DDI_MYS_1980_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS 1980 Population and Housing Census IPUMS May 20, 2024 MetadataEditor Version 7.5 October 2024. NEW FEATURES. --Historical data from NAPP project now available from IPUMS-International. --Historical census data from Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1703 to 1911 are now available from IPUMS-International. The complete count and sample datasets were previously disseminated by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP). Where possible, the data have been integrated into existing IPUMS-International variable coding schema. Some new variables have been created that are available only for these pre-1960 datasets. NAPP data users should note that many NAPP variables are available from IPUMS-International by different names. For a complete list of NAPP variables that have been renamed in IPUMS-Interational, refer to the crosswalk. --Individual country shapefiles for the third-level administrative level of geography are now available for a few IPUMS samples. --New spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS now hosts the Census Mosaic data collection. Census Mosaic identifies, gathers, harmonizes, and distributes surviving historical census microdata from regions of Continental Europe where complete centralized records are not available. The Mosaic project was founded by a consortium of historical social scientists in Europe. Data can be downloaded as static files from the Census Mosaic website. Although the data are not yet integrated fully into IPUMS International, variables have been standardized and harmonized to be roughly compatible with IPUMS coding structures. NEW SAMPLES. --Full-count datasets for Great Britain 1851, 1861, 1871 (Scotland only), 1891, and 1901. --Full-count dataset for Sweden 1910. Denmark (1845, 1880, and 1885) --Labor force surveys from Spain and eight new labor force surveys from Italy added to the series. Newly added countries: Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, Laos, Lesotho, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Slovak Republic, Suriname, Togo, and Zimbabwe New samples for: Bolivia, Cambodia, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt (1848 and 1868, historical samples), Fiji, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lao PDR, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, United States, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Data from censuses from Benin and Lesotho that record individual fertility and/or mortality events were made available in IPUMS-International. These files can be downloaded and linked to data produced by the extract system. NEW VARIABLES. --IPUMS-International now provides harmonized and year-specific geography variables for all countries including 13 new samples from Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Uruguay. First-level and second-level year specific geography variables are also available for all countries. IPUMS provides corresponding, downloadable GIS boundary files for all harmonized and year specific geography variables. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography. The codes for the spatially harmonized previous-residence variables match the spatially harmonized place of current residence. More information is available here. --IPUMS International provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples; previously available country-specific migration variables at the first administrative level that were not fully harmonized spatially have been phased out. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for selected samples. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --Lower (third) level geography codes and GIS files have been added for Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Mali, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Some geography codes and labels might have changed for these countries to accommodate the newer lower level geography. --Added more detailed 3-digit industry and occupation variables for China 2000. EDITED SAMPLES. --Revised full-count data for Great Britain 1881 --Revised full-count datasets for Sweden 1890 and 1900. The revision includes the following changes that improve comparability across Sweden datasets: --Revisions to certain ethnicity and work variables (and the underlying source data): ORIGIN, LABFORCE, OCCHISCO, OCRELATE, OCSTATUS. --Revisions to unharmonized source variables: SE1890A_HISCOSE, SE1890A_HISCRELSE, SE1890A_HISCSTATSE, SE1890A_OCCMULTISE, SE1900A_HISCOSE, SE1900A_HISCRELSE, SE1900A_HISCSTATSE, SE1900A_OCCMULTISE. --A new United States 1850 full-count dataset now matches the corresponding dataset distributed by the USA IPUMS data project. The source variable US1850A_0502 (HISTID) provides a linking key to match person records to the USA version of the data. The IPUMS International version of the data contains names, which the USA version cannot distribute. EDITED VARIABLES. An error affecting HHWT for South Africa 2007 was corrected. The existing values were adjusted by a factor of 0.01. AGEMARR was edited to add data for Hungary 1980 and 1990. Harmonized and year-specific geography variables for Brazil and Colombia have been edited to accommodate for the availability of refined municipal boundaries. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these two countries. Errors affecting BPLSE2 (formerly BPLPARSE) for Sweden 1890 and the underlying source variable were corrected. Several thousand cases were incorrectly coded as 258101000. These cases have been updated with the correct code: 258171000. Harmonized geography variables for Italy, Philippines, Rwanda, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. The codes for the source variable RW2002A_0419 were corrected to include 0 and 8 as possible responses, which were previously identified as 'unknown years' within primary education. Errors affecting EDUCFJ for Fiji 2006 were corrected. A problem with PERWT for Tanzania 2012 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. MOMLOC, POPLOC, and PARRULE were updated for the United States 2010 and 2015 samples to include additional information on subfamilies. Prior to this correction, persons above age 17 were not receiving links to their co-resident mothers and fathers. An error affecting codes for the URBAN variable in Egypt 1986 for Cairo, Alexandria, Port-Said, and Suez was corrected. An error in INCEARN affecting Venezuela 2001 was corrected. Earned income in the source variable VE2001A_0440 is interpreted as a monthly amount, thus adjustments previously applied to convert data from daily or weekly income were supressed. All the six Brazil samples in IPUMS International were replaced with higher density samples. An edited version of the Chile 2017 sample was introduced to correct an error in household breaks. Errors affecting codes for GEO1_ZA in South Africa 2011 and ENUTS1 in United Kingdom 1991 were corrected. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Fiji, and Nepal have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in PERWT affecting Nepal 2001 was corrected. Errors affecting a code in GQ for Brazil 2010 and Indonesia 2010 were corrected. Both census samples now identify 1-person units created by splitting a large household. An error in MARRNUM affecting Indonesia 1976 was corrected. Some codes for GEO1_EG2006 and GEO2_EG2006 were edited. Harmonized geography variables for Bolivia, Cuba, Guinea, Ireland, Morocco, Palestine, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in INCEARN affecting Brazil 1980 was corrected. An error in EDATTAIN affecting Ireland 1971 and 1981 was corrected. A small proportion of person records in Mexico 1960 were re-classified in MIGRATEP based on information about their current and previous residence. These were previously coded to 'different major administrative unit', even though their place of residence suggests that their last move was within the same major administrative unit. The second-level technician (higher) degrees for Spain 1991, 2001, and 2011 were re-classified into post-secondary technical education in EDATTAIN. An error affecting codes for SEX for Egypt 1848 and 1868 was corrected. The values for male and female had been reversed. A problem with HHWT and PERWT for Canada 2011 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mexico, Peru, Switzerland, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. Harmonized geography variables for Chile and Sierra Leone have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error affecting codes for COMPUTER for Senegal 2013 was corrected. An error affecting labels available in IND for Peru 1993 was corrected. An error affecting codes for persons previously residing abroad for MIG1_5_BO in Bolivia 2001 and 2012 was corrected. EDUCAR, EDATTAIN, and YRSCHOOL were adjusted in the Argentina samples to incorporate information on completion of education levels in the data harmonization. HHWT and PERWT were calibrated in Kenya 1979 to properly reflect the population distribution by province. In GQ (group quarters status), persons residing in hospitals of all types were reclassified to 'institutional group quarters' from 'other group quarters,' making their treatment consistent with GQTYPE. Errors affecting codes for BPLBJ2 in Benin 1979, 1992, and 2002 were corrected. Errors affecting codes for GEO2_BR1970 in Brazil 1970 were corrected. 1980 Population and Housing Census - IPUMS Subset PHC Malaysia 1980 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) MYS_1980_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS Department of Statistics Malaysia IPUMS (c) Copyright 1980, Department of Statistics Malaysia and Minnesota Population Center MetadataEditor Department of Statistics Malaysia Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.5 Version 7.5. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Disability Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Migration: F-N Variables -- PERSON Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: F-N Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Demographic Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON Disability Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Malaysia Districts with 20,000+ population Persons, households, and dwellings Excludes 2 states: Sabah and Sarawak UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: no - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: Living quarters have been defined for census purposes as places of abode, which are structurally separate and independent. The terms separate and independent mean the following: Separate: A structure is considered separate if it is surrounded by walls, fence, etc., and is covered by roof. Independent: A structure is said to be independent if it has direct access via a public staircase, communal passageway or landing (that is, occupants can come in or go out of their living quarters without passing through someone else’s premises). In general, living quarters can be classified into two categories, that is: (i) Built or converted for living (e.g. house, flat, apartment, shophouse, makeshift hut, hotel, hostels, etc.) (ii) Not meant for living but used for this purpose on Census Day (e.g. in a building such as office, shop, barn, community hall, etc.) Living quarters built or converted for living can be further classified into housing units and collective living quarters. Housing units are classified into six main types, namely: House; Flat/apartment/condominium; Shop house, office; Room (with direct access to the outside); improvised/temporary hut; and others. House can be further classified into Detached house; and Semi-detached house. - Households: A household is defined as a group of persons who live together and make common provision for food and other essentials of living. The people in the group may be related or unrelated or a combination of both. A household may consist of only one person or it may be a multi-member household. - Group quarters: Living quarters which is built or converted for living (e.g. house, flat, apartment, shophouse, makeshift hut, hotel, hostels, etc.). The 1980 Population Census included all Malaysians and non- Malaysians who had slept in private or small institutional living quarters during Census Night. However, there were several group of people who did not fall into the above category and for whom special arrangements were made: (a) Persons living in remote and security areas - These include the Orang Asli (Aborigines) in Peninsular Malaysia and other indigenous groups who live deep in the jungles in the interior of Sabah and Sarawak; also persons in security areas were included. The enumeration of such persons was done in a single stage operation. (b) Military, naval and diplomatic personnel and their families and civilians staying outside Malaysia - Since the strategy of enumeration was based on the de facto approach, this group of persons were excluded from the count. Civilians who were temporarily away from the country were also excluded. (c) Resident merchants, seamen and passengers who were at sea on Census night The following were included:- (i) Crews and passengers on coastal ships sailing in Malaysian waters or in Malaysian ports or sailing between Malaysian ports; (ii) Crews and passengers on vessels registered in Malaysia and engaged in regional trade. Crews and passengers on foreign registered ships in port or in Malaysian waters were, however, excluded. (d) Civilian residents who cross a frontier daily to work in another country -This group was included in the census if they were in Malaysia on Census night. (e) Foreign military, naval and diplomatic personnel and their families located in the country -All persons in this category were included in the census with the exception of persons having diplomatic immunity. (f) Transients -Wayfarers, homeless people and travellers were included in the census. Special arrangements were made with the police, railway and marine authorities to enumerate these people. (g) Institutions -Institutions in large hotels, hostels, hospitals and prisons were also included. (h) Army camps and army personnel on patrol -Army personnel were included in the census, through the assistance of the commanding officers of the camps. Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: Malaysia 1980 Note: Excludes 2 states: Sabah and Sarawak MICRODATA SOURCE: Department of Statistics Malaysia SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 182601. SAMPLE DESIGN: Unknown. **Note: The states of Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak) are excluded from the sample. Face-to-face [f2f] Five types of schedules were used for the 1980 Population and Housing Census: Form 1 consisted of a House Listing Book; Form 2 was the schedule used in the Housing Census; Form 3 was used to collect information on households and; Form 4 was used for collecting individual particulars. However, persons in large hotels, hostels, hospitals, prisons and other institutions were enumerated on Form 33, a shortened version of Form 4. de facto, CENSUS DAY: 1980-06-10 00:00:00 Self-weighting Expansion factor = 60. IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. Department of Statistics Malaysia Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.5 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.5 Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: Malaysia, Department of Statistics Malaysia. 1980 Population and Housing Census The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu. Printed matter should be sent to: IPUMS International Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota 50 Willey Hall 225 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions: IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. MYS1980_PHC-H-H Household records 38 65 MYS1980_PHC-P-H Person records 182601 104 Record type H Household P Person RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. IPUMS Country 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Ivory Coast 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. IPUMS IPUMS sample identifier 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Ivory Coast 1988 384199801 Ivory Coast 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). IPUMS Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. IPUMS Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Subsample number 00 1st 1% subsample 01 2nd 1% subsample 02 3rd 1% subsample 03 4th 1% subsample 04 5th 1% subsample 05 6th 1% subsample 06 7th 1% subsample 07 8th 1% subsample 08 9th 1% subsample 09 10th 1% subsample 10 11th 1% subsample 11 12th 1% subsample 12 13th 1% subsample 13 14th 1% subsample 14 15th 1% subsample 15 16th 1% subsample 16 17th 1% subsample 17 18th 1% subsample 18 19th 1% subsample 19 20th 1% subsample 20 21st 1% subsample 21 22nd 1% subsample 22 23rd 1% subsample 23 24th 1% subsample 24 25th 1% subsample 25 26th 1% subsample 26 27th 1% subsample 27 28th 1% subsample 28 29th 1% subsample 29 30th 1% subsample 30 31st 1% subsample 31 32nd 1% subsample 32 33rd 1% subsample 33 34th 1% subsample 34 35th 1% subsample 35 36th 1% subsample 36 37th 1% subsample 37 38th 1% subsample 38 39th 1% subsample 39 40th 1% subsample 40 41st 1% subsample 41 42nd 1% subsample 42 43rd 1% subsample 43 44th 1% subsample 44 45th 1% subsample 45 46th 1% subsample 46 47th 1% subsample 47 48th 1% subsample 48 49th 1% subsample 49 50th 1% subsample 50 51st 1% subsample 51 52nd 1% subsample 52 53rd 1% subsample 53 54th 1% subsample 54 55th 1% subsample 55 56th 1% subsample 56 57th 1% subsample 57 58th 1% subsample 58 59th 1% subsample 59 60th 1% subsample 60 61st 1% subsample 61 62nd 1% subsample 62 63rd 1% subsample 63 64th 1% subsample 64 65th 1% subsample 65 66th 1% subsample 66 67th 1% subsample 67 68th 1% subsample 68 69th 1% subsample 69 70th 1% subsample 70 71st 1% subsample 71 72nd 1% subsample 72 73rd 1% subsample 73 74th 1% subsample 74 75th 1% subsample 75 76th 1% subsample 76 77th 1% subsample 77 78th 1% subsample 78 79th 1% subsample 79 80th 1% subsample 80 81st 1% subsample 81 82nd 1% subsample 82 83rd 1% subsample 83 84th 1% subsample 84 85th 1% subsample 85 86th 1% subsample 86 87th 1% subsample 87 88th 1% subsample 88 89th 1% subsample 89 90th 1% subsample 90 91st 1% subsample 91 92nd 1% subsample 92 93rd 1% subsample 93 94th 1% subsample 94 95th 1% subsample 95 96th 1% subsample 96 97th 1% subsample 97 98th 1% subsample 98 99th 1% subsample 99 100th 1% subsample SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. IPUMS Donated household Not donated 1 Donated HHDONATE identifies households that were donated during the IPUMS data editing process. IPUMS Strata identifier This variable is the strata identifier for the sample. The STRATA variable provides information about the sample design that can be used to improve estimation. STRATA is a 12-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Group quarters (collective dwelling) status 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. IPUMS Group quarters type 100 Institutional 110 Prisons, reformatories, or correctional institutions 120 Hospital, nursing home, hospice, or instutions for persons with disabilities 121 Institutions for persons with disabilities 122 Sanatorium or mental institutions 130 Homes for the elderly or orphanage 131 Retirement home 132 Orphanage, children's home 140 Shelter for homeless, youth, or others 150 Military or police institution 160 Boarding school or student housing 170 Religious institution, monastery, seminary, or convent 199 Other institutional n.e.c. 200 Non-institutional 210 Camps (refugees, workers, or others) 220 Hotel, pension, lodging, or boarding house 230 Floating population 299 Other non-institutional n.e.c. 300 Other group quarters 399 1-person unit created by splitting large household 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) GQTYPE identifies the type of group quarters -- collective dwellings -- which are broadly classified into institutional and non-institutional types. Institutions are a place of residence where people are subject to a common authority or bound by a common objective or personal interest. The definition encompasses correctional facilities, health institutions, retirement homes, orphanages, shelters (social welfare institutions), military or police establishments, boarding schools, and religious group dwellings. Non-institutional group quarters comprise refugee and workers' camps (temporary accommodation), hotels, pensions, and all types of boarding or lodging houses. The "floating population" is included as a category within the non-institutional group quarters, when identified by the corresponding sample. This group refers to outdoor sleepers, homeless persons, travelers, and persons in ships, boats, or other mobile dwellings. A more general classification of households between private and group quarters is available in GQ. IPUMS Number of unrelated persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. IPUMS Urban-rural status 1 Rural 2 Urban 9 Unknown URBAN indicates whether the household was located in a place designated as urban or as rural. IPUMS Continent and region of country 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR. IPUMS 2nd subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV2 indicates the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. Second administrative units in GEOLEV2 have been spatio-temporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV2 is a 9-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV2 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO2_BR. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV2 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO2 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The second major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV2 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV2 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO2 is a 12-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV2 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO2 indicates the area in square kilometers of the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The second major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV2 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV2 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO2 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS Malaysia, State 1970 - 2000 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS] 458001 Johor 458002 Kedah 458003 Kelantan 458004 Melaka 458005 Negeri Sembilan 458006 Pahang 458007 Pulau Pinang 458008 Perak 458009 Perlis 458010 Selangor, Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory 458011 Terengganu 458012 Sabah, Labuan Federal Territory 458013 Sarawak GEO1_MY identifies the household's state within Malaysia in all sample years. States are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_MY is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_MY can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malaysia can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level, refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Malaysia, State 1980 [Level 1, GIS] 001 Johor 002 Kedah 003 Kelantan 004 Melaka 005 Negeri Sembilan 006 Pahang 007 Pulau Pinang 008 Perak 009 Perlis 010 Selangor 011 Terengganu 012 Sabah 013 Sarawak 014 Wilayah Persekutuan (Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory) GEO1_MY1980 identifies the household's state within Malaysia in 1980. States are the first level administrative units of the country. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_MY1980 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malaysia can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Malaysia, Administrative district 1970 - 2000 [Level 2; consistent boundaries, GIS] 458001001 Batu Pahat 458001002 Johor Bahru 458001003 Kluang 458001004 Kota Tinggi 458001005 Mersing 458001006 Muar 458001007 Pontian 458001008 Segamat 458002001 Baling 458002002 Bandar Baharu 458002003 Kota Setar, Pendang 458002004 Kuala Muda 458002005 Kubang Pasu 458002006 Kulim 458002007 Langkawi 458002008 Padang Terap 458002009 Sik 458002010 Yan 458003001 Bachok 458003002 Kota Bharu 458003003 Machang 458003004 Pasir Mas 458003005 Pasir Puteh 458003006 Tanah Merah, Gua Musang, Kuala Krai, Jeli 458003007 Tumpat 458004001 Alor Gajah 458004002 Jasin 458004003 Melaka Tengah 458005001 Jelebu 458005002 Kuala Pilah, Jempol 458005003 Port Dickson 458005004 Rembau 458005005 Seremban 458005006 Tampin 458006001 Bentong 458006002 Cameron Highlands 458006003 Jerantut, Lipis, Pekan, Temerloh, Rompin, Maran, Bera 458006004 Kuantan 458006005 Raub 458007001 S.P. Tengah 458007002 S.P. Utara 458007003 S.P.Selatan 458007004 Timur Laut 458007005 Barat Daya 458008001 Batang Padang 458008002 Manjung (Dinding) 458008003 Kinta 458008004 Kerian 458008005 Kuala Kangsar, Perak Tengah 458008006 Larut Dan Matang 458008007 Hilir Perak 458008008 Ulu Perak 458009001 Perlis 458010001 Gombak, Klang, Kuala Langat, Petaling, Sepang, Ulu Langat, Ulu Selangor, WP. Kuala Lumpur 458010002 Kuala Selangor 458010003 Sabak Bernam 458011001 Besut, Kuala Terengganu, Setiu 458011002 Dungun 458011003 Kemaman 458011004 Marang 458011005 Hulu Terengganu 458012001 Tawau 458012002 Lahad Datu, Kunak 458012003 Semporna 458012004 Sandakan 458012005 Kinabatangan, Tongod 458012006 Beluran 458012007 Kota Kinabalu 458012008 Ranau 458012009 Kota Belud 458012010 Tuaran 458012011 Penampang 458012012 Papar 458012013 Kudat, Kota Marudu, Pitas 458012014 Beaufort, Kuala Penyu 458012015 Sipitang 458012016 Tenom 458012017 Nabawan 458012018 Keningau 458012019 Tambunan 458012020 W.P. Labuan 458013001 Kuching, Samarahan, Asajaya 458013002 Bau 458013003 Lundu 458013004 Serian 458013005 Simunjan 458013006 Sri Aman 458013007 Lubok Antu 458013008 Betong 458013009 Saratok 458013010 Sarikei 458013011 Meradong, Daro, Matu 458013012 Julau, Kanowit 458013013 Sibu, Dalat, Mukah 458013014 Bintulu, Tatau 458013015 Kapit, Song 458013016 Belaga 458013017 Miri 458013018 Marudi 458013019 Limbang 458013020 Lawas GEO2_MY identifies the household's administrative districts within Malaysia in all sample years. Administrative districts are the second level administrative units of the country, after state. GEO2_MY is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_MY can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malaysia can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Malaysia, Administrative district 1980 [Level 2, GIS] 001001 Batu Pahat 001002 Johor Baharu 001003 Keluang 001004 Kota Tinggi 001005 Mersing 001006 Muar 001007 Pontian 001008 Segamat 002001 Baling 002002 Bandar Baharu 002003 Kota Setar 002004 Kuala Muda 002005 Kubang pasu 002006 Kulim 002007 Langkawi 002008 Padang Terap 002009 Sik 002010 Yan 002011 Pendang 003001 Bachok 003002 Kota Baharu 003003 Machang 003004 Pasir Mas 003005 Pasir Puteh 003006 Tanah Merah 003007 Tumpat 003008 Ulu Kelantan 003009 Kuala Kerai 004001 Alor Gajah 004002 Jasin 004003 Melaka Tengah 005001 Jelebu 005002 Kuala Pilah 005003 Port Dickson 005004 Rembau 005005 Seremban 005006 Tampin 005007 Jempul 006001 Bentong 006002 Cameron Highlands 006003 Jerantut 006004 Kuantan 006005 Lipis 006006 Pekan 006007 Raub 006008 Temerloh 006009 Rompin 007001 Tengah (Rkt. Mertajam) 007002 Utara (Butterworth) 007003 Selatan (Nibong Tebal) 007004 Timor Laut 007005 Barat Daya 008001 Padang 008002 Dinding 008003 Kinta 008004 Kerian 008005 Kuala Kangsar 008006 Larut Dan Matang 008007 Hilir Perak 008008 Hulu Perak 008009 Perak Tengah 009001 Perrlis 010001 Gombak 010002 Kelang 010003 Kuala Langat 010004 Kuala Selangor 010005 Petaling 010006 Sabak Bernam 010007 Sepang 010008 Ulu Langat 010009 Ulu Selangor 011001 Besut 011002 Dungun 011003 Kemaman 011004 Kuala Terengganu 011005 Marang 011006 Ulu Trengganu 012001 Tawau 012002 Lahad Datu 012003 Semporna 012004 Sandakan 012005 Kinabatangan 012006 Labuk & Sugut 012007 Kota Kinabalu 012008 Ranau 012009 Kota Belud 012010 Tuaran 012011 Penampang 012012 Papar 012013 Kudat 012014 Kota Marudu 012015 Pitas 012016 Beaufort 012017 Kuala Penyu 012018 Sipitang 012019 Tenom 012020 Nabawan 012021 Keningau 012022 Tambunan 012023 W.P. Labuan 013001 Kuching 013002 Bau 013003 Lundu 013005 Serian 013006 Simunjan 013007 Simanggang 013008 Lubok Antu 013009 Saribas 013010 Kalaka 013011 Sarikei 013012 Binatang 013013 Matu/Daro 013014 Julau 013015 Sibu 013016 Dalat 013017 Mukah 013018 Kanowit 013019 Bintulu 013021 Kapit 013022 Song 013023 Belaga 013024 Miri 013025 Bintulu 013026 Limbang 013027 Lawas 014001 Wilayah Persekutuan (Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory) GEO2_MY1980 identifies the household's administrative district within Malaysia in 1980. Administrative districts are the second level administrative units of the country, after states. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_MY1980 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Malaysia can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned 2 Not owned 9 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Owned 110 Owned, already paid 120 Owned, still paying 130 Owned, constructed 140 Owned, inherited 190 Owned, other 191 Owned, house 192 Owned, condominium 193 Apartment proprietor 194 Shared ownership 200 Not owned 210 Renting, not specified 211 Renting, government 212 Renting, local authority 213 Renting, parastatal 214 Renting, private 215 Renting, private company 216 Renting, individual 217 Renting, collective 218 Renting, joint state and individual 219 Renting, public subsidized 220 Renting, private subsidized 221 Renting, co-tenant 222 Renting, relative of tenant 223 Renting, cooperative 224 Renting, with a job or business 225 Renting, loan-backed habitation 226 Renting, mixed contract 227 Furnished dwelling 228 Sharecropping 230 Subletting 231 Rent to own 239 Renting, other 240 Occupied de facto/squatting 250 Free/usufruct (no cash rent) 251 Free, provided by employer 252 Free, without work or services 253 Free, provided by family or friend 254 Free, private 255 Free, public 256 Free, condemned 257 Free, other 260 Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical) 290 Not owned, other 999 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Telephone availability NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing PHONE indicates the availability of a telephone in the dwelling. IPUMS Automobiles available No autos 1 1 auto 2 2 autos 3 3 autos 4 4 autos 5 5 autos 6 6+ autos 7 Have auto, number unspecified 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) AUTOS records whether a member of the household owned or had use of a vehicle and, in many samples, the number of such vehicles. IPUMS Hot water heater NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing HOTWATER indicates whether the housing unit had a water heater. IPUMS Air conditioning 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No air conditioning 20 Yes, air conditioning 21 1 unit or room 22 2 units or rooms 23 3 units or rooms 24 4 units or rooms 25 5 units or rooms 26 6 units or rooms 27 7 units or rooms 28 8 or more units or rooms 29 Central system 99 Unknown This variable indicates whether the household had air conditioning. IPUMS Refrigerator NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing REFRIG indicates whether the household had a refrigerator. IPUMS Television set 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes, color or black-and-white not specified 21 1 television 22 2 televisions 23 3 televisions 24 4 televisions 25 5 televisions 26 6 televisions 27 7 televisions 28 8 televisions 29 9+ televisions 30 Yes, at least one color tv 31 1 color tv 32 2 color tvs 33 3+ televisions 40 Yes, black-and-white only 41 1 black-white tv 42 2 black-white tvs 43 3+ black-white tvs 99 Unknown/missing TV indicates whether the household had a television. IPUMS Radio in household NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing RADIO indicates whether the household had a radio. IPUMS Household classification 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. IPUMS Number of families in household Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. IPUMS Number of married couples in household No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). IPUMS Number of mothers in household No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). IPUMS Number of fathers in household No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). IPUMS Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Dwelling number Malaysia 1980: All records This variable indicates the dwelling number. This is a 5-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Number of persons in household Malaysia 1980: All records 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 30 30 This variable indicates the number of persons in household. IPUMS Dwelling created by splitting apart a large dwelling or household Malaysia 1980: All records No problem 1 Yes: households within a large dwelling were split apart into separate dwellings 2 Yes: persons within a large household were split apart into separate dwellings This variable indicates whether the dwelling was created by splitting apart a large dwelling or household. IPUMS Donated dwelling Malaysia 1980: All records No problem 1 Donated This variable indicates donated dwelling. IPUMS Donation strata: strata number Malaysia 1980: All records 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 This variable indicates donation strata: strata number. IPUMS Urban/rural <svar a="all" v="MY80A036 MY80A037 MY80A043 MY80A044">1.<br />(a) State ____<br /><br />(b) Admin. District ____<br /><br />(c) Census District ____<br /><br />(d) Circle Number ____<br /><br />(e) Enumeration Block ____<br /><br />(f) Locality (Sahah and Sarawak)<br /><br />2. Address: ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All households 1 Metropolitan (75,000 persons and over) 2 Urban, Large (10,000 - 74,999 persons) 3 Urban, Small (1,000 - 9,999 persons) 4 Rural (999 persons or fewer) This variable indicates whether the household lives in metropolitan, urban large, urban small or rural area. IPUMS Tenancy of housing unit 18. (a) Do you pay rent for your accommodation?</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes (Skip to 19)<br />[] No</div><p>(b) Does this household own this housing unit?</p> <div class="i1">[Question 18 (b) is asked of those who did not pay rent for their accommodation.]<br />[] Yes<br />[] No</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owner occupier 2 Tenant 3 Other This variable indicates the tenancy of housing unit. IPUMS Motor cars 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of motor cars the household has. IPUMS Land rovers/vans 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of land rovers/vans the household has. IPUMS Motorcycles/scooters 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of motorcycles/scooters the household has. IPUMS Bicycles 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of bicycles the household has. IPUMS Radio 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a radio. IPUMS Black-white television 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a black-white television. IPUMS Color television 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a color television. IPUMS Telephone 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a telephone. IPUMS Newspaper 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household subscribes to a newspaper. IPUMS Sewing machine 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a sewing machine. IPUMS Electric iron 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has an electric iron. IPUMS Electric fan 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has an electric fan. IPUMS Refrigerator 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. IPUMS Air conditioner 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has an air conditioner. IPUMS Water heater 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a water heater. IPUMS Piano/organ 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a piano/organ. IPUMS Clock 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a clock. IPUMS Boat with motor 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a boat with a motor. IPUMS Boat without motor 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No 2 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has a boat without a motor. IPUMS Has none of listed household items 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No (has one or more consumer goods in the above list) 2 Yes (has none of the consumer goods in the above list) 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the household has none of household items listed above. IPUMS Unknown for household item ownership 19. Does your household have any of the following items?</p> <div class="i1">Motor car:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Land rover/van:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Motor cycle/scooter:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">Bicycle:</div><div class="i2">[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4+</div><div class="i1">[] Radio<br />[] B/w. T.V.<br />[] Color T.V.<br />[] Telephone<br />[] Newspaper <br />[] Sewing machine<br />[] Electric iron<br />[] Electric fan<br />[] Refrigerator<br />[] Air conditioner<br />[] Water heater<br />[] Piano/Organ<br />[] Clock<br />[] Boat with motor<br />[] Boat without motor<br />[] None of the above</div> Malaysia 1980: Non-collective households [discrepancies: none] 1 No (not unknown) 2 Unknown if household has any of the consumer goods in this listing 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether it is unknown if the household has any of the household items mentioned above. IPUMS Type of living quarters <svar a="all" v="MY80A072">21. LQ's Code _ _<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All households 01 House, detached 02 House, semi-detached 03 House, terrace, row or link 04 Long-house (Sabah and Sarawak only) 05 Flat/apartment in housing block 06 Flat/apartment in shophouse or office 07 Other flat/apartment 08 Room in shophouse or office 09 Room in or attached to a house 10 Room in or attached to a factory, mill, etc. 11 Other room 12 Other: makeshift, improvised hut 13 Other: caves 14 In a permanent building, e.g., office, school, shop,mosque, etc. 15 In a living space, e.g., courtyard, open verandah, 16 A natural shelter 17 Mobile unit 18 Hotel, lodging house, rest house, etc. 19 Medical institutions, e.g. a hospital 20 Educational institution 21 Charitable, religous, or social welfare institution 22 Prison, detention center, etc. 23 Temporary labor camp 24 Other This variable indicates the type of living quarters. IPUMS Strata Malaysia 1980: All households This variable is the strata identifier for the sample. Strata is a constructed variable that captures implicit geographic stratification resulting from the sample design. It is created by assigning a unique identifier to groups of between 10 and 19 adjacent households. Additional documentation is available on the Variance Estimation page. This is a 4-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother IPUMS Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father IPUMS Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse IPUMS Rule for linking parent 00 No parent of person in household 11 Link to head or spouse, unambiguous 12 Link to head or spouse, ambiguous 21 Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap 22 Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap 23 Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap 31 Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 32 Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 33 Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap 41 Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 42 Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 51 Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap 52 Non-Relatives, within constructed child cap PARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father. IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse 00 No spouse present 01 Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent 02 Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 03 Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent 04 Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 05 Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings 06 Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child) SPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse. IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Probable stepmother Biological mother or no mother present 1 Mother has no children born or surviving 2 Child reports mother is deceased 3 Explicitly identified step relationship 4 Mother reports no children in the home 5 Age difference implausible 6 Child exceeds known fertility of mother STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPMOM are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Mother has no children born or surviving. 2 = Child reports mother is deceased. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law). 4 = Mother reports no children in the home. 5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Probable stepfather Biological father or no father present 1 Child reports father is deceased 2 Explicitly identified step relationship 3 Age difference implausible 4 Spouse of mother 5 Identified as adopted 6 Surname difference -- male child or never-married female STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPPOP are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Child reports father is deceased. 2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law). 3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Man with more than one wife linked No more than one wife linked via SPLOC 1 More than one wife linked via SPLOC POLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Woman is second or higher order wife Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC 1 Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC POLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated. The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. IPUMS Number of own family members in household 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). IPUMS Number of own children in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Relationship to household head [general version] 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head [detailed version] 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Age 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. IPUMS Age, grouped into intervals 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 0 to 5 06 6 to 10 07 10 to 15 08 11 to 14 09 15 to 17 10 16 to 19 11 18 to 24 12 20 to 24 13 25 to 29 14 30 to 34 15 35 to 39 16 40 to 44 17 45 to 49 18 50 to 54 19 55 to 59 20 60 to 64 21 65 to 69 22 70 to 74 23 75 to 79 24 80 to 84 25 85+ 98 Unknown AGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals. IPUMS Sex 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. IPUMS Marital status [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Marital status [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Age at first marriage or union 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 10 or younger 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 Unknown AGEMARR indicates the person's age at first marriage or consensual union. IPUMS Number of marriages or unions NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8+ 9 Unknown MARRNUM records the number of marital unions the respondent has ever been in. IPUMS Year of birth 0000 NIU (not in universe) 1628 1628 1629 1629 1630 1630 1631 1631 1634 1634 1635 1635 1636 1636 1637 1637 1638 1638 1639 1639 1640 1640 1641 1641 1642 1642 1643 1643 1644 1644 1645 1645 1646 1646 1647 1647 1648 1648 1649 1649 1650 1650 1651 1651 1652 1652 1653 1653 1654 1654 1655 1655 1656 1656 1657 1657 1658 1658 1659 1659 1660 1660 1661 1661 1662 1662 1663 1663 1664 1664 1665 1665 1666 1666 1667 1667 1668 1668 1669 1669 1670 1670 1671 1671 1672 1672 1673 1673 1674 1674 1675 1675 1676 1676 1677 1677 1678 1678 1679 1679 1680 1680 1681 1681 1682 1682 1683 1683 1684 1684 1685 1685 1686 1686 1687 1687 1688 1688 1689 1689 1690 1690 1691 1691 1692 1692 1693 1693 1694 1694 1695 1695 1696 1696 1697 1697 1698 1698 1699 1699 1700 1700 1701 1701 1702 1702 1703 1703 1704 1704 1705 1705 1706 1706 1707 1707 1708 1708 1709 1709 1710 1710 1711 1711 1712 1712 1713 1713 1714 1714 1715 1715 1716 1716 1717 1717 1718 1718 1719 1719 1720 1720 1721 1721 1722 1722 1723 1723 1724 1724 1725 1725 1726 1726 1727 1727 1728 1728 1729 1729 1730 1730 1731 1731 1732 1732 1733 1733 1734 1734 1735 1735 1736 1736 1737 1737 1738 1738 1739 1739 1740 1740 1741 1741 1742 1742 1743 1743 1744 1744 1745 1745 1746 1746 1747 1747 1748 1748 1749 1749 1750 1750 1751 1751 1752 1752 1753 1753 1754 1754 1755 1755 1756 1756 1757 1757 1758 1758 1759 1759 1760 1760 1761 1761 1762 1762 1763 1763 1764 1764 1765 1765 1766 1766 1767 1767 1768 1768 1769 1769 1770 1770 1771 1771 1772 1772 1773 1773 1774 1774 1775 1775 1776 1776 1777 1777 1778 1778 1779 1779 1780 1780 1781 1781 1782 1782 1783 1783 1784 1784 1785 1785 1786 1786 1787 1787 1788 1788 1789 1789 1790 1790 1791 1791 1792 1792 1793 1793 1794 1794 1795 1795 1796 1796 1797 1797 1798 1798 1799 1799 1800 1800 1801 1801 1802 1802 1803 1803 1804 1804 1805 1805 1806 1806 1807 1807 1808 1808 1809 1809 1810 1810 1811 1811 1812 1812 1813 1813 1814 1814 1815 1815 1816 1816 1817 1817 1818 1818 1819 1819 1820 1820 1821 1821 1822 1822 1823 1823 1824 1824 1825 1825 1826 1826 1827 1827 1828 1828 1829 1829 1830 1830 1831 1831 1832 1832 1833 1833 1834 1834 1835 1835 1836 1836 1837 1837 1838 1838 1839 1839 1840 1840 1841 1841 1842 1842 1843 1843 1844 1844 1845 1845 1846 1846 1847 1847 1848 1848 1849 1849 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1853 1853 1854 1854 1855 1855 1856 1856 1857 1857 1858 1858 1859 1859 1860 1860 1861 1861 1862 1862 1863 1863 1864 1864 1865 1865 1866 1866 1867 1867 1868 1868 1869 1869 1870 1870 1871 1871 1872 1872 1873 1873 1874 1874 1875 1875 1876 1876 1877 1877 1878 1878 1879 1879 1880 1880 1881 1881 1882 1882 1883 1883 1884 1884 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 1887 1888 1888 1889 1889 1890 1890 1891 1891 1892 1892 1893 1893 1894 1894 1895 1895 1896 1896 1897 1897 1898 1898 1899 1899 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 9999 Unknown BIRTHYR gives the person's year of birth. IPUMS Children ever born 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living. IPUMS Children surviving 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHSURV reports the number of children born to a woman who were still living at the time of the census. IPUMS Nativity status NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Country of birth 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11005 British Indian Ocean Territory 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11051 Ethiopia (including Eritrea) 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15021 Upper Volta 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15081 Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15180 Canary Islands 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21200 St. Croix 21210 St. John 21220 St. Lucia 21230 St Thomas 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21991 Caribbean commonwealth, n.s. 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32042 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32101 Pakistan/Bangladesh 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34071 Israel/Palestine 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34111 West Bank 34112 Gaza Strip 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41991 Albania, Bulgaria, Czech, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43121 Spain/Portugal 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43991 Gibraltar/Malta 43992 Portugal/Greece 43993 Italy, Holy See, San Marino 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44020 Belgium 44021 Belgium/Luxemburg 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44042 West Germany 44043 Germany/Austria 44044 Mecklenburg-Schwerin 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44991 Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (original 15) 49994 Other European Union (not original 15) 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53060 Federated States of Micronesia 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 80000 AT SEA 90000 Other countries n.s. 99999 Unknown BPLCOUNTRY indicates the person's country of birth. IPUMS Citizenship 1 Citizen, not specified 2 Citizen by birth 3 Naturalized citizen 4 Not a citizen 5 Without citizenship, stateless 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CITIZEN indicates the person's citizenship status within the country in which they were enumerated. IPUMS Country of citizenship 00000 NIU (not in universe) 10000 Africa 11000 Eastern Africa 11010 Burundi 11020 Comoros 11030 Djibouti 11040 Eritrea 11050 Ethiopia 11060 Kenya 11070 Madagascar 11080 Malawi 11090 Mauritius 11100 Mozambique 11110 Reunion 11120 Rwanda 11130 Seychelles 11140 Somalia 11150 South Sudan 11160 Uganda 11170 Tanzania 11180 Zambia 11190 Zimbabwe 11999 Eastern Africa, other or n.s. 12000 Middle Africa 12010 Angola 12020 Cameroon 12030 Central African Republic 12040 Chad 12050 Congo (Republic of) 12060 Democratic Republic of Congo 12070 Equatorial Guinea 12080 Gabon 12090 Sao Tome and Principe 12999 Middle Africa, other or n.s. 13000 Northern Africa 13010 Algeria 13011 Algeria/Tunisia 13020 Egypt/United Arab Rep. 13021 Egypt/Sudan 13030 Libya 13040 Morocco 13050 Sudan 13060 Tunisia 13070 Western Sahara 13999 Northern Africa, other or n.s. 14000 Southern Africa 14010 Botswana 14020 Lesotho 14030 Namibia 14040 South Africa 14050 Swaziland 14999 Southern Africa, other or n.s. 15000 Western Africa 15010 Benin 15020 Burkina Faso 15030 Cape Verde 15040 Ivory Coast 15050 Gambia 15060 Ghana 15070 Guinea 15080 Guinea-Bissau 15090 Liberia 15100 Mali 15110 Mauritania 15120 Niger 15130 Nigeria 15140 St. Helena and Ascension 15150 Senegal 15160 Sierra Leone 15170 Togo 15999 West Africa, other or n.s. 19999 Africa, other or n.s. 20000 Americas 21000 Caribbean 21010 Anguilla 21020 Antigua-Barbuda 21030 Aruba 21040 Bahamas 21050 Barbados 21060 British Virgin Islands 21070 Cayman Isles 21080 Cuba 21090 Dominica 21100 Dominican Republic 21110 Grenada 21120 Guadeloupe 21130 Haiti 21140 Jamaica 21150 Martinique 21160 Montserrat 21170 Netherlands Antilles 21180 Puerto Rico 21190 St. Kitts-Nevis 21220 St. Lucia 21240 St. Vincent 21250 Trinidad and Tobago 21260 Turks and Caicos 21270 U.S. Virgin Islands 21999 Caribbean, other or n.s. 22000 Central America 22010 Belize/British Honduras 22020 Costa Rica 22030 El Salvador 22040 Guatemala 22050 Honduras 22060 Mexico 22070 Nicaragua 22080 Panama 22081 Panama Canal Zone 22999 Central America, other or n.s. 23000 South America 23010 Argentina 23020 Bolivia 23030 Brazil 23040 Chile 23050 Colombia 23060 Ecuador 23070 Falkland Islands 23080 French Guiana 23090 Guyana/British Guiana 23100 Paraguay 23110 Peru 23120 Suriname 23130 Uruguay 23140 Venezuela 23999 South America, other or n.s. 24000 North America 24010 Bermuda 24020 Canada 24021 Canada, First Nations 24030 Greenland 24040 United States 24999 North America, other or n.s. 29999 Americas, other or n.s. 30000 Asia 31000 Eastern Asia 31010 China 31011 Hong Kong 31012 Macau 31013 Taiwan 31020 Japan 31030 Korea 31031 Korea, DPR (North) 31032 Korea, RO (South) 31040 Mongolia 31999 Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 32000 South-Central Asia 32010 Afghanistan 32020 Bangladesh 32030 Bhutan 32040 India 32041 India/Pakistan 32050 Iran 32060 Kazakhstan 32070 Kyrgyzstan 32080 Maldives 32090 Nepal 32100 Pakistan 32110 Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 32120 Tajikistan 32130 Turkmenistan 32140 Uzbekistan 32990 Burma, India, Pakistan, Ceylon 32999 South-Central Asia, other or n.s. 33000 South-Eastern Asia 33010 Brunei 33020 Cambodia (Kampuchea) 33030 East Timor 33040 Indonesia 33050 Laos 33060 Malaysia 33070 Myanmar (Burma) 33080 Philippines 33090 Singapore 33100 Thailand 33110 Vietnam 33991 Laos and Cambodia 33992 Malaysia and Singapore 33999 South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s. 34000 Western Asia 34010 Armenia 34020 Azerbaijan 34030 Bahrain 34040 Cyprus 34050 Georgia 34051 Abkhazia 34052 South Ossetia 34060 Iraq 34070 Israel 34080 Jordan 34090 Kuwait 34100 Lebanon 34110 Palestine 34120 Oman 34130 Qatar 34140 Saudi Arabia 34150 Syria 34151 Syria/Lebanon 34160 Turkey 34170 United Arab Emirates 34180 Yemen 34991 Middle East 34999 Western Asia, other or n.s. 39999 Asia, other or n.s. 40000 Europe 41000 Eastern Europe 41010 Belarus 41020 Bulgaria 41021 Bulgaria/Greece 41030 Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia 41040 Hungary 41050 Poland 41060 Moldova 41070 Romania 41080 Russia/USSR 41090 Slovakia 41100 Ukraine 41992 Central-Eastern Europe 41999 Eastern Europe, other or n.s. 42000 Northern Europe 42010 Denmark 42020 Estonia 42030 Faroe Islands 42040 Finland 42050 Iceland 42060 Ireland 42070 Latvia 42080 Lithuania 42090 Norway 42100 Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands 42110 Sweden 42120 United Kingdom 42121 Britain 42122 Scotland 42123 Wales 42990 Nordic countries 42999 Northern Europe, other or n.s. 43000 Southern Europe 43010 Albania 43020 Andorra 43030 Bosnia and Herzegovina 43040 Croatia 43050 Gibraltar 43060 Greece 43070 Italy 43071 Vatican City 43080 Malta 43090 Portugal 43100 San Marino 43110 Slovenia 43120 Spain 43130 Macedonia 43140 Yugoslavia 43141 Montenegro 43142 Serbia 43143 Kosovo 43144 Serbia and Montenegro 43999 Southern Europe, other or n.s. 44000 Western Europe 44010 Austria 44011 Austro-Hungarian 44020 Belgium 44022 Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg 44030 France 44040 Germany 44041 East Germany 44042 West Germany 44050 Liechtenstein 44060 Luxembourg 44070 Monaco 44080 Netherlands 44090 Switzerland 44999 Western Europe, other or n.s. 49992 European Union 49993 European Union (Original 15) 49994 Other European Union 49999 Europe, other or n.s. 50000 Oceania 51000 Australia and New Zealand 51010 Australia 51020 New Zealand 51030 Norfolk Islands 51999 Australia and New Zealand, n.s. 52000 Melanesia 52010 Fiji 52020 New Caledonia 52030 Papua New Guinea 52040 Solomon Islands 52050 Vanuatu (New Hebrides) 52999 Melanesia, n.s. 53000 Micronesia 53010 Kiribati 53020 Marshall Islands 53030 Nauru 53040 Northern Mariana Isls. 53050 Palau 53999 Micronesia, other or n.s. 54000 Polynesia 54010 Cook Islands 54020 French Polynesia 54030 Niue 54040 Pitcairn Island 54050 Western Samoa 54060 Eastern Samoa 54070 Tokelau 54080 Tonga 54090 Tuvalu 54100 Wallis and Futuna Isls. 54999 Polynesia, other or n.s. 55000 U.S. Pacific Possessions 55010 American Samoa 55020 Baker Island 55030 Guam 55040 Howland Island 55050 Johnston Atoll 55060 Kingman Reef 55070 Midway Islands 55080 Wake Island 55999 US Pacific, other or n.s. 59999 Oceania, other or n.s. 90000 Other countries n.s. 99998 No citizenship/nationality 99999 Unknown NATION indicates the person's country of citizenship. IPUMS State of birth, Malaysia 01 Johore 02 Kedah 03 Kelantan 04 Malacca 05 Negri Semilan 06 Pahang 07 Penang 08 Perak 09 Perlis 10 Selangor 11 Trengganu 12 Sabah 13 Sarawak 14 Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory 15 Labuan Federal Territory 90 Other countries 99 Unknown BPLMY indicates the person's state of birth within Malaysia. IPUMS Religion [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 No religion 2 Buddhist 3 Hindu 4 Jewish 5 Muslim 6 Christian 7 Other 9 Unknown RELIGION indicates the person's religion, including "none." IPUMS Religion [detailed version] 0000 NIU (not in universe) 1000 No religion 1001 Atheist 1002 Agnostic 1003 Without religion 2000 Buddhist 3000 Hindu 4000 Jewish 5000 Muslim 5005 Ahmadis 5006 Sunni 6000 Christian 6001 Catholic (Roman or unspecified) 6002 Orthodox 6003 Protestant 6004 Evangelical protestant 6005 Pentecostal 6006 Adventist / Seventh-day adventist 6007 Anglican 6008 Assembly of God 6009 Baptist 6010 Church of the Nazarene 6011 Congregational 6012 Dutch Reformed 6013 Episcopalian 6014 Jehovah's Witnesses 6015 Latter Day Saints (Mormon) 6016 Lutheran 6017 Mennonite 6018 Methodist 6019 New Apostolic 6020 Presbyterian 6021 Zion Christian 6022 Moravian 6090 Other Christian, historical 6100 Other Christian, Armenia 6101 Armenia apostolic 6102 Nestorian 6103 Molokai 6104 Other Christian, Austria 6105 Old Catholic 6106 Protestant, Augsburg confession 6107 Protestant, Westminster confession 6108 Protestant, Helvetic confession 6109 Greek Oriental 6110 Armenian Apostolic 6111 Other Protestant 6112 Christian Community for renewal 6113 Christian Community, not specified 6114 Other Christian, Benin 6115 Other Christian 6116 Celestial 6117 Other Christian, Brazil 6118 Christian Congregation of Brazil 6119 Brazilian Catholic Apostolic 6120 Brazil for Christ 6121 Foursquare Gospel 6122 Universal of the Kingdom of God 6123 House of the Blessing 6124 House of Prayer 6125 God is Love 6126 Maranata 6127 Other Christian, Brazil 1991 6128 Undetermined Protestant 6129 Other traditional Protestant 6130 Neo-Christian 6131 Other Neo-Christian 6132 Undetermined Christian 6133 Other Christian, Brazil 2000 6134 Other Catholic 6135 Renewed Evangelical Protestant without institutional ties 6136 Pentecostal Evangelical without institutional ties 6137 New Life Evangelical Protestant Pentecostal 6138 Evangelical Protestant Biblical Revival Pentecostal 6139 Chain Of Prayer Pentecostal 6140 Undetermined Evangelical Protestant 6141 Religion Of God 6142 Christian without institutional ties 6143 Other Christian, Brazil 2010 6144 Salvation Army 6145 Other Christian, Canada 6146 Other Catholic 6147 United Church 6148 Protestant, not specified 6149 Other Protestant 6150 Other Christian, Cameroon 6151 Other Christian, Fiji 6152 Christian undefined 6153 Church of England 6154 Gospel Hall and Brethern 6155 Christian Mission Fellowship (CMF) or Every Home 6156 Salvation Army 6157 All Nations Christian Fellowship 6158 Apostles Gospel Outreach Fellowship 6159 Christian Outreach Centre 6160 Other Christian 6161 Other Christian, Germany 6162 Oriental Christian 6163 Other Christian, Ghana 6164 Other Christian, Iran 6165 Assyrian or Chaldean 6166 Armenian 6167 Other Christians 6168 Other Christian, Indonesia 6169 Other Christian 6170 Protestant/Other Christian 6171 Other Christian, Ireland 6172 Church of Ireland 6173 Church of Scotland 6174 Independent 6175 Unitarian 6176 Salvation Army 6177 Free Church 6178 Brethren 6179 Christian Brethren 6180 Plymouth Brethren 6181 Quaker 6182 Other Christians 6183 Other Christian, Ivory Coast 6184 Other Christian, Jamaica 6185 Brethren 6186 Church of God 6187 Church of God of Prophecy 6188 Other Church of God 6189 United Church 6190 Salvation Army 6191 New Testament 6192 Disciples of Christ 6193 Other Christian, Mauritius 6194 Christian Tamil 6195 Salvation and Healing Mission 6196 Voice of Deliverance 6197 Other Christian 6198 Other Christian, Mexico 6199 Anabaptist 6200 Calvinist 6201 Cuaquera 6202 Disciples of Christ 6203 Christian Friendship Church 6204 Prayer House Church 6205 Faith Center 6206 Agape Force Church 6207 Alpha and Omega Church 6208 Living Water Church 6209 Apostolic Church 6210 Church of God 6211 Church of God of Prophecy 6212 Complete Gospel Church 6213 Evangelical Siblings Church 6214 Upper Room Church 6215 Pentecostal Indigenous Church 6216 Angular Stone Voice Church 6217 Pentecostal Missionary 6218 Christian 6219 Christian Societies 6220 Evangelical 6221 Evangelical Societies 6222 New Testament Evangelical 6223 Pentecostal 6224 Pentecostal Societies 6225 Independent Pentecostal 6226 Evangelical Christian Societies 6227 Pentecostal Christian Societies 6228 Evangelical Pentecostal Societies 6229 Evangelical Pentecostal Christian Societies 6230 Soldiers of Christ's Cross Church 6231 Tabernacle 6232 Traditionalists 6233 Other Evangelical Pentecostal Societies 6234 Pentecostal not clearly specified 6235 Living God, Light of the World 6236 Christian and Missionary Alliance 6237 Non-Pentecostal Apostolic 6238 Evangelical Associations 6239 Biblical 6240 Confraternities 6241 Christ Church 6242 Peace Grace and Misericordia Church 6243 Open Bible Church 6244 Holiness Church 6245 Evangelical Salem Church 6246 Beautiful Woman Dressed in the Sun 6247 Messianic Church 6248 Evangelical Ministers 6249 Evangelical Missionaries 6250 Evangelical Movements 6251 New Jerusalem 6252 World Vision Church 6253 Evangelical not clearly specified 6254 Biblical - non-evangelicals 6255 Other Christians not clearly specified 6256 Assumptionist 6257 Carmelite 6258 Claretian 6259 Conception Franciscan 6260 Maronite Diocese of Mexico 6261 Dominican 6262 Servants of Mary Immaculate 6263 Franciscan 6264 Guadalupan 6265 Daughters of the Immaculate Conception 6266 Jesuit 6267 Legionaries of Christ 6268 Divine Word Missionary 6269 Pauline 6270 Sacred Heart 6271 Saint Joseph of Tarbes 6272 Servant of the Lord and the Virgin 6273 Servant of Jesus 6274 Greek Catholic Church 6275 Reformed Roman Catholic Church 6276 Mexican National Catholic Church 6277 Tridentine Latin Rite Catholic Church 6278 Priestly Society Trento 6279 Mexican Catholic Union of Trento 6280 Anabaptist / Memnonite 6281 Anglican / Episcopal 6282 House of Prayer 6283 Center of Faith, Hope and Love of the Missionary Revival Crusade 6284 Center of Faith, Hope and Love Agape Force 6285 Salvation Army 6286 Independent Pentecostal Fellowship 6287 Upper Chamber Church 6288 Faith Apostolic Church of Jesus Christ 6289 Spiritual Christian Church 6290 Pentecostal Evangelical Christian Church 6291 Interdenominational Christian Church 6292 Church of God Full Gospel in Mexico 6293 Church of Jesus Christ on the Rock 6294 Christ Evangelical Pentecostal Church Rock of my Salvation 6295 Mexican Church of Christ's Gospel Pentecost 6296 United Pentecostal Church of Mexico 6297 Universal Church of the Kingdom of God 6298 Only Christ Savior Christian Church 6299 Independent Evangelical Pentecostal Movement 6300 Prince of Peace 6301 National Union of Evangelical Christian Churches (UNICE) 6302 Union of Independent Evangelical Churches 6303 Other associations Pentecostal 6304 Church of the Living God, Pillar and Support of Truth, the Light of the World 6305 Bible Church 6306 Interdenominational Christian Church in Mexico 6307 Church of Christ 6308 Honey Church of Christ 6309 Independent Evangelical Church in Mexico 6310 Renewed Church of Jesus Christ and the Apostles of Divine Love 6311 Other Christian and Evangelical associations without Pentecostal support 6312 Faith Christian Church 6313 Traditional Apostolic Catholic Holy Church Mexico-USA 6314 Mexican Apostolic Catholic Church 6315 Elias 6316 Spiritualistic 6317 Spiritualist 6318 Marian Trinitarian Spirituality 6319 Spirituality of the Third Age 6320 Christian Spiritual 6321 Judiciary Society Reign of Leonardo Alcalá Leos 6322 Spirituality for the Divine Master and the purity of Mary 6323 Light and Hope 6324 Holy Spirit, Purity, Love and Light 6325 Christian Science 6326 Neo-Israelite Jewish Syncretic Movements 6327 Other Christian, Netherlands 6328 Reformed Churches in The Netherlands 6329 Other Reformed 6330 Other Christian, Papua New Guinea 6331 Asian Pacific Christian Mission 6332 Asutalian Church 6333 Bamu River Mission 6334 Christian Brethren Church of PNG 6335 Christian Mission of Many Lands 6336 Christian Revival Crusade 6337 Christain Union Mission 6338 Church of Christ of PNG 6339 Faith mission 6340 Four Square Gospel Mission 6341 Kwato Church 6342 Life Center 6343 Lighthouse church 6344 New Guinea Gospel Mission 6345 New Life Mission 6346 New tribes Mission 6347 Paliau Christian Native Church 6348 Rhema Fellowship 6349 Salvation Army 6350 Sovereign Grace 6351 United Church 6352 Wewak Fellowship 6353 Western Highland 6354 Independent 6355 Plymouth Brethern 6356 Tiliba Mission 6357 Tokarara Christian Fellowship 6358 Village Mission 6359 Other Christian 6360 Other Christian, Paraguay 6361 Christian Community 6362 Free Brothers 6363 Church of God 6364 Church of God of Prophecy 6365 New testament 6366 God is love 6367 Universal Church of the Kingdom of God 6368 People of God 6369 Family worship center 6370 Pseudo-Christian groups 6371 Other Christian, Philippines 6372 Aglipay 6373 Bible Christian Committees 6374 Born-again Christian 6375 Bread of Life Ministries 6376 Cathedral of Praise, Incorporated 6377 Charismatic Full Gospel Ministries 6378 Christ the Living Stone Fellowship 6379 Christian and Missionary Alliance 6380 Christians Missions 6381 Christian Reformed Church in the Philippines, Incorporated 6382 Church of Christ 6383 Crusaders of the Divine Church of Christ, Incorporated 6384 Evangelical Christian Outreach Foundation 6385 Evangelical Free Church 6386 Filipino Assemblies of the First Born Inc. 6387 Foursquare Gospel 6388 Free Believers in Christ Fellowship 6389 Free Mission in the Philippines Inc. 6390 God World Mission 6391 Good News Christian Churches 6392 IEMELIF Reform Movement 6393 Iglesia Evangelista Methodista en Las 6394 Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo 6395 Iglesia ni Cristo 6396 Iglesia sa Dios Espiritu Santo, Incorporated 6397 Jesus Christ Saves Global Outreach 6398 Jesus is Alive Community, Incorporated 6399 Jesus is Lord Church 6400 Jesus Reigns Ministries 6401 Love of Christ International Ministries 6402 Other Evangelical 6403 Other Evangelical Church 6404 Other Protestants 6405 Philippine Ecumenical Christian Church 6406 Philippine Evangelical Mission 6407 Philippine Grace Gospel Fellowship 6408 Philippines Benevolent Missionaries 6409 Philippines General Council of the Assemblies of God 6410 Potter's House Christian Center 6411 Salvation Army Philippines 6412 Take the Nation for Jesus Global Ministries (Corpus Christi) 6413 UNIDA Evangelical Church 6414 Union Espiritista Cristiana de Filipinas, Incorporated 6415 United Church of Christ in the Philippines 6416 United Evangelical Church of the Philippines (Chinese) 6417 Victory Chapel Christian Fellowship 6418 Wesleyan Church 6419 World Missionary Evangelism 6420 Worldwide Church of God 6421 Zion Christian Community Church 6422 Other Christian, Portugal 6423 Other Christian, Romania 6424 Greek Catholic 6425 Reformed Church 6426 Evangelic of Augustan Confession 6427 Evangelic Synodo-Presbyterian 6428 Christian of Old Rite 6429 Christian by Gospel 6430 Evangelic 6431 Other Christian, Rwanda 2002 6432 Other Christian, Sierra Leone 6433 Other Christian, Slovak Republic 6434 Old Catholic 6435 Greek Catholic 6436 Christian Reformed 6437 Other Christian, South Africa 6438 Reformed 6439 International Fellowship of Christian Churches 6440 Apostolic Faith Mission of SA 6441 Other Apostolic Churches 6442 Pinkster Protestant Church 6443 Afrikaanse Protestant Church 6444 Full Gospel Church of God in Southern Africa 6445 Pentecostal Churches 6446 Salvation Army 6447 Bandla Lama Nazaretha 6448 African Methodist Episcopal Church 6449 St John's Apostolic Church 6450 International Pentecost Church 6451 Ethiopian type churches 6452 Ethnic churches 6453 Other African Independent Churches 6454 Other Christian Churches 6455 Other Catholic Churches 6456 Other Pentecostal Churches 6457 Other Orthodox Churches 6458 Other African Apostolic churches 6459 Other Assemblies 6460 Christian Scientist 6461 Christian Centres 6462 Other Evangelical Churches 6463 Other Charismatic Churches 6464 Just a Christian or non-denominational 6465 Other 6466 Other Christian, Suriname 6467 Other Christian 6468 Other Christian, Saint Lucia 6469 Church of God 6470 Other Christian, Senegal 6471 Other Christian 6472 Other Christian, Switzerland 6473 Other protestant churches and communities 6474 Christ-Catholic church 6475 Other Christian communities 6476 Other Christian, Trinidad and Tobago 6477 Church of God 6478 African Methodist Espiscopalians 6479 Brethren, Christian or Plymouth 6480 Church of Christ 6481 Gospel Hall or Gospel Missionary 6482 Nazarenes 6483 Pilgrim Holiness 6484 Ethiopian Orthodox 6485 Open Bible Church 6486 Assemblies of Yahweh 6487 Evangelical Church of West Indies 6488 Christadelphian 6489 Full Gospel Fellowship 6490 Dutch Reform 6491 Christian Brotherhood Assembly 6492 Other Christian, Uganda 6493 Other Christian 6494 Salvation Army 6495 Other Christian non-Catholic, Uruguay 6496 Other Christian non-Catholic, Guatemala 6497 Other Christian, Togo 7000 Other 7001 Bahai 7002 Sikh 7003 Rastafarian 7100 Other, Armenia 7101 Pagan 7102 Shar-fadinian 7103 Other, Austria 7104 Unification Church, Austria 7105 Other, Benin 7106 Traditional 7107 Vodoun 7108 Other, Botswana 7109 Badimo 7110 Other, Brazil 7111 Spiritist 7112 Kardecist Spiritist 7113 Afro Spiritist 7114 Mediumistic Spiritist 7115 Umbandist Mediumistic 7116 Candomblecist Mediumistic 7117 Other Afro-Brazilian 7118 Oriental, Brazil 7119 New Oriental 7120 Oriental Seicho No-le 7121 Other Oriental, Brazil 7122 Esoteric, Brazil 7123 Indigenous, Brazil 7124 Other minority groups, Brazil 7125 Other, Burkina Faso 7126 Animist 7127 Other, Cameroon 7128 Animist 7129 Other, Canada 7130 Eastern religions, Canada 7131 Other, Chile 7132 Theosophism 7133 Shintoism 7134 Other, Ethiopia 7135 Traditional 7136 Other, Ethiopia 7137 Other, Fiji 7138 Confucian 7139 Kabir Panthi 7140 Satya Sai Baba 7141 Bahai 7142 Other non-Christian, Fiji 7143 Other, Germany 7144 Other, Germany 7145 Other, Ghana 7146 Traditional, Ghana 7147 Other, Guinea 7148 Animist 7149 Other, Guinea 7150 Other, Haiti 7151 Voodoo 7152 Other, India 7153 Jainism 7154 Zoroastrianism 7155 Other, India 7156 Other, Indonesia 7157 Confucianism 7158 Other, Indonesia 7159 Other, Iran 7160 Zoroastrian 7161 Other, Iran 7162 Other, Ivory Coast 7163 Animist 7164 Harrist 7165 Other, Jamaica 7166 Muslim/Hindu 7167 Other, Israel 7168 Druse 7169 Other, Israel 7170 Other, Laos 7171 Animist 7172 Other, Liberia 7173 Traditional 7174 Other, Malaysia 7175 Confucianism/Taoism 7176 Tribal/Folk religion, Malaysia 7177 Other, Mali 7178 Animist 7179 Other, Mexico 7180 Brahmanism 7181 Hare Krishna 7182 Shintoism 7183 Taoism 7184 Mexican Movements 7185 Ananda Marga 7186 Church of Scientology 7187 Masons 7188 Raelian Movement 7189 New Age Movement 7190 Neoisraelites 7191 Occultists 7192 Palmar of Troya 7193 Rose Cross 7194 Theosophism 7195 Spiritualist Special Keys 7196 Onkaranada Center 7197 Confucianism 7198 Shia 7199 Universal Great Brotherhood 7200 Esoteric Science 7201 Gnosticism 7202 Metaphysics 7203 Wicca 7204 Shamanism 7205 The Custom 7206 Mexicayotl 7207 Restorative Confederate Movement of Anahuac Culture 7208 African Origin 7209 Indigenous Religions 7210 Growing in Grace 7211 Eckankar 7212 Transcendental Meditation 7213 Mission Branch 7214 Children of God 7215 Sri Sathya Sai Baba 7216 Other religions from Asia 7217 Ethnic roots 7218 Afro roots 7219 Popular cults 7220 Other new religious movements 7221 Other, Nepal 7222 Kirat 7223 Jain 7224 Garaute 7225 Tap jura 7226 Bon 7227 Prakriti 7228 Other, Nigeria 7229 Traditional 7230 Other, Pakistan 7231 Ahmadi 7232 Parsi 7233 Scheduled caste 7234 Other, Paraguay 7235 Philosophical revelations 7236 Indigenous religion 7237 Reyukai 7238 Other, Paraguay 7239 Other, Philippines 7240 Door of Faith 7241 Faith Tabernacle Church (Living Rock Ministries) 7242 Iglesia Filipina Independiente 7243 International One Way Outreach 7244 Miracle Life Fellowship International 7245 Miracle Revival Church of the Philippines 7246 Philippine Good News Ministries 7247 Philippine Missionary fellowship 7248 Things to Come 7249 Way of Salvation 7250 Word of the World 7251 Word International Ministries 7252 Tribal Religions, Philippines 7253 Other, Romania 7254 Unitarian 7255 Armenian 7256 Mosaic 7257 Other, Romania 7258 Other, Rwanda 7259 Traditional religion, Rwanda 7260 Other, Rwanda 7261 Other, Sierra Leone 7262 Traditional religion, Sierra Leone 7263 Other, South Africa 7264 African traditional belief 7265 Taoist 7266 Confucian 7267 New Age 7268 Winti 7269 Javanism 7270 Other non-Christian, S. Africa 7271 Other, Suriname 7272 Javanism 7273 Traditional 7274 Winti 7275 Other, Thailand 7276 Confucian 7277 Other, Trinidad and Tobago 7278 Pocamania or Shango 7279 Orisha 7280 Other, Uganda 7281 Traditional religion 7282 Mammon 7283 Other non-Christian, Uganda 7284 Other, United Kindom 7285 Other, Uruguay 7286 Umbanda/other Afro-American 7287 Other, Uruguay 7288 Other, Vietnam 7289 Cao Dai 7290 Cham Brahmin 7296 Other, Togo 7297 Animist 7900 Other, not elsewhere classified 9999 Unknown RELIGION indicates the person's religion, including "none." IPUMS Ethnicity, Malaysia 01 Malay 02 Other Bumiputera 03 Indonesian 04 Negrito 05 Jakun 06 Semai 07 Semelai 08 Temiar 09 Other Indigenous 10 Other Malay 11 China, not specified 12 Hokkien 13 Cantonese 14 Khek (Hakka) 15 Teochew 16 Hainanese 17 Kwongsai 18 Hokchiu 19 Hokchia 20 Henghua 21 Other Chinese 22 India, not specified 23 Indian Tamil 24 Malayali 25 Telegu 26 Sikh 27 Other Punjabi 28 Other Indian 29 Pakistani 30 Bangladeshi 31 Sri Lankan Tam 32 Other Sri Lank 33 Thai 34 Vietnamese 35 Other Asian 36 Eurasian 37 European 38 Others 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) ETHNICMY reports the ethnic group, community, or dialect group to which the person reported they belonged. IPUMS Speaks English 1 Yes 2 No 7 Does not speak 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) SPEAKENG indicates whether the respondent could speak English or if English was the respondent's language of literacy. IPUMS School attendance NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No, not specified 3 No, attended in the past 4 No, never attended 9 Unknown/missing SCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census. IPUMS Literacy NIU (not in universe) 1 No, illiterate 2 Yes, literate 9 Unknown/missing LIT indicates whether or not the respondent could read and write in any language. A person is typically considered literate if he or she can both read and write. All other persons are illiterate, including those who can either read or write but cannot do both. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than primary completed 2 Primary completed 3 Secondary completed 4 University completed 9 Unknown EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Less than primary completed (n.s.) 110 No schooling 120 Some primary completed 130 Primary (4 yrs) completed 211 Primary (5 yrs) completed 212 Primary (6 yrs) completed 221 Lower secondary general completed 222 Lower secondary technical completed 311 Secondary, general track completed 312 Some college completed 320 Secondary or post-secondary technical completed 321 Secondary, technical track completed 322 Post-secondary technical education 400 University completed 999 Unknown/missing EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Years of schooling 00 None or pre-school 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years or more 90 Not specified 91 Some primary 92 Some technical after primary 93 Some secondary 94 Some tertiary 95 Adult literacy 96 Special education 98 Unknown/missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHOOL indicates the highest grade/level of schooling the person had completed, in years. Only formal schooling is counted. YRSCHOOL accounts for the number of years of study, regardless of the track or kind of study. Information on degree and/or technical track is available in EDATTAIN. Years of schooling for Israel, categorized into intervals, are given in YRSCHOOL2. Users should pay close attention to the top-codes in each sample, as discussed in the comparability section. IPUMS Educational attainment, Malaysia 000 Less than primary 010 No schooling 020 Preschool 100 Primary education 110 Primary standard 1 120 Primary standard 2 130 Primary standard 3 140 Primary standard 4 150 Primary standard 5 160 Primary standard 6 198 Some primary 199 Primary completed 200 Secondary education 210 Lower secondary 211 Form 1-2 212 Form 1-3 213 Form 1 214 Form 2 215 Form 3 without certificate 216 Form 3 with certificate [completed] 220 Upper secondary, academic 221 Form 4-5 (2000) 222 Form 4 223 Form 5, without certificate 224 Form 5, with certificate 230 Upper secondary, vocational/technical 231 Form 4-5 (2000) 232 Form 4 233 Form 5, without certificate 234 Form 5, with certificate 240 Form 6 241 Form 6, lower 242 Form 6, upper 243 Form 6 with certificate [completed] 300 Tertiary education 310 Trade and technical education 320 University, college, polytechnic 321 University, college without degree/diploma 322 University, college with diploma 323 University, college with degree 999 Unknown EDUCMY indicates the person's educational attainment in Malaysia in terms of the level of schooling completed or the level currently attending. IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive 9 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Employed, not specified 110 At work 111 At work, and 'student' 112 At work, and 'housework' 113 At work, and 'seeking work' 114 At work, and 'retired' 115 At work, and 'no work' 116 At work, and other situation 117 At work, family holding, not specified 118 At work, family holding, not agricultural 119 At work, family holding, agricultural 120 Have job, not at work in reference period 130 Armed forces 131 Armed forces, at work 132 Armed forces, not at work in reference period 133 Military trainee 140 Marginally employed 200 Unemployed, not specified 201 Unemployed 6 or more months 202 Worked fewer than 6 months, permanent job 203 Worked fewer than 6 months, temporary job 210 Unemployed, experienced worker 220 Unemployed, new worker 230 No work available 240 Inactive unemployed 300 Inactive (not in labor force) 310 Housework 320 Unable to work, disabled or health reasons 321 Permanent disability 322 Temporary illness 323 Disabled or imprisoned 330 In school 340 Retirees and living on rent 341 Living on rents 342 Living on rents or pension 343 Retirees/pensioners 344 Retired 345 Pensioner 346 Non-retirement pension 347 Disability pension 348 Retired without benefits 350 Elderly 351 Elderly or disabled 360 Institutionalized 361 Prisoner 370 Intermittent worker 371 Not working, seasonal worker 372 Not working, occasional worker 380 Other income recipient 390 Inactive, other reasons 391 Too young to work 392 Dependent 999 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Labor force participation 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO general 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. IPUMS Occupation, unrecoded OCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census. To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses. OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Belarus 1999 - Russian Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1985 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 1976 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981-1991 Canada 2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 Colombia 1973 - Spanish Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d'Ivoire 1988 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Denmark 1845 Denmark 1880 Denmark 1885 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1974 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971-1991 - Greek Greece 2001 - Greek Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 1996 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 1988 Honduras 2001 Hungary 1970-1990 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983-2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2005 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1901 Ireland 1911 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kenya 1989 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Laos 1995 Lesotho 1996 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico Surveys 2005-2020 Mongolia 2000 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970 - Spanish Panama 1980 - Spanish Panama 1990 - Spanish Panama 2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 1990 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 1988 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991 - Portuguese Portugal 2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970 Puerto Rico 1980 Puerto Rico 1990 Puerto Rico 2000-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2002 Senegal 2013 Slovak Republic 1991 Slovak Republic 2001 Slovak Republic 2011 Sierra Leone 2004 Sierra Leone 2015 Slovenia 2002 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001 South Africa 2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970 Switzerland 1980 Switzerland 1990 Switzerland 2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 1988 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1960 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 1991 Uganda 2002 Uganda 2014 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1975 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 Zimbabwe 2012 IPUMS Occupation, ISCO-1968, 3-digit 011 Chemists 012 Physicists 013 Physical scientists not elsewhere classified 014 Physical science technicians 021 Architects and town planners 022 Civil engineers 023 Electrical and electronics engineers 024 Mechanical engineers 025 Chemical engineers 026 Metallurgists 027 Mining engineers 028 Industrial engineers 029 Engineers not elsewhere classified 031 Surveyors 032 Draughtsmen 033 Civil engineering technicians 034 Electrical and electronics engineering technicians 035 Mechanical engineering technicians 036 Chemical engineering technicians 037 Metallurgical technicians 038 Mining technicians 039 Engineering technicians not elsewhere classified 041 Aircraft pilots, navigators and flight engineers 042 Ships' deck officers and pilots 043 Ships' engineers 049 Aircraft and ships officers, n.e.c. 051 Biologists, zoologists and related scientists 052 Bacteriologists, pharmacologists and related scientists 053 Agronomists and related scientists 054 Life sciences technicians 059 Life sciences technicians and related technicians, n.e.c. 061 Medical doctors 062 Medical assistants 063 Dentists 064 Dental assistants 065 Veterinarians 066 Veterinary assistants 067 Pharmacists 068 Pharmaceutical assistants 069 Dietitians and public health nutritionists 071 Professional nurses 072 Nursing personnel not elsewhere classified 073 Professional midwives 074 Midwifery personnel not elsewhere classified 075 Optometrists and opticians 076 Physiotherapists and occupational therapists 077 Medical Xray technicians 079 Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers not elsewhere classified 081 Statisticians 082 Mathematicians and actuaries 083 Systems Analysts 084 Statistical and mathematical technicians 089 Statisticians, mathematicians, systems analysts and related technicians, n.e.c. 090 Economists 099 Other social scientists, n.e.c. 110 Accountants 121 Lawyers 122 Judges 129 Jurists not elsewhere classified 131 University and higher education teachers 132 Secondary education teachers 133 Primary education teachers 134 Preprimary education teachers 135 Special education teachers 139 Teachers not elsewhere classified 141 Ministers of religion and related members of religious orders 149 Workers in religion not elsewhere classified 151 Authors and critics 159 Authors, journalists and related writers not elsewhere classified 161 Sculptors, painters and related artists 162 Commercial artists and designers 163 Photographers and cameramen 169 Sculptors, painters and related artists, n.e.c. 171 Composers, musicians and singers 172 Choreographers and dancers 173 Actors and stage directors 174 Producers, performing arts 175 Circus performers 179 Performing artists not elsewhere classified 180 Athletes, sportsmen and related workers 191 Librarians, archivists and curators 192 Sociologists, anthropologists and related scientists 193 Social workers 194 Personnel and occupational specialists 195 Philologists, translators and interpreters 199 Other professional, technical and related workers 201 Legislative officials 202 Government administrators 211 General managers 212 Production managers (except farm) 219 Managers not elsewhere classified 299 Administrative and managerial, n.e.c. 300 Clerical supervisors 310 Government executive officials 321 Stenographers, typists and teletypists 322 Card and tapepunching machine operators 323 Telex operators 329 Stenegraphers, typists and teletypists, n.e.d. 331 Bookkeepers and cashiers 339 Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers not elsewhere classified 341 Bookkeeping and calculating machine operators 342 Automatic dataprocessing machine operators 349 Computing machine operators, n.e.c. 351 Railway station masters 352 Postmasters 359 Transport and communications supervisors not elsewhere classified 360 Transport conductors 370 Mail distribution clerks 380 Telephone and telegraph operators 391 Stock clerks 392 Material and production planning clerks 393 Correspondence and reporting clerks 394 Receptionists and travel agency clerks 395 Library and filing clerks 399 Clerks not elsewhere classified 400 Managers (wholesale and retail trade) 410 Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) 421 Sales supervisors 422 Buyers 431 Technical salesmen and service advisers 432 Commercial travellers and Manufacturers' agents 439 Technical salesmen, commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents, n.e.c. 441 Insurance, real estate and securities salesmen 442 Business services salesmen 443 Auctioneers 451 Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators 452 Street vendors, canvassers and newsvendors 454 Itinerant traders 459 Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators, n.e.c. 490 Sales workers not elsewhere classified 500 Managers (catering and lodging services) 510 Working proprietors (catering and lodging services) 520 Housekeeping and related service supervisors 531 Cooks 532 Waiters, bartenders and related workers 540 Maids and related housekeeping service workers not elsewhere classified 551 Building caretakers 552 Charworkers, cleaners and related workers 560 Launderers, drycleaners and pressers 570 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 581 Firefighters 582 Policemen and detectives 589 Protective service workers not elsewhere classified 591 Guides 592 Undertakers and embalmers 599 Other service workers 600 Farm managers and supervisors 611 General farmers 612 Specialised farmers 621 General farm workers 622 Field crop and vegetable farm workers 623 Orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop workers 624 Livestock workers 625 Dairy farm workers 626 Poultry farm workers 627 Nursery workers and gardeners 628 Farm machinery operators 629 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers not elsewhere classified 631 Loggers 632 Forestry workers (except logging) 639 Forestry and loggers, n.e.c. 641 Fishermen 649 Fishermen, hunters and related workers not elsewhere classified 700 Production supervisors and general foremen 711 Miners and quarrymen 712 Mineral and stone treaters 713 Well drillers, borers and related workers 721 Metal smelting, converting and refining furnacemen 722 Metal rollingmill workers 723 Metal melters and reheaters 724 Metal casters 725 Metal moulders and coremakers 726 Metal annealers, temperers and casehardeners 727 Metal drawers and extruders 728 Metal platers and coaters 729 Metal processers not elsewhere classified 731 Wood treaters 732 Sawyers, plywood makers and related woodprocessing workers 733 Paper pulp preparers 734 Paper makers 739 Wood preparation workers and paper makers, n.e.c. 741 Crushers, grinders and mixers 742 Cookers, roasters and related heattreaters 743 Filter and separator operators 744 Still and reactor operators 745 Petroleum refining workers 749 Chemical processers and related workers not elsewhere classified 751 Fibre preparers 752 Spinners and winders 753 Weaving and knittingmachine setters and patterncard preparers 754 Weavers and related workers 755 Knitters 756 Bleachers, dyers and textile product finishers 759 Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers not elsewhere classified 761 Tanners and fellmongers 762 Pelt dressers 769 Tanners, fellmongers and pelt dressers, n.e.c. 771 Grain millers and related workers 772 Sugar processers and refiners 773 Butchers and meat preparers 774 Food preservers 775 Dairy product processers 776 Bakers, pastrycooks and confectionery makers 777 Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers 778 Brewers, wine and beverage makers 779 Food and beverage processers not elsewhere classified 781 Tobacco preparers 782 Cigar makers 783 Cigarette makers 789 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers not elsewhere classified 791 Tailors and dressmakers 792 Fur tailors and related workers 793 Milliners and hatmakers 794 Patternmakers and cutters 795 Sewers and embroiderers 796 Upholsterers and related workers 799 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related workers not elsewhere classified 801 Shoemakers and shoe repairers 802 Shoe cutters, lasters, sewers and related workers 803 Leather goods makers 811 Cabinetmakers 812 Woodworking machine operators 819 Cabinetmakers and related woodworkers not elsewhere classified 820 Stone cutters and carvers 831 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forgingpress operators 832 Toolmakers, metal patternmakers and metal markers 833 Machinetool setteroperators 834 Machinetool operators 835 Metal grinders, polishers and tool sharpeners 839 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machinetool operators not elsewhere classified 841 Machinery fitters and machine assemblers 842 Watch, clock and precision instrument makers 843 Motor vehicle mechanics 844 Aircraft engine mechanics 849 Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision instrument makers (except electrical) not elsewhere classified 851 Electrical fitters 852 Electronics fitters 853 Electrical and electronics equipment assemblers 854 Radio and television repairmen 855 Electrical wiremen 856 Telephone and telegraph installers 857 Electric linemen and cable jointers 859 Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers not elsewhere classified 861 Broadcasting station operators 862 Sound equipment operators and cinema projectionists 871 Plumbers and pipe fitters 872 Welders and flamecutters 873 Sheetmetal workers 874 Structural metal preparers and erectors 879 Other plumbers, welders, sheet metal and structural metal preparers and erectors 880 Jewellery and precious metal workers 891 Glass formers, cutters, grinders and finishers 892 Potters and related clay and abrasive formers 893 Glass and ceramics kilnmen 894 Glass engravers and etchers 895 Glass and ceramics painters and decorators 899 Glass formers, potters and related workers not elsewhere classified 901 Rubber and plastics product makers (except tire makers and tire vulcanisers) 902 Tire makers and vulcanisers 910 Paper and paperboard products makers 921 Compositors and typesetters 922 Printing pressmen 923 Stereotypers and electrotypers 924 Printing engravers (except photoengravers) 925 Photoengravers 926 Bookbinders and related workers 927 Photographic darkroom workers 929 Printers and related workers not elsewhere classified 931 Painters, construction 939 Painters not elsewhere classified 941 Musical instrument makers and tuners 942 Basketry weavers and brush makers 943 Nonmetallic mineral product makers 949 Other production and related workers 951 Bricklayers, stonemasons and tile setters 952 Reinforced concreters, cement finishers and terrazzo workers 953 Roofers 954 Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers 955 Plasterers 956 Insulators 957 Glaziers 959 Construction workers not elsewhere classified 961 Power generating machinery operators 969 Stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified 971 Dockers and freight handlers 972 Riggers and cable splicers 973 Crane and hoist operators 974 Earthmoving and related machinery operators 979 Material handling equipment operators not elsewhere classified 981 Ships' deck ratings, barge crews and boatmen 982 Ships' engineroom ratings 983 Railway engine drivers and firemen 984 Railway brakemen, signalmen and shunters 985 Motor vehicle drivers 986 Animal and animaldrawn vehicle drivers 989 Transport equipment operators not elsewhere classified 990 Labourers not elsewhere classified 995 Armed forces 997 Response suppressed 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) ISCO68A provides the 3-digit occupation code for the respondent using the ISCO-1968 occupation classification. IPUMS Industry, general recode 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agriculture, fishing, and forestry 020 Mining and extraction 030 Manufacturing 040 Electricity, gas, water and waste management 050 Construction 060 Wholesale and retail trade 070 Hotels and restaurants 080 Transportation, storage, and communications 090 Financial services and insurance 100 Public administration and defense 110 Services, not specified 111 Business services and real estate 112 Education 113 Health and social work 114 Other services 120 Private household services 130 Other industry, n.e.c. 998 Response suppressed 999 Unknown INDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples. "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked. IPUMS Industry, unrecoded "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International. IND is a 5-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2001 Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Austria 2011 Bangladesh 1991 Bangladesh 2001 Bangladesh 2011 Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981 Canada 1991-2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 Chile 2017 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 - Spanish Colombia 1973 - Spanish Colombia 1993 - Spanish Colombia 2005 - Spanish Costa Rica 1963 Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d’Ivoire 1988 Cote d’Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 1996 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1966 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1968 - French France 1975-1982 - French France 1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1971 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971 Greece 1981 Greece 1991-2001 Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1971 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 2001 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983 India 1987 India 1993 India 1999 India 2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2000 Indonesia 2005 Indonesia 2010 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2013 Italy Surveys 2014-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 Laos 1995 Laos 2005 Laos 2015 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico surveys 2005-2019 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2006 Nigeria 2007 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970-1980 - Spanish Panama 1990-2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 1995 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991-2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2013 Sierra Leone 2004 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001-2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970-2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 2002 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1985 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed 2 Wage/salary worker 3 Unpaid worker 4 Other 9 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Self-employed 101 Self-employed, unincorporated 102 Self-employed, incorporated 110 Employer 111 Sharecropper, employer 120 Working on own account 121 Own account, agriculture 122 Domestic worker, self-employed 123 Subsistence worker, own consumption 124 Own account, other 125 Own account, without temporary/unpaid help 126 Own account, with temporary/unpaid help 130 Member of cooperative 140 Sharecropper 141 Sharecropper, self-employed 142 Sharecropper, employee 150 Kibbutz member 199 Self-employed, not specified 200 Wage/salary worker 201 Management 202 Non-management 203 White collar (non-manual) 204 Blue collar (manual) 205 White or blue collar 206 Day laborer 207 Employee, with a permanent job 208 Employee, occasional, temporary, contract 209 Employee without legal contract 210 Wage/salary worker, private employer 211 Apprentice 212 Religious worker 213 Wage/salary worker, non-profit, NGO 214 White collar, private 215 Blue collar, private 216 Paid family worker 217 Cooperative employee 220 Wage/salary worker, government 221 Federal, government employee 222 State government employee 223 Local government employee 224 White collar, public 225 Blue collar, public 226 Public companies 227 Civil servants, local collectives 230 Domestic worker (work for private household) 240 Seasonal migrant 241 Seasonal migrant, no broker 242 Seasonal migrant, uses broker 250 Other wage and salary 251 Canal zone/commission employee 252 Government employment/training program 253 Mixed state/private enterprise/parastatal 254 Government public work program 255 State enterprise employee 256 Coordinated and continuous collaboration job 300 Unpaid worker 310 Unpaid family worker 320 Apprentice, unpaid or unspecified 330 Trainee 340 Apprentice or trainee 350 Works for others without wage 400 Other 999 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Years residing in current locality 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year (or 1 year or less) 02 2 years 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ years 96 Less than 5 years 97 More than 5 years 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) MIGYRS1 indicates how many years the person has resided in their current locality of residence. IPUMS Administrative district of previous residence, Malaysia; consistent boundaries, GIS 458001001 Batu Pahat 458001002 Johor Bahru 458001003 Kluang 458001004 Kota Tinggi 458001005 Mersing 458001006 Muar 458001007 Pontian 458001008 Segamat 458001098 Johor state, unknown district 458002001 Baling 458002002 Bandar Baharu 458002003 Kota Setar, Pendang 458002004 Kuala Muda 458002005 Kubang Pasu 458002006 Kulim 458002007 Langkawi 458002008 Padang Terap 458002009 Sik 458002010 Yan 458002098 Kedah State, unknown district 458003001 Bachok 458003002 Kota Bharu 458003003 Machang 458003004 Pasir Mas 458003005 Pasir Puteh 458003006 Tanah Merah, Gua Musang, Kuala Krai, Jeli 458003007 Tumpat 458003098 Kelantan state, unknown district 458004001 Alor Gajah 458004002 Jasin 458004003 Melaka Tengah 458004098 Melaka state, unknown district 458005001 Jelebu 458005002 Kuala Pilah, Jempol 458005003 Port Dickson 458005004 Rembau 458005005 Seremban 458005006 Tampin 458005098 Negeri Sembilan state, unknown district 458006001 Bentong 458006002 Cameron Highlands 458006003 Jerantut, Lipis, Pekan, Temerloh, Rompin, Maran, Bera 458006004 Kuantan 458006005 Raub 458006098 Pahang state, unknown district 458007001 S.P. Tengah 458007002 S.P. Utara 458007003 S.P.Selatan 458007004 Timur Laut 458007005 Barat Daya 458007098 Pulau Pinang state, unknown district 458008001 Batang Padang 458008002 Manjung (Dinding) 458008003 Kinta 458008004 Kerian 458008005 Kuala Kangsar, Perak Tengah 458008006 Larut Dan Matang 458008007 Hilir Perak 458008008 Ulu Perak 458009098 Perak state, unknown district 458009001 Perlis 458010001 Gombak, Klang, Kuala Langat, Petaling, Sepang, Ulu Langat, Ulu Selangor, WP. Kuala Lumpur 458010002 Kuala Selangor 458010003 Sabak Bernam 458010098 Selangor State and Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory, unknown district 458011001 Besut, Kuala Terengganu, Setiu 458011002 Dungun 458011003 Kemaman 458011004 Marang 458011005 Hulu Terengganu 458011098 Terengganu State, unknown district 458012001 Tawau 458012002 Lahad Datu, Kunak 458012003 Semporna 458012004 Sandakan 458012005 Kinabatangan, Tongod 458012006 Beluran 458012007 Kota Kinabalu 458012008 Ranau 458012009 Kota Belud 458012010 Tuaran 458012011 Penampang 458012012 Papar 458012013 Kudat, Kota Marudu, Pitas 458012014 Beaufort, Kuala Penyu 458012015 Sipitang 458012016 Tenom 458012017 Nabawan 458012018 Keningau 458012019 Tambunan 458012020 W.P. Labuan 458012098 Sabah State and Labuan Federal Territory, unknown district 458013001 Kuching, Samarahan, Asajaya 458013002 Bau 458013003 Lundu 458013004 Serian 458013005 Simunjan 458013006 Sri Aman 458013007 Lubok Antu 458013008 Betong 458013009 Saratok 458013010 Sarikei 458013011 Meradong, Daro, Matu 458013012 Julau, Kanowit 458013013 Sibu, Dalat, Mukah 458013014 Bintulu, Tatau 458013015 Kapit, Song 458013016 Belaga 458013017 Miri 458013018 Marudi 458013019 Limbang 458013020 Lawas 458013098 Sarawak State, unknown district 458097097 Abroad 458098098 Unknown MIG2_P_MY indicates the person's administrative district of previous residence within Malaysia. Migration administrative district codes from MIG2_P_MY are compatible with codes from GEO2_MY. MIG2_P_MY is only available for the 1970 and the 1980 samples. Click on the Source Variables tab for information on place of residence for each sample year. Source variables may contain more geographic unit detail but are not suitable for cross-temporal comparison. IPUMS Disability status NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes, disabled 2 No, not disabled 9 Unknown DISABLED indicates whether the person reported a disability of any kind. IPUMS Blind or vision-impaired NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISBLND indicates whether the person was blind or had limited vision. IPUMS Deaf or hearing-impaired NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISDEAF indicates whether the person was deaf or had limited hearing. IPUMS Mute or speech impaired NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISMUTE indicates if the person could not speak or had a significant speech impediment. IPUMS Person number (within household) Malaysia 1980: All records 00 Household record 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 This variable indicates the person number (within household). IPUMS Sex <svar a="all" v="MY80A401">2. Sex:<br /><div class="i1">[] Male<br />[] Female</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1 Male 2 Female This variable indicates the sex. IPUMS Relationship to head of household <svar a="all" v="MY80A402">3. Relationship to head of household: ____<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 01 Head 02 Spouse of head 03 Unmarried child of head 04 Married child of head 05 Daughter-in-law/son-in-law of head 06 Grandchild of head 07 Father/mother of head or of spouse of head 08 Brother/sister of head 09 Other persons related to head 10 Other persons unrelated to head 11 Visitors This variable indicates the relationship to head of household. IPUMS Age in completed years <svar a="all" v="MY80A403 MY80A404">4. How old are you? <br /><div class="i1">Completed years ____<br /><br />Month from last birthday to Census Day ____</div><br /><br />5. What is your date of birth?<br /><div class="i1">Day ____ <br />Month ____<br />Year ____</div><br /><br />6. What is your Chinese date of birth?<br /><div class="i1">Day ____<br />Month ____<br />Year ____</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 00 Lesss than 1 year of age 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99+ This variable indicates the person's age in completed years. IPUMS Year of birth <svar a="all" v="MY80A403 MY80A404">4. How old are you? <br /><div class="i1">Completed years ____<br /><br />Month from last birthday to Census Day ____</div><br /><br />5. What is your date of birth?<br /><div class="i1">Day ____ <br />Month ____<br />Year ____</div><br /><br />6. What is your Chinese date of birth?<br /><div class="i1">Day ____<br />Month ____<br />Year ____</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1881 1881 1882 1882 1883 1883 1884 1884 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 1887 1888 1888 1889 1889 1890 1890 1891 1891 1892 1892 1893 1893 1894 1894 1895 1895 1896 1896 1897 1897 1898 1898 1899 1899 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 This variable indicates the person's year of birth. IPUMS Ethnic group <svar a="all" v="MY80A405">7. To what ethnic group, community or dialect group do you belong? _ _ <br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 01 Malay 02 Indonesian 03 Negrito 04 Jakun 05 Semai 06 Semelai 07 Temiar 08 Other Indigeno 09 Other Malay Ra 10 Hokkien 11 Cantonese 12 Khek (Hakka) 13 Teochew 14 Hainanese 15 Kwongsai 16 Hokchiu 17 Hokchia 18 Henghua 19 Other Chinese 20 Indian Tamil 21 Malayali 22 Telegu 23 Sikh 24 Other Punjabi 25 Other Indian 26 Pakistani 27 Bangladeshi 28 Sri Lankan Tam 29 Other Sri Lank 30 Thai 31 Vietnamese 32 Other Asian 33 Eurasian 34 European 35 Others This variable indicates the ethnic group the person belongs to. IPUMS Religion <svar a="all" v="MY80A406">8. What is your religion?<br /><div class="i1">[] Islam<br />[] Christianity<br />[] Hinduism<br />[] Buddhism<br />[] Confucianism, Taoism and other traditional Chinese religion<br />[] Tribal, fork religion<br />[] Other<br />[] No religion</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1 Islam 2 Christianity 3 Hinduism 4 Buddhism 5 Confucianism/Taois 6 Tribal/Folk Religion 7 Other 8 No Religion This variable indicates the religion of the person. IPUMS Citizenship <svar a="all" v="MY80A407">9. What citizenship do you have?<br /><div class="i1">[] Under 12 years of age (Skip to 11)<br />[] Malaysia<br />[] Singapore<br />[] Indonesia<br />[] Philippines<br />[] Thailand<br />[] Other foreign<br />[] Unknown</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 12+ [discrepancies: none] 1 NIU (not in universe) 2 Malaysian citizen 3 Singapore 4 Indonesian 5 Philippines 6 Thailand 7 Other foreign 9 Unknown This variable indicates the citizenship of the person. IPUMS Color of identity card <svar a="all" v="MY80A408">10. What is the color of your Malaysia identify card?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 10 was asked of persons who are 12 years old or above.]<br /><br />[] None<br />[] Blue<br />[] Red<br />[] Green<br />[] Others</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 12+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 None 2 Blue 3 Red 4 Green 5 Other 9 Unknown This variable indicates the color of identity card the person owns. IPUMS School attendance <svar a="all" v="MY80A409">11. Have you ever been to school? (excluding adult education and kindergarten)<br /><div class="i1">[] Currently Attending<br />[] Completed<br />[] No (Skip to 14)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1 Currently attending school 2 Completed schooling 3 Never attended school This variable indicates the status of school attendance. IPUMS Level of schooling <svar v="MY80A410 MY80A411 MY80A412">[Questions 12-13 were asked of persons who had ever been to school.] <br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A410 MY80A412">12. What was/is the highest level of schooling you completed/are currently attending?<br /><div class="i1">Primary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Std. 1<br />[] Std. 2<br />[] Std. 3<br />[] Std. 4<br />[] Std. 5<br />[] Std. 6</div><br /><div class="i1">Secondary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Remove/Form 1<br />[] Form 2<br />[] Form 3<br />[] Form 4<br />[] Form 5<br />[] Lower 6<br />[] Upped 6</div><br /><div class="i1">Vocational:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Form 4<br />[] Form 5</div><br /><div class="i1">Tertiary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] University/College</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 00 No schooling 01 Primary-Standard 1 02 Primary-Standard 2 03 Primary-Standard 3 04 Primary-Standard 4 05 Primary-Standard 5 06 Primary-Standard 6 07 Secondary-Remove/Form 1 08 Secondary-Form 2 09 Secondary-Form 3 10 Vocational- Vocation Form 4 11 Vocational- Vocational Form 12 Secondary-Form 4 13 Secondary-Form 5 14 Secondary-Form 6 lower 15 Secondary-Form 6 upper 16 University/College This variable indicates the level of schooling the person completed or is currently receiving. IPUMS Certificates obtained <svar v="MY80A410 MY80A411 MY80A412">[Questions 12-13 were asked of persons who had ever been to school.] <br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="MY80A411" v="MY80A411 MY80A412">13. What is the highest certificate you obtained?<br /><div class="i1">[] None<br />[] S.R.P./L.C.E.<br />[] S.P.M/S.P./M.C.E/S.C.<br />[] S.P.V.M./M.C.V.E.<br />[] S.T.P./H.S.C.<br />[] Diploma<br />[] Degree</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons who have ever attended school [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 None 2 SRP/LCE(Sijil Rendah Pelajaran/Lower Certificate of Education) 3 SPM/SP, MCE/SC (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia/Sijil Pelajaran, Malaysian Certificate of Education, School Certificate) 4 SPVM/MCVE(Sijil Pelajaran Vokesyenal Malaysia/Malaysian Certificate of Vocational Education) 5 STP/HSC(Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan/Higher School Certificate) 6 Diploma 7 Degree This variable indicates the certificates that the person has obtained. IPUMS Educational attainment <svar v="MY80A410 MY80A411 MY80A412">[Questions 12-13 were asked of persons who had ever been to school.] <br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A410 MY80A412">12. What was/is the highest level of schooling you completed/are currently attending?<br /><div class="i1">Primary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Std. 1<br />[] Std. 2<br />[] Std. 3<br />[] Std. 4<br />[] Std. 5<br />[] Std. 6</div><br /><div class="i1">Secondary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Remove/Form 1<br />[] Form 2<br />[] Form 3<br />[] Form 4<br />[] Form 5<br />[] Lower 6<br />[] Upped 6</div><br /><div class="i1">Vocational:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] Form 4<br />[] Form 5</div><br /><div class="i1">Tertiary:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] University/College</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="MY80A411" v="MY80A411 MY80A412">13. What is the highest certificate you obtained?<br /><div class="i1">[] None<br />[] S.R.P./L.C.E.<br />[] S.P.M/S.P./M.C.E/S.C.<br />[] S.P.V.M./M.C.V.E.<br />[] S.T.P./H.S.C.<br />[] Diploma<br />[] Degree</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 01 No schooling 02 Primary Standard 1 03 Primary Standard 2 04 Primary Standard 3 05 Primary Standard 4 06 Primary Standard 5 07 Primary Standard 6 08 Secondary Remove/Form 1 09 Secondary Form 2 10 Secondary Form 3 without SRP/LCE 11 Secondary Form 3 with SRP/LCE 12 Secondary Form 4 13 Secondary Form 5 without SPM/SP, MCE/SC 14 Secondary Form 5 with SPM/SP, MCE/SC 15 Secondary Lower 6 16 Secondary Upper 6 without STP/HSC 17 SecondaryUpper 6 with STP/HSC 18 Vocational Form 4 19 Vocational Form 5 without SPVM/MCVE 20 Vocational Form 5 with SPVM/MCVE 21 Tertiary University/College without Diploma/Degree 22 Tertiary University/College with Diploma 23 Tertiary University/College with Degree This variable indicates the educational attainment of the person. IPUMS Vocational training attendance <svar a="all" v="MY80A413">14. Have you received any vocational training?<br /><div class="i1">[] Currently Receiving<br />[] Completed <br />[] No (Skip to 16)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1 Currently Receiving 2 Completed 3 No 9 Unknown This variable indicates the status of vocational training attendance. IPUMS Field of vocational training <svar a="all" v="MY80A414">15. What field of vocational training are you currently receiving/have you received?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 15 was asked of persons who had ever received any vocational training.]<br /><br />[] 1 Building and woodworking<br />[] 2 Metal work including automotive repair and maintenance work<br />[] 3 Electrical and electronics work including radio and TV repair work<br />[] 4 Commercial work<br />[] 5 Agricultural work including logging<br />[] 6 Service work, including hotel and catering, beauty culture/hairdressing, tailoring and dressmaking<br />[] 7 Printing, printing, draftsman's work<br />[] 8 Others</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons who have ever been to vocational school [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Building and wood working 2 Metal work including automotive repair and maintenance work 3 Electrical and electronics work and radio and T.V. repair work 4 Commercial work 5 Agriculture including logging 6 Service work including hotel and catering, beauty culture, hair dressing, tailoring and dressmaking 7 Painting, printing and draftsman's work 8 Other 9 Unknown This variable indicates the field of vocational training the person completed or is currently receiving. IPUMS State or country of birth 16. Were you born in Malaysia?</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No (Skip to 18)<br />[] Unknown (Skip to 19)</div><p>17. In which state were you born?</p> <div class="i1">[Question 17 was asked of persons who were born in Malaysia.]<br /><br />[] Johore<br />[] Kedah<br />[] Kelantan<br />[] Malacca<br />[] Negri Sembilan<br />[] Pahang<br />[] Penang<br />[] Perak<br />[] Perlis<br />[] Selangor<br />[] Trengganu<br />[] Federal Territory<br />[] Sabah<br />[] Sarawak<br />[] State Unknown <br />(Skip to 19)</div><p>18. In which country were you born?</p> <div class="i1">[Question 18 was asked of those who were not born in Malaysia.]<br /><br />[] Singapore<br />[] Thailand<br />[] Indonesia<br />[] Philippines<br />[] Vietnam<br />[] China<br />[] India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka<br />[] Other countries<br />[] Unknown</div> Malaysia 1980: All persons 01 Johore 02 Kedah 03 Kelantan 04 Malacca 05 Negri Semilan 06 Pahang 07 Penang 08 Perak 09 Perlis 10 Selangor 11 Trengganu 12 Federal Territory 13 Sabah 14 Sarawak 15 State Unknown 16 Singapore 17 Indonesia 18 Philippines 19 Thailand 20 Vietnam 21 China 22 India/Pakistan/Bangladesh/Sri Lanka 23 Other countries 24 Respondent did not know 99 Unknown This variable indicates the state or country of birth. IPUMS Duration of residence in Malaysia 19. How long have you lived in Malaysia? (in years)</p> <div class="i1">[] Less than 1<br />[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6-9<br />[] 10<br />[] 11-20<br />[] 21 and over</div> Malaysia 1980: All persons 01 Less than 1 year 02 1 year 03 2 years 04 3 years 05 4 years 06 5 years 07 6 - 9 years 08 10 years 09 11 - 20 years 10 21 years and over 99 Unknown This variable indicates the duration of residence in Malaysia. IPUMS Duration of residence in present locality 20. How long have you lived in this <span class="lang">kampung</span>/town? (in years)</p> <div class="i1">[] Less than 1<br />[] 1<br />[] 2<br />[] 3<br />[] 4<br />[] 5<br />[] 6-9<br />[] 10<br />[] 11-20<br />[] 21 and over</div> Malaysia 1980: All persons 01 Less than 1 year 02 1 year 03 2 years 04 3 years 05 4 years 06 5 years 07 6 - 9 years 08 10 years 09 11 - 20 years 10 21 years and over 99 Unknown This variable indicates the duration of residence in present locality. IPUMS Place of previous residence <svar a="all" v="MY80A418">21. Where did you last live previous to this <span class="lang">kampung</span>/town?<br /><div class="i1">[] In some other <span class="ital">kampung</span>/town in Malaysia<br />[] In this <span class="ital">kampung</span>/town since birth (Skip to 24)<br />[] Outside Malaysia (Skip to 24)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1 In some other kampong/town 2 In this kampong/town since birth 3 Outside Malaysia This variable indicates the place of previous residence. IPUMS Town of previous residence <svar v="MY80A419 MY80A420 MY80A421">[Questions 22-23 were asked of those who lived in some other kampung/town in Malaysia previous to the current one.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A419 MY80A420">22. What is the name of the kampung/town where you lived previously?<br /><div class="i1">(a) Name of kampung:</div><br /><div class="i2">(i) Not in a town: ____ or<br />(ii) In a town: ____</div><br /><div class="i1">(b) Name of town: ____<br />(c) Mukim: ____<br />(d) Administrative District/Jajahan: ____<br />(e) Residency (Sahah)/ Division (Sarawak): ____<br />(f) State: ____</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons who moved in from other kampong/town [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Batu Pahat (Bandar Penggaramm) 02 Johor Baharu 03 Keluang 04 Kota Tinggi 05 Kulai 06 Labis 07 Mersing 08 Muar (Bandar Maharani) 09 Pontian Kechil 10 Segamat 11 Tangkak 12 Other towns and Kampung (village) in Johor 13 Unknown in Johor 14 Alor Setar 15 Jitra 16 Kulim 17 Sungai Petani 18 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Kedah 19 Unknown in Kedah 20 Kadok 21 Kota Baharu 22 Kuala Kerai 23 Pangkal Kalong 24 Pasir Mas 25 Peringat 26 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Kelantan 27 Unknown in Kelantan 28 Bukit Baharu 29 Melaka 30 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Melaka 31 Unknown in Melaka 32 Bahau 33 Kuala Pilah 34 Port Dickson 35 Seremban 36 Tampin 37 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Negeri Sembilan 38 Unknown in Negeri Sembilan 39 Bentung 40 Kuantan 41 Kuala Lipis 42 Mentakab 43 Raub 44 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Pahang 45 Unknown in Pahang 46 Air Itam 47 Bukit Mertajam 48 Butterworth 49 Gelugor 50 Georgetown 51 Tanjung Bunga 52 Tanjung Tokong 53 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Pulau Pinang 54 Unknown in Pulau Pinang 55 Batu Gajah 56 Ipoh 57 Kampar 58 Kuala Kangsar 59 Pokok Asam 60 Sungai Siput Utara 61 Taiping 62 Telok Anson 63 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Perak 64 Unknown in Perak 65 Kangar 66 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Perlis 67 Unknown in Perlis 68 Ampang 69 Kelang 70 Kuala Kubu Baharu 71 Petaling Jaya 72 Sekinchan 73 Serdang Baharu (Sri Kembangan) 74 Shah Alam 75 Sungai Besar 76 Sungai Chua/Kajang 77 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Selangor 78 Unknown in Selangor 79 Chukai 80 Dungun 81 Kuala Trengganu 82 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Trengganu 83 Unknown in Trengganu 84 Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur 85 Unknown in Wilayah Persekutuan 86 Labram 87 Lahad Datur 88 Kota Kinabalu 89 Kudat 90 Sandakan 91 Tawau 92 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Sabah 93 Unknown in Sabah 94 Kuching 95 Miri 96 Sarikie 97 Sibu 98 Other towns and Kampong (village) in Sarawak 99 Unknown This variable indicates the town of previous residence. IPUMS District of previous residence <svar v="MY80A419 MY80A420 MY80A421">[Questions 22-23 were asked of those who lived in some other kampung/town in Malaysia previous to the current one.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A419 MY80A420">22. What is the name of the kampung/town where you lived previously?<br /><div class="i1">(a) Name of kampung:</div><br /><div class="i2">(i) Not in a town: ____ or<br />(ii) In a town: ____</div><br /><div class="i1">(b) Name of town: ____<br />(c) Mukim: ____<br />(d) Administrative District/Jajahan: ____<br />(e) Residency (Sahah)/ Division (Sarawak): ____<br />(f) State: ____</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons who moved in from other kampong/town [discrepancies: none] 0000 NIU (not in universe) 0101 Batu Pahat 0102 Johor Baharu 0103 Keluang 0104 Kota Tinggi 0105 Mersing 0106 Muar 0107 Pontian 0108 Segamat 0199 Unknown in Johor 0201 Baling 0202 Bandar Baharu 0203 Kota Setar 0204 Kuala Muda 0205 Kubang Pasu 0206 Kulim 0207 Pulau Langkawi 0208 Padang Terap 0209 Sik 0210 Yan 0211 Pendang 0299 Unknown in Kedah 0301 Bachok 0302 Kota Baharu 0303 Machang 0304 Pasir Mas 0305 Pasir Puteh 0306 Tanah Merah 0307 Tumpat 0308 Ulu Kelantan 0309 Kuala Kerai 0399 Unknown in Kelantan 0401 Alor Gajah (Daerah Utara) 0402 Jasin (Daerah Selatan) 0403 Melaka Tengah 0499 Unknown in Melaka 0501 Jelebu 0502 Kuala Pilah 0503 Port Dickson 0504 Rembau 0505 Seremban 0506 Tampin 0507 Jempul 0599 Unknown in Negeri Sembilan 0601 Bentong 0602 Cameron Highlands 0603 Jerantut 0604 Kuantan 0605 Lipis 0606 Pekan 0607 Raub 0608 Temerloh 0609 Rompin 0699 Unknown in Pahang 0701 Bukit Mertajam (Seberang Perai Utara) 0702 Butterworth (Seberang Perai Utara) 0703 Nibong Tebal (Seberang Perai Selatan) 0704 Pulau Pinang Timur Laut 0705 Pulau Pinang Barat Daya 0799 Unknown in Pulau Pinang 0801 Batang Padang 0802 Dinding 0803 Kinta 0804 Kerian 0805 Kuala Kangsar 0806 Larut Dan Matang 0807 Hilir Perak 0808 Hulu Perak 0809 Perak Tengah 0899 Unknown in Perak 0901 Perlis 0999 Unknown in Perlis 1001 Gombak 1002 Kelang 1003 Kuala Langat 1004 Kuala Selangor 1005 Petaling 1006 Sabak Bernam 1007 Sepang 1008 Ulu Langat 1009 Ulu Selangor 1099 Unknown in Selangor 1101 Besut 1102 Dungun 1103 Kemaman 1104 Kuala Trengganu 1105 Marang 1106 Ulu Trengganu 1199 Unknown in Trengganu 1407 Wilayah Persekutuan 1499 Unknown in Wilayah Persekutan 1201 Tawau 1202 Lahad Datu 1203 Semporna 1204 Sandakan 1205 Kinabatangan 1206 Labuk-Sugut 1207 Kota Kinabalu 1208 Ranau 1209 Kota Belud 1210 Tuaran 1211 Penampang 1212 Papar 1213 Kudat 1214 Kota Marudu 1215 Pitas 1216 Beaufort 1217 Kuala Penyu 1218 Sipitang 1219 Tenom 1220 Pensiangan 1221 Keingau 1222 Tambunan 1223 Labuan 1299 Unknown in Sabah 1301 Kuching M.N.C. 1302 Kuching 1303 Dau 1304 Serian 1305 Simunjan 1306 Lundu 1307 Simanggang 1308 Lubok Antu 1309 Saribas 1310 Kalaka 1311 Sibu U.D.C. 1312 Sibu 1313 Mukah 1314 Kanowit 1315 Oya-Dalat 1316 Miri 1317 Bintulu 1318 Baram 1319 Limbang 1320 Lawas 1321 Sarikei 1322 Binatang 1323 Matu Daro 1324 Julau 1325 Kapit 1326 Song 1327 Belaga 1399 Unknown in Sarawak 9999 Unknown This variable indicates the district of previous residence (district, state). IPUMS Reason for moving <svar v="MY80A419 MY80A420 MY80A421">[Questions 22-23 were asked of those who lived in some other kampung/town in Malaysia previous to the current one.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A421">23. Why did you move to this present kampung/town?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 On work transfer<br />[] 2 To look for a job; believe no suitable work available in previous locality<br />[] 3 Starting on a job offered<br />[] 4 For better income<br />[] 5 To participate in a rural development project<br />[] 6 Educational reasons<br />[] 7 Marriage<br />[] 8 Following family<br />[] 9 Shifting cultivation<br />[] 10 Others</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons who moved in from other kampong/town [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 On work transfer 02 To look for a job, no suitable work available in previous locality 03 Starting on a job offered 04 For better income 05 Participate in a Rural Development project 06 Educational reasons 07 Marriage 08 Following Family 09 Shifting cultivation 10 Other 11 Unknown This variable indicates the reason for moving. IPUMS Physical handicap <svar a="all" v="MY80A422">24. Do you have any physical handicap?<br /><div class="i1">[] None<br />[] Blind<br />[] Deaf/Dumb<br />[] Others</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: All persons 1 None 2 Blind 3 Deaf/Dumb 4 Other 5 Unknown This variable indicates the physical handicap of the person. IPUMS Helping in family business or farm <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="MY80A423" v="MY80A423 MY80A425">26. Did you help in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 26 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least one during the last 7 days.]<br /><br />[] Yes<br />[] No (Skip to 28)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who did not work for pay or profit [universe: unverifiable] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the person helped family business or farm at least one day of the last seven days. IPUMS Hours worked for family farm or business <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="MY80A424" v="MY80A424 MY80A425">27. How many hours per day did you work?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 27 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least 1 day during the last 7 days, and helped in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days.]<br /><br />[] 3 hours or less (Skip to 29)<br />[] More than 3 hours (Skip to 31)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who did not work for pay or profit but worked for family business or farm [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 3 hours or less 2 More than 3 hours This variable indicates the hours worked per day for family business or farm. IPUMS Type of activity <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A425">25. Did you work for pay or profit, at least 1 day, during the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">[] Yes (Skip to 31)<br />[] No</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="MY80A423" v="MY80A423 MY80A425">26. Did you help in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 26 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least one during the last 7 days.]<br /><br />[] Yes<br />[] No (Skip to 28)</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="MY80A424" v="MY80A424 MY80A425">27. How many hours per day did you work?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 27 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least 1 day during the last 7 days, and helped in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days.]<br /><br />[] 3 hours or less (Skip to 29)<br />[] More than 3 hours (Skip to 31)</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar v="MY80A425">28. Do you have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 28 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least 1 day during the last 7 days, and did not help in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7days.]<br /><br />[] Yes (Skip to 31)<br />[] No</div><br /></svar></p> <p>29. Were you looking for a job or work during the last 7 days?</p> <div class="i1">[Question 27 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least 1 day during the last 7 days, and (1) did not help in a family farm or business at least 1 days during the last 7 days and did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to; or (2) did help in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days, but for 3 hours or less per day.]<br /><br />[] Yes (Skip to 31)<br />[] No</div> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed (at work) 2 Employed (not at work) 3 Active unemployed 4 Inactive unemployed 5 Outside Labour Force 9 Unknown This variable indicates the type of employment. IPUMS Reasons not looking for job <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>29. Were you looking for a job or work during the last 7 days?</p> <div class="i1">[Question 27 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least 1 day during the last 7 days, and (1) did not help in a family farm or business at least 1 days during the last 7 days and did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to; or (2) did help in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days, but for 3 hours or less per day.]<br /><br />[] Yes (Skip to 31)<br />[] No</div><p>30. Why are you not seeking work during the last 7 days? </p> <div class="i1">[Question 30 was asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit at least 1 day during the last 7 days, were not looking for a job or work during the last 7 days, and (1) did not help in a family farm or business at least 1 days during the last 7 days and did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to; or (2) did help in a family farm or business at least 1 day during the last 7 days, but for 3 hours or less per day.]<br /><br />[] 01 Schooling<br />[] 02 Housework<br />[] 03 Believe no suitable job available<br />[] 04 Bad weather<br />[] 05 Illness/confinement<br />[] 06 New job to start soon<br />[] 07 Going for further studies<br />[] 08 Disabled<br />[] 09 Not interested<br />[] 10 Waiting for answers to job applications/have looked for work prior to last 7 days<br />[] 11 No qualifications<br />[] 12 Retired<br />[] 13 Too young<br />[] 14 Others</div> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are unemployed or outside labor force [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Schooling 02 Housework 03 Believe no suitable job available 04 Bad weather 05 Illness/confinement 06 New job to start soon 07 Going for further studies 08 Disabled 09 Not interested 10 Waiting for answers to job applications/have looked for work prior to last 7 days 11 No qualifications 12 Retired 13 Too young 14 Other 99 Unknown This variable indicates the reasons why the person was not looking for a job during the last 7 days. IPUMS Employment status <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A427">31. What is your employment status?<br /><div class="i1">[] Employer<br />[] Employee<br />[] Own account worker<br />[] Unpaid family worker<br />[] Looking for first job (Skip to 35a)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employer (persons who employ one or more persons) 2 Employee (persons who work for someone for pay) 3 Own Account Worker (persons who work by themselves and do not employ anybody else though they may have family helpers) 4 Unpaid Family Worker (persons who work without pay in a farm or business run by another member of the family) 5 Looking for first job (persons who have never worked before and are actively seeking employment for the first time) This variable indicates the employment status. IPUMS Principal occupation last week - 1 digit <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A428 MY80A429 MY80A430">32. What is your principal occupation? (Describe the nature of your work in two or more words) ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed, or active unemployed [discrepancies: none] 1 Professional, Technical and Related Workers 2 Administrative and Managerial Workers 3 Clerical and Related Workers 4 Sales Worker 5 Service Workers 6 Agricultural, Animal husbandry and forestry workers, fishermen and hunter 7 Production and Related Worker, transport equipment operator and labourers 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the principal occupation last week - 1 digit. IPUMS Principal occupation last week - 2 digits <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A428 MY80A429 MY80A430">32. What is your principal occupation? (Describe the nature of your work in two or more words) ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed, or active unemployed [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Physical scientists and related technicians 02 Architects, engineers, technologists, surveyors and related technicians 03 Architects, engineers, technologists, surveyors and related technicians 04 Aircraft and ship's officers 05 Life scientists and related technicians 06 Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers 07 Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers 08 Statisticians, mathematicians, system analysts and related technicians 09 Economists 11 Accountants and auditors 12 Jurists 13 Teachers 14 Workers in religion 15 Authors, critics, journalists, editors and related workers 16 Sculptors, painters, photographers and related creative artists 17 Composers and performing artists 18 Athletes, sportsmen and related workers 19 Professional, Technical not elsewhere classified 20 Legislative officials and government administrators 21 Managers 30 Clerical supervisors 31 Government executive officials 32 Stenographers, typists and teletypists 33 Book-keepers, cashiers and related workers 34 Computing machine operators 35 Transport and communications supervisors 36 Transport conductors 37 Mail distributors and related workers 38 Telephone and telegraph operators 39 Clerical and Related Workers not elsewhere classified 40 Managers (wholesale and retail trade) 41 Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) 42 Sales supervisors and buyers 43 Technical salesman, commercial travelers and manufacturers' agents 44 Insurance, real estate, securities and business services salesman and auctioneers 45 Salesman, shop assistants and related workers 49 Sales workers not elsewhere classified 50 Managers (catering and lodging services) 51 Working proprietors (catering and lodging services) 52 Housekeeping and related service supervisors 53 Cooks, waiters, bartenders and related workers 54 Maids and related housekeeping service workers not elsewhere classified 55 Building caretakers, charworkers, cleaners and related workers 56 Launderers, dry-cleaners and pressers 57 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 58 Protective service workers 59 Service Workers not elsewhere classified 60 Plantation managers and supervisors 61 Planters and farmers 62 Agriculture and animal husbandry workers 63 Forestry workers 64 Loggers 70 Production supervisors and general foremen 71 Miners, quarrymen, well drillers and related workers 72 Metal processors 73 Wood preparation workers and paper makers 74 Chemical processors and related workers 75 Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers 76 Tanners, fellmongers and pelt dressers 77 Food and beverage processors 78 Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers 79 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related workers 80 Shoemakers and leather goods makers 81 Cabinetmakers and related woodworkers 82 Stone cutters and carvers 83 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine tool operators 84 machinery fitters, assemblers, repairers and precision instrument makers (except electrical) 85 Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers 86 Broadcasting station and sound equipment operators and cinema projectionists 87 Plumbers, welders, sheet-metal and structural metal preparers and erectors 88 Jewellery and precious metal workers 89 Glass formers, cutters, grinders and finishers 90 Rubber and plastic product makers 91 Paper and paperboard products makers 92 Printers and related workers 93 Painters 94 Production and related workers not lesewhere classified 95 Bricklayers, carpenters and other construction workers 96 Stationary engines and related equipment operators 97 Material handling and related equipment, operators, dockers and freight handlers 98 Transport equipment operators 99 Labourers not elsewhere classified This variable indicates the principal occupation last week - 2 digits. IPUMS Principal occupation last week (3 digits) <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A428 MY80A429 MY80A430">32. What is your principal occupation? (Describe the nature of your work in two or more words) ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed, or active unemployed [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 011 Chemists 013 Physical scientists not elsewhere classified 014 Physical science laboratory assistants and related technicians 021 Architects and town planners 022 Civil engineers 023 Electrical and electronic engineers 024 Mechanical engineers 025 Chemical engineers 027 Metallurgists 028 Mining engineers 029 Industrial engineers 031 Surveyors 032 Draughtsmen 033 Civil engineering assistants and related technicians 034 Electrical and electronics engineering assistants and related technicians 035 Mechanical engineer assistants and related technicians 036 Chemical engineering assistants and related technicians 037 Metallurgist assistants 038 Mining technicians 039 Engineering assistants and related not elsewhere classified 041 Aircraft pilots, navigators and fight engineers 042 Ships' deck officers and pilots 051 Biologists zoologists and related scientists 053 Agronomists and related scientists 054 Life sciences research laboratory assistants and related technicians 061 Medical doctors 062 Medical assistants 063 Dental surgeons 064 Dentists (division two), dental professional nurses and dental assistants 065 Veterinarians 066 Veterinary assistants 067 Pharmacists 068 Pharmaceutical assistant 069 Dietitians and nutritionists 071 Professional nurses (except dental) 072 Non-professional nurse (dental and medical) 073 Professional midwives 074 Non-professional midwives 075 Optometrists and opticians 076 Physiotherapists and occupational therapists 077 Medical X-ray technicians 078 Physicians and surgeons, traditional medicine 079 Medical, dental, veterinary and related workers not elsewhere classified 081 Statisticians 083 Systems analysts 084 Computer programmers and statistical and mathematical technicians 090 Economists 110 Accountants 111 Auditors 121 Lawyers 129 Jurists not elsewhere classified 131 University, college and related higher institution teachers 132 Secondary school teachers 133 Primary school teachers 134 Kindergarten, nursery and related pre-primary education teachers 135 Teacher, handicapped persons 137 Educational researchers, advisers and related workers 138 Instructors, industrial and vocational training institutions 139 Teachers not elsewhere classified 141 Religious workers 152 Journalists and editors 159 Authors, critics, journalists, editors and related workers not elsewhere classified 161 Sculptors, painters and related artists 162 Commercial artists and designers 163 Still cameramen (except photoengravers) 164 Movie cameramen 171 Composers, musicians and singers 172 Choreographers and dancers 173 Actors and stage directors 175 Circus performers 179 Performing artists not elsewhere classified 180 Athletes, sportsmen and related workers 191 Librarians, archivists and curators 192 Sociologists, anthropologists and related scientists 193 Social workers 194 Personnel and occupational specialists 195 Translators, interpreters and philologists 199 Other professional, technical and related workers 201 Legislative officials 202 Government administrators 211 General managers 212 Production managers (except farm) 213 Construction managers 214 Managers, recreation and entertainment services 215 Managers, financial institutions 216 Managers, mining and quarrying 218 Managers, transport services 219 Managers not elsewhere classified 300 Clerical supervisors 310 Government executive officials 321 Stenographers, typists and teletypists 322 Card and tape-punching machine operators 331 Bookkeepers and cashiers 339 Bookkeepers, cashiers and related workers not elsewhere classified 341 Bookkeeping and calculating machine operators 342 Automatic data processing machine operators 351 Railway station masters 352 Postmasters 359 Transport and communications supervisors not elsewhere classified 360 Transport conductors 370 Mail distributors and related workers 380 Telephone and telegraph operators 391 Stock clerks 392 Material and products planning clerks 393 Correspondence and reporting clerks 394 Receptionists and travel agency clerks 395 Library and filling clerks 397 Census, market research and related field workers 399 Clerks not elsewhere classified 400 Managers (wholesale and retail trade) 410 Working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade) 421 Sales supervisors 422 Buyers 431 Technical salesmen and service advisors 432 Commercial travelers and manufacturers' agents 441 Insurance, real estate and securities salesmen 442 Business services salesmen 443 Auctioneers 451 Salesmen, shop assistants and demonstrators 452 Street vendors, canvassers and newsvendors 490 Sales workers not elsewhere classified 500 Managers (catering and lodging services) 510 Working proprietors (catering and lodging services) 520 Housekeeping and related service supervisors 531 Cooks 532 Waiters, bartenders and related workers 540 Maids and related housekeeping service workers not elsewhere classified 551 Building caretakers 552 Charworkers, cleaners and related workers 553 Public health cleaners and related workers 560 Launderers, dry-cleaners and pressers 570 Hairdressers, barbers, beauticians and related workers 581 Fire fighters 582 Policemen and detectives 589 Protective service workers not elsewhere classified 591 Guides 592 Undertakers and embalmers 599 Other service workers 600 Plantation managers 601 Plantation supervisors 611 Planters and farmers 612 Specialized field crop farmers 613 Specialized livestock farmers 621 General plantation farm workers 622 Field crop and vegetable farm workers 623 Fruit tree and related tree and shrub crop workers 624 Livestock workers 625 Dairy farm workers 626 Poultry farm workers 627 Nursery workers and gardeners 628 Farm machinery operators 629 Agricultural and animal husbandry workers not elsewhere classified 631 Loggers 632 Forestry workers (except loggers) 641 Fishermen 649 Fishermen, hunters and related workers not elsewhere classified 700 Production supervisors and general foremen 711 Miners and quarrymen 712 Mineral treaters and ore separators 713 Well drillers, borers and related workers 721 Metal smelting, converting and refining furnacemen 723 Metal rolling mill workers 724 Metal melters and reheaters 725 Metal molders and coremakers 726 Metal annealers, temperers and case hardeners 727 Metal drawers and extruders 728 Metal platers and coaters 729 Metal processors not elsewhere classified 731 Wood treaters 732 Sawyers, plywood makers and related wood processing workers 733 Paper pulp preparers 734 Paper makers 741 Crushers, grinders and mixers 742 Cookers, roasters and related heat treaters 743 Filter and separator operators 744 Still and reactor operators 745 Petroleum refining workers 746 Rubber processing workers 747 Oil palm processors 749 Chemical processors and related workers not elsewhere classified 751 Fiber preparers 752 Spinners and winders 753 Weaving and knitting-machine setters and pattern card preparers 754 Weavers and related workers 755 Knitters 756 Bleachers, dyers and textile products finishers 759 Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers not elsewhere classified 761 Tanners, fellmongers and pelt dressers 771 Grain millers and related workers 772 Sugar processors and refiners 773 Butchers and meat preparers 774 Food preservers 775 Dairy product processors 776 Bakers, pastry cooks and confectionery makers 777 Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers 778 Brewers, wine and beverage makers 779 Food and beverage processors not elsewhere classified 781 Tobacco preparers 782 Cigar makers 783 Cigarette makers 791 Tailors and dressmakers 794 Patternmakers and cutters 795 Sewers and embroiderers 796 Upholsterers and related workers 799 Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related workers not elsewhere classified 801 Shoemakers and shoe repairers 802 Shoe cutters, lasters, sewers and related workers 803 Leather goods makers 811 Cabinetmakers 812 Woodworking-machine operators 819 Woodworking-machine operators 820 Cabinetmakers and related wood workers not elsewhere classified 831 Blacksmiths, hammer smiths and forging press operators 832 Toolmakers, metal patternmakers and metal markers 833 Machine-tool setter-operators 834 Machine-tool operators 835 Metal grinders, polishers and tool sharpentors 839 Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool operators not elsewhere classified 841 Machinery fitters and machine assemblers 842 Watch, clock and precision instrument makers 843 Motors vehicle mechanics 844 Aircraft engine mechanics 849 Machinery fitters, assemblers, repairers and precision instrument makers (except electrical) not elsewhere classified 851 Electrical fitters 852 Electronics fitters 853 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 854 Radio and television repairmen 855 Electrical wiremen 856 Telephone and telegraph installers 857 Electric linemen and cable jointers 859 Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers not elsewhere classified 861 Broadcasting station operators 862 Sound equipment operators and cinema projectionists 871 Plumbers and pipe fitters 872 Welders and flame cutters 873 Sheet metal workers 874 Structural-metal preparers and erectors 880 Jewelry and precious metal workers 891 Glass formers, cutters, grinders and finishers 892 Potters and related clay and abrasive formers 893 Glass and ceramics kilnmen 894 Glass engravers and etchers 895 Glass and ceramics painters and decorators 899 Glass formers, potters and related workers not elsewhere classified 901 Rubber and plastic product makers (except tire makers and type vulcanizes) 902 Tire makers and vulcanizers 903 Plastics products makers 910 Paper and paperboard products makers 921 Compositors, typesetters and phototype-setters 922 Printing pressmen 924 Printing engravers (except photo engravers) 925 Photo engravers 926 Bookbinders and related workers 927 Photographic darkroom workers 929 Printers and related workers not elsewhere classified 931 Painters, construction 939 Painters not elsewhere classified 941 Musical instrument makers and turners 942 Basketry weavers and brush makers 943 Non-metallic mineral products makers 949 Other production and related workers 951 Bricklayers, stonemasons and the tile setters 952 Reinforced concreters, cement finishers and terrazzo workers 953 Roofers 954 Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers 955 Plasterers 956 Insulators 957 Glaziers 959 Construction workers not elsewhere classified 961 Power generating machinery operators 969 Stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified 971 Dockers and freight handlers 972 Riggers and cable splicers 973 Crane and hoist operators 974 Earth-moving and related machinery operators 979 Material handling equipment operators not elsewhere classified 981 Ships' deck ratings, barge crews and boatmen 983 Railway engine drivers and firemen 984 Railway brakemen, signalmen and shunters 985 Motor vehicle drivers 986 Animal and animal-draw vehicle drivers 989 Transport equipment operators not elsewhere classified 990 Laborers not elsewhere classified 997 Activities inadequately described 998 UNKNOWN This variable indicate the principal occupation last week - 3 digits. IPUMS Industry last week (1 digit) <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A431 MY80A432 MY80A433 MY80A434 MY80A435">34. What are the main activities/products of this establishment? ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed, or active unemployed [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing 2 Mining and Quarrying 3 Manufacturing 4 Electricity, Gas and Water 5 Construction 6 Wholesale and Retail Trade and Restaurant and Hotels 7 Transport, Storage and Communication 8 Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Service 9 Community, Social and Personal Services This variable indicates the industry in which the person worked last week - 1digit. IPUMS Industry last week (2 digits) <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A431 MY80A432 MY80A433 MY80A434 MY80A435">34. What are the main activities/products of this establishment? ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed, or active unemployed [discrepancies: none] 11 Agriculture and hunting 12 Forestry and logging 13 Fishing 21 Coal mining 22 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 23 Metal ore mining 29 Other mining 31 manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco 32 Textile, wearing apparel and leather industries 33 Manufacture of wood and wood products, including furniture 34 Manufacture of paper and paper products; printing and publishing 35 Manufacture of chemicals and of chemical, petroleum, coal, and olastic products 36 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, except products of petroleum and coal 37 Basic metal industries 38 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment 39 Other manufacturing industries 41 Electricity, gas and steam 42 Water works and supply 50 Construction 61 Wholesale Trade 62 Retail trade 63 Restaurants and hotels 71 Transport and storage 72 Communication 81 Financial institution 82 Insurance 83 Real estate and business services 91 Public administration and defence 92 Sanitary and similar services 93 Social and related community services 94 Recreation and cultural services 95 Personal and household services 96 International and other extra-territorial bodies 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the industry in which the person worked last week - 2digits. IPUMS Industry last week (3 digits) <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>[Questions 31-34 were asked of persons other than those who did not work for pay or profit, at least 1 day during the last 7 days, did not help in a family farm or business at least one day during the last 7 days, did not have any employment, work on farm, enterprise or other family enterprise to return to, and were not seeking work during the last 7 days.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A431 MY80A432 MY80A433 MY80A434 MY80A435">34. What are the main activities/products of this establishment? ________<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are employed or active unemployed [discrepancies: none] 111 Agriculture and livestock 112 Agricultural services 113 Hunting, trapping and game propagation 121 Forestry 122 Logging 130 Fishing 210 Coal mining 220 Crude petroleum and natural gas production 230 Metal ore mining 290 Other mining 311 Food manufacturing 312 Food manufacturing 313 Beverage industries 314 Tobacco manufacturers 321 Manufacture of textiles 322 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear 323 Manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes, except footwear and wearing apparel 324 Manufacture of footwear, except vulcanized or molded rubber or plastic footwear 331 Manufacture of wood and cork products, except furniture 332 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except primarily of metal 341 Manufacture of paper and paper products 342 Printing, publishing and allied industries 351 Manufacture of industrial chemicals 352 Manufacture of other chemical products 353 Petroleum refineries 354 Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coat 355 Manufacture of rubber products 356 Manufacture of plastic products, not elsewhere classified 361 Manufacture of pottery, china and earthenware 362 Manufacture of glass and glass products 369 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products 371 Iron and steel basic industries 372 Non-ferrous metal basic industries 381 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not elsewhere classified of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment 382 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not elsewhere classified of machinery except electrical 383 Manufacture of electrical machinery, apparatus, appliances and supplies 384 Manufacture and repair of electrical appliances of transport equipment 385 Manufacture of professional and scientific and measuring and controlling equipment not elsewhere classified and of photographic and optical goods 390 Other manufacturing industries 410 Electricity, gas and steam 420 Water works and supply 500 Construction 611 Food, drinks and tobacco-wholesale trade 612 Household and personal goods-wholesale trade 613 Motorcycles, motor vehicles, petrol, ect.-wholesale trade 614 Industrial, agricultural and business equipment and materials-wholesale trade 615 Large general wholesalers 621 Food, drinks and tobacco-retail trade 622 Food, drinks and tobacco-retail trade 623 Household and personal goods-retail trade 624 Motorcycles, motor vehicles, petrol, ect.-retail trade 625 Miscellaneous retail trade not elsewhere classified 631 Restaurants, cafes and other eating and drinking places 632 Hotels, rooming houses, camps and other lodging places 711 Land transport 712 Water transport 713 Air transport 719 Services allied to transport 720 Communication 810 Financial institutions 820 Insurance 831 Real estate 832 Business services except machinery and equipment rentals and leasing 833 Machinery and equipment rental and leasing 911 Public administration and defense 912 Public administration and defense 920 Sanitary and similar services 931 Education services 932 Research and scientific institutes 933 Veterinary services 934 Welfare institutions 935 Business, professional and labour associations 939 Other social and related community services 941 Motion picture and other entertainment services 942 Libraries, museums, botanical and zoological gardens and other cultural services not elsewhere classified 949 Amusement and recreational services not elsewhere classified 951 Repair services not elsewhere classified 952 Laundries, laundry services and cleaning and dyeing plants 953 Domestic services 959 Miscellaneous personal services 960 International and other extra-territorial bodies 995 Industries inadequately described 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the industry in which the person worked last week - 3 digits. IPUMS Usual activity <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A436">35a. What did you do most of the time during the last 12 months?<br /><div class="i1">[] Employer<br />[] Employee<br />[] Own account worker<br />[] Unpaid family worker<br />[] Looking for work (Skip to 36)<br />[] House work (Skip to 36)<br />[] Student (Skip to 36)<br />[] Other (Skip to 36)</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employer 2 Employee 3 Own Account Worker 4 Unpaid Family Worker 5 Looking for Work 6 Housework 7 Student 8 Other This variable indicates the employment status most of the time during the last 12 months. IPUMS Usual industry <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A437">35b. Usual industry?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 35b was asked of persons who were 10 years old or over and were not looking for work, did house work, were students, or others most of the time during the last 12 months.]<br /><br />[] Padi<br />[] Logging/timber<br />[] Fishing<br />[] Rubber<br />[] Other agriculture<br />[] Manufacturing/construction<br />[] Commerce<br />[] Transport/communication<br />[] Services<br />[] Others</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who usually were employers, employees, own account workers, or unpaid family workers [discrepancies: none] 01 Padi (includes persons engaged in cultivating rice for most part of the year) 02 Logging/Timber (included persons who felled trees in forests, cut bamboo and cane and also those who looked after forest reserves. Those involved in the processing of timber -- sawmill workers -- are included in the category "Manufacturing") 03 Fishing (includes persons engaged in any type of fishing -- ocean, coastal, inland) 04 Rubber (includes persons concerned with the growing,collection, and processing of rubber) 05 Other Agriculture (includes persons in agricultural activities other than those mentioned above) 06 Manufacturing/Construction (includes persons who are engaged in any kind of manufacturing industry -- food,clothing, furniture, machinery etc. -- and those involved in building and construction) 07 Commerce (includes persons involved in "selling", wholesale or retail in addition to those working in banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions) 08 Transport/Communication (includes persons who -- were engaged in any kind of transport work road, air, rail or sea -- and those involved in storage and warehousing) 09 Services (includes persons in government administrative services, in military and police services, in medical, health and education services,legal services, business consulting, entertainment,hotels, and other service activities) 10 Other (includes persons involved in mining and quarrying. All other activities which are not mentioned above are also included here) 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the broad industry category in which the person engaged most of the last 12 months. IPUMS Language spoken <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A438">36. Can you converse in any of the following languages?<br /><div class="i1">[] Fluent Bahasa Malaysia<br />[] Elementary Bahasa Malaysia<br />[] English<br />[] Chinese<br />[] Tamil<br />[] Iban<br />[] Kadazan/Dusun<br />[] Bajau<br />[] Other languages<br />[] Dumb</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 001 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia 002 English 003 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and English 004 Chinese 005 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and Chinese 006 English and Chinese 007 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English and Chinese 008 Tamil 009 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and Tamil 010 English and Tamil 011 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English and Tamil 012 Chinese and Tamil 013 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese and Tamil 014 English, Chinese and Tamil 015 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and Tamil 016 Iban 017 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and Iban 019 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English and Iban 020 Chinese and Iban 021 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese and Iban 023 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and Iban 032 Kadazan/Dusun 033 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and Kadazan/Dusun 035 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English and Kadazan/Dusun 055 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Iban, and Kadazan/Dusun 064 Bajau 065 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and Bajau 067 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English and Bajau 077 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, Tamil and Bajau 099 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Kadazan/Dusun and Bajau 103 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Kadazan/Dusun and Bajau 128 Other languages 129 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 130 English and other languages 131 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English and other languages 132 Chinese and other languages 133 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese and other languages 134 English, Chinese and other languages 135 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and other languages 136 Tamil and other languages 137 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Tamil and other languages 138 English, Tamil and other languages 139 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Tamil and other languages 141 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, Tamil and other languages 143 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Tamil and other languages 147 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Iban and other languages 151 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Iban and other languages 163 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Kadazan/Dusun and other languages 193 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, Bajau and other languages 195 Fluent Bahasa Malaysia, English, Bajau and other languages 256 Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 258 English and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 260 Chinese and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 262 English, Chinese and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 264 Tamil and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 266 English, Tamil and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 268 Chinese, Tamil and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 270 English, Chinese, Tamil and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 272 Iban and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 274 English, Iban and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 278 English, Chinese, Iban and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 290 English, Kadazan/Dusun and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 370 English, Iban, Kadazan/Dusun, Bajau and Elementary Bahasa Malaysia 384 Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 386 English, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 388 Chinese, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 390 English, Chinese, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 392 Tamil, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 394 English, Tamil, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 398 English, Chinese, Tamil, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 416 Kadazan/Dusun, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 448 Bajau, Elementary Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 512 Dumb 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the language spoken. IPUMS Literacy <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p>37. Can you read a newspaper or a letter?</p> <div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No (Skip to 40)</div> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Literate (able to read and write a simple letter) 2 Semi-Literate (able to read but unable to write) 3 Illiterate (unable to read or write) This variable indicates the literacy of the person. IPUMS Literacy by language <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A440">39. In what languages can you write?<br /><div class="i1">[Question 39 was asked of persons who could write a simple letter.]<br /><br />[] Bahasa Malaysia<br />[] English<br />[] Chinese<br />[] Tamil<br />[] Iban<br />[] Kadazan/Dusun<br />[] Bajau<br />[] Other Languages</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ who are literate [discrepancies: none] 000 NIU (not in universe) 001 Bahasa Malaysia 002 English 003 Bahasa Malaysia and English 004 Chinese 005 Bahasa Malaysia and Chinese 006 English and Chinese 007 Bahasa Malaysia, English and Chinese 008 Tamil 009 Bahasa Malaysia and Tamil 010 English and Tamil 011 Bahasa Malaysia, English and Tamil 012 Chinese and Tamil 013 Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese and Tamil 014 English, Chinese and Tamil 015 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and Tamil 016 Iban 017 Bahasa Malaysia and Iban 019 Bahasa Malaysia, English and Iban 023 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and Iban 032 Kadazan/Dusun 033 Bahasa Malaysia and Kadazan/Dusun 035 Bahasa Malaysia, English and Kadazan/Dusun 064 Bajau 065 Bahasa Malaysia and Bajau 066 English and Bajau 067 Bahasa Malaysia, English and Bajau 068 Chinese and Bajau 113 Bahasa Malaysia, Iban, and Kadazan/Dusun 128 Other languages 129 Bahasa Malaysia and other languages 130 English and other languages 131 Bahasa Malaysia, English and other languages 132 Chinese and other languages 133 Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese and other languages 134 English, Chinese and other languages 135 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese and other languages 136 Tamil and other languages 137 Bahasa Malaysia, Tamil and other languages 138 English, Tamil and other languages 139 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Tamil and other languages 143 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Tamil and other languages 145 Bahasa Malaysia, Iban and other languages 147 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Iban and other languages 151 Bahasa Malaysia, English, Chinese, Iban and other languages 160 Kadazan/Dusun and other languages 193 Bahasa Malaysia, Bajau and other languages 999 Unknown This variable indicates the language the person can write. IPUMS Marital status <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A441">40. Are you<br /><div class="i1">[] Never married (End)<br />[] Currently married<br />[] Widowed<br />[] Divorced/Permanently separated</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Never married 2 Currently married 3 Widowed 4 Divorced/permanently separated This variable indicates the marital status of the person. IPUMS Times married <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar v="MY80A442 MY80A443">[Questions 41-42 were asked of those who were ever married.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A442">41. Is this your first marriage?<br /><div class="i1">[] Yes<br />[] No</div><br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Ever married persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Once 2 More than once This variable indicates whether the person has married once or more than once. IPUMS Age at first marriage <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><svar v="MY80A442 MY80A443">[Questions 41-42 were asked of those who were ever married.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="MY80A443">42. How old were you when you first got married? _ _<br /></svar> Malaysia 1980: Ever married persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 65 65 70 70 99 Unknown This variable indicates the age at the first marriage. IPUMS Number of children ever born <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><span class="h3">For Ever-Married Women</span> <br />[Questions 43-44b were asked of ever-married women who are 10 years of age and above.] Malaysia 1980: Ever married females age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 23 23 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children the women has ever given birth to. IPUMS Number of children living <span class="h3">For persons 10 years of age and over</span> <br /> [Questions 25-44b were asked of those who are 10 years old or over.]</p> <p><span class="h3">For Ever-Married Women</span> <br />[Questions 43-44b were asked of ever-married women who are 10 years of age and above.] Malaysia 1980: Ever married females age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children who are still alive. IPUMS