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting source? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting source? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting source? no 1 yes enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting satisfied? enterprise had access to other business support services: exporting satisfied? no 1 yes source of working capital during last 3 months: own savings value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own savings value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own savings value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own savings value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own savings value? no 1 yes source of working capital during last 3 months: liquidation of assets value? source of working capital during last 3 months: liquidation of assets value? source of working capital during last 3 months: liquidation of assets value? source of working capital during last 3 months: liquidation of assets value? source of working capital during last 3 months: liquidation of assets value? no 1 yes source of working capital during last 3 months: suppliers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: suppliers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: suppliers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: suppliers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: suppliers value? no 1 yes source of working capital during last 3 months: contractors value? source of working capital during last 3 months: contractors value? source of working capital during last 3 months: contractors value? source of working capital during last 3 months: contractors value? source of working capital during last 3 months: contractors value? source of working capital during last 3 months: formal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: formal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: formal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: formal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: formal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: informal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: informal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: informal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: informal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: informal loan value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: own remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other remittances value? source of working capital during last 3 months: customers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: customers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: customers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: customers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: customers value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other value? source of working capital during last 3 months: other value? source of working capital during last 3 months: total value? source of working capital during last 3 months: total value? source of working capital during last 3 months: total value? source of working capital during last 3 months: total value? source of working capital during last 3 months: total value? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? 1 bank 2 development fund 3 credit firm 4 other domestic firm 5 foreign firm 6 domestic NGOs 7 foreign NGOs 8 other government agency- central 9 other government agency-local 10 other interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency 1 national currency (TL) 2 US$ 3 other collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? no 1 yes source of formal loan? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? source of formal loan? 1 money lender 2 family and relatives 3 friends 4 neighbours 5 informal saving arrangements 6 business associates 7 business contractors 8 other interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest rate (including charges): % interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest per time period: (month) interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency interest currency 1 national currency (TL) 2 US$ 3 other collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? collateral required? no 1 yes business support service provided with loan during last 3 months? business support service provided with loan during last 3 months? business support service provided with loan during last 3 months? business support service provided with loan during last 3 months? business support service provided with loan during last 3 months? no 1 yes specify the most important business support service during last 3 months specify the most important business support service during last 3 months specify the most important business support service during last 3 months specify the most important business support service during last 3 months specify the most important business support service during last 3 months none 1 setting-up enterprise 2 communication services 3 information(know-how, technology) 4 financial 5 management 6 training of workers 7 production 8 promoting inter-firm linkages 9 domestic marketing 10 importing 11 exporting 12 dispute settlement 13 other had links with other enterprises? had links with other enterprises? had links with other enterprises? had links with other enterprises? had links with other enterprises? no 1 yes with how many approximately? with how many approximately? with how many approximately? with how many approximately? with how many approximately? type of linkages: subcontracting to other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting to other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting to other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting to other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting to other enterprises? no 1 yes type of linkages: subcontracting by other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting by other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting by other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting by other enterprises? type of linkages: subcontracting by other enterprises? no 1 yes type of linkages: collaboration in bidding for contracts? type of linkages: collaboration in bidding for contracts? type of linkages: collaboration in bidding for contracts? type of linkages: collaboration in bidding for contracts? type of linkages: collaboration in bidding for contracts? no 1 yes type of linkages: collaboration in utilising equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising equipment? no 1 yes type of linkages: collaboration in utilising advanced equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising advanced equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising advanced equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising advanced equipment? type of linkages: collaboration in utilising advanced equipment? no 1 yes type of linkages: domestic marketing? type of linkages: domestic marketing? type of linkages: domestic marketing? type of linkages: domestic marketing? type of linkages: domestic marketing? no 1 yes type of linkages: exporting? type of linkages: exporting? type of linkages: exporting? type of linkages: exporting? type of linkages: exporting? no 1 yes type of linkages: other? type of linkages: other? type of linkages: other? type of linkages: other? type of linkages: other? no 1 yes Subcontracting to other enterprises: percentage of purchases? Subcontracting to other enterprises: percentage of purchases? Subcontracting to other enterprises: percentage of purchases? Subcontracting to other enterprises: percentage of purchases? Subcontracting to other enterprises: percentage of purchases? Subcontracting to other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting to other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting to other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting to other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting to other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises 1 domestic NGOs 2 foreign NGOs 3 cut-off-operative 4 out workers 5 self-employed persons 6 micro (?10 persons) private sector enterprises 7 small (?50 persons) private sector enterprises 8 large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises 9 foreign trading firms 10 foreign production firms 11 other Subcontracting to other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting to other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting to other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting to other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting to other enterprises:subject to a contract? no 1 yes Subcontracting to other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting to other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting to other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting to other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting to other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting to other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting to other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting to other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting to other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting to other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? no 1 yes Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of turnover (sales)? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of turnover (sales)? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of turnover (sales)? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of turnover (sales)? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of turnover (sales)? Subcontracting by other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting by other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting by other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting by other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises Subcontracting by other enterprises:type of most important linked enterprises 1 domestic NGOs 2 foreign NGOs 3 cut-off-operative 4 out workers 5 self-employed persons 6 micro (?10 persons) private sector enterprises 7 small (?50 persons) private sector enterprises 8 large (50+ persons) private sector enterprises 9 foreign trading firms 10 foreign production firms 11 other Subcontracting by other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting by other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting by other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting by other enterprises:subject to a contract? Subcontracting by other enterprises:subject to a contract? no 1 yes Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of subcontracted goods exported? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of subcontracted goods exported? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of subcontracted goods exported? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of subcontracted goods exported? Subcontracting by other enterprises: percentage of subcontracted goods exported? Subcontracting by other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting by other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting by other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting by other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting by other enterprises:typical activity of most important linked en Subcontracting by other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting by other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting by other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting by other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? Subcontracting by other enterprises:is this enterprise in same cluster-estate? no 1 yes Infrastructure: access to Water? Infrastructure: access to Water? Infrastructure: access to Water? Infrastructure: access to Water? Infrastructure: access to Water? no 1 yes Infrastructure: access to Electricity? Infrastructure: access to Electricity? Infrastructure: access to Electricity? Infrastructure: access to Electricity? Infrastructure: access to Electricity? no 1 yes Infrastructure: access to Telephone? Infrastructure: access to Telephone? Infrastructure: access to Telephone? Infrastructure: access to Telephone? Infrastructure: access to Telephone? no 1 yes Infrastructure: access to Sewage? Infrastructure: access to Sewage? Infrastructure: access to Sewage? Infrastructure: access to Sewage? Infrastructure: access to Sewage? no 1 yes Infrastructure: access to Roads? Infrastructure: access to Roads? Infrastructure: access to Roads? Infrastructure: access to Roads? Infrastructure: access to Roads? no 1 yes Infrastructure: Transportation for Workers? Infrastructure: Transportation for Workers? Infrastructure: Transportation for Workers? Infrastructure: Transportation for Workers? Infrastructure: Transportation for Workers? no 1 yes Infrastructure: Transportation for Goods? Infrastructure: Transportation for Goods? Infrastructure: Transportation for Goods? Infrastructure: Transportation for Goods? Infrastructure: Transportation for Goods? no 1 yes Adequacy of Water Adequacy of Water Adequacy of Water Adequacy of Water Adequacy of Water not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Adequacy of Electricity Adequacy of Electricity Adequacy of Electricity Adequacy of Electricity Adequacy of Electricity not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Adequacy of Telephone Adequacy of Telephone Adequacy of Telephone Adequacy of Telephone Adequacy of Telephone not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Adequacy of Sewage Adequacy of Sewage Adequacy of Sewage Adequacy of Sewage Adequacy of Sewage not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Adequacy of Roads Adequacy of Roads Adequacy of Roads Adequacy of Roads Adequacy of Roads not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Adequacy of Transportation for Workers Adequacy of Transportation for Workers Adequacy of Transportation for Workers Adequacy of Transportation for Workers Adequacy of Transportation for Workers not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Adequacy of Transportation for Goods Adequacy of Transportation for Goods Adequacy of Transportation for Goods Adequacy of Transportation for Goods Adequacy of Transportation for Goods not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Social facilities: Day Care Centers? Social facilities: Day Care Centers? Social facilities: Day Care Centers? Social facilities: Day Care Centers? Social facilities: Day Care Centers? no 1 yes Adequacy of Day Care Centers? Adequacy of Day Care Centers? Adequacy of Day Care Centers? Adequacy of Day Care Centers? Adequacy of Day Care Centers? not adequate 1 adequate 2 very adequate Severity of Constraint: Securing initial capital Severity of Constraint: Securing initial capital Severity of Constraint: Securing initial capital Severity of Constraint: Securing initial capital Severity of Constraint: Securing initial capital not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Licensing and registration procedures Severity of Constraint: Licensing and registration procedures Severity of Constraint: Licensing and registration procedures Severity of Constraint: Licensing and registration procedures Severity of Constraint: Licensing and registration procedures not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Labour law Severity of Constraint: Labour law Severity of Constraint: Labour law Severity of Constraint: Labour law Severity of Constraint: Labour law not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Labour inspection Severity of Constraint: Labour inspection Severity of Constraint: Labour inspection Severity of Constraint: Labour inspection Severity of Constraint: Labour inspection not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Labour cost Severity of Constraint: Labour cost Severity of Constraint: Labour cost Severity of Constraint: Labour cost Severity of Constraint: Labour cost not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Meeting environmental requirements Severity of Constraint: Meeting environmental requirements Severity of Constraint: Meeting environmental requirements Severity of Constraint: Meeting environmental requirements Severity of Constraint: Meeting environmental requirements not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Finding qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Finding qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Finding qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Finding qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Finding qualified workers not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Retaining qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Retaining qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Retaining qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Retaining qualified workers Severity of Constraint: Retaining qualified workers not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Raw materials availability Severity of Constraint: Raw materials availability Severity of Constraint: Raw materials availability Severity of Constraint: Raw materials availability Severity of Constraint: Raw materials availability not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Raw materials cost Severity of Constraint: Raw materials cost Severity of Constraint: Raw materials cost Severity of Constraint: Raw materials cost Severity of Constraint: Raw materials cost not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Unutilised capacity Severity of Constraint: Unutilised capacity Severity of Constraint: Unutilised capacity Severity of Constraint: Unutilised capacity Severity of Constraint: Unutilised capacity not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Low demand for output Severity of Constraint: Low demand for output Severity of Constraint: Low demand for output Severity of Constraint: Low demand for output Severity of Constraint: Low demand for output not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from micro enterprises (<10) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from micro enterprises (<10) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from micro enterprises (<10) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from micro enterprises (<10) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from micro enterprises (<10) not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from small enterprises (<50) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from small enterprises (<50) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from small enterprises (<50) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from small enterprises (<50) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from small enterprises (<50) not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from large enterprises (50+) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from large enterprises (50+) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from large enterprises (50+) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from large enterprises (50+) Severity of Constraint: Strong domestic competition from large enterprises (50+) not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Strong competition from imports Severity of Constraint: Strong competition from imports Severity of Constraint: Strong competition from imports Severity of Constraint: Strong competition from imports Severity of Constraint: Strong competition from imports not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Financial services Severity of Constraint: Financial services Severity of Constraint: Financial services Severity of Constraint: Financial services Severity of Constraint: Financial services not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Other business support services Severity of Constraint: Other business support services Severity of Constraint: Other business support services Severity of Constraint: Other business support services Severity of Constraint: Other business support services not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Profitability Severity of Constraint: Profitability Severity of Constraint: Profitability Severity of Constraint: Profitability Severity of Constraint: Profitability not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Tax rates Severity of Constraint: Tax rates Severity of Constraint: Tax rates Severity of Constraint: Tax rates Severity of Constraint: Tax rates not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Custom duties Severity of Constraint: Custom duties Severity of Constraint: Custom duties Severity of Constraint: Custom duties Severity of Constraint: Custom duties not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Tax administration Severity of Constraint: Tax administration Severity of Constraint: Tax administration Severity of Constraint: Tax administration Severity of Constraint: Tax administration not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Severity of Constraint: Other Severity of Constraint: Other Severity of Constraint: Other Severity of Constraint: Other Severity of Constraint: Other not severe 1 severe 2 very severe Unutilised capacity (average during last 12 months[%]) Unutilised capacity (average during last 12 months[%]) Unutilised capacity (average during last 12 months[%]) Unutilised capacity (average during last 12 months[%]) Unutilised capacity (average during last 12 months[%]) Financial service most needed: Financial service most needed: Financial service most needed: Financial service most needed: Financial service most needed: 1 credit 2 savings 3 leasing 4 venture capital 5 other Other service most needed: Other service most needed: Other service most needed: Other service most needed: Other service most needed: 1 communication services 2 information (know-how, technology) 3 training of workers 4 production 5 promoting inter-firm linkages 6 domestic marketing 7 importing 8 exporting 9 other Three most important suggestions to improve business: 1st suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 1st suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 1st suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 1st suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 1st suggestion 1 capital, finance support, credit, credit with low interest r 2 Economic stability, decrease of inflation, stability in curr 3 Increase of demand, recovery of domestic market, to find new 4 Increase production, improve technology, improve equipment/ 5 To modernise/enlarge the workplace, increase capacity 6 Tax inspection, change in tax regulations, decrease of taxes 7 Educate personnel, improve service quality 8 Clean politics, political stability, end of corruption 9 Cheap raw material, decrease costs, saving 10 Increase number of varieties, broaden service range 11 Other Three most important suggestions to improve business: 2nd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 2nd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 2nd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 2nd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 2nd suggestion 1 capital, finance support, credit, credit with low interest r 2 Economic stability, decrease of inflation, stability in curr 3 Increase of demand, recovery of domestic market, to find new 4 Increase production, improve technology, improve equipment/ 5 To modernise/enlarge the workplace, increase capacity 6 Tax inspection, change in tax regulations, decrease of taxes 7 Educate personnel, improve service quality 8 Clean politics, political stability, end of corruption 9 Cheap raw material, decrease costs, saving 10 Increase number of varieties, broaden service range 11 Other Three most important suggestions to improve business: 3rd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 3rd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 3rd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 3rd suggestion Three most important suggestions to improve business: 3rd suggestion 1 capital, finance support, credit, credit with low interest r 2 Economic stability, decrease of inflation, stability in curr 3 Increase of demand, recovery of domestic market, to find new 4 Increase production, improve technology, improve equipment/ 5 To modernise/enlarge the workplace, increase capacity 6 Tax inspection, change in tax regulations, decrease of taxes 7 Educate personnel, improve service quality 8 Clean politics, political stability, end of corruption 9 Cheap raw material, decrease costs, saving 10 Increase number of varieties, broaden service range 11 Other Do you know of any woman entrepreneur in this activity? Do you know of any woman entrepreneur in this activity? Do you know of any woman entrepreneur in this activity? Do you know of any woman entrepreneur in this activity? Do you know of any woman entrepreneur in this activity? Do woman entre. have certain advantages in this activity? Do woman entre. have certain advantages in this activity? Do woman entre. have certain advantages in this activity? Do woman entre. have certain advantages in this activity? Do woman entre. have certain advantages in this activity? The most important advantage do woman entre. have in this activity The most important advantage do woman entre. have in this activity The most important advantage do woman entre. have in this activity The most important advantage do woman entre. have in this activity The most important advantage do woman entre. have in this activity 1 more careful, know their job thoroughly 2 they communicate easily 3 being women, attractive, appealing to the customers 4 reliable 5 respectful 6 determined, talented 7 other Do woman entre. face special problems in this activity? Do woman entre. face special problems in this activity? Do woman entre. face special problems in this activity? Do woman entre. face special problems in this activity? Do woman entre. face special problems in this activity? Do woman entre. face problems in: setting up enterprise? Do woman entre. face problems in: setting up enterprise? Do woman entre. face problems in: setting up enterprise? Do woman entre. face problems in: setting up enterprise? Do woman entre. face problems in: setting up enterprise? Do woman entre. face problems in: hiring workers? Do woman entre. face problems in: hiring workers? Do woman entre. face problems in: hiring workers? Do woman entre. face problems in: hiring workers? Do woman entre. face problems in: hiring workers? Do woman entre. face problems in: managing business? Do woman entre. face problems in: managing business? Do woman entre. face problems in: managing business? Do woman entre. face problems in: managing business? Do woman entre. face problems in: managing business? Do woman entre. face problems in: marketing? Do woman entre. face problems in: marketing? Do woman entre. face problems in: marketing? Do woman entre. face problems in: marketing? Do woman entre. face problems in: marketing? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from financial services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from financial services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from financial services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from financial services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from financial services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from other business services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from other business services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from other business services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from other business services? Do woman entre. face problems in: benefiting from other business services? Do woman entre. face problems in: securing contracts? Do woman entre. face problems in: securing contracts? Do woman entre. face problems in: securing contracts? Do woman entre. face problems in: securing contracts? Do woman entre. face problems in: securing contracts? Do woman entre. face problems in: joining business associations? Do woman entre. face problems in: joining business associations? Do woman entre. face problems in: joining business associations? Do woman entre. face problems in: joining business associations? Do woman entre. face problems in: joining business associations? Do woman entre. face problems in: Harassment? Do woman entre. face problems in: Harassment? Do woman entre. face problems in: Harassment? Do woman entre. face problems in: Harassment? Do woman entre. face problems in: Harassment? Do woman entre. face any other problems? Do woman entre. face any other problems? Do woman entre. face any other problems? Do woman entre. face any other problems? Do woman entre. face any other problems? Does woman entre. need permission from household to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from household to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from household to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from household to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from household to be in business? no 1 yes From whom, in household, does woman entre. take permission? From whom, in household, does woman entre. take permission? From whom, in household, does woman entre. take permission? From whom, in household, does woman entre. take permission? From whom, in household, does woman entre. take permission? Does woman entre. need permission from community to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from community to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from community to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from community to be in business? Does woman entre. need permission from community to be in business? no 1 yes From whome, in community, does woman entre. take permission? From whome, in community, does woman entre. take permission? From whome, in community, does woman entre. take permission? From whome, in community, does woman entre. take permission? From whome, in community, does woman entre. take permission? 1 men 2 women 3 both The worst constraints on business activity come from: The worst constraints on business activity come from: The worst constraints on business activity come from: The worst constraints on business activity come from: The worst constraints on business activity come from: 1 household 2 community Does woman entre. Suffer from conflicts between home and work duties? Does woman entre. Suffer from conflicts between home and work duties? Does woman entre. Suffer from conflicts between home and work duties? Does woman entre. Suffer from conflicts between home and work duties? Does woman entre. Suffer from conflicts between home and work duties? no 1 yes Does woman entre. Feel empowered by earnings? Does woman entre. Feel empowered by earnings? Does woman entre. Feel empowered by earnings? Does woman entre. Feel empowered by earnings? Does woman entre. Feel empowered by earnings? no 1 yes Number of Persons Engaged (An interview time) Number of Persons Engaged (An interview time) Number of Persons Engaged (An interview time) Number of Persons Engaged (An interview time) Number of Persons Engaged (An interview time) Area of Economic Unit (An interview time) Area of Economic Unit (An interview time) Area of Economic Unit (An interview time) Area of Economic Unit (An interview time) Area of Economic Unit (An interview time) Value of assets (An interview time) Value of assets (An interview time) Value of assets (An interview time) Value of assets (An interview time) Value of assets (An interview time) Monthly Output[quantity/value](An interview time) Monthly Output[quantity/value](An interview time) Monthly Output[quantity/value](An interview time) Monthly Output[quantity/value](An interview time) Monthly Output[quantity/value](An interview time) Wage bill (An interview time) Wage bill (An interview time) Wage bill (An interview time) Wage bill (An interview time) Wage bill (An interview time) Monthly Energy consumption (An interview time) Monthly Energy consumption (An interview time) Monthly Energy consumption (An interview time) Monthly Energy consumption (An interview time) Monthly Energy consumption (An interview time) Monthly Other expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Other expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Other expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Other expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Other expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Rent (An interview time) Monthly Rent (An interview time) Monthly Rent (An interview time) Monthly Rent (An interview time) Monthly Rent (An interview time) Monthly Value added taxes (An interview time) Monthly Value added taxes (An interview time) Monthly Value added taxes (An interview time) Monthly Value added taxes (An interview time) Monthly Value added taxes (An interview time) Monthly Cost of financial services (An interview time) Monthly Cost of financial services (An interview time) Monthly Cost of financial services (An interview time) Monthly Cost of financial services (An interview time) Monthly Cost of financial services (An interview time) Others expenditures (An interview time) Others expenditures (An interview time) Others expenditures (An interview time) Others expenditures (An interview time) Others expenditures (An interview time) Total other expenditures (An interview time) Total other expenditures (An interview time) Total other expenditures (An interview time) Total other expenditures (An interview time) Total other expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Total expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Total expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Total expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Total expenditures (An interview time) Monthly Total expenditures (An interview time) Number of Persons Engaged (One year ago) Number of Persons Engaged (One year ago) Number of Persons Engaged (One year ago) Number of Persons Engaged (One year ago) Number of Persons Engaged (One year ago) Area of Economic Unit (One year ago) Area of Economic Unit (One year ago) Area of Economic Unit (One year ago) Area of Economic Unit (One year ago) Area of Economic Unit (One year ago) Value of assets (One year ago) Value of assets (One year ago) Value of assets (One year ago) Value of assets (One year ago) Value of assets (One year ago) Monthly Output[quantity/value](One year ago) Monthly Output[quantity/value](One year ago) Monthly Output[quantity/value](One year ago) Monthly Output[quantity/value](One year ago) Monthly Output[quantity/value](One year ago) Wage bill (One year ago) Wage bill (One year ago) Wage bill (One year ago) Wage bill (One year ago) Wage bill (One year ago) Monthly Energy consumption (One year ago) Monthly Energy consumption (One year ago) Monthly Energy consumption (One year ago) Monthly Energy consumption (One year ago) Monthly Energy consumption (One year ago) Monthly Other expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Other expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Other expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Other expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Other expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Rent (One year ago) Monthly Rent (One year ago) Monthly Rent (One year ago) Monthly Rent (One year ago) Monthly Rent (One year ago) Monthly Value added taxes (One year ago) Monthly Value added taxes (One year ago) Monthly Value added taxes (One year ago) Monthly Value added taxes (One year ago) Monthly Value added taxes (One year ago) Monthly Cost of financial services (One year ago) Monthly Cost of financial services (One year ago) Monthly Cost of financial services (One year ago) Monthly Cost of financial services (One year ago) Monthly Cost of financial services (One year ago) Others expenditures (One year ago) Others expenditures (One year ago) Others expenditures (One year ago) Others expenditures (One year ago) Others expenditures (One year ago) Total other expenditures (One year ago) Total other expenditures (One year ago) Total other expenditures (One year ago) Total other expenditures (One year ago) Total other expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Total expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Total expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Total expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Total expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Total expenditures (One year ago) Monthly Total sales-revenues(An interview time) Monthly Total sales-revenues(An interview time) Monthly Total sales-revenues(An interview time) Monthly Total sales-revenues(An interview time) Monthly Total sales-revenues(An interview time) Of which, exports (An interview time) Of which, exports (An interview time) Of which, exports (An interview time) Of which, exports (An interview time) Of which, exports (An interview time) Added new products preceding year? (An interview time) Added new products preceding year? (An interview time) Added new products preceding year? (An interview time) Added new products preceding year? (An interview time) Added new products preceding year? (An interview time) no 1 yes Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (An interview time) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (An interview time) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (An interview time) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (An interview time) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (An interview time) Monthly Total sales-revenues(One year ago) Monthly Total sales-revenues(One year ago) Monthly Total sales-revenues(One year ago) Monthly Total sales-revenues(One year ago) Monthly Total sales-revenues(One year ago) Of which, exports (One year ago) Of which, exports (One year ago) Of which, exports (One year ago) Of which, exports (One year ago) Of which, exports (One year ago) Added new products preceding year? (One year ago) Added new products preceding year? (One year ago) Added new products preceding year? (One year ago) Added new products preceding year? (One year ago) Added new products preceding year? (One year ago) no 1 yes Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (One year ago) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (One year ago) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (One year ago) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (One year ago) Value of new assets acquired during preceding year (One year ago) Intends to stay in present activity? Intends to stay in present activity? Intends to stay in present activity? Intends to stay in present activity? Intends to stay in present activity? no 1 yes 8 don't know Employment (during next year) Employment (during next year) Employment (during next year) Employment (during next year) Employment (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Area of economic unit (during next year) Area of economic unit (during next year) Area of economic unit (during next year) Area of economic unit (during next year) Area of economic unit (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Output (during next year) Output (during next year) Output (during next year) Output (during next year) Output (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Assets (during next year) Assets (during next year) Assets (during next year) Assets (during next year) Assets (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Acquisition of modern technology (during next year) Acquisition of modern technology (during next year) Acquisition of modern technology (during next year) Acquisition of modern technology (during next year) Acquisition of modern technology (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Revenues (during next year) Revenues (during next year) Revenues (during next year) Revenues (during next year) Revenues (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Domestic sales (during next year) Domestic sales (during next year) Domestic sales (during next year) Domestic sales (during next year) Domestic sales (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Exports (during next year) Exports (during next year) Exports (during next year) Exports (during next year) Exports (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. Adding new products (during next year) Adding new products (during next year) Adding new products (during next year) Adding new products (during next year) Adding new products (during next year) 1 Contraction 2 Stable 3 Growth 4 D.K. No. of Female Employees, Ages <15 No. of Female Employees, Ages <15 No. of Female Employees, Ages <15 No. of Female Employees, Ages <15 No. of Female Employees, Ages <15 No. of Female Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Female Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Female Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Female Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Female Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Female Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Female Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Female Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Female Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Female Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Female Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Female Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Female Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Female Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Female Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Total Female Employees (all ages) No. of Total Female Employees (all ages) No. of Total Female Employees (all ages) No. of Total Female Employees (all ages) No. of Total Female Employees (all ages) No. of Male Employees, Ages <15 No. of Male Employees, Ages <15 No. of Male Employees, Ages <15 No. of Male Employees, Ages <15 No. of Male Employees, Ages <15 No. of Male Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Male Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Male Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Male Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Male Employees, Ages 15-24 No. of Male Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Male Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Male Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Male Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Male Employees, Ages 25-59 No. of Male Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Male Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Male Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Male Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Male Employees, Ages 60+ No. of Total Male Employees (all ages) No. of Total Male Employees (all ages) No. of Total Male Employees (all ages) No. of Total Male Employees (all ages) No. of Total Male Employees (all ages) No. of Permanent Female Employees No. of Permanent Female Employees No. of Permanent Female Employees No. of Permanent Female Employees No. of Permanent Female Employees No. of Temporary Female Employees No. of Temporary Female Employees No. of Temporary Female Employees No. of Temporary Female Employees No. of Temporary Female Employees No. of Casual Female Employees No. of Casual Female Employees No. of Casual Female Employees No. of Casual Female Employees No. of Casual Female Employees No. of Permanent Male Employees No. of Permanent Male Employees No. of Permanent Male Employees No. of Permanent Male Employees No. of Permanent Male Employees No. of Temporary Male Employees No. of Temporary Male Employees No. of Temporary Male Employees No. of Temporary Male Employees No. of Temporary Male Employees No. of Casual Male Employees No. of Casual Male Employees No. of Casual Male Employees No. of Casual Male Employees No. of Casual Male Employees No. of National Female Employees No. of National Female Employees No. of National Female Employees No. of National Female Employees No. of National Female Employees No. of Non-national Female Employees No. of Non-national Female Employees No. of Non-national Female Employees No. of Non-national Female Employees No. of Non-national Female Employees No. of National Male Employees No. of National Male Employees No. of National Male Employees No. of National Male Employees No. of National Male Employees No. of Non-national Male Employees No. of Non-national Male Employees No. of Non-national Male Employees No. of Non-national Male Employees No. of Non-national Male Employees Skilled Female Employees: Number Skilled Female Employees: Number Skilled Female Employees: Number Skilled Female Employees: Number Skilled Female Employees: Number Semi-skilled Female Employees: Number Semi-skilled Female Employees: Number Semi-skilled Female Employees: Number Semi-skilled Female Employees: Number Semi-skilled Female Employees: Number Unskilled Female Employees: Number Unskilled Female Employees: Number Unskilled Female Employees: Number Unskilled Female Employees: Number Unskilled Female Employees: Number Apprentices Female Employees: Number Apprentices Female Employees: Number Apprentices Female Employees: Number Apprentices Female Employees: Number Apprentices Female Employees: Number Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Number Skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Female Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Female Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Female Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Female Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Female Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Female Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Female Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Female Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Female Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Female Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Female Employees: Wage rate Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Skilled Female Employees: Time Period Skilled Female Employees: Time Period Skilled Female Employees: Time Period Skilled Female Employees: Time Period Skilled Female Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Female Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Female Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Female Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Female Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Female Employees: Time Period Unskilled Female Employees: Time Period Unskilled Female Employees: Time Period Unskilled Female Employees: Time Period Unskilled Female Employees: Time Period Unskilled Female Employees: Time Period Apprentices Female Employees: Time Period Apprentices Female Employees: Time Period Apprentices Female Employees: Time Period Apprentices Female Employees: Time Period Apprentices Female Employees: Time Period Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Female Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Skilled Male Employees: Number Skilled Male Employees: Number Skilled Male Employees: Number Skilled Male Employees: Number Skilled Male Employees: Number Semi-skilled Male Employees: Number Semi-skilled Male Employees: Number Semi-skilled Male Employees: Number Semi-skilled Male Employees: Number Semi-skilled Male Employees: Number Unskilled Male Employees: Number Unskilled Male Employees: Number Unskilled Male Employees: Number Unskilled Male Employees: Number Unskilled Male Employees: Number Apprentices Male Employees: Number Apprentices Male Employees: Number Apprentices Male Employees: Number Apprentices Male Employees: Number Apprentices Male Employees: Number Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Number Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Number Skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Semi-skilled Male Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Male Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Male Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Male Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Male Employees: Wage rate Unskilled Male Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Male Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Male Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Male Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Male Employees: Wage rate Apprentices Male Employees: Wage rate Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Wage rate Skilled Male Employees: Time Period Skilled Male Employees: Time Period Skilled Male Employees: Time Period Skilled Male Employees: Time Period Skilled Male Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Male Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Male Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Male Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Male Employees: Time Period Semi-skilled Male Employees: Time Period Unskilled Male Employees: Time Period Unskilled Male Employees: Time Period Unskilled Male Employees: Time Period Unskilled Male Employees: Time Period Unskilled Male Employees: Time Period Apprentices Male Employees: Time Period Apprentices Male Employees: Time Period Apprentices Male Employees: Time Period Apprentices Male Employees: Time Period Apprentices Male Employees: Time Period Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Total Male Employees (all skill levels): Time Period Most important recruitment for Skilled workers Most important recruitment for Skilled workers Most important recruitment for Skilled workers Most important recruitment for Skilled workers Most important recruitment for Skilled workers 1 age 2 sex 3 skill 4 character-ethical qualities 5 family 6 other relatives 7 neighbours 8 birth place friends 9 apprenticeship colleagues 10 other Most important recruitment for Unskilled workers Most important recruitment for Unskilled workers Most important recruitment for Unskilled workers Most important recruitment for Unskilled workers Most important recruitment for Unskilled workers 1 age 2 sex 3 character-ethical qualities 4 family 5 other relatives 6 neighbours 7 birth place friends 8 apprenticeship colleagues 9 other No. of related workers No. of related workers No. of related workers No. of related workers No. of related workers No. of non-related workers No. of non-related workers No. of non-related workers No. of non-related workers No. of non-related workers No. of total workers (related to entrep. or not) No. of total workers (related to entrep. or not) No. of total workers (related to entrep. or not) No. of total workers (related to entrep. or not) No. of total workers (related to entrep. or not) No. of workers had training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had not training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had not training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had not training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had not training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers had not training-apprenticeship experience No. of workers have written contract No. of workers have written contract No. of workers have written contract No. of workers have written contract No. of workers have written contract No. of workers have not written contract No. of workers have not written contract No. of workers have not written contract No. of workers have not written contract No. of workers have not written contract No. of workers have social security No. of workers have social security No. of workers have social security No. of workers have social security No. of workers have social security No. of workers have not social security No. of workers have not social security No. of workers have not social security No. of workers have not social security No. of workers have not social security No. of workers have health care No. of workers have health care No. of workers have health care No. of workers have health care No. of workers have health care No. of workers have not health care No. of workers have not health care No. of workers have not health care No. of workers have not health care No. of workers have not health care No. of workers have paid vacations No. of workers have paid vacations No. of workers have paid vacations No. of workers have paid vacations No. of workers have paid vacations No. of workers have not paid vacations No. of workers have not paid vacations No. of workers have not paid vacations No. of workers have not paid vacations No. of workers have not paid vacations Fringe benefit available to workers: Food? Fringe benefit available to workers: Food? Fringe benefit available to workers: Food? Fringe benefit available to workers: Food? Fringe benefit available to workers: Food? no 1 yes Fringe benefit available to workers: Lodging? Fringe benefit available to workers: Lodging? Fringe benefit available to workers: Lodging? Fringe benefit available to workers: Lodging? Fringe benefit available to workers: Lodging? no 1 yes Fringe benefit available to workers: Transport? Fringe benefit available to workers: Transport? Fringe benefit available to workers: Transport? Fringe benefit available to workers: Transport? Fringe benefit available to workers: Transport? no 1 yes Fringe benefit available to workers: Clothes? Fringe benefit available to workers: Clothes? Fringe benefit available to workers: Clothes? Fringe benefit available to workers: Clothes? Fringe benefit available to workers: Clothes? no 1 yes Fringe benefit available to workers: Allowance for children's education? Fringe benefit available to workers: Allowance for children's education? Fringe benefit available to workers: Allowance for children's education? Fringe benefit available to workers: Allowance for children's education? Fringe benefit available to workers: Allowance for children's education? no 1 yes Fringe benefit available to workers: Cash payments on special occasions? Fringe benefit available to workers: Cash payments on special occasions? Fringe benefit available to workers: Cash payments on special occasions? Fringe benefit available to workers: Cash payments on special occasions? Fringe benefit available to workers: Cash payments on special occasions? no 1 yes Fringe benefit available to workers: Other? Fringe benefit available to workers: Other? Fringe benefit available to workers: Other? Fringe benefit available to workers: Other? Fringe benefit available to workers: Other? no 1 yes Total cost of Food benefit(last month)? Total cost of Food benefit(last month)? Total cost of Food benefit(last month)? Total cost of Food benefit(last month)? Total cost of Food benefit(last month)? Total cost of Lodging benefit(last month)? Total cost of Lodging benefit(last month)? Total cost of Lodging benefit(last month)? Total cost of Lodging benefit(last month)? Total cost of Lodging benefit(last month)? Total cost of Transport benefit(last month)? Total cost of Transport benefit(last month)? Total cost of Transport benefit(last month)? Total cost of Transport benefit(last month)? Total cost of Transport benefit(last month)? Total cost of Clothes benefit(last month)? Total cost of Clothes benefit(last month)? Total cost of Clothes benefit(last month)? Total cost of Clothes benefit(last month)? Total cost of Clothes benefit(last month)? Total cost of Allowance for children's education benefit(last month)? Total cost of Allowance for children's education benefit(last month)? Total cost of Allowance for children's education benefit(last month)? Total cost of Allowance for children's education benefit(last month)? Total cost of Allowance for children's education benefit(last month)? Total cost of Cash payments on special occasions benefit(last month)? Total cost of Cash payments on special occasions benefit(last month)? Total cost of Cash payments on special occasions benefit(last month)? Total cost of Cash payments on special occasions benefit(last month)? Total cost of Cash payments on special occasions benefit(last month)? Total cost of Other benefits(last month)? Total cost of Other benefits(last month)? Total cost of Other benefits(last month)? Total cost of Other benefits(last month)? Total cost of Other benefits(last month)? Work is save? Work is save? Work is save? Work is save? Work is save? no 1 yes Work is Comfortable? Work is Comfortable? Work is Comfortable? Work is Comfortable? Work is Comfortable? no 1 yes Accidents likely to happen? Accidents likely to happen? Accidents likely to happen? Accidents likely to happen? Accidents likely to happen? no 1 yes How often accidents happen? How often accidents happen? How often accidents happen? How often accidents happen? How often accidents happen? 1 Daily 2 One a week 3 Less often Accidents lead to injury? Accidents lead to injury? Accidents lead to injury? Accidents lead to injury? Accidents lead to injury? no 1 yes First aid arrangements adequate? First aid arrangements adequate? First aid arrangements adequate? First aid arrangements adequate? First aid arrangements adequate? no 1 yes sample area sample area sample area sample area sample area serial number serial number serial number serial number serial number enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise identification enterprise enterprise enterprise enterprise enterprise serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down 1 finance 2 management 3 market 4 other number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down 1 finance 2 management 3 market 4 other number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down 1 finance 2 management 3 market 4 other number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster serial number of member in household roster relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head relationship to household head head 1 husband/wife 2 son/daughter 3 son/daughter in law 4 grandchildren 5 brother/sister 6 brother/sister in law 7 father/mother 8 other relatives 9 visitor/servant main activity main activity main activity main activity main activity when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when it started? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? when closed? reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down reason for closing down 1 finance 2 management 3 market 4 other number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down number of workers when closed down hh average monthly expenditures: total hh average monthly expenditures: total hh average monthly expenditures: total hh average monthly expenditures: total hh average monthly expenditures: total hh average monthly expenditures: on food hh average monthly expenditures: on food hh average monthly expenditures: on food hh average monthly expenditures: on food hh average monthly expenditures: on food hh average monthly expenditures: on electricity consumption hh average monthly expenditures: on electricity consumption hh average monthly expenditures: on electricity consumption hh average monthly expenditures: on electricity consumption hh average monthly expenditures: on electricity consumption household in-debt? household in-debt? household in-debt? household in-debt? household in-debt? no 1 yes amount amount amount amount amount source of debt source of debt source of debt source of debt source of debt 1 own family 2 other relatives 3 friends 4 neighbours 5 birth place friends 6 business colleagues 7 bank 8 credit card compny 9 other enterprise related debt? enterprise related debt? enterprise related debt? enterprise related debt? enterprise related debt? no 1 yes hh average monthly income: wages and salaries hh average monthly income: wages and salaries hh average monthly income: wages and salaries hh average monthly income: wages and salaries hh average monthly income: wages and salaries hh average monthly income: agriculture- cash hh average monthly income: agriculture- cash hh average monthly income: agriculture- cash hh average monthly income: agriculture- cash hh average monthly income: agriculture- cash hh average monthly income: agriculture- in kind hh average monthly income: agriculture- in kind hh average monthly income: agriculture- in kind hh average monthly income: agriculture- in kind hh average monthly income: agriculture- in kind hh average monthly income: business revenues from MSEs hh average monthly income: business revenues from MSEs hh average monthly income: business revenues from MSEs hh average monthly income: business revenues from MSEs hh average monthly income: business revenues from MSEs hh average monthly income: other business revenues hh average monthly income: other business revenues hh average monthly income: other business revenues hh average monthly income: other business revenues hh average monthly income: other business revenues hh average monthly income: returns to financial assets hh average monthly income: returns to financial assets hh average monthly income: returns to financial assets hh average monthly income: returns to financial assets hh average monthly income: returns to financial assets hh average monthly income: returns on other capital assets hh average monthly income: returns on other capital assets hh average monthly income: returns on other capital assets hh average monthly income: returns on other capital assets hh average monthly income: returns on other capital assets hh average monthly income: remittances hh average monthly income: remittances hh average monthly income: remittances hh average monthly income: remittances hh average monthly income: remittances hh average monthly income: other public transfers hh average monthly income: other public transfers hh average monthly income: other public transfers hh average monthly income: other public transfers hh average monthly income: other public transfers hh average monthly income: other private transfers hh average monthly income: other private transfers hh average monthly income: other private transfers hh average monthly income: other private transfers hh average monthly income: other private transfers hh average monthly income: other hh average monthly income: other hh average monthly income: other hh average monthly income: other hh average monthly income: other hh average monthly income: total hh average monthly income: total hh average monthly income: total hh average monthly income: total hh average monthly income: total ownership of consumer durable: telephone ownership of consumer durable: telephone ownership of consumer durable: telephone ownership of consumer durable: telephone ownership of consumer durable: telephone doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: private motor vehicle ownership of consumer durable: private motor vehicle ownership of consumer durable: private motor vehicle ownership of consumer durable: private motor vehicle ownership of consumer durable: private motor vehicle doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: air conditioner ownership of consumer durable: air conditioner ownership of consumer durable: air conditioner ownership of consumer durable: air conditioner ownership of consumer durable: air conditioner doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: refrigerator ownership of consumer durable: refrigerator ownership of consumer durable: refrigerator ownership of consumer durable: refrigerator ownership of consumer durable: refrigerator doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: washing machine ownership of consumer durable: washing machine ownership of consumer durable: washing machine ownership of consumer durable: washing machine ownership of consumer durable: washing machine doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: sewing machine ownership of consumer durable: sewing machine ownership of consumer durable: sewing machine ownership of consumer durable: sewing machine ownership of consumer durable: sewing machine doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: dishwasher ownership of consumer durable: dishwasher ownership of consumer durable: dishwasher ownership of consumer durable: dishwasher ownership of consumer durable: dishwasher doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: computer ownership of consumer durable: computer ownership of consumer durable: computer ownership of consumer durable: computer ownership of consumer durable: computer doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one ownership of consumer durable: cellular phone ownership of consumer durable: cellular phone ownership of consumer durable: cellular phone ownership of consumer durable: cellular phone ownership of consumer durable: cellular phone doesn't own 1 one 2 more than one number of rooms number of rooms number of rooms number of rooms number of rooms ownership of housing unit ownership of housing unit ownership of housing unit ownership of housing unit ownership of housing unit 1 owned 2 rented 3 squatter 4 other