DDI_NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M Ananda Raj Aryal Accelerated Data Program 2010-11-26 NADA Version 1.0 - Central Bureau of Statistics - Original documentation of the study. Version 2.0 - Edited version by ADP based on Version 1.0 of CBS downloaded from http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on 24 April 2013. Survey on Hard Drug Users 2006-2007 SHDU 2006-07 NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M Central Bureau of Statistics NADA Ministry of Home Affairs Publication, Distribution and Library Section Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems] Version 01: Edited dataset for public distribution social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] Drug abuse has become multi-dimensional problem in Nepal and drug control, a challenge for the government. Lack of reliable information on size and characteristics of drug users was the bottleneck in formulating effective plans/programs and implementation as well. Considering these facts, the Central Bureau of Statistics upon the request of the Ministry of Home Affairs conducted a survey on hard drug users in Nepal in 2006/07. The main objective of the survey was to estimate the total number of hard drug users in Nepal. The secondary objective was to generate information on the characteristics of drug users, such as: age, sex, education, age at first intake, frequency/duration of drug use, expenses made on drug etc. Nepal National It is assumed that hard drugs are supplied or available mostly in urban areas and so, urban areas and the vicinity are affected most. Also it is assumed that substance users from rural area, who became dependent, live and wander in urban area and vicinity. However, those who live on medical drugs only and live in rural area may have been out of the survey coverage. So, the survey covered 17 municipalities of the five development regions. Among those municipalities, rehabilitation centres were being operated in 12 municipalities. There was no rehabilitation centre found in rest of the 5 municipalities. National Individual All the drug users under treatment in any of the rehabilitation center are taken into account of this survey. Other 100 current hard drug users from each spot are also taken into account. Sample survey data [ssd] Men and Women using hard drugs: Age patterns of drug users, Age at first drug intake, Number of years drug intake, Frequency of drug intake per day, Cost for a single dose, Currently attending school/campuses, Occupational status, Educational status, Marital status, Types of drug ever used, Reasons for drug intake, Sources of drug, Injecting Drug Users (IDUs), Rehabilitation Centre visit, Voice of drug users. Central Bureau of Statistics Usual survey methodology (general household/population survey) is not recommended to estimate the prevalence of hard-to-reach hidden population such as hard drug users, commercial sex workers, homeless people, etc. for some reasons. Sampling frame is not usually available and also very difficult or impossible to construct. Due to the low prevalence rate as compared to the total population, it may require larger sample size and relatively more resources. More importantly, respondents may not be willing to respond because of the sensitivity of the topic itself. An alternative approach of estimation technique has to be used to get the most reliable picture of the real situation. For this, we have selected the Multiplier Method of indirect estimation technique. The multiplier method has two elements in common: the benchmark and the multiplier. The benchmark (B) is the data source that captures the number of hard drug users who are under treatment in the rehabilitation centers in the reference year. The multiplier (M) is an estimate of the proportion of current hard drug users who have experienced the event recorded by the benchmark, i.e. the proportion of such drug users who have been in treatment in the rehabilitation centers in the reference period. This information is obtained independently of the benchmark data. The inverse of that proportion is the multiplier (M), which is an indirect estimate of the proportion of the total population of the hard drug users represented in the benchmark data. The prevalence is calculated by multiplying the benchmark by the multiplier (B x M). Hence, N = B x M = B x (1/p) where, N is the total number of hard drug users, p is the proportion of the hard drug users who have visited the rehabilitation centers in the reference period. Sample size: In each of the selected area, sample size for the interview with current hard drug users were fixed at 100 respondents. This number is derived with following assumptions: Estimated proportion of drug users visiting rehabilitation centers = 7% Margin of error in estimation = 5% and Level of confidence = 95% The total achieved sample size was 1319. Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire for the Hard Drug Users Survey was a structured questionnaire. It includes some demographic characteristics as well as some individual characteristics like sex, age, relationship and other status. For the benchmark data, complete listing of all hard drug users under treatment in all rehabilitation centres operated in Nepal within the reference period were collected. For the multiplier data, current hard drug users were sampled and interviewed from each of the selected spots within the selected areas. With the help of the outreach workers of the rehabilitation centres, it was possible to reach the current hard drug users in the spot and interviewed. Date of collection was according to Nepali calendar. Interview was conducted by a team of interviewers (all were experienced CBS central staff). Supervision has been performed by CBS central officers to control the quality of the fieldwork. Sample weights were calculated for each of study area. The weight was calculated as the ratio of drug users captured in the rehabilitation centre in the past year to rehabilitation visit rate i.e. number of drug users taken as numerator and rehabilitation centre visit rate taken as denominator. In the HDUS 2006/07 dataset, the weighting coefficient is called WEIGHT. Data editing was done at a various stages throughout the processing. That included office editing and coding, and structural checking of SPSS data files. 100 percent Since response rate was 100 percent and non-sampling errors were manged well, no any other action taken to access reliability of the data. Confidentiality of the respondents is guaranteed by Article 8 of Statistics Act 1958. Restriction on publication of information and details Any information or details relating to any person, family, firm or company, which have been supplied, obtained or prepared pursuant to Section 3 or Section 4 or Section 5 or Section 6 or Section 7 or any part of such information or details, shall not be disclosed or published directly except to the Director General or to any other officer of the Bureau without the written permission of the person or of his or her authorized representative supplying such information or details. For the purpose of institution of any suit under this Act, nothing mentioned in Sub-section (1) shall be deemed to bar the production of such information before any court. Director General Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the Identification of the Primary Investigator - the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation) - the survey reference number - the source and date of download Example: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. Hard Drug Users Survey 2006/07. Ref. NPL_2006_SHDU_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://cbs.gov.np/nada/index.php/catalog on [date]. The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all users for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions: 1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Central Bureau of Statistics. 2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. 3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CBS. 4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the CBS or among data from the CBS and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations. 5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the CBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset. 6. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the CBS. The Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal bears no responsibility for any outcomes or for interpretations or inferences arising from the use of the dataset. HDUS in Nepal 2006 The file contains data related to estimate the total number of hard drug users in Nepal and generate information on the characteristics of drug users, such as: age, sex, education, age at first intake, frequency/duration of drug use, expenses made on drug, etc. 0 49 Questionaire ID Questionaire ID Questionaire ID Questionaire ID Questionaire ID Questionaire ID Person who intakes opiates and chemical substances like Cocaine, Heroin, LSD, Morphine, Buprenorphine etc. is defined as hard drug users in this survey. Similarly, those who inhale adhesive substances like dendrite and other polishing substances are also considered as hard drug users. Those who consume only marijuana and alcohol are not considered as hard drug users. But, if a person consumes marijuana or alcohol with one of the other hard drugs as mentioned above, then he/she is considered as hard drug user. Caste/Ethnicity Caste/Ethnicity Caste/Ethnicity Caste/Ethnicity Caste/Ethnicity Caste/Ethnicity All hard drug users 1 Gurung 2 Newar 3 Magar 4 Sherpa 5 Chhetri 6 Rai 7 Sunar 8 Tamang 9 Brahmin 10 Limbu 11 Pariyar/Harijan/Rajak 12 Lama 13 Thakali 14 Biswokarma 15 Musalim 16 Baniya/Majhi 18 Chaudhari 19 Rajbansi 20 Sarki 21 Giri 22 Shikh 23 Bhujel 24 Shob 25 Gupta 26 Kurmi 27 Mairiya 28 Kahar 29 Peshi 30 Paswan 31 Kori 32 Kanu 33 Yadav 34 Kumal 35 Behana 36 Dhhapali 37 Kallu 38 Mandal 39 Dhimal 40 Thakur 41 Nuniya 42 Badi 43 Rajput 44 Kamat 45 Mukhiya 46 Tatma 47 Jujar 48 Marwadi 49 Bangali 50 Baspur 51 Loniya 52 Mallik District District District District District District All hard drug users 1 Lalitpur 2 Kaski 3 Kathmandu 4 Parsa 5 Sunsari 6 Rupandehi 7 Kavre 8 Kapilbastu 9 Makwanpur 10 Nuwakot 11 Kavre 12 Sarlahi 13 Tanahu 14 Dhading 15 Jhapa 16 Chitwan 17 Ramechap 18 Morang 19 Illam 20 Bara 21 Rautahat 22 Dhanusa 23 Nawalparasi 24 Udayapur 25 Sindhuli 26 Taplejung 27 Saptari 28 Bhaktapur 29 Kailali 30 Banke 31 Kanchanpur Place of residence Place of residence Place of residence Place of residence Place of residence Place of residence All hard drug users 1 Urban 2 Rural Age Age Age Age Age Age All hard drug users Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex Sex All hard drug users 1 Male 2 Female Occupation Occupation Occupation Occupation Occupation Occupation All hard drug users 1 None 2 Painter 3 Driver/Khalasi 4 Student 5 Wage earner 6 Hotel employee 7 Business 8 Agriculture 9 Service 10 Rikshwa driver 11 Technicians 12 Khate/Kawadi 13 Murti Maker Marital status Marital status Marital status Marital status Marital status Marital status All hard drug users 1 Single 2 Married 3 Separated 4 Divorced 5 Others Educational status Educational status Educational status Educational status Educational status Highest level of educational attainment If illiterate or informal education => q10 All drug users Illiterate 11 SLC 12 IA & equivalent 13 BA & equivalent 14 MA & equivalent 88 Missing 99 Informal education Currently attending school/campus Currently attending school/campus Currently attending school/campus Currently attending school/campus Currently attending school/campus Are you currently attending school/campus? All literate hard drug users or q10 not equal to 0. 1 Yes 2 No Type of family Type of family Type of family Type of family Type of family What is the type of your family (Nucleus or Joint)? All drug users 1 Single 2 Joint Number of brothers Number of brothers Number of brothers Number of brothers Number of brothers How many brothers/sisters do you have including yourself? All drug users Number of sisters Number of sisters Number of sisters Number of sisters Number of sisters How many brothers/sisters do you have including yourself? All drug users Whom living with Whom living with Whom living with Whom living with Whom living with To whom are you living with All drug users 1 Both parents 2 Mother only 3 Father only 4 Father & step mother 5 Mother $ step father 6 Other relatives 7 Alone/Friends Type of drug used, drug 1 Type of drug used, drug 1 Type of drug used, drug 1 Type of drug used, drug 1 Type of drug used, drug 1 Types of drugs used All drug users 1 Ganja 2 Charesh 3 Opium 4 Brown sugar 5 White sugar 6 Norphin 7 TD jesic 8 Tablets 9 Proxyvon 10 Dendrite Type of drug used, drug 2 Type of drug used, drug 2 Type of drug used, drug 2 Type of drug used, drug 2 Type of drug used, drug 2 Types of drugs used All drug users 1 Ganja 2 Charesh 3 Opium 4 Brown sugar 5 White sugar 6 Norphin 7 TD jesic 8 Tablets 9 Proxyvon 10 Dendrite Type of drug used, drug 3 Type of drug used, drug 3 Type of drug used, drug 3 Type of drug used, drug 3 Type of drug used, drug 3 Types of drugs used All drug users 1 Ganja 2 Charesh 3 Opium 4 Brown sugar 5 White sugar 6 Norphin 7 TD jesic 8 Tablets 9 Proxyvon 10 Dendrite Type of drug used, drug 4 Type of drug used, drug 4 Type of drug used, drug 4 Type of drug used, drug 4 Type of drug used, drug 4 Types of drug used All drug users 1 Ganja 2 Charesh 3 Opium 4 Brown sugar 5 White sugar 6 Norphin 7 TD jesic 8 Tablets 9 Proxyvon 10 Dendrite Type of drug used, drug 5 Type of drug used, drug 5 Type of drug used, drug 5 Type of drug used, drug 5 Type of drug used, drug 5 Types of drugs used All drug users 1 Ganja 2 Charesh 3 Opium 4 Brown sugar 5 White sugar 6 Norphin 7 TD jesic 8 Tablets 9 Proxyvon 10 Dendrite How drugs is obtained, method 1 How drugs is obtained, method 1 How drugs is obtained, method 1 How drugs is obtained, method 1 How drugs is obtained, method 1 How do you get drugs? All drug users 1 Through friends 2 Mobile drug seller 3 Medical store 4 Others 5 Sunali India 6 Paint shop 7 Gaurifanta, India 8 Rupaidiya, India 9 India Border How drugs is obtained, method 2 How drugs is obtained, method 2 How drugs is obtained, method 2 How drugs is obtained, method 2 How drugs is obtained, method 2 How do you get drugs? All drug users 1 Through friends 2 Mobile drug seller 3 Medical store 4 Others 5 Sunali India 6 Paint shop 7 Gaurifanta, India 8 Rupaidiya, India 9 India Border How drugs is obtained, method 3 How drugs is obtained, method 3 How drugs is obtained, method 3 How drugs is obtained, method 3 How drugs is obtained, method 3 How do you get drugs? All drug users 1 Through friends 2 Mobile drug seller 3 Medical store 4 Others 5 Sunali India 6 Paint shop 7 Gaurifanta, India 8 Rupaidiya, India 9 India Border Use of injection Use of injection Use of injection Use of injection Use of injection Do you intake drugs through injection also? 2 [No] => q17 All drug users 1 Yes 2 No Exchange of needles among friends Exchange of needles among friends Exchange of needles among friends Exchange of needles among friends Exchange of needles among friends Do you exchange needles among your friends? All drug users who intake drug by injection or q15=2 1 Yes 2 No Number of drug intake Number of drug intake Number of drug intake Number of drug intake Number of drug intake How many times you take drugs in a day? All drug users Cost of single dose Cost of single dose Cost of single dose Cost of single dose Cost of single dose How much do you pay for a single dose? All drug users Single or poly user Single or poly user Single or poly user Single or poly user Single or poly user Are you a single or poly user? All drug users 1 Single 2 Poly Age at the first time of taking drugs Age at the first time of taking drugs Age at the first time of taking drugs Age at the first time of taking drugs Age at the first time of taking drugs What is your age at the first time you took drugs? All drug users Total number of years taking drugs Total number of years taking drugs Total number of years taking drugs Total number of years taking drugs Total number of years taking drugs How many years you have been taking drugs? All drug users Reason for intake of drugs, reason 1 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 1 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 1 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 1 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 1 Why you started to take drugs? All drug users 1 Curiosity 2 Peer pressure 3 Study problem 4 Family problem 5 Fun 6 To be distinct from others 7 Because of husband 8 Love tragedy 9 Not getting employment 10 Because of father Reason for intake of drugs, reason 2 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 2 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 2 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 2 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 2 Why you started to take drugs? All drug users 1 Curiosity 2 Peer pressure 3 Study problem 4 Family problem 5 Fun 6 To be distinct from others 7 Because of husband 8 Love tragedy 9 Not getting employment 10 Because of father Reason for intake of drugs, reason 3 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 3 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 3 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 3 Reason for intake of drugs, reason 3 Why you started to take drugs? All drug users 1 Curiosity 2 Peer pressure 3 Study problem 4 Family problem 5 Fun 6 To be distinct from others 7 Because of husband 8 Love tragedy 9 Not getting employment 10 Because of father Other member in the family also taking drugs Other member in the family also taking drugs Other member in the family also taking drugs Other member in the family also taking drugs Other member in the family also taking drugs Is there any other member in your family who is also taking drugs? All drug users 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know Ever tried to stop drug taking habit Ever tried to stop drug taking habit Ever tried to stop drug taking habit Ever tried to stop drug taking habit Ever tried to stop drug taking habit Did you ever tried to stop drug taking habit? All drug users 1 Yes 2 No Ever visited rehabilitation centre Ever visited rehabilitation centre Ever visited rehabilitation centre Ever visited rehabilitation centre Ever visited rehabilitation centre Have you ever visited any rehabilitation centers? 2 [No] => q30 All drug users 1 Yes 2 No Number of times ever visited rehabilitation centres Number of times ever visited rehabilitation centres Number of times ever visited rehabilitation centres Number of times ever visited rehabilitation centres Number of times ever visited rehabilitation centres If yes, how many times you have ever visited the rehabilitation centers? All drug users who have been ever treated in rehabilitation center or q25=1 Visit of any rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Visit of any rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Visit of any rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Visit of any rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Visit of any rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Have you visited any rehabilitation centers in last 12 months? 2 [No] => q30 All drug users who have been ever treated in rehabilitation center 1 Yes 2 No Number of times of visit rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Number of times of visit rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Number of times of visit rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Number of times of visit rehabilitation centres in last 12 months Number of times of visit rehabilitation centres in last 12 months If yes, how many times you have visited the rehabilitation centers in last 12 months? All drug users who have been ever treated in rehabilitation center and have sought treatment from rehabilitation center within a year or q27=1 Rehabilitation centre where treatment was taken Rehabilitation centre where treatment was taken Rehabilitation centre where treatment was taken Rehabilitation centre where treatment was taken Rehabilitation centre where treatment was taken Where did you go for treatment? All hard drug users 1 Naulo Ghumti Pokhara 2 Richmond Pokhara 3 Manish Care Foundation Pokhara 4 Serine Foundation Pokhara 5 Dharan Punarjanma Kendra 6 Youth Vision Kathmandu 7 Youth Vision Bhairahawa 8 Saharaha Butwal 9 Lumbini Treatment Center 10 Aashara Sudhar Kendra 11 Richmond Fellowship Female 12 Sangati RC, Manbhawan 13 Nepal Youth Vision, Gongobu 14 Recovery Group, Banasthali 15 Nava Kiran, Hatigauda 16 Richmond, Chobhar 17 Lals Rehab Center, Balaju 18 Nava Jeevan, Hetauda 19 Maya Nepal, Imadol 20 Bijam, Birgung 21 Support and care, Bharatpur 22 Navakiran Thimura, Bharatpur 23 Freedom Center, Lalitpur 24 ARC Damak 25 Wisdom Foundation, Damak 26 Navamarga Upachar Kendra, Biratnagar 27 New Hope Foundation, Birtamod 28 Life Line, Birtamod Number of substance users in group Number of substance users in group Number of substance users in group Number of substance users in group Number of substance users in group How many number of substance users in groups? All hard drug users Number of males in substance users group Number of males in substance users group Number of males in substance users group Number of males in substance users group Number of males in substance users group How many number of male substance users in groups? All hard drug users Number of females in substance users group Number of females in substance users group Number of females in substance users group Number of females in substance users group Number of females in substance users group How many number of male substance users in groups? All hard drug users Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 1 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 1 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 1 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 1 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 1 What government should do to reduce the use of drugs? All hard drug users 1 Control open boarders/ 2 Free treatment 3 Action against drug sellers 4 Action against corrupt police/Behavioral change of police 5 Public awareness 6 Strict law 7 Avoid misused of medicines from medical stores 8 Help treatment centers 9 Don't know 10 Fixed place for drug taking 11 School education/visit school children to rehab center/Lectu 12 Employment opportunity 13 Supervision 14 Alternative medicine Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 2 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 2 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 2 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 2 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 2 What government should do to reduce the use of drugs? All hard drug users 1 Control open boarders/ 2 Free treatment 3 Action against drug sellers 4 Action against corrupt police/Behavioral change of police 5 Public awareness 6 Strict law 7 Avoid misused of medicines from medical stores 8 Help treatment centers 9 Don't know 10 Fixed place for drug taking 11 School education/visit school children to rehab center/Lectu 12 Employment opportunity 13 Supervision 14 Alternative medicine Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 3 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 3 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 3 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 3 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 3 What government should do to reduce the use of drugs? All hard drug users 1 Control open boarders/ 2 Free treatment 3 Action against drug sellers 4 Action against corrupt police/Behavioral change of police 5 Public awareness 6 Strict law 7 Avoid misused of medicines from medical stores 8 Help treatment centers 9 Don't know 10 Fixed place for drug taking 11 School education/visit school children to rehab center/Lectu 12 Employment opportunity 13 Supervision 14 Alternative medicine Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 4 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 4 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 4 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 4 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 4 What government should do to reduce the use of drugs? All hard drug users 1 Employment opportunity 2 Foreign employment 3 Positive attitude of the society 4 Free treatment centers 5 Public awareness 6 Strict law 7 Skilled training opportunity 9 Don't know 10 Through medicine intake 11 Care and support Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 What government should do to reduce the use of drugs? All hard drug users 1 Employment opportunity 2 Foreign employment 3 Positive attitude of the society 4 Free treatment centers 5 Public awareness 6 Strict law 7 Skilled training opportunity 9 Don't know 10 Through medicine intake 11 Care and support Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 Opinion on government plan to control drug use, opinion 5 What government should do to improve the life of substance users? All hard drug users 1 Employment opportunity 2 Foreign employment 3 Positive attitude of the society 4 Free treatment centers 5 Public awareness 6 Strict law 7 Skilled training opportunity 9 Don't know 10 Through medicine intake 11 Care and support Weightage Weightage Weightage Weightage Weightage Weightage