DDI_AFR_1992-1995_CFLD_v01_M DataFirst 2011 NADA Version 01: Adopted from "ddi-afr-cfld-1992-1995-v1" DDI that was done by metadata producer mentioned in "Metadata Production" section. Comparative Firm Level Data 1992-1995 CFLD 1992-1995 AFR_1992-1995_CFLD_v01_M Centre for the Study of African Economies NADA Swedish government Government of the United Kingdom French government Belgian government Canadian government Dutch government Manager, DataFirst Enterprise/Establishment Survey [en/oth] employment [3.1] labour relations/conflict [3.3] working conditions [3.6] The survey was part of the survey work of the Regional Programme on Enterprise Development (RPED), organised by the World Bank and funded by the Swedish, French, Belgian, UK, Canadian and Dutch governments. The data is from the manufacturing sector of five African countries, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Africa Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe Units of analysis in the survey are enterprises in the selected countries The universe of interest here is firms and their staff in the selected countries Sample survey data [ssd] The dataset includes measures of both physical and human capital in the firms in the selected countries Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire collected data at the level of the firm - called firm level data in the exposition that follows and also data at the worker level (individual level data). At the firm level data on the outputs, costs and the details of the labour force of the firm were collected. Within each firm up to 10 workers were then interviewed and information collected on their educational background, their training and earnings. DataFirst This data is made available by the Centre for the Study of African Economics at the University of Oxford. Permission for use of the data for academic research is given by the Centre and its collaborating and funding institutions. We would ask that the use of the data and its source be acknowledged. Recommended citation: Centre for the Study of African Economics. Comparative firm-level data for the manufacturing sector[dataset]. Version 1. Centre for the Study of African Economics, University of Oxford [producer], 1998. Cape Town: DataFirst [distributor], 2012. Licensed dataset, accessible under conditions The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. CFLD EARN5ILD_v1 The CFLD EARN5ILD_v1 data file contains the basic individual level data for the 5 countries 12530 84 CFLD HC13COMF_v1 The CFLD HC13COMF_v1 data file contains the human capital combined with firm level data 957 53 CFLD HCBASE_v1 The CFLD HCBASE_v1 data file contains firm level data for both physical and human capital. In this file, all firms with Value-added to capital greater than 50 or less than 0.01 have been deleted 2130 44 CFLD OCCST_v1 The CFLD OCCST_v1 data file contains the number of workers by occupation within each firm. 3029 19 CFLD PRODED15_v1 The CFLD PRODED15_v1 data file contains firm level data for both physical and human capital 3291 35 CFLD RPED5C_v1 The CFLD RPED5C_v1 file contains the basic firm level data for the five countries 3223 22 firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number 12530 20871 2334.177 5388.856 worker identification number worker identification number worker identification number worker identification number worker identification number 12530 1 30 5.475 5.261 round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy 12530 1 2 3 dummy if worker is male dummy if worker is male dummy if worker is male dummy if worker is male dummy if worker is male 12530 1 age of the worker age of the worker age of the worker age of the worker age of the worker 12530 16 65 33.407 9.493 age of the worker squared age of the worker squared age of the worker squared age of the worker squared age of the worker squared 12530 256 4225 1206.104 697.909 years worked in current firm years worked in current firm years worked in current firm years worked in current firm years worked in current firm 12489 41 50 7.183 7.011 weekly hours worked weekly hours worked weekly hours worked weekly hours worked weekly hours worked 12530 35 119 44.846 7.133 monthly earnings in local currency monthly earnings in local currency monthly earnings in local currency monthly earnings in local currency monthly earnings in local currency 11963 567 8 15080000 43255.085 168333.81 formal years of education formal years of education formal years of education formal years of education formal years of education 12385 145 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss no education no education no education no education no education 12530 1 some primary education some primary education some primary education some primary education some primary education 12530 1 primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed 12530 1 secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed 12530 1 university education completed university education completed university education completed university education completed university education completed 12530 1 potential experience (age-years in schoo potential experience (age-years in schoo potential experience (age-years in schoo potential experience (age-years in schoo potential experience (age-years in schoo 12385 145 -7 59 17.535 10.687 potential expericne squared potential expericne squared potential expericne squared potential expericne squared potential expericne squared 12385 145 3481 421.679 480.523 imputed education if worker=management imputed education if worker=management imputed education if worker=management imputed education if worker=management imputed education if worker=management 674 11856 30 15.012 4.433 potential experience if worker=managemen potential experience if worker=managemen potential experience if worker=managemen potential experience if worker=managemen potential experience if worker=managemen 662 11868 -2 59 19.675 10.037 years of education if worker=management years of education if worker=management years of education if worker=management years of education if worker=management years of education if worker=management 662 11868 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss age if worker=management age if worker=management age if worker=management age if worker=management age if worker=management 674 11856 18 65 39.062 8.951 tenure in job if worker=management tenure in job if worker=management tenure in job if worker=management tenure in job if worker=management tenure in job if worker=management 672 11858 39 8.172 7.319 imputed education if worker=administrati imputed education if worker=administrati imputed education if worker=administrati imputed education if worker=administrati imputed education if worker=administrati 828 11702 26 14.145 3.485 potential experience if worker=administr potential experience if worker=administr potential experience if worker=administr potential experience if worker=administr potential experience if worker=administr 815 11715 -1 51 14.925 8.841 years of education if worker=administrat years of education if worker=administrat years of education if worker=administrat years of education if worker=administrat years of education if worker=administrat 815 11715 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss age if worker=administration age if worker=administration age if worker=administration age if worker=administration age if worker=administration 828 11702 19 64 33.49 8.068 tenure in job if worker=administration tenure in job if worker=administration tenure in job if worker=administration tenure in job if worker=administration tenure in job if worker=administration 825 11705 35 6.354 6.08 imputed education if worker=sales imputed education if worker=sales imputed education if worker=sales imputed education if worker=sales imputed education if worker=sales 1265 11265 -2 28 13.274 3.839 potential experience if worker=sales potential experience if worker=sales potential experience if worker=sales potential experience if worker=sales potential experience if worker=sales 1260 11270 -2 57 15.563 9.267 years of education if worker=sales years of education if worker=sales years of education if worker=sales years of education if worker=sales years of education if worker=sales 1260 11270 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss age if worker=sales age if worker=sales age if worker=sales age if worker=sales age if worker=sales 1265 11265 16 65 33.219 8.096 tenure in job if worker=sales tenure in job if worker=sales tenure in job if worker=sales tenure in job if worker=sales tenure in job if worker=sales 1263 11267 36 6.731 6.633 imputed education if worker=supervisor imputed education if worker=supervisor imputed education if worker=supervisor imputed education if worker=supervisor imputed education if worker=supervisor 1210 11320 -1 36 12.436 3.978 potential experience if worker=superviso potential experience if worker=superviso potential experience if worker=superviso potential experience if worker=superviso potential experience if worker=superviso 1195 11335 58 22.992 10.421 years of education if worker=supervisor years of education if worker=supervisor years of education if worker=supervisor years of education if worker=supervisor years of education if worker=supervisor 1195 11335 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss age if worker=supervisor age if worker=supervisor age if worker=supervisor age if worker=supervisor age if worker=supervisor 1210 11320 19 65 38.928 8.872 tenure in job if worker=supervisor tenure in job if worker=supervisor tenure in job if worker=supervisor tenure in job if worker=supervisor tenure in job if worker=supervisor 1207 11323 50 11.789 8.56 imputed education if worker=technciain imputed education if worker=technciain imputed education if worker=technciain imputed education if worker=technciain imputed education if worker=technciain 1304 11226 -8 35 12.143 4.142 potential experience if worker=technciai potential experience if worker=technciai potential experience if worker=technciai potential experience if worker=technciai potential experience if worker=technciai 1286 11244 59 18.642 10.353 years of education if worker=technciain years of education if worker=technciain years of education if worker=technciain years of education if worker=technciain years of education if worker=technciain 1286 11244 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss age if worker=technciain age if worker=technciain age if worker=technciain age if worker=technciain age if worker=technciain 1304 11226 17 65 34.058 9.203 tenure in job if worker=technciain tenure in job if worker=technciain tenure in job if worker=technciain tenure in job if worker=technciain tenure in job if worker=technciain 1299 11231 37 7.001 6.845 imputed education if worker=production o imputed education if worker=production o imputed education if worker=production o imputed education if worker=production o imputed education if worker=production o 5829 6701 -1967 36 10.692 36.861 potential experience if worker=productio potential experience if worker=productio potential experience if worker=productio potential experience if worker=productio potential experience if worker=productio 5757 6773 -7 58 18.485 10.605 years of education if worker=production years of education if worker=production years of education if worker=production years of education if worker=production years of education if worker=production 5757 6773 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Sysmiss age if worker=production or support age if worker=production or support age if worker=production or support age if worker=production or support age if worker=production or support 5829 6701 16 65 33.148 9.218 tenure in job if worker=production or su tenure in job if worker=production or su tenure in job if worker=production or su tenure in job if worker=production or su tenure in job if worker=production or su 5809 6721 46 7.193 6.763 imputed education if worker=apprentice imputed education if worker=apprentice imputed education if worker=apprentice imputed education if worker=apprentice imputed education if worker=apprentice 799 11731 -3 26 10.178 3.461 potential experience if worker=apprentic potential experience if worker=apprentic potential experience if worker=apprentic potential experience if worker=apprentic potential experience if worker=apprentic 38 12492 -5 24 7.895 6.276 years of education if worker=apprentice years of education if worker=apprentice years of education if worker=apprentice years of education if worker=apprentice years of education if worker=apprentice 798 11732 6 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Sysmiss age if worker=apprentice age if worker=apprentice age if worker=apprentice age if worker=apprentice age if worker=apprentice 799 11731 16 49 21.409 3.837 tenure in job if worker=apprentice tenure in job if worker=apprentice tenure in job if worker=apprentice tenure in job if worker=apprentice tenure in job if worker=apprentice 796 11734 0.00833333376795054 0.0166666675359011 0.0833333358168602 0.125 0.16666667163372 0.25 0.333333343267441 0.416666656732559 0.5 0.583333313465118 0.666666686534882 0.75 0.833333313465118 0.916666686534882 1 1.08333337306976 1.16666662693024 1.25 1.33333337306976 1.41666662693024 1.5 1.58333337306976 1.66666662693024 1.75 1.83333337306976 1.91666662693024 2 2.08333325386047 2.16666674613953 2.25 2.41666674613953 2.5 2.58333325386047 2.66666674613953 2.75 2.83333325386047 2.91666674613953 3 3.16666674613953 3.25 3.33333325386047 3.5 3.58333325386047 3.66666674613953 4 4.25 4.5 4.66666650772095 5 5.25 5.66666650772095 5.91666650772095 6 6.08333349227905 6.66666650772095 7 7.08333349227905 8 9 10 10.5 12 Sysmiss imputed education if worker=master imputed education if worker=master imputed education if worker=master imputed education if worker=master imputed education if worker=master 183 12347 22 9.557 4.37 potential experience if worker=master potential experience if worker=master potential experience if worker=master potential experience if worker=master potential experience if worker=master 183 12347 2 59 16.273 10.156 years of education if worker=master years of education if worker=master years of education if worker=master years of education if worker=master years of education if worker=master 183 12347 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sysmiss age if worker=master age if worker=master age if worker=master age if worker=master age if worker=master 183 12347 18 65 30.885 8.612 tenure in job if worker=master tenure in job if worker=master tenure in job if worker=master tenure in job if worker=master tenure in job if worker=master 182 12348 0.0833 33 6.555 6.263 country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya 12530 1 imputed years of schooling imputed years of schooling imputed years of schooling imputed years of schooling imputed years of schooling 12530 30 10.813 4.378 monthly earnings in us $ monthly earnings in us $ monthly earnings in us $ monthly earnings in us $ monthly earnings in us $ 11963 567 0.0183 19604.785 127.972 281.433 monthly earnings in us (ppp) $ monthly earnings in us (ppp) $ monthly earnings in us (ppp) $ monthly earnings in us (ppp) $ monthly earnings in us (ppp) $ 11963 567 0.0494 27648.418 285.952 488.601 monthly earnings in constant prices monthly earnings in constant prices monthly earnings in constant prices monthly earnings in constant prices monthly earnings in constant prices 11963 567 3.135 1549586.777 19041.163 50540.48 log of monthly earnings in constant pric log of monthly earnings in constant pric log of monthly earnings in constant pric log of monthly earnings in constant pric log of monthly earnings in constant pric 11963 567 1.143 14.253 8.076 1.924 log of monthly earnings in us$ ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ ppp 11963 567 -3.008 10.227 5.172 0.969 dummy for second round dummy for second round dummy for second round dummy for second round dummy for second round 12530 1 dummy for third round dummy for third round dummy for third round dummy for third round dummy for third round 12530 1 country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia 12530 1 country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana 12530 1 country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon 12530 1 formal years of education squared formal years of education squared formal years of education squared formal years of education squared formal years of education squared 12385 145 361 110.256 73.744 years worked in current firm squared years worked in current firm squared years worked in current firm squared years worked in current firm squared years worked in current firm squared 12489 41 2500 100.733 182.27 dummy if worker managment dummy if worker managment dummy if worker managment dummy if worker managment dummy if worker managment 11368 1162 1 Sysmiss dummy if worker aministration dummy if worker aministration dummy if worker aministration dummy if worker aministration dummy if worker aministration 11368 1162 1 Sysmiss dummy if worker sales staff dummy if worker sales staff dummy if worker sales staff dummy if worker sales staff dummy if worker sales staff 11368 1162 1 Sysmiss dummy if worker a supervisor dummy if worker a supervisor dummy if worker a supervisor dummy if worker a supervisor dummy if worker a supervisor 11368 1162 1 Sysmiss dummy if worker a technician dummy if worker a technician dummy if worker a technician dummy if worker a technician dummy if worker a technician 11368 1162 1 Sysmiss dummy if worker an apprentice dummy if worker an apprentice dummy if worker an apprentice dummy if worker an apprentice dummy if worker an apprentice 6773 5757 1 Sysmiss dummy if worker a master dummy if worker a master dummy if worker a master dummy if worker a master dummy if worker a master 5673 6857 1 Sysmiss dummy if a production or support worker dummy if a production or support worker dummy if a production or support worker dummy if a production or support worker dummy if a production or support worker 2795 9735 1 Sysmiss country dummy for zimbabwe country dummy for zimbabwe country dummy for zimbabwe country dummy for zimbabwe country dummy for zimbabwe 12530 1 country name country name country name country name country name 12530 Cameroon Ghana Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe potential experience in years potential experience in years potential experience in years potential experience in years potential experience in years 12530 59 16.594 10.872 dummy for education attained dummy for education attained dummy for education attained dummy for education attained dummy for education attained 12385 auniv bsecc cprim dnone log of annual earnings in constant price log of annual earnings in constant price log of annual earnings in constant price log of annual earnings in constant price log of annual earnings in constant price 11963 567 3.627 16.738 10.561 1.924 firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number 957 1001 40841 8647.838 12228.268 round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy 957 1 2 3 country name country name country name country name country name 957 Cameroon Ghana Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe value-added to capital (doestic prices) value-added to capital (doestic prices) value-added to capital (doestic prices) value-added to capital (doestic prices) value-added to capital (doestic prices) 957 0.0208 72.65 2.343 6.408 monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp 659 298 16.059 2840.41 300.464 308.55 659 298 5.546 1081.582 124.572 134.56 log of monthly earnings in us$ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ppp log of monthly earnings in us$ppp 659 298 2.776 7.952 5.354 0.853 log capital/employee in us ppp$ lagged log capital/employee in us ppp$ lagged log capital/employee in us ppp$ lagged log capital/employee in us ppp$ lagged log capital/employee in us ppp$ lagged 957 0.108 12.48 8.339 2.002 log value-added/employee in us ppp $ log value-added/employee in us ppp $ log value-added/employee in us ppp $ log value-added/employee in us ppp $ log value-added/employee in us ppp $ 957 2.632 13.93 8.502 1.404 log of weighted av. of education per fir log of weighted av. of education per fir log of weighted av. of education per fir log of weighted av. of education per fir log of weighted av. of education per fir 957 0.431 2.789 2.136 0.266 weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged 957 2.351 3.914 3.373 0.253 weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged 957 -2.213 3.161 1.615 0.795 log value-added in us ppp $ log value-added in us ppp $ log value-added in us ppp $ log value-added in us ppp $ log value-added in us ppp $ 957 4.545 19.026 12.02 2.552 log capital in us ppp$ lagged log capital in us ppp$ lagged log capital in us ppp$ lagged log capital in us ppp$ lagged log capital in us ppp$ lagged 957 4.705 19.945 11.876 3.105 log employment log employment log employment log employment log employment 957 8.412 3.518 1.594 log of total years of education lagged log of total years of education lagged log of total years of education lagged log of total years of education lagged log of total years of education lagged 957 1.253 10.969 5.673 1.681 log of total age lagged log of total age lagged log of total age lagged log of total age lagged log of total age lagged 957 2.398 11.901 6.911 1.767 log of total years of tenure lagged log of total years of tenure lagged log of total years of tenure lagged log of total years of tenure lagged log of total years of tenure lagged 957 -2.197 10.895 5.152 2.128 employment employment employment employment employment 957 1 4500 126.682 319.309 log employment lagged one period log employment lagged one period log employment lagged one period log employment lagged one period log employment lagged one period 957 8.407 3.537 1.595 university completed lagged university completed lagged university completed lagged university completed lagged university completed lagged 829 128 1 0.021 0.0736 secondary completed lagged secondary completed lagged secondary completed lagged secondary completed lagged secondary completed lagged 829 128 1 0.306 0.296 primary completed lagged primary completed lagged primary completed lagged primary completed lagged primary completed lagged 829 128 1 0.55 0.322 no education lagged no education lagged no education lagged no education lagged no education lagged 829 128 1 0.0201 0.0939 weighted av. of education per firm lagge weighted av. of education per firm lagge weighted av. of education per firm lagge weighted av. of education per firm lagge weighted av. of education per firm lagge 957 1.538 16.26 8.733 2.029 weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged weighted av. of age per firm lagged 957 10.5 50.117 30.062 6.942 weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged weighted av. of tenure per firm lagged 957 0.109 23.585 6.51 4.332 capital in us$ppp/employee lagged capital in us$ppp/employee lagged capital in us$ppp/employee lagged capital in us$ppp/employee lagged capital in us$ppp/employee lagged 957 1.114 263044.832 16205.522 28620.326 value-added in uis$pp/employee value-added in uis$pp/employee value-added in uis$pp/employee value-added in uis$pp/employee value-added in uis$pp/employee 957 13.897 1121570.004 13128.875 45491.683 human capital=education+tenure per firm human capital=education+tenure per firm human capital=education+tenure per firm human capital=education+tenure per firm human capital=education+tenure per firm 957 3.733 33.617 15.243 4.592 dummy for round dummy for round dummy for round dummy for round dummy for round 957 1 dummy=1 for firm in capital city dummy=1 for firm in capital city dummy=1 for firm in capital city dummy=1 for firm in capital city dummy=1 for firm in capital city 957 1 dummy =1 for wood sector dummy =1 for wood sector dummy =1 for wood sector dummy =1 for wood sector dummy =1 for wood sector 957 1 dummy=1 for textile an clothing sector dummy=1 for textile an clothing sector dummy=1 for textile an clothing sector dummy=1 for textile an clothing sector dummy=1 for textile an clothing sector 957 1 dummy=1 for metal and machines sector dummy=1 for metal and machines sector dummy=1 for metal and machines sector dummy=1 for metal and machines sector dummy=1 for metal and machines sector 957 1 any foreign ownership any foreign ownership any foreign ownership any foreign ownership any foreign ownership 957 1 any state ownership any state ownership any state ownership any state ownership any state ownership 957 1 country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana country dummy for ghana 957 1 country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya country dummy for kenya 957 1 dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe 957 1 country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon country dummy for cameroon 957 1 country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia country dummy for zambia 957 1 value-added/employee in us ppp $ value-added/employee in us ppp $ value-added/employee in us ppp $ value-added/employee in us ppp $ value-added/employee in us ppp $ 957 13.897 1121570.004 13128.875 45491.683 eduction weighted squared eduction weighted squared eduction weighted squared eduction weighted squared eduction weighted squared 957 2.367 264.388 80.372 35.986 age weighted squared age weighted squared age weighted squared age weighted squared age weighted squared 957 110.25 2511.728 951.885 412.423 tenure weighted squared tenure weighted squared tenure weighted squared tenure weighted squared tenure weighted squared 957 0.012 556.239 61.134 79.828 monthly earning in usppp$ monthly earning in usppp$ monthly earning in usppp$ monthly earning in usppp$ monthly earning in usppp$ 659 298 16.059 2840.41 300.464 308.55 capital per employee in us ppp$ capital per employee in us ppp$ capital per employee in us ppp$ capital per employee in us ppp$ capital per employee in us ppp$ 957 1.114 263044.832 16205.522 28620.326 value-added to capital in us ppp$ value-added to capital in us ppp$ value-added to capital in us ppp$ value-added to capital in us ppp$ value-added to capital in us ppp$ 957 0.00958 2020.206 7.59 68.555 log human capital (education+tenure) tot log human capital (education+tenure) tot log human capital (education+tenure) tot log human capital (education+tenure) tot log human capital (education+tenure) tot 957 -0.3 21.593 10.825 3.743 957 3.733 33.617 15.243 4.592 human capital (edcuation+tenure) squared human capital (edcuation+tenure) squared human capital (edcuation+tenure) squared human capital (edcuation+tenure) squared human capital (edcuation+tenure) squared 957 13.938 1130.116 253.413 153.326 log of edcuation/employee + log (tenure/ log of edcuation/employee + log (tenure/ log of edcuation/employee + log (tenure/ log of edcuation/employee + log (tenure/ log of edcuation/employee + log (tenure/ 957 -0.3 5.554 3.751 0.839 firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number 2130 1001 40871 9228.548 12067.237 round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy 2130 1 2 3 country name country name country name country name country name 2130 Cameroon Ghana Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe university education completed university education completed university education completed university education completed university education completed 1654 476 1 0.0258 0.0886 secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed 1654 476 1 0.314 0.306 primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed 1654 476 1 0.541 0.33 no education no education no education no education no education 1654 476 1 0.0243 0.107 number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) 2128 2 1 4500 125.39 339.576 dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city 2130 1 dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto 2130 1 dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec 2130 1 dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector 2130 1 log of employment log of employment log of employment log of employment log of employment 2128 2 8.412 3.412 1.651 value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital 2130 0.0204 96.747 2.581 7.219 capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added 2130 0.0103 49.02 4.038 6.87 dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership 2064 66 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership 2063 67 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana 2130 1 dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya 2130 1 dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe 2130 1 dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon 2130 1 dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia 2130 1 weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm 1994 136 17.596 8.621 2.547 weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm 1994 136 54.591 29.014 8.096 weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm 1994 136 23.585 6.036 3.964 value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp 2130 40.65 183198031.98 2363816.755 10002150.302 capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp 2130 8.481 459363957.597 3486194.374 17500555.869 monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ 1589 541 0.0217 6933.333 163.371 300.865 monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp 1589 541 0.0546 8526.155 335.813 423.517 log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp 2130 3.705 19.026 11.893 2.614 log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp 2130 2.138 19.945 11.803 3.051 total years of education in firm total years of education in firm total years of education in firm total years of education in firm total years of education in firm 1992 138 58061.395 1021.006 2978.973 total age of workers in firm total age of workers in firm total age of workers in firm total age of workers in firm total age of workers in firm 1992 138 147462.805 3737.361 10696.425 total tenure of workers in firm total tenure of workers in firm total tenure of workers in firm total tenure of workers in firm total tenure of workers in firm 1992 138 53912.422 968.623 3227.389 log of total years of education in firm log of total years of education in firm log of total years of education in firm log of total years of education in firm log of total years of education in firm 1938 192 0.916 10.969 5.497 1.708 log of total age of workers in firm log of total age of workers in firm log of total age of workers in firm log of total age of workers in firm log of total age of workers in firm 1942 188 2.351 11.901 6.709 1.767 log of total tenure of workers in firm log of total tenure of workers in firm log of total tenure of workers in firm log of total tenure of workers in firm log of total tenure of workers in firm 1938 192 -2.197 10.895 4.952 2.054 log of weighted years of education in fi log of weighted years of education in fi log of weighted years of education in fi log of weighted years of education in fi log of weighted years of education in fi 1939 191 0.288 2.868 2.15 0.268 log of weighted age of workers in firm log of weighted age of workers in firm log of weighted age of workers in firm log of weighted age of workers in firm log of weighted age of workers in firm 1943 187 2.079 4 3.365 0.248 log of weighted tenure of workers in fir log of weighted tenure of workers in fir log of weighted tenure of workers in fir log of weighted tenure of workers in fir log of weighted tenure of workers in fir 1939 191 -2.5 3.161 1.603 0.742 log of value-added/employee in us$ ppp log of value-added/employee in us$ ppp log of value-added/employee in us$ ppp log of value-added/employee in us$ ppp log of value-added/employee in us$ ppp 2128 2 -0.688 13.93 8.48 1.456 log of capital/employee in us$ ppp log of capital/employee in us$ ppp log of capital/employee in us$ ppp log of capital/employee in us$ ppp log of capital/employee in us$ ppp 2128 2 -0.347 13.463 8.391 1.923 capital/employee in us$ ppp capital/employee in us$ ppp capital/employee in us$ ppp capital/employee in us$ ppp capital/employee in us$ ppp 2128 2 0.707 702790.077 16412.174 32380.151 value-added/employee in us$ ppp value-added/employee in us$ ppp value-added/employee in us$ ppp value-added/employee in us$ ppp value-added/employee in us$ ppp 2128 2 0.503 1121570.004 12763.512 36329.94 firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number 3029 20871 2886.544 5968.965 managment workers managment workers managment workers managment workers managment workers 2802 227 225 3.556 9.261 aministration workers aministration workers aministration workers aministration workers aministration workers 2706 323 700 5.224 22.67 sales staff sales staff sales staff sales staff sales staff 2716 313 1488 8.037 48.07 supervisors supervisors supervisors supervisors supervisors 2337 692 334 4.968 17.335 technicians technicians technicians technicians technicians 2304 725 361 5.209 20.173 production or support workers production or support workers production or support workers production or support workers production or support workers 2810 219 -1 4615 88.093 278.376 1859 1170 135 2.354 6.888 round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy 3029 1 2 3 masters masters masters masters masters 796 2233 55 1.094 4.563 dummy for first round dummy for first round dummy for first round dummy for first round dummy for first round 3029 1 dummy for second round dummy for second round dummy for second round dummy for second round dummy for second round 3029 1 dummy for third round dummy for third round dummy for third round dummy for third round dummy for third round 3029 1 dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon 3029 1 dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya 3029 1 dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana 3029 1 dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe 3029 1 dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia 3029 1 3029 Cameroon Ghana Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number 3291 20871 3057.793 6038.052 round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy 3291 1 2 3 country name country name country name country name country name 3291 Cameroon Ghana Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe university education completed university education completed university education completed university education completed university education completed 2315 976 1 0.0284 0.094 secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed secondary education completed 2315 976 1 0.313 0.303 primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed primary education completed 2315 976 1 0.538 0.329 no education no education no education no education no education 2315 976 1 0.0249 0.109 number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) 2760 531 1 6059 126.73 373.766 value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices 2378 913 600 59576000000 224679482.95 1840372779.683 dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city 2916 375 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto 2913 378 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec 2913 378 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector 2913 378 1 Sysmiss log of employment log of employment log of employment log of employment log of employment 2760 531 8.709 3.343 1.672 value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital 2196 1095 0.00024 2596.147 7.437 88.234 capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added 2196 1095 0.000385 4166.667 9.851 105.262 dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership 2860 431 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership 2859 432 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana 3279 12 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya 3279 12 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe 3279 12 1 Sysmiss replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock 2533 758 11 140000000000 436373069.97 3837654618.087 dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon 3279 12 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia 3279 12 1 Sysmiss weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm weighted years of education in firm 3088 203 17.596 7.446 3.797 weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm weighted age of workers in firm 3088 203 54.591 25.038 12.421 weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm weighted tenure in firm 3088 203 29.079 5.175 4.18 weighted potential experience in firm weighted potential experience in firm weighted potential experience in firm weighted potential experience in firm weighted potential experience in firm 3088 203 -1.818 45.756 13.514 7.793 value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp value-added in us$ ppp 2378 913 32.792 183198031.98 2364847.694 10331195.888 capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp capital stock in us$ ppp 2533 758 2.552 555555555.556 3662228.205 21344773.484 monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ monthly earnings in us$ 2221 1070 0.0217 13312 162.533 386.396 monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp monthly earnings in us$ ppp 2221 1070 0.0546 16370.219 320.345 507.998 log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp log of value-added in us$ ppp 2378 913 3.49 19.026 11.799 2.671 log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp log of capital stock in us$ ppp 2533 758 0.937 20.135 11.772 3.046 log of capital in us$ ppp/employee log of capital in us$ ppp/employee log of capital in us$ ppp/employee log of capital in us$ ppp/employee log of capital in us$ ppp/employee 2485 806 -1.461 13.463 8.437 1.964 firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number firm identification number 3223 20871 3096.679 6078.103 round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy round dummy 3223 1 2 3 number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) number of employees in firm (employment) 2760 463 1 6059 126.73 373.766 value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices value-added in domesitc prices 2521 702 -1716640000 59576000000 209107496.444 1789097918.394 dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city dummy if firm in the capital city 2916 307 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto dummy if firm in wood or furniture secto 2913 310 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec dummy if firm in textile or clothing sec 2913 310 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector dummy if firm in metal sector 2913 310 1 Sysmiss log of value-added in domesitc prices log of value-added in domesitc prices log of value-added in domesitc prices log of value-added in domesitc prices log of value-added in domesitc prices 2378 845 6.397 24.811 15.69 2.76 log of employment log of employment log of employment log of employment log of employment 2760 463 8.709 3.343 1.672 log of replacement value of the capital log of replacement value of the capital log of replacement value of the capital log of replacement value of the capital log of replacement value of the capital 2533 690 2.398 25.665 16.043 3.167 value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital value-added/capital 1926 1297 -1430.549 2240.727 4.895 79.03 capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added capital/value-added 2331 892 -1142.857 4166.667 7.451 106.026 dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership dummy if firm has any foreign onwership 2860 363 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership dummy if firm has any state ownership 2859 364 1 Sysmiss dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana dummy if firm in ghana 3223 1 dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya dummy if firm in kneya 3223 1 dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe dummy if firm in zimbabwe 3223 1 replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock replacement value of the capital stock 400 2823 50000 10000000000 387479900.755 1289400358.026 dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon dummy if firm in cameroon 3223 1 dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia dummy if firm in zambia 3223 1 3223 Cameroon Ghana Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe