DDI_PAN_1990_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS Noveno Censo Nacional de Población y Quinto de Vivienda de Panamá 1990 IPUMS May 20, 2024 MetadataEditor Version 7.5 October 2024. NEW FEATURES. --Historical data from NAPP project now available from IPUMS-International. --Historical census data from Canada, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the United States for the period 1703 to 1911 are now available from IPUMS-International. The complete count and sample datasets were previously disseminated by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP). Where possible, the data have been integrated into existing IPUMS-International variable coding schema. Some new variables have been created that are available only for these pre-1960 datasets. NAPP data users should note that many NAPP variables are available from IPUMS-International by different names. For a complete list of NAPP variables that have been renamed in IPUMS-Interational, refer to the crosswalk. --Individual country shapefiles for the third-level administrative level of geography are now available for a few IPUMS samples. --New spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS now hosts the Census Mosaic data collection. Census Mosaic identifies, gathers, harmonizes, and distributes surviving historical census microdata from regions of Continental Europe where complete centralized records are not available. The Mosaic project was founded by a consortium of historical social scientists in Europe. Data can be downloaded as static files from the Census Mosaic website. Although the data are not yet integrated fully into IPUMS International, variables have been standardized and harmonized to be roughly compatible with IPUMS coding structures. NEW SAMPLES. --Full-count datasets for Great Britain 1851, 1861, 1871 (Scotland only), 1891, and 1901. --Full-count dataset for Sweden 1910. Denmark (1845, 1880, and 1885) --Labor force surveys from Spain and eight new labor force surveys from Italy added to the series. Newly added countries: Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, Laos, Lesotho, Mauritius, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Russia, Slovak Republic, Suriname, Togo, and Zimbabwe New samples for: Bolivia, Cambodia, Cambodia, Chile, Cuba, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt (1848 and 1868, historical samples), Fiji, Guinea, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Lao PDR, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Palestine, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Switzerland, Uganda, United States, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe SUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Data from censuses from Benin and Lesotho that record individual fertility and/or mortality events were made available in IPUMS-International. These files can be downloaded and linked to data produced by the extract system. NEW VARIABLES. --IPUMS-International now provides harmonized and year-specific geography variables for all countries including 13 new samples from Dominican Republic, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Palestine, Paraguay, Thailand, United Kingdom, and Uruguay. First-level and second-level year specific geography variables are also available for all countries. IPUMS provides corresponding, downloadable GIS boundary files for all harmonized and year specific geography variables. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography. The codes for the spatially harmonized previous-residence variables match the spatially harmonized place of current residence. More information is available here. --IPUMS International provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples; previously available country-specific migration variables at the first administrative level that were not fully harmonized spatially have been phased out. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for selected samples. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --IPUMS International now provides spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the first administrative level of geography for all samples. Spatially harmonized previous-residence variables at the second administrative level of geography are available for several samples in this data release. More information is available here. Users should note that many older migration variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. --Lower (third) level geography codes and GIS files have been added for Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, Mali, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe. Some geography codes and labels might have changed for these countries to accommodate the newer lower level geography. --Added more detailed 3-digit industry and occupation variables for China 2000. EDITED SAMPLES. --Revised full-count data for Great Britain 1881 --Revised full-count datasets for Sweden 1890 and 1900. The revision includes the following changes that improve comparability across Sweden datasets: --Revisions to certain ethnicity and work variables (and the underlying source data): ORIGIN, LABFORCE, OCCHISCO, OCRELATE, OCSTATUS. --Revisions to unharmonized source variables: SE1890A_HISCOSE, SE1890A_HISCRELSE, SE1890A_HISCSTATSE, SE1890A_OCCMULTISE, SE1900A_HISCOSE, SE1900A_HISCRELSE, SE1900A_HISCSTATSE, SE1900A_OCCMULTISE. --A new United States 1850 full-count dataset now matches the corresponding dataset distributed by the USA IPUMS data project. The source variable US1850A_0502 (HISTID) provides a linking key to match person records to the USA version of the data. The IPUMS International version of the data contains names, which the USA version cannot distribute. EDITED VARIABLES. An error affecting HHWT for South Africa 2007 was corrected. The existing values were adjusted by a factor of 0.01. AGEMARR was edited to add data for Hungary 1980 and 1990. Harmonized and year-specific geography variables for Brazil and Colombia have been edited to accommodate for the availability of refined municipal boundaries. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these two countries. Errors affecting BPLSE2 (formerly BPLPARSE) for Sweden 1890 and the underlying source variable were corrected. Several thousand cases were incorrectly coded as 258101000. These cases have been updated with the correct code: 258171000. Harmonized geography variables for Italy, Philippines, Rwanda, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. The codes for the source variable RW2002A_0419 were corrected to include 0 and 8 as possible responses, which were previously identified as 'unknown years' within primary education. Errors affecting EDUCFJ for Fiji 2006 were corrected. A problem with PERWT for Tanzania 2012 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. MOMLOC, POPLOC, and PARRULE were updated for the United States 2010 and 2015 samples to include additional information on subfamilies. Prior to this correction, persons above age 17 were not receiving links to their co-resident mothers and fathers. An error affecting codes for the URBAN variable in Egypt 1986 for Cairo, Alexandria, Port-Said, and Suez was corrected. An error in INCEARN affecting Venezuela 2001 was corrected. Earned income in the source variable VE2001A_0440 is interpreted as a monthly amount, thus adjustments previously applied to convert data from daily or weekly income were supressed. All the six Brazil samples in IPUMS International were replaced with higher density samples. An edited version of the Chile 2017 sample was introduced to correct an error in household breaks. Errors affecting codes for GEO1_ZA in South Africa 2011 and ENUTS1 in United Kingdom 1991 were corrected. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Fiji, and Nepal have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography varaibles for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in PERWT affecting Nepal 2001 was corrected. Errors affecting a code in GQ for Brazil 2010 and Indonesia 2010 were corrected. Both census samples now identify 1-person units created by splitting a large household. An error in MARRNUM affecting Indonesia 1976 was corrected. Some codes for GEO1_EG2006 and GEO2_EG2006 were edited. Harmonized geography variables for Bolivia, Cuba, Guinea, Ireland, Morocco, Palestine, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error in INCEARN affecting Brazil 1980 was corrected. An error in EDATTAIN affecting Ireland 1971 and 1981 was corrected. A small proportion of person records in Mexico 1960 were re-classified in MIGRATEP based on information about their current and previous residence. These were previously coded to 'different major administrative unit', even though their place of residence suggests that their last move was within the same major administrative unit. The second-level technician (higher) degrees for Spain 1991, 2001, and 2011 were re-classified into post-secondary technical education in EDATTAIN. An error affecting codes for SEX for Egypt 1848 and 1868 was corrected. The values for male and female had been reversed. A problem with HHWT and PERWT for Canada 2011 was corrected. The previous weights were adjusted to properly reflect population totals. Harmonized geography variables for Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mexico, Peru, Switzerland, Vietnam, Puerto Rico, United Kingdom, and United States have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. Harmonized geography variables for Chile and Sierra Leone have been edited to accommodate new samples. Users should be aware that codes and labels have changed in all harmonized and year-specific geography variables for these countries. More information about IPUMS geography variables is available here. An error affecting codes for COMPUTER for Senegal 2013 was corrected. An error affecting labels available in IND for Peru 1993 was corrected. An error affecting codes for persons previously residing abroad for MIG1_5_BO in Bolivia 2001 and 2012 was corrected. EDUCAR, EDATTAIN, and YRSCHOOL were adjusted in the Argentina samples to incorporate information on completion of education levels in the data harmonization. HHWT and PERWT were calibrated in Kenya 1979 to properly reflect the population distribution by province. In GQ (group quarters status), persons residing in hospitals of all types were reclassified to 'institutional group quarters' from 'other group quarters,' making their treatment consistent with GQTYPE. Errors affecting codes for BPLBJ2 in Benin 1979, 1992, and 2002 were corrected. Errors affecting codes for GEO2_BR1970 in Brazil 1970 were corrected. Noveno Censo Nacional de Población y Quinto de Vivienda de Panamá 1990 - IPUMS Subset PHC Panama 1990 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) PAN_1990_PHC_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo IPUMS (c) Copyright 1990, Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo and Minnesota Population Center MetadataEditor Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] IPUMS International DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.5 Version 7.5. The datasets contain selected variables from the original census microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database. Demographic Variables -- PERSON Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Work Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Disability Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Income Variables -- PERSON Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Education Variables -- PERSON Technical Person Variables -- PERSON Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD Work Variables -- PERSON Demographic Variables -- PERSON Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON Income Variables -- PERSON Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON Disability Variables -- PERSON Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON Other Person Variables -- PERSON Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON Panama District with 20,000+ population combined by IPUMS Persons, households, and dwellings UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: no - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: Any place or premises structurally separate or independent, that has been built, made, or converted for use as permanent or temporary housing or lodging of persons or also any class of lodging, fixed or mobile, occupied by persons as a living quarters on the date of collection of information. Private and collective dwellings exist. Withink the dwellings reside group sof persons named households. - Households: A person or group of related or not [related] persons who reside habitually in the dwelling and who share their food or who depend voluntarily on a common budget to take care of these and other necessities essential for living. - Group quarters: A group of persons who inhabit a dwelling under a non-family set of rules and who live together to take care of these and other necessities essential for living. All persons present in the territory and waters under the jurisdiction of the Republic and all living units, occupied or not, that exist in the country on May 13, 1990. All persons who slept in the dwelling the night before, including domestic servants and their relatives, guests, etc. if they slept there. In addition, all persons who habitually reside in the dwelling even if they didn't sleep there the night before because of their job, recreation, or other transitory cause. Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen] Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: Panama 1990 MICRODATA SOURCE: Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 232737. SAMPLE DESIGN: Systematic sample of every 10th household. Face-to-face [f2f] A single Enumeration form that asked questions at both the individual and dwelling level de facto, CENSUS DAY: May 13, 1990 Self-weighting; expansion factor = 10 IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.5 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.5 Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: Panama, Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo. Noveno Censo Nacional de Población y Quinto de Vivienda de Panamá 1990 The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu. Printed matter should be sent to: IPUMS International Minnesota Population Center University of Minnesota 50 Willey Hall 225 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions: IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. PAN1990_PHC-H-H Household records 61 94 PAN1990_PHC-P-H Person records 232737 103 Record type H Household P Person RECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person. NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types. IPUMS Country 032 Argentina 051 Armenia 040 Austria 050 Bangladesh 112 Belarus 204 Benin 068 Bolivia 072 Botswana 076 Brazil 854 Burkina Faso 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 124 Canada 152 Chile 156 China 170 Colombia 188 Costa Rica 192 Cuba 208 Denmark 214 Dominican Republic 218 Ecuador 818 Egypt 222 El Salvador 231 Ethiopia 242 Fiji 246 Finland 250 France 276 Germany 288 Ghana 300 Greece 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 332 Haiti 340 Honduras 348 Hungary 352 Iceland 356 India 360 Indonesia 364 Iran 368 Iraq 372 Ireland 376 Israel 380 Italy 384 Ivory Coast 388 Jamaica 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 417 Kyrgyz Republic 418 Laos 426 Lesotho 430 Liberia 454 Malawi 458 Malaysia 466 Mali 480 Mauritius 484 Mexico 496 Mongolia 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 104 Myanmar 524 Nepal 528 Netherlands 558 Nicaragua 566 Nigeria 578 Norway 586 Pakistan 275 Palestine 591 Panama 598 Papua New Guinea 600 Paraguay 604 Peru 608 Philippines 616 Poland 620 Portugal 630 Puerto Rico 642 Romania 643 Russia 646 Rwanda 662 Saint Lucia 686 Senegal 694 Sierra Leone 703 Slovak Republic 705 Slovenia 710 South Africa 728 South Sudan 724 Spain 729 Sudan 740 Suriname 752 Sweden 756 Switzerland 834 Tanzania 764 Thailand 768 Togo 780 Trinidad and Tobago 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 804 Ukraine 826 United Kingdom 840 United States 858 Uruguay 862 Venezuela 704 Vietnam 894 Zambia 716 Zimbabwe COUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year 1703 1703 1729 1729 1787 1787 1801 1801 1819 1819 1845 1845 1848 1848 1850 1850 1851 1851 1852 1852 1860 1860 1861 1861 1865 1865 1868 1868 1870 1870 1871 1871 1875 1875 1880 1880 1881 1881 1885 1885 1890 1890 1891 1891 1900 1900 1901 1901 1910 1910 1911 1911 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1966 1966 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 YEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported. IPUMS IPUMS sample identifier 032197001 Argentina 1970 032198001 Argentina 1980 032199101 Argentina 1991 032200101 Argentina 2001 032201001 Argentina 2010 051200101 Armenia 2001 051201101 Armenia 2011 040197101 Austria 1971 040198101 Austria 1981 040199101 Austria 1991 040200101 Austria 2001 040201101 Austria 2011 050199101 Bangladesh 1991 050200101 Bangladesh 2001 050201101 Bangladesh 2011 112199901 Belarus 1999 112200901 Belarus 2009 204197901 Benin 1979 204199201 Benin 1992 204200201 Benin 2002 204201301 Benin 2013 068197601 Bolivia 1976 068199201 Bolivia 1992 068200101 Bolivia 2001 068201201 Bolivia 2012 072198101 Botswana 1981 072199101 Botswana 1991 072200101 Botswana 2001 072201101 Botswana 2011 076196001 Brazil 1960 076197001 Brazil 1970 076198001 Brazil 1980 076199101 Brazil 1991 076200001 Brazil 2000 076201001 Brazil 2010 854198501 Burkina Faso 1985 854199601 Burkina Faso 1996 854200601 Burkina Faso 2006 116199801 Cambodia 1998 116200401 Cambodia 2004 116200801 Cambodia 2008 116201301 Cambodia 2013 116201901 Cambodia 2019 120197601 Cameroon 1976 120198701 Cameroon 1987 120200501 Cameroon 2005 124185201 Canada 1852 124187101 Canada 1871 124188101 Canada 1881 124189101 Canada 1891 124190101 Canada 1901 124191101 Canada 1911 124197101 Canada 1971 124198101 Canada 1981 124199101 Canada 1991 124200101 Canada 2001 124201101 Canada 2011 152196001 Chile 1960 152197001 Chile 1970 152198201 Chile 1982 152199201 Chile 1992 152200201 Chile 2002 152201701 Chile 2017 156198201 China 1982 156199001 China 1990 156200001 China 2000 170196401 Colombia 1964 170197301 Colombia 1973 170198501 Colombia 1985 170199301 Colombia 1993 170200501 Colombia 2005 188196301 Costa Rica 1963 188197301 Costa Rica 1973 188198401 Costa Rica 1984 188200001 Costa Rica 2000 188201101 Costa Rica 2011 192200201 Cuba 2002 192201201 Cuba 2012 208178701 Denmark 1787 208180101 Denmark 1801 208184501 Denmark 1845 208188001 Denmark 1880 208188501 Denmark 1885 214196001 Dominican Republic 1960 214197001 Dominican Republic 1970 214198101 Dominican Republic 1981 214200201 Dominican Republic 2002 214201001 Dominican Republic 2010 218196201 Ecuador 1962 218197401 Ecuador 1974 218198201 Ecuador 1982 218199001 Ecuador 1990 218200101 Ecuador 2001 218201001 Ecuador 2010 818184801 Egypt 1848 818186801 Egypt 1868 818198601 Egypt 1986 818199601 Egypt 1996 818200601 Egypt 2006 222199201 El Salvador 1992 222200701 El Salvador 2007 231198401 Ethiopia 1984 231199401 Ethiopia 1994 231200701 Ethiopia 2007 242196601 Fiji 1966 242197601 Fiji 1976 242198601 Fiji 1986 242199601 Fiji 1996 242200701 Fiji 2007 242201401 Fiji 2014 246201001 Finland 2010 250196201 France 1962 250196801 France 1968 250197501 France 1975 250198201 France 1982 250199001 France 1990 250199901 France 1999 250200601 France 2006 250201101 France 2011 276181901 Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg) 276197001 Germany 1970 (West) 276197101 Germany 1971 (East) 276198101 Germany 1981 (East) 276198701 Germany 1987 (West) 288198401 Ghana 1984 288200001 Ghana 2000 288201001 Ghana 2010 300197101 Greece 1971 300198101 Greece 1981 300199101 Greece 1991 300200101 Greece 2001 300201101 Greece 2011 320196401 Guatemala 1964 320197301 Guatemala 1973 320198101 Guatemala 1981 320199401 Guatemala 1994 320200201 Guatemala 2002 324198301 Guinea 1983 324199601 Guinea 1996 324201401 Guinea 2014 332197101 Haiti 1971 332198201 Haiti 1982 332200301 Haiti 2003 340196101 Honduras 1961 340197401 Honduras 1974 340198801 Honduras 1988 340200101 Honduras 2001 348197001 Hungary 1970 348198001 Hungary 1980 348199001 Hungary 1990 348200101 Hungary 2001 348201101 Hungary 2011 352170301 Iceland 1703 352172901 Iceland 1729 352180101 Iceland 1801 352190101 Iceland 1901 352191001 Iceland 1910 356198341 India 1983 356198741 India 1987 356199341 India 1993 356199941 India 1999 356200441 India 2004 356200941 India 2009 360197101 Indonesia 1971 360197601 Indonesia 1976 360198001 Indonesia 1980 360198501 Indonesia 1985 360199001 Indonesia 1990 360199501 Indonesia 1995 360200001 Indonesia 2000 360200501 Indonesia 2005 360201001 Indonesia 2010 364200601 Iran 2006 364201101 Iran 2011 368199701 Iraq 1997 372190101 Ireland 1901 372191101 Ireland 1911 372197101 Ireland 1971 372197901 Ireland 1979 372198101 Ireland 1981 372198601 Ireland 1986 372199101 Ireland 1991 372199601 Ireland 1996 372200201 Ireland 2002 372200601 Ireland 2006 372201101 Ireland 2011 372201601 Ireland 2016 376197201 Israel 1972 376198301 Israel 1983 376199501 Israel 1995 376200801 Israel 2008 380200101 Italy 2001 380201101 Italy 2011 380201121 Italy 2011 Q1 LFS 380201221 Italy 2012 Q1 LFS 380201321 Italy 2013 Q1 LFS 380201421 Italy 2014 Q1 LFS 380201521 Italy 2015 Q1 LFS 380201621 Italy 2016 Q1 LFS 380201721 Italy 2017 Q1 LFS 380201821 Italy 2018 Q1 LFS 380201921 Italy 2019 Q1 LFS 380202021 Italy 2020 Q1 LFS 384198801 Ivory Coast 1988 384199801 Ivory Coast 1998 388198201 Jamaica 1982 388199101 Jamaica 1991 388200101 Jamaica 2001 400200401 Jordan 2004 404196901 Kenya 1969 404197901 Kenya 1979 404198901 Kenya 1989 404199901 Kenya 1999 404200901 Kenya 2009 417199901 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 417200901 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 418199501 Laos 1995 418200501 Laos 2005 418201501 Laos 2015 426199601 Lesotho 1996 426200601 Lesotho 2006 430197401 Liberia 1974 430200801 Liberia 2008 454198701 Malawi 1987 454199801 Malawi 1998 454200801 Malawi 2008 458197001 Malaysia 1970 458198001 Malaysia 1980 458199101 Malaysia 1991 458200001 Malaysia 2000 466198701 Mali 1987 466199801 Mali 1998 466200901 Mali 2009 480199001 Mauritius 1990 480200001 Mauritius 2000 480201101 Mauritius 2011 484196001 Mexico 1960 484197001 Mexico 1970 484199001 Mexico 1990 484199501 Mexico 1995 484200001 Mexico 2000 484200501 Mexico 2005 484201001 Mexico 2010 484201501 Mexico 2015 484202001 Mexico 2020 484200521 Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS 484200522 Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS 484200523 Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS 484200524 Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS 484200621 Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS 484200622 Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS 484200623 Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS 484200624 Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS 484200721 Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS 484200722 Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS 484200723 Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS 484200724 Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS 484200821 Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS 484200822 Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS 484200823 Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS 484200824 Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS 484200921 Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS 484200922 Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS 484200923 Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS 484200924 Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS 484201021 Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS 484201022 Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS 484201023 Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS 484201024 Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS 484201121 Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS 484201122 Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS 484201123 Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS 484201124 Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS 484201221 Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS 484201222 Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS 484201223 Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS 484201224 Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS 484201321 Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS 484201322 Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS 484201323 Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS 484201324 Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS 484201421 Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS 484201422 Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS 484201423 Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS 484201424 Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS 484201521 Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS 484201522 Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS 484201523 Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS 484201524 Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS 484201621 Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS 484201622 Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS 484201623 Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS 484201624 Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS 484201721 Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS 484201722 Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS 484201723 Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS 484201724 Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS 484201821 Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS 484201822 Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS 484201823 Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS 484201824 Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS 484201921 Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS 484201922 Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS 484201923 Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS 484201924 Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS 484202021 Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS 484202023 Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS 496198901 Mongolia 1989 496200001 Mongolia 2000 504198201 Morocco 1982 504199401 Morocco 1994 504200401 Morocco 2004 504201401 Morocco 2014 508199701 Mozambique 1997 508200701 Mozambique 2007 104201401 Myanmar 2014 524200101 Nepal 2001 524201101 Nepal 2011 528196001 Netherlands 1960 528197101 Netherlands 1971 528200101 Netherlands 2001 528201101 Netherlands 2011 558197101 Nicaragua 1971 558199501 Nicaragua 1995 558200501 Nicaragua 2005 566200621 Nigeria 2006 566200721 Nigeria 2007 566200821 Nigeria 2008 566200921 Nigeria 2009 566201021 Nigeria 2010 578180101 Norway 1801 578186501 Norway 1865 578187501 Norway 1875 578190001 Norway 1900 578191001 Norway 1910 586197301 Pakistan 1973 586198101 Pakistan 1981 586199801 Pakistan 1998 275199701 Palestine 1997 275200701 Palestine 2007 275201701 Palestine 2017 591196001 Panama 1960 591197001 Panama 1970 591198001 Panama 1980 591199001 Panama 1990 591200001 Panama 2000 591201001 Panama 2010 598198001 Papua New Guinea 1980 598199001 Papua New Guinea 1990 598200001 Papua New Guinea 2000 600196201 Paraguay 1962 600197201 Paraguay 1972 600198201 Paraguay 1982 600199201 Paraguay 1992 600200201 Paraguay 2002 604199301 Peru 1993 604200701 Peru 2007 604201701 Peru 2017 608199001 Philippines 1990 608199501 Philippines 1995 608200001 Philippines 2000 608201001 Philippines 2010 616197801 Poland 1978 616198801 Poland 1988 616200201 Poland 2002 616201101 Poland 2011 620198101 Portugal 1981 620199101 Portugal 1991 620200101 Portugal 2001 620201101 Portugal 2011 630197001 Puerto Rico 1970 630198001 Puerto Rico 1980 630199001 Puerto Rico 1990 630200001 Puerto Rico 2000 630200501 Puerto Rico 2005 630201001 Puerto Rico 2010 630201501 Puerto Rico 2015 630202001 Puerto Rico 2020 642197701 Romania 1977 642199201 Romania 1992 642200201 Romania 2002 642201101 Romania 2011 643200201 Russia 2002 643201001 Russia 2010 646199101 Rwanda 1991 646200201 Rwanda 2002 646201201 Rwanda 2012 662198001 Saint Lucia 1980 662199101 Saint Lucia 1991 686198801 Senegal 1988 686200201 Senegal 2002 686201301 Senegal 2013 694200401 Sierra Leone 2004 694201501 Sierra Leone 2015 703199101 Slovak Republic 1991 703200101 Slovak Republic 2001 703201101 Slovak Republic 2011 705200201 Slovenia 2002 710199601 South Africa 1996 710200101 South Africa 2001 710200701 South Africa 2007 710201101 South Africa 2011 710201601 South Africa 2016 728200801 South Sudan 2008 724198101 Spain 1981 724199101 Spain 1991 724200101 Spain 2001 724201101 Spain 2011 724200521 Spain 2005 Q1 LFS 724200522 Spain 2005 Q2 LFS 724200523 Spain 2005 Q3 LFS 724200524 Spain 2005 Q4 LFS 724200621 Spain 2006 Q1 LFS 724200622 Spain 2006 Q2 LFS 724200623 Spain 2006 Q3 LFS 724200624 Spain 2006 Q4 LFS 724200721 Spain 2007 Q1 LFS 724200722 Spain 2007 Q2 LFS 724200723 Spain 2007 Q3 LFS 724200724 Spain 2007 Q4 LFS 724200821 Spain 2008 Q1 LFS 724200822 Spain 2008 Q2 LFS 724200823 Spain 2008 Q3 LFS 724200824 Spain 2008 Q4 LFS 724200921 Spain 2009 Q1 LFS 724200922 Spain 2009 Q2 LFS 724200923 Spain 2009 Q3 LFS 724200924 Spain 2009 Q4 LFS 724201021 Spain 2010 Q1 LFS 724201022 Spain 2010 Q2 LFS 724201023 Spain 2010 Q3 LFS 724201024 Spain 2010 Q4 LFS 724201121 Spain 2011 Q1 LFS 724201122 Spain 2011 Q2 LFS 724201123 Spain 2011 Q3 LFS 724201124 Spain 2011 Q4 LFS 724201221 Spain 2012 Q1 LFS 724201222 Spain 2012 Q2 LFS 724201223 Spain 2012 Q3 LFS 724201224 Spain 2012 Q4 LFS 724201321 Spain 2013 Q1 LFS 724201322 Spain 2013 Q2 LFS 724201323 Spain 2013 Q3 LFS 724201324 Spain 2013 Q4 LFS 724201421 Spain 2014 Q1 LFS 724201422 Spain 2014 Q2 LFS 724201423 Spain 2014 Q3 LFS 724201424 Spain 2014 Q4 LFS 724201521 Spain 2015 Q1 LFS 724201522 Spain 2015 Q2 LFS 724201523 Spain 2015 Q3 LFS 724201524 Spain 2015 Q4 LFS 724201621 Spain 2016 Q1 LFS 724201622 Spain 2016 Q2 LFS 724201623 Spain 2016 Q3 LFS 724201624 Spain 2016 Q4 LFS 724201721 Spain 2017 Q1 LFS 724201722 Spain 2017 Q2 LFS 724201723 Spain 2017 Q3 LFS 724201724 Spain 2017 Q4 LFS 724201821 Spain 2018 Q1 LFS 724201822 Spain 2018 Q2 LFS 724201823 Spain 2018 Q3 LFS 724201824 Spain 2018 Q4 LFS 724201921 Spain 2019 Q1 LFS 724201922 Spain 2019 Q2 LFS 724201923 Spain 2019 Q3 LFS 724201924 Spain 2019 Q4 LFS 724202021 Spain 2020 Q1 LFS 724202022 Spain 2020 Q2 LFS 724202023 Spain 2020 Q3 LFS 724202024 Spain 2020 Q4 LFS 729200801 Sudan 2008 740200401 Suriname 2004 740201201 Suriname 2012 752188001 Sweden 1880 752189001 Sweden 1890 752190001 Sweden 1900 752191001 Sweden 1910 756197001 Switzerland 1970 756198001 Switzerland 1980 756199001 Switzerland 1990 756200001 Switzerland 2000 756201101 Switzerland 2011 834198801 Tanzania 1988 834200201 Tanzania 2002 834201201 Tanzania 2012 764197001 Thailand 1970 764198001 Thailand 1980 764199001 Thailand 1990 764200001 Thailand 2000 768196001 Togo 1960 768197001 Togo 1970 768201001 Togo 2010 780197001 Trinidad and Tobago 1970 780198001 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 780199001 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 780200001 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 780201101 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 792198501 Turkey 1985 792199001 Turkey 1990 792200001 Turkey 2000 800199101 Uganda 1991 800200201 Uganda 2002 800201401 Uganda 2014 804200101 Ukraine 2001 826185101 United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales) 826185102 United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland) 826185103 United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample) 826186101 United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales) 826186102 United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland) 826187101 United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland) 826188101 United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales) 826188102 United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland) 826189101 United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales) 826189102 United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland) 826190101 United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales) 826190102 United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland) 826191101 United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales) 826196101 United Kingdom 1961 826197101 United Kingdom 1971 826199101 United Kingdom 1991 826200101 United Kingdom 2001 840185001 United States 1850 (100%) 840185002 United States 1850 (1%) 840186001 United States 1860 (1%) 840187001 United States 1870 (1%) 840188001 United States 1880 (100%) 840188002 United States 1880 (10%) 840190001 United States 1900 (5%) 840191001 United States 1910 (1%) 840196001 United States 1960 840197001 United States 1970 840198001 United States 1980 840199001 United States 1990 840200001 United States 2000 840200501 United States 2005 840201001 United States 2010 840201501 United States 2015 840202001 United States 2020 858196301 Uruguay 1963 858196302 Uruguay 1963 (full count) 858197501 Uruguay 1975 858197502 Uruguay 1975 (full count) 858198501 Uruguay 1985 858198502 Uruguay 1985 (full count) 858199601 Uruguay 1996 858199602 Uruguay 1996 (full count) 858200621 Uruguay 2006 858201101 Uruguay 2011 858201102 Uruguay 2011 (full count) 862197101 Venezuela 1971 862198101 Venezuela 1981 862199001 Venezuela 1990 862200101 Venezuela 2001 704198901 Vietnam 1989 704199901 Vietnam 1999 704200901 Vietnam 2009 704201901 Vietnam 2019 894199001 Zambia 1990 894200001 Zambia 2000 894201001 Zambia 2010 716201201 Zimbabwe 2012 SAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows: The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41). IPUMS Household serial number SERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database. SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred: Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets. The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL. SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable. The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes. IPUMS Number of person records in the household PERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons. PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Household weight HHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics. NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Subsample number 00 1st 1% subsample 01 2nd 1% subsample 02 3rd 1% subsample 03 4th 1% subsample 04 5th 1% subsample 05 6th 1% subsample 06 7th 1% subsample 07 8th 1% subsample 08 9th 1% subsample 09 10th 1% subsample 10 11th 1% subsample 11 12th 1% subsample 12 13th 1% subsample 13 14th 1% subsample 14 15th 1% subsample 15 16th 1% subsample 16 17th 1% subsample 17 18th 1% subsample 18 19th 1% subsample 19 20th 1% subsample 20 21st 1% subsample 21 22nd 1% subsample 22 23rd 1% subsample 23 24th 1% subsample 24 25th 1% subsample 25 26th 1% subsample 26 27th 1% subsample 27 28th 1% subsample 28 29th 1% subsample 29 30th 1% subsample 30 31st 1% subsample 31 32nd 1% subsample 32 33rd 1% subsample 33 34th 1% subsample 34 35th 1% subsample 35 36th 1% subsample 36 37th 1% subsample 37 38th 1% subsample 38 39th 1% subsample 39 40th 1% subsample 40 41st 1% subsample 41 42nd 1% subsample 42 43rd 1% subsample 43 44th 1% subsample 44 45th 1% subsample 45 46th 1% subsample 46 47th 1% subsample 47 48th 1% subsample 48 49th 1% subsample 49 50th 1% subsample 50 51st 1% subsample 51 52nd 1% subsample 52 53rd 1% subsample 53 54th 1% subsample 54 55th 1% subsample 55 56th 1% subsample 56 57th 1% subsample 57 58th 1% subsample 58 59th 1% subsample 59 60th 1% subsample 60 61st 1% subsample 61 62nd 1% subsample 62 63rd 1% subsample 63 64th 1% subsample 64 65th 1% subsample 65 66th 1% subsample 66 67th 1% subsample 67 68th 1% subsample 68 69th 1% subsample 69 70th 1% subsample 70 71st 1% subsample 71 72nd 1% subsample 72 73rd 1% subsample 73 74th 1% subsample 74 75th 1% subsample 75 76th 1% subsample 76 77th 1% subsample 77 78th 1% subsample 78 79th 1% subsample 79 80th 1% subsample 80 81st 1% subsample 81 82nd 1% subsample 82 83rd 1% subsample 83 84th 1% subsample 84 85th 1% subsample 85 86th 1% subsample 86 87th 1% subsample 87 88th 1% subsample 88 89th 1% subsample 89 90th 1% subsample 90 91st 1% subsample 91 92nd 1% subsample 92 93rd 1% subsample 93 94th 1% subsample 94 95th 1% subsample 95 96th 1% subsample 96 97th 1% subsample 97 98th 1% subsample 98 99th 1% subsample 99 100th 1% subsample SUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples. IPUMS Donated household Not donated 1 Donated HHDONATE identifies households that were donated during the IPUMS data editing process. IPUMS Strata identifier This variable is the strata identifier for the sample. The STRATA variable provides information about the sample design that can be used to improve estimation. STRATA is a 12-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Group quarters (collective dwelling) status 00 Vacant 10 Households 20 Group quarters (collective), n.s. 21 Institutions 22 Other group quarters 29 1-person unit created by splitting large household 99 Unknown/group quarters not identified GQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools. Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification. Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions. IPUMS Group quarters type 100 Institutional 110 Prisons, reformatories, or correctional institutions 120 Hospital, nursing home, hospice, or instutions for persons with disabilities 121 Institutions for persons with disabilities 122 Sanatorium or mental institutions 130 Homes for the elderly or orphanage 131 Retirement home 132 Orphanage, children's home 140 Shelter for homeless, youth, or others 150 Military or police institution 160 Boarding school or student housing 170 Religious institution, monastery, seminary, or convent 199 Other institutional n.e.c. 200 Non-institutional 210 Camps (refugees, workers, or others) 220 Hotel, pension, lodging, or boarding house 230 Floating population 299 Other non-institutional n.e.c. 300 Other group quarters 399 1-person unit created by splitting large household 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) GQTYPE identifies the type of group quarters -- collective dwellings -- which are broadly classified into institutional and non-institutional types. Institutions are a place of residence where people are subject to a common authority or bound by a common objective or personal interest. The definition encompasses correctional facilities, health institutions, retirement homes, orphanages, shelters (social welfare institutions), military or police establishments, boarding schools, and religious group dwellings. Non-institutional group quarters comprise refugee and workers' camps (temporary accommodation), hotels, pensions, and all types of boarding or lodging houses. The "floating population" is included as a category within the non-institutional group quarters, when identified by the corresponding sample. This group refers to outdoor sleepers, homeless persons, travelers, and persons in ships, boats, or other mobile dwellings. A more general classification of households between private and group quarters is available in GQ. IPUMS Number of unrelated persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9+ UNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE. IPUMS Continent and region of country 11 Eastern Africa 12 Middle Africa 13 Northern Africa 14 Southern Africa 15 Western Africa 21 Caribbean 22 Central America 23 North America 24 South America 31 Central Asia 32 Eastern Asia 33 Southern Asia 34 South-Eastern Asia 35 Western Asia 41 Eastern Europe 42 Northern Europe 43 Southern Europe 44 Western Europe 51 Australia and New Zealand 52 Melanesia 53 Micronesia 54 Polynesia REGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country. IPUMS 1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR. IPUMS 2nd subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time] GEOLEV2 indicates the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. Second administrative units in GEOLEV2 have been spatio-temporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country. GEOLEV2 is a 9-digit numeric variable. GEOLEV2 codes and labels can be found here. Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO2_BR. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Population density of GEOLEV2 unit, in persons per square kilometer POPDENSGEO2 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The second major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV2 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV2 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. POPDENSGEO2 is a 12-digit string variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS Area of GEOLEV2 unit in square kilometers AREAMOLLWGEO2 indicates the area in square kilometers of the second major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The second major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV2 variable. The area of units in GEOLEV2 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. AREAMOLLWGEO2 is a 10-digit string variable listing the area in square kilometers. IPUMS Panama, Province 1960 - 2010 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS] 591002 Coclé 591003 Colón, Comarca Kuna Yala (San Blas) 591004 Bocas de Toro, Chiriquí, Comarca Ngäbe Buglé, Veraguas 591005 Comarca Emberá, Darién 591006 Herrera 591007 Los Santos 591008 Panamá GEO1_PA identifies the household's province within Panama in all sample years. Provinces are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_PA is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_PA can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Panama can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Panama, District 1960 - 2010 [Level 2; consistent boundaries, GIS] 591002001 Natá, Penonomé 591002002 Antón 591002003 Aguadulce 591002004 La Pintada, Olá 591003001 Colón, Portobelo, Santa Isabel 591003002 Chagres, Donoso 591003003 Comarca Kuna Yala 591004001 Bocas del Toro, Changuinola, Kusapín, Santa Fé 591004002 David 591004003 Atalaya, Santiago 591004004 Bugaba 591004005 Barú, Renacimiento 591004006 Ñürüm, Cañazas, La Mesa, Las Palmas 591004007 Remedios, San Félix, Besiko, Nole Duima 591004008 Tolé, Müna 591004009 Río de Jesús, Soná, Mariato, Montijo 591004010 Chiriquí Grande, Kankintú 591004011 Gualaca, San Lorenzo, Besiko 591004012 Alanje, Boquerón 591004013 Dolega 591004014 Boquete 591004015 Calobre, San Francisco 591005001 Chepigana, Pinogana, Cémaco, Sambú 591006001 Chitré 591006002 Las Minas, Los Pozos, Ocú 591006003 Parita, Pesé, Santa María 591007001 Guararé, Las Tablas 591007002 Macaracas, Pedasí, Pocrí, Tonosí 591007003 Los Santos 591008001 Panamá, San Miguelito 591008002 Arraiján, Taboga 591008003 La Chorrera 591008004 Capira, San Carlos 591008005 Balboa, Chepo, Chimán 591008006 Chame GEO2_PA identifies the household's district within Panama in all sample years. Districts are the second level administrative units of the country, after provinces. GEO2_PA is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_PA can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Panama can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Panama, District 1990 [Level 2, GIS] 002001 Natá, Penonomé 002002 Antón 002003 Aguadulce 002004 La Pintada, Olá 003001 Chagres, Donoso 003002 Colón, Portobelo, Santa Isabel 003003 Comarca Kuna Yala 004001 Alanje, Boquerón 004002 Dolega 004003 Chiriquí Grande 004004 Gualaca, San Lorenzo 004005 Boquete 004006 Calobre, San Francisco 004007 Río de Jesús, Soná, Montijo 004008 Tolé 004009 Changuinola 004010 Bocas del Toro, Santa Fé 004011 Atalaya, Santiago 004012 David 004013 Barú, Renacimiento 004014 Bugaba 004015 Remedios, San Félix 004016 La Mesa, Las Palmas 004017 Cañazas 005001 Chepigana, Pinogana, Cémaco, Sambú 006001 Chitré 006002 Las Minas, Los Pozos, Ocú 006003 Parita, Pesé, Santa María 007001 Los Santos 007002 Macaracas, Pedasí, Pocrí, Tonosí 007003 Guararé, Las Tablas 008001 Arraiján, Taboga 008002 La Chorrera 008003 San Miguelito 008004 Panamá 008005 Chame 008006 Capira, San Carlos 008007 Balboa, Chepo, Chimán GEO2_ PA1990 identifies the household's districts within Panama in 1990. Districts are the second level administrative units of the country, after provinces. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO2_ PA1990 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site. The full set of geography variables for Panama can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owned 2 Not owned 9 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Ownership of dwelling [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Owned 110 Owned, already paid 120 Owned, still paying 130 Owned, constructed 140 Owned, inherited 190 Owned, other 191 Owned, house 192 Owned, condominium 193 Apartment proprietor 194 Shared ownership 200 Not owned 210 Renting, not specified 211 Renting, government 212 Renting, local authority 213 Renting, parastatal 214 Renting, private 215 Renting, private company 216 Renting, individual 217 Renting, collective 218 Renting, joint state and individual 219 Renting, public subsidized 220 Renting, private subsidized 221 Renting, co-tenant 222 Renting, relative of tenant 223 Renting, cooperative 224 Renting, with a job or business 225 Renting, loan-backed habitation 226 Renting, mixed contract 227 Furnished dwelling 228 Sharecropping 230 Subletting 231 Rent to own 239 Renting, other 240 Occupied de facto/squatting 250 Free/usufruct (no cash rent) 251 Free, provided by employer 252 Free, without work or services 253 Free, provided by family or friend 254 Free, private 255 Free, public 256 Free, condemned 257 Free, other 260 Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical) 290 Not owned, other 999 Unknown OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation. IPUMS Number of international migrants 00 No migrants 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 or more 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) INTMIG1 indicates the number of people from the household who traveled to another country to live and have not permanently returned. IPUMS Electricity NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown ELECTRIC indicates whether the household had access to electricity. IPUMS Water supply 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Yes, piped water 11 Piped inside dwelling 12 Piped, exclusively to this household 13 Piped, shared with other households 14 Piped outside the dwelling 15 Piped outside dwelling, in building 16 Piped within the building or plot of land 17 Piped outside the building or lot 18 Have access to public piped water 20 No piped water 99 Unknown WATSUP describes the physical means by which the housing unit receives its water. The primary distinction is whether or not the household had piped (running) water. IPUMS Sewage 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Connected to sewage system or septic tank 11 Sewage system (public sewage disposal) 12 Septic tank (private sewage disposal) 20 Not connected to sewage disposal system 99 Unknown SEWAGE indicates whether the household has access to a sewage system or septic tank. IPUMS Cooking fuel 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 None 20 Electricity 30 Petroleum gas, unspecified 31 Gas -- piped/utility 32 Gas -- tanked or bottled 33 Propane 34 Liquefied petroleum gas 35 Gas -- piped and bottled 40 Petroleum liquid 41 Oil, kerosene, and other liquid fuels 42 Kerosene/paraffin 43 Kerosene or oil 44 Kerosene or gasoline 45 Gasoline 46 Cocinol 47 Diesel 50 Wood, coal, and other solid fuels 51 Wood and other plant fuels 52 Non-wood plant materials 53 Coal or charcoal 54 Charcoal 55 Coal 56 Wood or charcoal 60 Multiple fuels 61 Bottled gas and wood 62 Propane and electricity 63 Propane, kerosene, and electricity 64 Propane and kerosene 65 Kerosene and electrictiy 66 Other combinations 70 Other 71 Alcohol 72 Biogas 73 Discarded or waste material 74 Dung/manure 75 Other combined organic waste materials 76 Solar energy 77 Candle 99 Unknown/missing FUELCOOK indicates the predominant type of fuel or energy used for cooking. IPUMS Telephone availability NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing PHONE indicates the availability of a telephone in the dwelling. IPUMS Air conditioning 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No air conditioning 20 Yes, air conditioning 21 1 unit or room 22 2 units or rooms 23 3 units or rooms 24 4 units or rooms 25 5 units or rooms 26 6 units or rooms 27 7 units or rooms 28 8 or more units or rooms 29 Central system 99 Unknown This variable indicates whether the household had air conditioning. IPUMS Clothes washing machine NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 3 Automatic or semi-automatic 4 Wringer or other non-automatic 9 Unknown/missing WASHER indicates whether the household had a clothes washing machine. IPUMS Refrigerator NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing REFRIG indicates whether the household had a refrigerator. IPUMS Television set 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 No 20 Yes, color or black-and-white not specified 21 1 television 22 2 televisions 23 3 televisions 24 4 televisions 25 5 televisions 26 6 televisions 27 7 televisions 28 8 televisions 29 9+ televisions 30 Yes, at least one color tv 31 1 color tv 32 2 color tvs 33 3+ televisions 40 Yes, black-and-white only 41 1 black-white tv 42 2 black-white tvs 43 3+ black-white tvs 99 Unknown/missing TV indicates whether the household had a television. IPUMS Radio in household NIU (not in universe) 1 No 2 Yes 9 Unknown/missing RADIO indicates whether the household had a radio. IPUMS Number of rooms 00 Part of a room; no rooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) ROOMS indicates the number of rooms occupied by the housing unit. IPUMS Number of bedrooms 00 No bedrooms 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) BEDROOMS indicates the number of rooms available to members of the household for sleeping. IPUMS Floor material 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 None/unfinished (earth) 110 Sand 120 Dung 200 Finished 201 Cement, tile, or brick 202 Cement 203 Concrete 204 Cement screed 205 Ceramic tile 206 Paving stone, cement tile 207 Stone 208 Brick 209 Brick or stone 210 Brick or cement 211 Block 212 Terrazzo 213 Wood 214 Palm, bamboo 215 Parquet 216 Parquet, tile, vinyl 217 Parquet, tile, marble 218 Ceramic, marble, granite 219 Ceramic, marble, tile, or vinyl 220 Marble 221 Mosaic 222 Tile 223 Tile, linoleum, ceramic, etc 224 Tile, cement 225 Tile, stone 226 Tile, stone, brick 227 Tile, stone, vinyl, brick 228 Tile, vinyl, brick 229 Tile, vinyl 230 Vinyl, linoleum, etc 231 Asphalt sheet, vinyl, etc 232 Synthetic, plastic 233 Cane 234 Carpet, rug 235 Scrap material 236 Other finished, n.e.c. 999 Unknown/missing FLOOR indicates the dwelling's predominant flooring material. IPUMS Wall or building material 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 No walls 200 Cardboard, scrap, and miscellaneous materials 201 Waste, scrap, or discarded material 202 Fabric or discarded material 203 Zinc, fabric, cardboard, tins, and waste material 204 Cardboard sheet 205 Plastic sheeting, cardboard 206 Makeshift, salvaged, or improvised materials 207 Reused materials 300 Wood 310 Rough wood 320 Wood, fibercement or plywood 330 Wood, formica, and other 340 Wood or bamboo 350 Wood or straw 400 Other plant-based materials 401 Plantain leaves and similar material 402 Bamboo or cane 403 Bamboo, sawali, cogon, nipa 404 Straw or bamboo 405 Grass, straw or reed 406 Reed, bamboo, or palm 407 Cane, palm leaves, logs 408 Palm leaves or palm planks 409 Bark, sticks, or cane 500 Masonry, stone, cement, adobe, metal, glass, and other fabricated materials (sometimes mixed with wood) 501 Brick, block, stone, or cement 502 Brick, stone, concrete 503 Brick, stone, or substitutes (dividing panels made of reinforced concrete) 504 Brick, stone, or substitutes (dividing panels made of wood) 505 Brick or tile 506 Brick or stone 507 Brick or cement block 508 Brick with plaster exterior 509 Brick without plaster exterior 510 Burnt or stabilized brick 511 Covered brick 512 Brick 513 Unburnt brick 514 Unburnt brick with cement 515 Unburnt brick with mud 516 Concrete 517 Landcrete, sandcrete 518 Cement blocks 519 Cement blocks or brick 520 Cement blocks or brick, unfinished 521 Cement and adobe bricks 522 Cement and stone block 523 Cement and tiles 524 Reinforced concrete, pre-cast concrete panels, or steel skeleton framed concrete 525 Concrete, reinforced concrete, blocks, panels 526 Fibercement 527 Adobe 528 Adobe walls with plaster exterior 529 Adobe walls without plaster exterior 530 Adobe with cement exterior 531 Wood and earth adobe 532 Wood and cement adobe 533 Mud or adobe 534 Pressed dirt 535 Clay 536 Coated clay/mud with sticks/cane 537 Clay or clay-covered sticks 538 Netted bamboo or cane with mud 539 Bundle of mud, straw, other materials 540 Mud with wood/wattle 541 Pole and mud 542 Mud with cement 543 Unfinished lathe and plaster, stucco, etc. 544 Stone 545 Hand-laid stone 546 Quarried stone 547 Cut stone and concrete 548 Cemented stone 549 Stone with clay 550 Blocks of light material 551 Prefabricated material 552 Asbestos 553 Metal or asbestos sheet 554 Metal or iron sheet 555 Metal or fibercement sheeting 556 Galvanized iron or aluminum 557 Tin 558 Glass 559 Cloth 560 Covintec panels 561 Mixed material 562 Mixed material: part wood; part concrete, brick, or stone 563 Wood plastered with clay, adobe, other materials; wood pressed panels; rolled mud bricks; etc. 564 Mixed material: wood or galvanized metal 570 Mainly permanent materials 600 Other material 601 Partition wall, lined with wood or steel 602 Partition wall, unlined 999 Unknown/missing This variable indicates the primary material used in the construction of the dwelling, particularly the dwelling's exterior walls. IPUMS Roof material 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Masonry, concrete, clay tile, or tiles of unspecified type 11 Concrete or cement 12 Reinforced concrete (slab) 13 Cement or sheet metal 14 Tile, unspecified material 15 Clay tile 16 Tile or cement 17 Modern tiles, industrial 18 Traditional tiles, locally made 19 Tile or flat stone 20 Tile, unspecified or mixed materials 21 Fibercement or plastic 22 Fibercement or metal sheets 23 Asphalt or laminate cover 24 Tile, cement, asphalt 25 Asphalt tile 26 Slate or tile 27 Slate or asbestos 28 Asbestos 29 Adobe 30 Tiles or wood planks 31 Roofing shingles 32 Tar paper 33 Metal 34 Sheet metal 35 Zinc or tin 36 Tin 37 Sheet metal or other sheet material 38 Sheet metal, tile, slate 40 Wood and other plant materials 41 Wood 42 Wood, including bamboo 43 Bamboo 44 Cogon, nipa, anahaw 45 Thatch (straw, grass, leaves, palm, etc.) 46 Cane, wood, straw 47 Grass or straw 48 Papyrus 49 Banana leaves or fiber 50 Palm or makuti 51 Straw, bamboo, polythene 52 Wood with clay 53 Grass and mud 54 Rustic mat 60 Mud or earth 61 Clay 70 Cardboard, scrap, and miscellaneous materials 71 Discarded or scrap material 72 Cardboard 73 Plastic, tarpaulin 80 Other, unspecified 90 No roof 99 Unknown/missing This variable indicates the dwelling's predominant roofing material. IPUMS Year structure was built 0000 NIU (not in universe) 1870 1870 or earlier 1871 1871 1872 1872 1873 1873 1874 1874 1875 1875 1876 1876 1877 1877 1878 1878 1879 1879 1880 1880 1881 1881 1882 1882 1883 1883 1884 1884 1885 1885 1886 1886 1887 1887 1888 1888 1889 1889 1890 1890 1891 1891 1892 1892 1893 1893 1894 1894 1895 1895 1896 1896 1897 1897 1898 1898 1899 1899 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 9998 Under construction 9999 Unknown BUILTYR indicates the year in which construction was completed on the building in which the household resides. IPUMS Age of structure, coded from intervals 000 Less than 1 year old 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200+ 997 Under construction 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) AGESTRUCT2 gives the estimated age of the structure. IPUMS Household classification 00 Vacant household 01 One-person household 02 Married/cohab couple, no children 03 Married/cohab couple with children 04 Single-parent family 05 Polygamous family 06 Extended family, relatives only 07 Composite household, family and non-relatives 08 Non-family household 09 Unclassified subfamily 10 Other relative or non-relative household 11 Group quarters 99 Unclassifiable HHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households. HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ. IPUMS Number of families in household Vacant household 1 1 family 2 2 families 3 3 families 4 4 families 5 5 families 6 6 families 7 7 families 8 8 families 9 9 or more families NFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family. NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail. IPUMS Number of married couples in household No married couples in household 1 1 couple 2 2 couples 3 3 couples 4 4 couples 5 5 couples 6 6 couples 7 7 couples 8 8 couples 9 9 or more couples NCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household. NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household). IPUMS Number of mothers in household No mothers in household 1 1 mother 2 2 mothers 3 3 mothers 4 4 mothers 5 5 mothers 6 6 mothers 7 7 mothers 8 8 mothers 9 9 or more mothers in household NMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household). IPUMS Number of fathers in household No fathers in household 1 1 father 2 2 fathers 3 3 fathers 4 4 fathers 5 5 fathers 6 6 fathers 7 7 fathers 8 8 fathers 9 9 or more fathers in household NFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household. NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household). IPUMS Head's location in household HEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households. HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Dwelling number Panama 1990: All households This variable indicates the dwelling number. This is a 6-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Dwelling created by splitting apart a large dwelling or household Panama 1990: All households No problem 1 Yes: households within a large dwelling were split apart into separate dwellings 2 Yes: persons within a large household were split apart into separate dwellings This variable indicates whether the dwelling is created by splitting apart a large dwelling or household. IPUMS Electric fan 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Electric fan?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has an electric fan. IPUMS Potable water source <svar a="all" v="PA90A038 PA90A082">8. Where is drinking water obtained from?<br /><div class="i1">Public IDAAN aqueduct</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Connected inside the dwelling<br />[] 04 Connected outside of the dwelling</div><br /><div class="i1">Community public aqueduct</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 02 Connected inside the dwelling<br />[] 05 Connected outside of the dwelling</div><br /><div class="i1">Private aqueduct</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 03 Connected inside the dwelling<br />[] 06 Connected outside the dwelling</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 07 Sanitary (treated) well<br />[] 08 Uncovered Spring (<span class="lang">brocal no protegido</span>)<br />[] 09 Rainwater<br />[] 10 Surface (superficial) well<br />[] 11 River or stream<br />[] 12 Tank truck</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 IDA inside 02 Public inside 03 Private inside 04 IDA outside 05 Public outside 06 Private outside 07 Sanitary well 08 Uncovered spring 09 Rainwater 10 Surface-well 11 River-stream 12 Tank truck This variable indicates the source of the potable water. IPUMS Air conditioner 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Air conditioner?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has an air conditioner. IPUMS Lighting <svar a="PA90A040" v="PA90A040 PA90A084">10. What type of lighting does the dwelling have?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Electricity from IRHE<br />[] 2 Electricity from private utility<br />[] 3 Kerosene<br />[] 4 Gas<br />[] 5 Other</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Electricity from IRHE 2 Electricity from privates utility 3 Kerosene 4 Gas 5 Other This variable indicates the source of lighting. IPUMS Year of departure for first member <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 80 1980 81 1981 82 1982 83 1983 84 1984 85 1985 86 1986 87 1987 88 1988 89 1989 90 1990 98 Unknown This variable indicates the year of departure for the first household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Year of departure for second member <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 80 1980 81 1981 82 1982 83 1983 84 1984 85 1985 86 1986 87 1987 88 1988 89 1989 90 1990 97 Household with 1 member away 98 Unknown This variable indicates the year of departure for the second household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Year of departure for third member <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 80 1980 81 1981 82 1982 83 1983 84 1984 85 1985 86 1986 87 1987 88 1988 89 1989 90 1990 97 Households with 1 or 2 members away 98 Unknown This variable indicates the year of departure for the third household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Year of departure for fourth member <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 80 1980 81 1981 82 1982 83 1983 84 1984 85 1985 86 1986 87 1987 88 1988 89 1989 90 1990 97 Households with 1 to 3 members away 98 Unknown This variable indicates the year of departure for the fourth household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Fuel for cooking <svar a="all" v="PA90A047 PA90A083">11. What fuel is most frequently used for cooking?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Gas<br />[] 2 Wood<br />[] 3 Charcoal<br />[] 4 Kerosene<br />[] 5 Electricity<br />[] 6 No cooking</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Gas 2 Wood 3 Charcoal 4 Kerosene 5 Electricity 6 No cooking This variable indicates the fuel mostly used for cooking. IPUMS Condition of the dwelling <svar a="all" v="PA90A048">2. Condition of the dwelling (occupancy)<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 With inhabitants present<br />[] 2 With inhabitants absent: Skip to the next dwelling<br />Unoccupied:</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 3 For sale or rent: Skip to the next dwelling<br />[] 4 Under repair or construction: Skip to the next dwelling<br />[] 5 Summer home: Skip to the next dwelling<br />[] 6 Other reason: Skip to the next dwelling</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Present occupancy 2 Absent occupancy 3 For sale or rent 4 Under repair or construction 5 Summer home 6 Other reason This variable indicates the occupancy status of the dwelling. IPUMS Year of the building of the dwelling <svar a="all" v="PA90A049">13. In what year was this dwelling built?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Before 1980<br />[] 2 Between 1980 and 1985<br />[] 3 Between 1986 and 1990<br />[] 4 Doesn't know</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Before 1980 2 Between 1980 and 1985 3 Between 1986 and 1990 4 Unknown This variable indicates the year the dwelling was built. IPUMS Number of rooms in the dwelling <svar a="all" v="PA90A050 PA90A051">4. How many rooms does this dwelling have?<br /><div class="i1">(Do not include kitchen, toilet and bath)<br /><br />_ _<br /><br />4a. Of these, how many are used only for sleeping? _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 This variable indicates the number of rooms in the dwelling. IPUMS Number of sleeping rooms in the dwelling <svar a="all" v="PA90A050 PA90A051">4. How many rooms does this dwelling have?<br /><div class="i1">(Do not include kitchen, toilet and bath)<br /><br />_ _<br /><br />4a. Of these, how many are used only for sleeping? _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7+ 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of bedrooms in the dwelling. IPUMS Age at departure of first member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 92 92 93 93 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age at departure for the first household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Age at departure of second member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 72 72 73 73 74 74 76 76 77 77 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 84 84 89 89 97 Have one household member away 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age at departure for the second household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Age at departure of third member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 52 52 53 53 55 55 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 68 68 70 70 71 71 72 72 84 84 88 88 97 Households with 1 or 2 members away 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age at departure for the third household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Age at departure of fourth member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 40 40 42 42 44 44 45 45 47 47 51 51 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 62 62 65 65 66 66 72 72 97 Households with 1 to 3 members away 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the age at departure for the fourth household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Household income <svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: type I 0.4%; type II none] This variable indicates the total household income. PA90A056 is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes99998 = Unknown 99999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Washing machine 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Washing machine?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [ discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has a washing machine. IPUMS Sewing machine 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Sewing machine?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households Not applicable 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has a sewing machine. IPUMS Monthly payment for mortgage or rent <svar a="all" v="PA90A059 PA90A077 PA90A081">3. Ownership of the dwelling. Is your dwelling<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Mortgaged?</div><br /><div class="i2">Monthly payment B/. _ _ _ _</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 2 Rented?</div><br /><div class="i2">Monthly payment B/. _ _ _ _</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 3 Owned?<br />[] 4 Ceded?<br />[] 5 Condemned?</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households that pay mortgage or rent [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the monthly payment for mortgage or rent. PA90A059 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99998 = Unknown 99999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Country of departure for first member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied present households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Canada 02 United States 03 Mexico 04 Others North America 05 Belize 06 Costa Rica 07 El Salvador 08 Gautemala 09 Honduras 10 Nicaragua 11 Argentina 12 Boliva 13 Brazil 14 Colombia 15 Chile 16 Ecuador 18 Paraguay 19 Peru 20 Suriname 21 Uruguay 22 Venezuela 23 Others South America 24 Antigua and Barbuda 25 Bahamas 26 Barbados 27 Cuba 28 Haiti 29 Jamaica 31 St. Kitts and Nevis 32 Dominican Republic 34 Puerto Rico 35 Dominica, Martinica, Curazao and Guadalupe 36 Others Caribbean 37 Bulgaria 38 Czechoslovakia 39 Hungary 40 Poland 41 Democratic German Republic 42 Rumania 43 USSR 44 Denmark 45 Finland 46 Iceland 48 Norway 49 Great Britain 50 Sweden 52 Spain 53 Greece 54 Italy 55 Portugal 56 Yugoslavia 57 Austria 58 Belgium 59 France 60 Luxemburg 61 Netherlands 62 Federal German Republic 63 Switzerland 65 Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique 67 Comore Is., Djibouti, Mauritius, Seychelles 69 Zaire, Cameroon, Central African Rep., Chad, Congo Rep. 72 Argelia, Marocco, Sudan, Tunisia, W. Samora, Jamahiriya, Libia 73 South Africa 77 Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau 78 Taiwan 79 China 80 Japan 81 S. Korea, N. Korea, Macao, Mongolia 82 Indonesia, Philipines, Birmania, Vietnam, Thailand 85 India 86 Pakistan 87 Afganistan 91 Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, Jordan, Irak, S. Yemen, Kuwait 93 Cyprus 94 Israel 95 Turkey 96 Australia, New Zealand 97 Fiji, Paoua, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Solomon Is., Vanuatu 99 Unknown This variable indicates the country of departure for the first household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Country of departure for second member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Canada 02 United States 03 Mexico 05 Belize 06 Costa Rica 07 El Salvador 08 Gautemala 09 Honduras 10 Nicaragua 11 Argentina 12 Boliva 13 Brazil 14 Colombia 15 Chile 16 Ecuador 18 Paraguay 19 Peru 21 Uruguay 22 Venezuela 27 Cuba 29 Jamaica 32 Dominican Republic 34 Puerto Rico 35 Dominica, Martinica, Curazao and Guadalupe 36 Others Caribbean 41 Democratic German Republic 43 USSR 47 Ireland 48 Norway 49 Great Britain 50 Sweden 52 Spain 53 Greece 54 Italy 55 Portugal 56 Yugoslavia 57 Austria 58 Belgium 59 France 60 Luxemburg 61 Netherlands 62 Federal German Republic 63 Switzerland 65 Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique 69 Zaire, Cameroon, Central African Rep., Chad, Congo Rep. 73 South Africa 77 Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau 78 Taiwan 79 China 80 Japan 81 S. Korea, N. Korea, Macao, Mongolia 82 Indonesia, Philipines, Birmania, Vietnam, Thailand 85 India 89 Nepal, Sri Lanka, Butan, Maldives 91 Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen, Jordan, Irak, S. Yemen, Kuwait 94 Israel 96 Australia, New Zealand 97 Guam, Kiribati, Mauru, Pacific Is., Tuvalu, Samoa, Others 98 One household member away 99 Unknown This variable indicates the country of departure for the second household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Country of departure for third member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Canada 02 United States 03 Mexico 05 Belize 06 Costa Rica 07 El Salvador 08 Gautemala 09 Honduras 10 Nicaragua 11 Argentina 13 Brazil 14 Colombia 15 Chile 16 Ecuador 18 Paraguay 19 Peru 22 Venezuela 27 Cuba 29 Jamaica 32 Dominican Republic 33 Trinidad And Tobago 34 Puerto Rico 35 Dominica, Martinica, Curazao and Guadalupe 36 Others Caribbean 38 Czechoslovakia 40 Poland 41 Democratic German Republic 43 USSR 48 Norway 49 Great Britain 50 Sweden 52 Spain 53 Greece 54 Italy 56 Yugoslavia 58 Belgium 59 France 61 Netherlands 62 Federal German Republic 63 Switzerland 78 Taiwan 79 China 80 Japan 82 Indonesia, Philipines, Birmania, Vietnam, Thailand 85 India 94 Israel 95 Turkey 96 Australia, New Zealand 97 Households with 1 or 2 members away 98 Unknown This variable indicates the country of departure for the third household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Country of departure for fourth member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 Canada 02 United States 03 Mexico 06 Costa Rica 07 El Salvador 08 Gautemala 09 Honduras 10 Nicaragua 11 Argentina 13 Brazil 14 Colombia 15 Chile 16 Ecuador 19 Peru 22 Venezuela 25 Bahamas 27 Cuba 34 Puerto Rico 43 USSR 49 Great Britain 50 Sweden 52 Spain 54 Italy 56 Yugoslavia 58 Belgium 62 Federal German Republic 63 Switzerland 78 Taiwan 82 Indonesia, Philipines, Birmania, Vietnam, Thailand 85 India 96 Australia, New Zealand 97 Households with 1 to 3 members away 98 Unknown This variable indicates the country of departure for the fourth household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Wall material <svar a="all" v="PA90A064 PA90A088 PA90A091 PA90A092">5. What is the predominant material in the outside walls of the building or house?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Cement block, brick, stone, concrete<br />[] 2 Fibro-cement, wood (planks, boards)<br />[] 3 Clay-covered plant fiber (<span class="lang">quincha</span>), adobe<br />[] 4 Straw, palm leaves, cane, sticks<br />[] 5 Other material or without walls</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Cement-brick 2 Fibro-cement - wood 3 Clay over reeds-adobe 4 Straw-palm-sticks 5 Other This variable indicates the predominantly used construction materials in the wall. IPUMS Floor material <svar a=" PA90A065 PA90A089" v="PA90A065 PA90A089 PA90A091 PA90A092">7. What is the predominant material in the floor of this dwelling?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Paving (concrete, tile, brick, other)<br />[] 2 Wood<br />[] 3 Earth<br />[] 4 Other (cane, sticks, waste materials, other)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Pavement 2 Wood 3 Earth 4 Other This variable indicates the main material used in the floor. IPUMS Radio 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Radio?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has a radio. IPUMS Refrigerator 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Refrigerator?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has a refrigerator. IPUMS Have a member who left the country during the last 10 years <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the household has a member who has permanently left the country during the last 10 years. IPUMS Sewer facilities <svar a="all" v="PA90A069 PA90A084">9. This dwelling has sewer facilities that are<br /><div class="i1">Pit or latrine?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Private use<br />[] 4 Shared use</div><br /><div class="i1">Connected to sewer system?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 2 Private use<br />[] 5 Shared use</div><br /><div class="i1">Connected to a septic tank?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 3 Private use<br />[] 6 Shared use</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 7 None</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Latrine private 2 Sewer private 3 Septic private 4 Latrine collective 5 Sewer collective 6 Septic collective 7 None This variable indicates whether the toilet and sewer facilities in the dwelling. IPUMS Sex of the first member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown This variable indicates the sex of the first household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Sex of the second member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Male 2 Female 7 One household member away 9 Unknown This variable indicates the sex of the second household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Sex of the third member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Male 2 Female 7 Households with 1 or 2 members away 9 Unknown This variable indicates the sex of the third household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Sex of the fourth member who left Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A041 PA90A042 PA90A043 PA90A044 PA90A052 PA90A053 PA90A054 PA90A055 PA90A060 PA90A061 PA90A062 PA90A063 PA90A068 PA90A070 PA90A071 PA90A072 PA90A073">14. Has any member of this household left to live permanently in another country during the last 10 years?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[If "yes", fill the following table for up to four individuals]<br />1. Name of the person ________<br />2. Left in what year? ____ _ _<br />3. Went to which country? ____ _ _ _<br />4. Age at time of departure? _ _<br />5. Sex (male or female) _ _<br /><br />[] 2 No (continue with section III, List of Inhabitants)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households who have at least one member in another country [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Male 2 Female 7 Households with 1 to 3 members away 9 Unknown This variable indicates the sex of the fourth household member who has permanently left for another country in the last 10 years. IPUMS Roof material <svar a="PA90A074 PA90A090" v="PA90A074 PA90A090 PA90A091 PA90A092">6. What is the predominant material in the roof of the building or house?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Concrete<br />[] 2 Tile<br />[] 3 Fibro-cement<br />[] 4 Metal (zinc, aluminum, etc.)<br />[] 5 Treated [coated] wood<br />[] 6 Straw or palm<br />[] 7 Other</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Concrete 2 Tile 3 Fibro-cement 4 Metal 5 Treated (coated) wood 6 Straw-palm leaves 7 Other This variable indicates the construction materials used in the roof. IPUMS Telephone 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Telephone?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has a telephone. IPUMS Television 12. In this dwelling is there a</p> <div class="i1">Television?</div><div class="i2">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No This variable indicates whether the dwelling has a television. IPUMS Tenure of the dwelling <svar a="all" v="PA90A059 PA90A077 PA90A081">3. Ownership of the dwelling. Is your dwelling<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Mortgaged?</div><br /><div class="i2">Monthly payment B/. _ _ _ _</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 2 Rented?</div><br /><div class="i2">Monthly payment B/. _ _ _ _</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 3 Owned?<br />[] 4 Ceded?<br />[] 5 Condemned?</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Mortgaged 2 Rented 3 Owned 4 Ceded 5 Condemned This variable indicates the tenure status of the dwelling IPUMS Type of dwelling <svar a="all" v="PA90A078 PA90A080">1. Type of dwelling<br /><div class="i1">[] 01 Private permanent<br />[] 02 Private semi-permanent<br />[] 03 Improvised<br />[] 04 Apartment<br />[] 05 Room in a tenement (<span class="lang">casa de vecindad</span>)<br />[] 06 Place not intended for habitation but used as a dwelling<br />[] 07 Without dwelling<br />[] 08 Collective (group quarters)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All households 01 Private permanent 02 Semi-permanent 03 Improvised 04 Apartment 05 Room in a tenement 06 Place not intended for housing 07 Homeless 08 Collective: shelters 09 Collective: ships 10 Collective: prison-barracks 11 Collective: convents-others 12 Collective: dormitories-barracks 13 Collective: hospitals-clinics 14 Collective: hotels-inns 15 Collective: boarding schools 16 Collective: reformatories 17 Private household (within collective) 18 Collective: others 19 Collective: sublet 20 Aggrieved housheold (within shelters) This variable indicates the type of dwelling. IPUMS Type of dwelling (recoded) <svar a="all" v="PA90A078 PA90A080">1. Type of dwelling<br /><div class="i1">[] 01 Private permanent<br />[] 02 Private semi-permanent<br />[] 03 Improvised<br />[] 04 Apartment<br />[] 05 Room in a tenement (<span class="lang">casa de vecindad</span>)<br />[] 06 Place not intended for habitation but used as a dwelling<br />[] 07 Without dwelling<br />[] 08 Collective (group quarters)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All households 1 Permanent house or apartment 2 Semi-permanent house 3 Improvised 4 Room in tenement 5 Place not intended for housing 6 Collective dwelling 7 Homeless This variable indicates the recoded type of dwelling. IPUMS Tenure of the dwelling (recoded) <svar a="all" v="PA90A059 PA90A077 PA90A081">3. Ownership of the dwelling. Is your dwelling<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Mortgaged?</div><br /><div class="i2">Monthly payment B/. _ _ _ _</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 2 Rented?</div><br /><div class="i2">Monthly payment B/. _ _ _ _</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 3 Owned?<br />[] 4 Ceded?<br />[] 5 Condemned?</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 1 Owned 2 Rented 3 Ceded 4 Condemned 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded tenure status of the dwelling. IPUMS Water source and system (recoded) <svar a="all" v="PA90A038 PA90A082">8. Where is drinking water obtained from?<br /><div class="i1">Public IDAAN aqueduct</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Connected inside the dwelling<br />[] 04 Connected outside of the dwelling</div><br /><div class="i1">Community public aqueduct</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 02 Connected inside the dwelling<br />[] 05 Connected outside of the dwelling</div><br /><div class="i1">Private aqueduct</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 03 Connected inside the dwelling<br />[] 06 Connected outside the dwelling</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 07 Sanitary (treated) well<br />[] 08 Uncovered Spring (<span class="lang">brocal no protegido</span>)<br />[] 09 Rainwater<br />[] 10 Surface (superficial) well<br />[] 11 River or stream<br />[] 12 Tank truck</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 1 Piped faucet in dwelling 2 Piped faucet outside dwelling 3 Sanitary well 4 Tank truck 5 Other source 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded water source and system for the dwelling. IPUMS Fuel for cooking (recoded) <svar a="all" v="PA90A047 PA90A083">11. What fuel is most frequently used for cooking?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Gas<br />[] 2 Wood<br />[] 3 Charcoal<br />[] 4 Kerosene<br />[] 5 Electricity<br />[] 6 No cooking</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 1 Gas or electricity 2 Kerosene 3 Wood or coal 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded fuel used for cooking. IPUMS Electricity and sewage <svar a="all" v="PA90A069 PA90A084">9. This dwelling has sewer facilities that are<br /><div class="i1">Pit or latrine?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 1 Private use<br />[] 4 Shared use</div><br /><div class="i1">Connected to sewer system?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 2 Private use<br />[] 5 Shared use</div><br /><div class="i1">Connected to a septic tank?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 3 Private use<br />[] 6 Shared use</div><br /><div class="i1">[] 7 None</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="PA90A040" v="PA90A040 PA90A084">10. What type of lighting does the dwelling have?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Electricity from IRHE<br />[] 2 Electricity from private utility<br />[] 3 Kerosene<br />[] 4 Gas<br />[] 5 Other</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 1 Electricity and sewer 2 Electricity and latrine 3 Electricity without waste facilities 4 Without electricity, but with sewer 5 Without electricity, but with latrine 6 Without both electricity and waste facilities 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the dwelling has electricity and sewage. IPUMS Number of individuals within dwelling Panama 1990: Collective dwellings and private occupied households [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 59 59 60 60 61 61 63 63 64 64 66 66 69 69 71 71 72 72 73 73 76 76 77 77 78 78 81 81 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 92 92 93 93 94 94 98 98 99 Unknown This variable indicates the number of persons in the dwelling. IPUMS Number of individuals the person lives with Panama 1990: Collective dwellings and private occupied households [discrepancies: none] Lives alone 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of individuals the person is living with. IPUMS Strata Panama 1990: All households This variable is the strata identifier for the sample. Strata is a constructed variable that captures implicit geographic stratification resulting from the sample design. It is created by assigning a unique identifier to groups of between 10 and 19 adjacent households. Additional documentation is available on the Variance Estimation page. This is a 4-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Person number PERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database. PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable. IPUMS Person weight PERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample. For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population. NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description. IPUMS Mother's location in household MOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers. The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero. MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's mother IPUMS Father's location in household POPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers. The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE. The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero. POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's father IPUMS Spouse's location in household SPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses. The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE. The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable. Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household. 1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouse IPUMS Rule for linking parent 00 No parent of person in household 11 Link to head or spouse, unambiguous 12 Link to head or spouse, ambiguous 21 Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap 22 Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap 23 Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap 31 Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 32 Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 33 Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap 41 Other Relatives, within empirical child cap 42 Other Relatives, within constructed child cap 51 Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap 52 Non-Relatives, within constructed child cap PARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father. IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Rule for linking spouse 00 No spouse present 01 Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent 02 Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 03 Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent 04 Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent 05 Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings 06 Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child) SPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse. IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances. The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology. IPUMS Probable stepmother Biological mother or no mother present 1 Mother has no children born or surviving 2 Child reports mother is deceased 3 Explicitly identified step relationship 4 Mother reports no children in the home 5 Age difference implausible 6 Child exceeds known fertility of mother STEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPMOM are as follows: 0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household. 1 = Mother has no children born or surviving. 2 = Child reports mother is deceased. 3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law). 4 = Mother reports no children in the home. 5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. 6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Probable stepfather Biological father or no father present 1 Child reports father is deceased 2 Explicitly identified step relationship 3 Age difference implausible 4 Spouse of mother 5 Identified as adopted 6 Surname difference -- male child or never-married female STEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household. The codes for STEPPOP are as follows: 0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household. 1 = Child reports father is deceased. 2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law). 3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years. In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process. Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population. IPUMS Man with more than one wife linked No more than one wife linked via SPLOC 1 More than one wife linked via SPLOC POLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Woman is second or higher order wife Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC 1 Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC POLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated. The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record. IPUMS Family unit membership FAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs. All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable. CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on. IPUMS Number of own family members in household 0001 1 family member present 0002 2 family members present 0003 3 family members present 0004 4 0005 5 0006 6 0007 7 0008 8 0009 9 0010 10 0011 11 0012 12 0013 13 0014 14 0015 15 0016 16 0017 17 0018 18 0019 19 0020 20 0021 21 0022 22 0023 23 0024 24 0025 25 0026 26 0027 27 0028 28 0029 29 0030 30 0031 31 0032 32 0033 33 0034 34 0035 35 0036 36 0037 37 0038 38 0039 39 0040 40 0041 41 0042 42 0043 43 0044 44 0045 45 0046 46 0047 47 0048 48 0049 49 0050 50 0051 51 0052 52 0053 53 0054 54 0055 55 0056 56 0057 57 0058 58 0059 59 0060 60 0061 61 0062 62 0063 63 0064 64 0065 65 0066 66 0067 67 0068 68 0069 69 0070 70 0071 71 0072 72 0073 73 0074 74 0075 75 0076 76 0077 77 0078 78 0079 79 0080 80 0081 81 0082 82 0083 83 0084 84 0085 85 0086 86 0087 87 0088 88 0089 89 0090 90 0091 91 0092 92 0093 93 0094 94 0095 95 0096 96 0097 97 0098 98 0099 99 or more persons FAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them. FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). IPUMS Number of own children in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more children in household NCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Number of own children under age 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 or more own children under age 5 in household 98 One or more children have unknown age NCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. IPUMS Age of eldest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household ELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Age of youngest own child in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 or older 98 One or more children have unknown age 99 No own child in household YNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household. YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older. IPUMS Relationship to household head [general version] 1 Head 2 Spouse/partner 3 Child 4 Other relative 5 Non-relative 6 Other relative or non-relative 9 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Relationship to household head [detailed version] 1000 Head 2000 Spouse/partner 2100 Spouse 2200 Unmarried partner 2210 Civil union 2300 Same-sex spouse/partner 3000 Child 3100 Biological child 3200 Adopted child 3300 Stepchild 3400 Child/child-in-law 3500 Child/child-in-law/grandchild 3600 Child of unmarried partner 4000 Other relative 4100 Grandchild 4110 Grandchild or great grandchild 4120 Great grandchild 4130 Great-great grandchild 4200 Parent/parent-in-law 4210 Parent 4211 Stepparent 4220 Parent-in-law 4300 Child-in-law 4301 Daughter-in-law 4302 Spouse/partner of child 4310 Unmarried partner of child 4400 Sibling/sibling-in-law 4410 Sibling 4420 Stepsibling 4430 Sibling-in-law 4431 Sibling of spouse/partner 4432 Spouse/partner of sibling 4500 Grandparent 4510 Great grandparent 4600 Parent/grandparent/ascendant 4700 Aunt/uncle 4800 Other specified relative 4810 Nephew/niece 4820 Cousin 4830 Sibling's sibling-in-law 4900 Other relative, not elsewhere classified 4910 Other relative with same family name 4920 Other relative with different family name 4930 Other relative, not specified (secondary family) 5000 Non-relative 5100 Friend/guest/visitor/partner 5110 Partner/friend 5111 Friend 5112 Partner/roommate 5113 Housemate/roommate 5120 Visitor 5130 Ex-spouse 5140 Godparent 5150 Godchild 5200 Employee 5210 Domestic employee 5220 Relative of employee, n.s. 5221 Spouse of servant 5222 Child of servant 5223 Other relative of servant 5300 Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child 5310 Boarder 5311 Boarder or guest 5320 Lodger 5330 Foster child 5340 Tutored/foster child 5350 Tutored child 5400 Employee, boarder, or guest 5500 Other specified non-relative 5510 Agregado 5520 Temporary resident, guest 5600 Group quarters 5610 Group quarters, non-inmates 5620 Institutional inmates 5900 Non-relative, n.e.c. 6000 Other relative or non-relative 9999 Unknown RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person). IPUMS Age 000 Less than 1 year 001 1 year 002 2 years 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100+ 999 Not reported/missing AGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration. IPUMS Age, grouped into intervals 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 0 to 5 06 6 to 10 07 10 to 15 08 11 to 14 09 15 to 17 10 16 to 19 11 18 to 24 12 20 to 24 13 25 to 29 14 30 to 34 15 35 to 39 16 40 to 44 17 45 to 49 18 50 to 54 19 55 to 59 20 60 to 64 21 65 to 69 22 70 to 74 23 75 to 79 24 80 to 84 25 85+ 98 Unknown AGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals. IPUMS Sex 1 Male 2 Female 9 Unknown SEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent. IPUMS Marital status [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Single/never married 2 Married/in union 3 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 4 Widowed 9 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Marital status [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Single/never married 110 Engaged 111 Never married and never cohabited 200 Married or consensual union 210 Married, formally 211 Married, civil 212 Married, religious 213 Married, civil and religious 214 Married, civil or religious 215 Married, traditional/customary 216 Married, monogamous 217 Married, polygamous 219 Married, spouse absent (historical samples) 220 Consensual union 300 Separated/divorced/spouse absent 310 Separated or divorced 320 Separated or annulled 330 Separated 331 Separated legally 332 Separated de facto 333 Separated from marriage 334 Separated from consensual union 335 Separated from consensual union or marriage 340 Annulled 350 Divorced 400 Widowed 410 Widowed or divorced 411 Widowed from consensual union or marriage 412 Widowed from marriage 413 Widowed from consensual union 420 Widowed, divorced, or separated 999 Unknown/missing MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions. Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples. IPUMS Consensual union 1 Yes, in consensual union 2 No, married 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CONSENS indicates whether the respondent was in a consensual union -- a de facto marriage. IPUMS Children ever born 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living. IPUMS Children surviving 00 No children 01 1 child 02 2 children 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) CHSURV reports the number of children born to a woman who were still living at the time of the census. IPUMS Number of births last year None 1 1 (1 or more) 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSLYR indicates whether any -- and in most cases how many -- children were born to a woman in the past twelve months. IPUMS Mortality status of mother 1 Alive 2 Dead 7 Does not know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MORTMOT indicates whether the person's biological mother was still living at the time of the census. IPUMS Nativity status NIU (not in universe) 1 Native-born 2 Foreign-born 9 Unknown/missing NATIVITY indicates whether the person was native-born or foreign-born. IPUMS Member of an indigenous group NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown INDIG indicates whether the person belonged to an indigenous group. IPUMS Ethnicity (indigenous group) for Panama 01 Kuna 02 Ngäbe 03 Buglé 04 Teribe/Naso 05 Bokota 06 Emberá 07 Wounaan 08 Bri Bri 09 Other indigenous group 10 Not indigenous 99 Unknown ETHNICPA indicates the Panamanian indigenous group, if any, to which the person belonged. IPUMS School attendance NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No, not specified 3 No, attended in the past 4 No, never attended 9 Unknown/missing SCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census. IPUMS Literacy NIU (not in universe) 1 No, illiterate 2 Yes, literate 9 Unknown/missing LIT indicates whether or not the respondent could read and write in any language. A person is typically considered literate if he or she can both read and write. All other persons are illiterate, including those who can either read or write but cannot do both. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Less than primary completed 2 Primary completed 3 Secondary completed 4 University completed 9 Unknown EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Educational attainment, international recode [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Less than primary completed (n.s.) 110 No schooling 120 Some primary completed 130 Primary (4 yrs) completed 211 Primary (5 yrs) completed 212 Primary (6 yrs) completed 221 Lower secondary general completed 222 Lower secondary technical completed 311 Secondary, general track completed 312 Some college completed 320 Secondary or post-secondary technical completed 321 Secondary, technical track completed 322 Post-secondary technical education 400 University completed 999 Unknown/missing EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary. EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish. Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN. IPUMS Years of schooling 00 None or pre-school 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years or more 90 Not specified 91 Some primary 92 Some technical after primary 93 Some secondary 94 Some tertiary 95 Adult literacy 96 Special education 98 Unknown/missing 99 NIU (not in universe) YRSCHOOL indicates the highest grade/level of schooling the person had completed, in years. Only formal schooling is counted. YRSCHOOL accounts for the number of years of study, regardless of the track or kind of study. Information on degree and/or technical track is available in EDATTAIN. Years of schooling for Israel, categorized into intervals, are given in YRSCHOOL2. Users should pay close attention to the top-codes in each sample, as discussed in the comparability section. IPUMS Educational attainment, Panama 00 Less than primary 01 No schooling 02 Special education 03 Preschool 10 Primary 11 Primary, grade 1 12 Primary, grade 2 13 Primary, grade 3 14 Primary, grade 4 15 Primary, grade 5 16 Primary, grade 6 19 Primary, grade unknown 20 Secondary 21 Secondary, grade 1 22 Secondary, grade 2 23 Secondary, grade 3 24 Secondary, grade 4 25 Secondary, grade 5 26 Secondary, grade 6 29 Secondary, grade unknown 30 Post-secondary, non-university 31 Post-secondary non-university, year 1 32 Post-secondary non-university, year 2 33 Post-secondary non-university, year 3 39 Post-secondary non-university, year unknown 40 Vocational 41 Vocational, year 1 42 Vocational, year 2 43 Vocational, year 3 49 Vocational, year unknown 50 University 51 University, 1 year 52 University, 2 years 53 University, 3 years 54 University, 4 years 55 University, 5 years 56 University, 6 years 57 University, 7 years 58 University, 8+ years 59 University, year unknown 60 Post-graduate 70 Master's degree 71 Masters, 1 year 72 Masters, 2 years 73 Masters, year unknown 80 Doctorate 81 Year 1 or 2 82 Doctorate, 1 year 83 Doctorate, 2 years 84 Doctorate, 3 years 85 Doctorate, 4 years 86 Doctorate, year unknown 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) EDUCPA indicates the person's educational attainment in Panama in terms of the level of schooling completed and the number of years completed at that level. IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Employed 2 Unemployed 3 Inactive 9 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Activity status (employment status) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Employed, not specified 110 At work 111 At work, and 'student' 112 At work, and 'housework' 113 At work, and 'seeking work' 114 At work, and 'retired' 115 At work, and 'no work' 116 At work, and other situation 117 At work, family holding, not specified 118 At work, family holding, not agricultural 119 At work, family holding, agricultural 120 Have job, not at work in reference period 130 Armed forces 131 Armed forces, at work 132 Armed forces, not at work in reference period 133 Military trainee 140 Marginally employed 200 Unemployed, not specified 201 Unemployed 6 or more months 202 Worked fewer than 6 months, permanent job 203 Worked fewer than 6 months, temporary job 210 Unemployed, experienced worker 220 Unemployed, new worker 230 No work available 240 Inactive unemployed 300 Inactive (not in labor force) 310 Housework 320 Unable to work, disabled or health reasons 321 Permanent disability 322 Temporary illness 323 Disabled or imprisoned 330 In school 340 Retirees and living on rent 341 Living on rents 342 Living on rents or pension 343 Retirees/pensioners 344 Retired 345 Pensioner 346 Non-retirement pension 347 Disability pension 348 Retired without benefits 350 Elderly 351 Elderly or disabled 360 Institutionalized 361 Prisoner 370 Intermittent worker 371 Not working, seasonal worker 372 Not working, occasional worker 380 Other income recipient 390 Inactive, other reasons 391 Too young to work 392 Dependent 999 Unknown/missing EMPSTAT indicates whether or not the respondent was part of the labor force -- working or seeking work -- over a specified period of time. Depending on the sample, EMPSTAT can also convey further information. The first digit of EMPSTAT is fully comparable, and classifies the population into three groups: employed, unemployed, and inactive. The combination of employed and unemployed yields the total labor force. The second and third digits of EMPSTAT preserve additional information available for some countries and census years but not for others. Employment status is sometimes referred to in other sources as "activity status". IPUMS Labor force participation 1 No, not in the labor force 2 Yes, in the labor force 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) LABFORCE is a dichotomous variable identifying whether a person participated in the labor force. Labor force participation generally means working or seeking work within a specified reference period. For most samples LABFORCE is a recode of EMPSTAT (employment status). A consistent lower age universe of 15 or older has been applied to increase comparability across samples. Full detail is retained in EMPSTAT, which should be used for any study of child labor. IPUMS Occupation, ISCO general 01 Legislators, senior officials and managers 02 Professionals 03 Technicians and associate professionals 04 Clerks 05 Service workers and shop and market sales 06 Skilled agricultural and fishery workers 07 Crafts and related trades workers 08 Plant and machine operators and assemblers 09 Elementary occupations 10 Armed forces 11 Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c. 97 Response suppressed 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) OCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money. IPUMS Occupation, unrecoded OCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census. To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses. OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Belarus 1999 - Russian Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1985 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 1976 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981-1991 Canada 2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 Colombia 1973 - Spanish Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d'Ivoire 1988 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Denmark 1845 Denmark 1880 Denmark 1885 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1974 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971-1991 - Greek Greece 2001 - Greek Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 1996 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 1988 Honduras 2001 Hungary 1970-1990 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983-2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2005 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1901 Ireland 1911 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kenya 1989 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Laos 1995 Lesotho 1996 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico Surveys 2005-2020 Mongolia 2000 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970 - Spanish Panama 1980 - Spanish Panama 1990 - Spanish Panama 2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 1990 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 1988 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991 - Portuguese Portugal 2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970 Puerto Rico 1980 Puerto Rico 1990 Puerto Rico 2000-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2002 Senegal 2013 Slovak Republic 1991 Slovak Republic 2001 Slovak Republic 2011 Sierra Leone 2004 Sierra Leone 2015 Slovenia 2002 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001 South Africa 2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970 Switzerland 1980 Switzerland 1990 Switzerland 2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 1988 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1960 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 1991 Uganda 2002 Uganda 2014 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1975 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 Zimbabwe 2012 IPUMS Industry, general recode 000 NIU (not in universe) 010 Agriculture, fishing, and forestry 020 Mining and extraction 030 Manufacturing 040 Electricity, gas, water and waste management 050 Construction 060 Wholesale and retail trade 070 Hotels and restaurants 080 Transportation, storage, and communications 090 Financial services and insurance 100 Public administration and defense 110 Services, not specified 111 Business services and real estate 112 Education 113 Health and social work 114 Other services 120 Private household services 130 Other industry, n.e.c. 998 Response suppressed 999 Unknown INDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples. "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked. IPUMS Industry, unrecoded "Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International. IND is a 5-digit numeric variable. Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes. CodesArgentina 1970 - Spanish Argentina 1980 - Spanish Argentina 1991 - Spanish Argentina 2001 - Spanish Armenia 2001 Armenia 2011 Austria 1971-2001 - German Austria 2011 Bangladesh 1991 Bangladesh 2001 Bangladesh 2011 Belarus 2009 Benin 1979 Benin 1992 Benin 2002 Benin 2013 Bolivia 1976 Bolivia 1992 Bolivia 2001 Bolivia 2012 Botswana 1981 Botswana 1991 Botswana 2001 Botswana 2011 Brazil 1960 - Portuguese Brazil 1970 - Portuguese Brazil 1980 - Portuguese Brazil 1991 - Portuguese Brazil 2000 - Portuguese Brazil 2010 Burkina Faso 1996 Cambodia 1998 Cambodia 2004 Cambodia 2008 Cambodia 2013 Cambodia 2019 Cameroon 2005 Canada 1971 Canada 1981 Canada 1991-2001 Canada 2011 Chile 1960 Chile 1970 Chile 1982 Chile 1992 Chile 2002 Chile 2017 China 1982 China 1990 China 2000 Colombia 1964 - Spanish Colombia 1973 - Spanish Colombia 1993 - Spanish Colombia 2005 - Spanish Costa Rica 1963 Costa Rica 1973 Costa Rica 1984 Costa Rica 2000 Costa Rica 2011 Cote d’Ivoire 1988 Cote d’Ivoire 1998 Cuba 2002 Cuba 2012 Dominican Republic 1960 Dominican Republic 1970 Dominican Republic 1981 Dominican Republic 2002 Dominican Republic 2010 Ecuador 1962 Ecuador 1982 Ecuador 1990 Ecuador 2001 Ecuador 2010 Egypt 1986 Egypt 1996 Egypt 2006 El Salvador 1992 El Salvador 2007 Ethiopia 1984 Ethiopia 1994 Fiji 1966 Fiji 1976 Fiji 1986 Fiji 1996 Fiji 2007 Fiji 2014 Finland 2010 France 1962-1968 - French France 1975-1982 - French France 1990 - French France 1999 France 2006 France 2011 Germany 1970 Germany 1971 Germany 1981 Germany 1987 Ghana 1984 Ghana 2000 Ghana 2010 Greece 1971 Greece 1981 Greece 1991-2001 Greece 2011 Guatemala 1964 Guatemala 1973 Guatemala 1981 Guatemala 1994 Guatemala 2002 Guinea 1983 Guinea 2014 Haiti 1971 Haiti 1982 Haiti 2003 Honduras 1961 Honduras 1974 Honduras 2001 Hungary 2001 Hungary 2011 India 1983 India 1987 India 1993 India 1999 India 2004 India 2009 Indonesia 1971 Indonesia 1976 Indonesia 1980 Indonesia 1985 Indonesia 1990 Indonesia 1995 Indonesia 2000 Indonesia 2005 Indonesia 2010 Iran 2006 Iran 2011 Iraq 1997 Ireland 1971 Ireland 1981 Ireland 1986 Ireland 1991 Ireland 1996 Ireland 2002 Ireland 2006 Ireland 2011 Ireland 2016 Israel 1972 Israel 1983 Israel 1995 Israel 2008 Italy 2001 Italy 2011 Italy Surveys 2011-2013 Italy Surveys 2014-2020 Jamaica 1982 Jamaica 1991 Jamaica 2001 Jordan 2004 Kyrgyz Republic 1999 Kyrgyz Republic 2009 Laos 1995 Laos 2005 Laos 2015 Lesotho 2006 Liberia 1974 Liberia 2008 Malawi 1987 Malawi 1998 Malawi 2008 Malaysia 1970 Malaysia 1980-1991 Malaysia 2000 Mali 1987 Mali 1998 Mali 2009 Mauritius 1990 Mauritius 2000 Mauritius 2011 Mexico 1960 - Spanish Mexico 1970 - Spanish Mexico 1990 - Spanish Mexico 1995 - Spanish Mexico 2000 - Spanish Mexico 2010 Mexico 2015 Mexico 2020 Mexico surveys 2005-2019 Morocco 1982 Morocco 1994 Morocco 2004 Morocco 2014 Mozambique 1997 Mozambique 2007 Myanmar 2014 Nepal 2001 Nepal 2011 Netherlands 1960 Netherlands 1971 Netherlands 2001 Netherlands 2011 Nicaragua 1971 Nicaragua 1995 Nicaragua 2005 Nigeria 2006 Nigeria 2007 Nigeria 2008 Nigeria 2009 Nigeria 2010 Pakistan 1973 Palestine 1997 Palestine 2007 Palestine 2017 Panama 1960 - Spanish Panama 1970-1980 - Spanish Panama 1990-2000 - Spanish Panama 2010 Papua New Guinea 1980 Papua New Guinea 2000 Paraguay 1962 Paraguay 1972 Paraguay 1982 Paraguay 1992 Paraguay 2002 Peru 1993 Peru 2007 Peru 2017 Philippines 1990 Philippines 1995 Philippines 2000 Philippines 2010 Poland 1978 Poland 2002 Portugal 1981 - Portuguese Portugal 1991-2001 - Portuguese Portugal 2011 Puerto Rico 1970-2005 Puerto Rico 2010 Puerto Rico 2015 Puerto Rico 2020 Romania 1977 Romania 1992 Romania 2002 Romania 2011 Rwanda 2002 - French Rwanda 2012 Saint Lucia 1991 Senegal 1988 Senegal 2013 Sierra Leone 2004 South Africa 1996 South Africa 2001-2007 South Sudan 2008 Spain 1981 - Spanish Spain 1991 - Spanish Spain 2001 - Spanish Spain 2011 Spain Surveys 2005-2020 Sudan 2008 Suriname 2004 Suriname 2012 Switzerland 1970-2000 Switzerland 2011 Tanzania 2002 Tanzania 2012 Thailand 1970 Thailand 1980 Thailand 1990 Thailand 2000 Togo 1970 Togo 2010 Trinidad and Tobago 1980 Trinidad and Tobago 1990 Trinidad and Tobago 2000 Turkey 1985 Turkey 1990 Turkey 2000 Uganda 2002 United Kingdom 1961 United Kingdom 1971 United Kingdom 1991 United Kingdom 2001 United States 1960 United States 1970 United States 1980 United States 1990 United States 2000-2005 United States 2010 United States 2015 United States 2020 Uruguay 1963 Uruguay 1985 Uruguay 1996 Uruguay 2006 Venezuela 1981 Venezuela 1990 Venezuela 2001 - Spanish Vietnam 1989 Vietnam 1999 Vietnam 2009 Vietnam 2019 Zambia 1990 Zambia 2000 Zambia 2010 IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [general version] NIU (not in universe) 1 Self-employed 2 Wage/salary worker 3 Unpaid worker 4 Other 9 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Status in employment (class of worker) [detailed version] 000 NIU (not in universe) 100 Self-employed 101 Self-employed, unincorporated 102 Self-employed, incorporated 110 Employer 111 Sharecropper, employer 120 Working on own account 121 Own account, agriculture 122 Domestic worker, self-employed 123 Subsistence worker, own consumption 124 Own account, other 125 Own account, without temporary/unpaid help 126 Own account, with temporary/unpaid help 130 Member of cooperative 140 Sharecropper 141 Sharecropper, self-employed 142 Sharecropper, employee 150 Kibbutz member 199 Self-employed, not specified 200 Wage/salary worker 201 Management 202 Non-management 203 White collar (non-manual) 204 Blue collar (manual) 205 White or blue collar 206 Day laborer 207 Employee, with a permanent job 208 Employee, occasional, temporary, contract 209 Employee without legal contract 210 Wage/salary worker, private employer 211 Apprentice 212 Religious worker 213 Wage/salary worker, non-profit, NGO 214 White collar, private 215 Blue collar, private 216 Paid family worker 217 Cooperative employee 220 Wage/salary worker, government 221 Federal, government employee 222 State government employee 223 Local government employee 224 White collar, public 225 Blue collar, public 226 Public companies 227 Civil servants, local collectives 230 Domestic worker (work for private household) 240 Seasonal migrant 241 Seasonal migrant, no broker 242 Seasonal migrant, uses broker 250 Other wage and salary 251 Canal zone/commission employee 252 Government employment/training program 253 Mixed state/private enterprise/parastatal 254 Government public work program 255 State enterprise employee 256 Coordinated and continuous collaboration job 300 Unpaid worker 310 Unpaid family worker 320 Apprentice, unpaid or unspecified 330 Trainee 340 Apprentice or trainee 350 Works for others without wage 400 Other 999 Unknown/missing CLASSWK refers to the status of an economically active person with respect to his or her employment -- that is, the type of explicit or implicit contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the person has in his/her job. In general, the variable indicates whether a person was self-employed, or worked for someone else, either for pay or as an unpaid family worker. CLASSWK is related to EMPSTAT, which is used to define the universe in many samples. Class of worker is often referred to as "status in employment" in other sources. IPUMS Type of work contract (indefinite or fixed term) 10 Indefinite 20 Fixed-term 21 Test or trial period 22 Training or apprenticeship 23 Specific project or task 24 Seasonal or as needed (casual) 25 Covering the absence of another worker 26 Other or unspecified fixed-term contract 97 No written contract 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) WRKCONTRCT refers to the person's type of work contract, whether it is indefinite (permanent) or fixed-term (temporary). IPUMS Sector of employment 00 NIU (not in universe) 10 Public 20 Private 21 Private, not elsewhere classified 22 Individual/family enterprise, and self-employed 23 Foreign 30 Mixed: public-private or parastatal 40 Collective or cooperative 50 Foreign government or non-governmental organization 60 Other, unspecified 61 Canal zone 62 Faith-based organization 63 Informal sector 99 Unknown EMPSECT indicates the economic sector in which the person was employed. Economic sector is defined in terms of ownership or control of the enterprise in which the person worked. IPUMS Total income INCTOT reports the person's total personal income from all sources in the previous month or year. INCTOT is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Brazil 1991: 9,999,997+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 3,000+ Dominican Republic 2002: 500,000+ Indonesia 1976: 600,000+ Mexico 1970: 5,500,000+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000+ South Africa 1996: 360,001+ South Africa 2001-2011: 2,457,601+ Trinidad and Tobago 1970: 1,200+ Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 13,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 400,000 U.S.A. 2000: 999,998+ Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 1960: -9,900 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990, 2005-2020: -19,998 U.S.A. 2000: -20,000 IPUMS Earned income INCEARN reports the person's total income from their labor (from wages, a business, or a farm) in the previous month or year. INCEARN is an 8-digit numeric variable. Codes99999998 = Unknown/missing. 99999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Canada 1971: 50,000+ Canada 1981: 75,000+ Canada 2001: 200,000+ Israel 1972: 16,000+ Israel 2008: 275,653+ Mexico 1990: 90,000,000+ Mexico 2000: 999,998+ Mexico 2010-2020: 1,000,000+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Puerto Rico 1990: 999,999+ Puerto Rico 2000: 310,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 284,000 U.S.A. 2000: 310,000+ U.S.A. 2005: 9,999,999+ Venezuela 1971: 2000+ Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 1990-2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 1990: -19,996 U.S.A. 2000-2005, 2015-2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 2010: -9,900 IPUMS Wage and salary income INCWAGE reports the respondent's weekly, monthly or annual wage and salary income. INCWAGE is a 7-digit numeric variable. Codes9999998 = Unknown/missing. 9999999 = NIU (not in universe). Top codes:Israel 1983: 74,716+ Israel 1995: 20,000+ Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Dominican Republic 1981: 2000+ Germany 1970: 2,500+ Indonesia 1995: 9,999,997+ Italy Surveys 2011-2020: 3000+ Jamaica 1982: 100,000+ Jamaica 1991: 100,000+ Jamaica 2001: 3,000,000+ Panama 1970: 800+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 10,000+ Puerto Rico 1970-1980: 50,000+ Puerto Rico 1990: 140,000+ Puerto Rico 2000: 175,000+ Puerto Rico 2005: 999,999+ Puerto Rico 2010: 173,000+ Puerto Rico 2015-2020: 99.5th percentile in the state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 55,000+ U.S.A. 1960: 25,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000+ U.S.A. 1980: 75,000+ U.S.A. 1990: State median of values over 140,000 U.S.A. 2000: State median of values over 175,000 U.S.A. 2005-2020: 99.5th percentile within each state (higher values are the state means of all cases above these cutoffs.) IPUMS Self-employment income INCSELF indicates the respondent's monthly or annual income from self-employment (farm and business). INCSELF is a 6-digit numeric variable. Codes999998 = Unknown/missing. 999999 = NIU (not in universe). Country-specific codes Israel 1995 Top codes:Canada 1971: 50,000+ females in Atlantic region; 75,000+ for others Canada 1981: 75,000+ all females, males in Atlantic region; 100,000+ males other regions Canada 1991-2001: 200,000+ Israel 1995: 40,000+ Israel 2008: 279,950+ Panama 2000: 9,997+ Panama 2010: 5,000+ Puerto Rico 1980: 50,000 Puerto Rico 1990: 64,146 Puerto Rico 2000: 367,000 (median of values over 126,000) Puerto Rico 2005 - 2020: 99.5th percentile in each state Trinidad and Tobago 2000: 11,000+ U.S.A. 1970: 50,000 U.S.A. 1980: 75,000 U.S.A. 1990: 171,250 U.S.A. 2000: 126,000 (State median of values over 126,000) U.S.A. 2005 - 2020: 99.5th percentile in each state Bottom codes:Canada 1981-2001: -50,000 Puerto Rico 1970: 0. Puerto Rico 1980: -9,995 Puerto Rico 1990: -4,999 Puerto Rico 2000: -10,000 Puerto Rico 2005 - 2020: -9,999 U.S.A. 1970: -9,900 U.S.A. 1980: -9,995 U.S.A. 1990: -9,999 U.S.A. 2000: -10,000 U.S.A. 2005 - 2020: -9,999 IPUMS Disability status NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes, disabled 2 No, not disabled 9 Unknown DISABLED indicates whether the person reported a disability of any kind. IPUMS Blind or vision-impaired NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISBLND indicates whether the person was blind or had limited vision. IPUMS Deaf or hearing-impaired NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISDEAF indicates whether the person was deaf or had limited hearing. IPUMS Mute or speech impaired NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISMUTE indicates if the person could not speak or had a significant speech impediment. IPUMS Mental disability NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown DISMNTL indicates whether the person suffered a mental disability in the form of diminished capacity. IPUMS Person number (within household) Panama 1990: All persons 00 Household record 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 This variable indicates the person number (within household). IPUMS Principal economic activity <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A400 PA90A440 PA90A441 PA90A442"><a name='49'></a>14. Principal activity of the individual: <br /><br /><div class="i1">14a. Did you work last week, or did you have a job from which you were temporarily absent?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14b. Did you look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 02 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14c. For what reason did you not look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 03 Does occasional work<br />[] 04 Looked for work before and waiting to hear<br />[] 05 Impossible to find work</div><br /><div class="i1">[If any answer above was selected,] (Continue with questions 15 - 17)</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Homemaker [specifically female]<br />[] 07 Student<br />[] 08 Retired or pensioner<br />[] 09 Rentier<br />[] 10 Other condition<br />[For responses 06 - 10], (go directly to question 21)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 01 Worked last week 02 Looked for work last week 03 Occasional 04 Wating for news 05 Impossible to find 06 Homemaker 07 Student 08 Retired pensioner 09 Rentier 10 Other condition 11 Collective individual 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the person's principal activity last week. IPUMS Year of birth, since May 1989 <svar v="PA90A405 PA90A407 PA90A414 PA90A438 PA90A401 PA90A420 PA90A432 PA90A410"><span class="h2">VII. Fertility and Mortality Characteristics</span><br />For females 15 years of age and older.<br />[Questions 22 - 23 were asked of women aged 15 and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p>[Questions 24-25 were asked of women aged 15-49 who have given birth to live children.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A401 PA90A407 PA90A420 PA90A432">24. Of your sons and daughters born alive, were any born during the period between May 14th 1989 and today?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes Date of birth: ____ [day, month, year] (Continue with question 25)<br />[] 2 No (go on to the next respondent)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Females age 15+ who have children born since May 14th, 1989 [discrepancies: none] 00 NIU (not in universe) 89 1989 90 1990 99 Unknown This variable indicates whether the year of birth is 1989 or 1990 for those born since May 1989. IPUMS Attends school <svar v="PA90A402 PA90A412 PA90A426"><span class="h2">V. Residence 5 years ago and educational characteristics</span><br />For individuals 5 years of age and older<br />[Questions 10 to 12a were asked of people 5 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A402">11. Do you currently attend school?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether the person currently attends school. IPUMS Working Status <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A403 PA90A443">18. Do you work or did you work the last time as a . . .<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Paid employee? (Continue with question 19)<br />[] 2 Independent or own-account worker?<br />[] 3 Unpaid family worker?<br />[] 4 Owner?<br />[] 5 Member of a production cooperative or settlement (collective agricultural production or <span class="lang">asentamientos</span>)?<br />[For responses 2 - 5,] (go to to question 21)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Paid employee 2 Own-account worker 3 Unpaid family worker 4 Employer 5 Member of a producer's coop or settlement 9 Unknown This variable indicates the class of worker. IPUMS Number of children still alive <svar v="PA90A405 PA90A407 PA90A414 PA90A438 PA90A401 PA90A420 PA90A432 PA90A410"><span class="h2">VII. Fertility and Mortality Characteristics</span><br />For females 15 years of age and older.<br />[Questions 22 - 23 were asked of women aged 15 and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A414">22. How many sons and daughters born alive have you had?<br /><div class="i1">Total sons/daughters (Continue with question 23) _ _<br />[] 00 None (go on to the next respondent)</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A405 PA90A438">23. Of these, how may are alive?<br /><div class="i1">Total sons/daughters alive _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Females age 15+ who have children born alive [discrepancies: none] 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children still alive. IPUMS Monthly income from own-account work <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the monthly income from own-account work. PA90A406 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99998 = Unknown 99999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age <svar a="all" v="PA90A408 PA90A435">3. What is your age in complete years?<br /><div class="i1">Years _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98+ 99 Unknown This variable indicates person's age. IPUMS Employment status <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A409">20. Is or was your job temporary?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Permanent<br />[] 2 Temporary</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Permanent 2 Temporary This variable indicates whether the person's employment status is permanent or temporary. IPUMS Survival of a child <svar v="PA90A405 PA90A407 PA90A414 PA90A438 PA90A401 PA90A420 PA90A432 PA90A410"><span class="h2">VII. Fertility and Mortality Characteristics</span><br />For females 15 years of age and older.<br />[Questions 22 - 23 were asked of women aged 15 and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p>[Questions 24-25 were asked of women aged 15-49 who have given birth to live children.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A401 PA90A407 PA90A420 PA90A432">24. Of your sons and daughters born alive, were any born during the period between May 14th 1989 and today?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes Date of birth: ____ [day, month, year] (Continue with question 25)<br />[] 2 No (go on to the next respondent)</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A410">25. Is this child alive?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Female age 15+ who have children born since May 14th 1989 [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether the child born since May 14th, 1989 is still alive. IPUMS Marital status <svar a="all" v="PA90A411 PA90A436">4. What is your current marital status?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Consensual union<br />[] 2 Separated from a marriage<br />[] 3 Separated from a consensual union<br />[] 4 Married<br />[] 5 Divorced<br />[] 6 Widowed<br />[] 7 Single</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 15+ [discrepancies: type I trace; type II none] 1 Consensual union 2 Separated from a marriage 3 Separated from a consensual union 4 Married 5 Divorced 6 Widowed 7 Single 8 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the person's marital status. IPUMS Level of education attained <svar v="PA90A402 PA90A412 PA90A426"><span class="h2">V. Residence 5 years ago and educational characteristics</span><br />For individuals 5 years of age and older<br />[Questions 10 to 12a were asked of people 5 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A412">12. What is the highest grade or school year you have completed?<br /><div class="i1">[] 00 No grade<br />[] 1 Primary<br />[] 2 Secondary<br />[] 3 University<br />[] 4 Post-graduate<br />[] 5 Vocational</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 5+ [discrepancies: none] 00 No level 11 Primary 1 12 Primary 2 13 Primary 3 14 Primary 4 15 Primary 5 16 Primary 6 (complete) 19 Primary (not specified) 21 Secondary 1 22 Secondary 2 23 Secondary 3 24 Secondary 4 25 Secondary 5 26 Secondary 6 (complete) 29 Secondary (not specified) 31 University 1 32 University 2 33 University 3 34 University 4 35 University 5 36 University 6 (complete) 39 University (not specified) 41 Post-secondary 1 42 Post-secondary 2 43 Post-secondary 3 (complete) 49 Post-secondary (not specified) 51 Vocational 1 52 Vocational 2 53 Vocational 3 (complete) 59 Vocational (not specified) 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the highest level of education attained. IPUMS Indigenous group <svar a="all" v="PA90A413">7. Which indigenous group do you belong to?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Kuna<br />[] 2 Guaymí<br />[] 3 Teribe<br />[] 4 Bokota<br />[] 5 Emberá<br />[] 6 Waunana<br />[] 7 None</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 1 Kuna 2 Guaymi 3 Teribe 4 Bokota 5 Embera 6 Waunana 7 None 9 Unknown This variable indicates the indigenous group the person belongs to. IPUMS Number of children ever born alive <svar v="PA90A405 PA90A407 PA90A414 PA90A438 PA90A401 PA90A420 PA90A432 PA90A410"><span class="h2">VII. Fertility and Mortality Characteristics</span><br />For females 15 years of age and older.<br />[Questions 22 - 23 were asked of women aged 15 and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A414">22. How many sons and daughters born alive have you had?<br /><div class="i1">Total sons/daughters (Continue with question 23) _ _<br />[] 00 None (go on to the next respondent)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Female age 15+ [discrepancies: none] 00 None 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the number of children ever born alive. IPUMS Disability <svar a="all" v="PA90A415">6. If the person is noted in questions 4 and 5 of the List of Occupants, ask:<br />What type of physical or mental impediment do you have?<br /><div class="i1">(Mark the most severe)<br /><br />[] 1 Blind<br />[] 2 Deaf<br />[] 3 Mental retardation<br />[] 4 Cerebral paralysis<br />[] 5 Permanent physical disability<br />[] 6 Other<br />[] 7 None</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 1 Blind 2 Deaf 3 Mental retardation 4 Cerebral palsy 5 Physical disability 6 Other 7 None 9 Unknown This variable indicates the disability of the person. IPUMS Monthly income from retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents incomes, or subsidies <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the monthly income from retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, and rents. PA90A416 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes9998 = Unknown 9999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Year arrived in Panama <svar a="all" v="PA90A417">8a. In what year did you arrive in Panama?<br /><div class="i1">____<br />_ _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons born outside Panama [Universe unverifiable] 01 1901 02 1902 03 1903 04 1904 05 1905 06 1906 07 1907 08 1908 09 1909 10 1910 11 1911 12 1912 13 1913 14 1914 15 1915 16 1916 17 1917 18 1918 19 1919 20 1920 21 1921 22 1922 23 1923 24 1924 25 1925 26 1926 27 1927 28 1928 29 1929 30 1930 31 1931 32 1932 33 1933 34 1934 35 1935 36 1936 37 1937 38 1938 39 1939 40 1940 41 1941 42 1942 43 1943 44 1944 45 1945 46 1946 47 1947 48 1948 49 1949 50 1950 51 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1954 55 1955 56 1956 57 1957 58 1958 59 1959 60 1960 61 1961 62 1962 63 1963 64 1964 65 1965 66 1966 67 1967 68 1968 69 1969 70 1970 71 1971 72 1972 73 1973 74 1974 75 1975 76 1976 77 1977 78 1978 79 1979 80 1980 81 1981 82 1982 83 1983 84 1984 85 1985 86 1986 87 1987 88 1988 89 1989 90 1990 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the year the person arrived in Panama. IPUMS Mother alive <svar a="all" v="PA90A418">5. Is your mother alive?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No<br />[] 3 Doesn't know</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 1 Yes 2 No 3 Does not know This variable indicates whether the person's mother is still alive. IPUMS Family nucleus Panama 1990: All persons 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 This variable indicates the family nucleus. IPUMS Occupation <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A423 PA90A449 PA90A452">15. What occupation, position or job did you do last week or the last time you were employed?<br /><br />(If the person has never had any job, write "never worked" and skip to question 21. If the person has more than one job, write the occupation that produces the highest income.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">Specify the occupation ________<br />_ _ _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: type I 1.2%; type II none] 0000 Architects 0001 Civil engineers 0002 Engineer in electricity, electronics, and telecommunications 0003 Mechanical, industrial, and mining engineers 0004 Other engineers, not specified 0005 Surveyors and topographers 0006 Drafting artist 0007 Technicians related to engineering, electricity, and mechanics 0008 Other technicians 0010 Chemists and biochemists 0011 Physicists and other specialists in related sciences 0012 Bacteriologists and similar occupations 0020 Agronomists, phytopathologists, and similar occupations 0021 Veterinarian, zoo technician and similar occupations 0022 Biologists and naturalists 0023 Technicians in agronomy, biology, natural sciences, zoo technology and fish farming 0030 Doctors 0031 Surgeons 0032 Dentists 0040 Optometrists and opticians 0041 Physical therapists 0042 Technician in medical radiation 0043 Experts in dietary regimen 0044 Other paramedical technicians 0050 Nurses, midwives and similar occupations 0051 Other nurses and similar occupations 0060 University professors and teachers 0061 Professor of secondary and vocational schools 0062 Professors and teachers of elementary and pre-school education 0063 Professor and special education teachers 0064 Other professors and teachers (academies, conservatories, etc.) 0065 Educational directors, coordinators, and inspectors 0071 Statisticians 0072 Economists and economic analysts 0073 Comptrollers, auditors and accountants 0074 Sociologist, psychologists, anthropologist, historians, archeologists, and similar occupations 0075 System analyst and programmers 0076 Other specialists in mathematical, social and similar sciences 0080 Lawyers and similar occupations 0081 Other legal occupations 0090 Writers, editors, newspaper reporters and similar occupations 0091 Painters, sculptors, and other similar artists 0092 Decorators, sketching artists and similar occupations 0093 Composers, musicians, singers, orchestra directors and similar occupations 0094 Actors, directors of entertainment presentations and similar occupations 0100 Priests, pastors, members of religious orders 0110 Expert in personnel administration 0111 Translators and interpreters 0112 Library specialist, librarian, document archivist 0113 Social assistants and other occupations related to social welfare 0114 Photographers and operators and cinema and television cameras 0120 Deck officers, pilots, and ships engineer of maritime and fluvial navigation 0130 Airplane pilots and similar occupations 1000 Members of the legislative body and directive personnel 1001 Heads and assistant heads (boss/assistant boss) of public sector 1002 Directive officials in provinces and municipalities 1003 Other public officials of directive category 1010 Directors, managers in wholesale commerce 1011 Managers and assistant managers in retail commerce 1020 Managers, assistant managers and administrators 1021 Heads and assistant heads (boss/assistant boss) 1022 Supervisors, inspectors, overseers 2002 Accounting employees, cashiers, and bill collectors 2010 Secretaries 2011 Typists and similar 2012 Operators of office machinery and similar 2020 Inspectors, dispatchers and controllers in transportation services 2030 Mailmen, messengers, and similar occupations 2040 Telephone operators, telegraph operators and similar occupations 2050 Warehouse operators and suppliers of merchandize and materials 2051 Other office employees 3000 Owners-vendors in wholesale commerce 3001 Owner-vendor in retail commerce 3010 Salesmen or employees in commerce 3011 Traveling salesmen and other salesmen 3012 Dispatchers 3013 Delivery persons 3020 Traveling agents and representatives of factories or commercial businesses 3021 Sales representatives 3022 Investment, insurance, and real estate brokers 3023 Auctioneers, foreclosure auctioneers and similar occupations 4000 Farmers-producers 4001 Breeders of cattle and other animals 4002 Administrators and supervisors in agricultural enterprises 4010 Agricultural workers in animal breeding 4011 Agricultural workers in crop production 4012 Operators of agricultural machinery 4020 Fishermen 4021 Workers in breeding and caring for aquatic species 4030 Hunters and trappers 4040 Lumber workers and cutters 4041 Rubber harvesters and similar occupations 4042 Other forestry workers 5000 Drivers of automobiles, buses and trucks 5001 Wagon and cart drivers 5010 Locomotive machinists 5020 Sailors 5030 Operator of air, maritime, fluvial and railroad traffic control towers 6000 Weavers and embroiderers 6010 Tailors, seamstresses and similar occupations 6011 Operators in the manufacture of clothing 6012 Upholsterers, mattress makers, umbrella makers and similar occupations 6020 Shoemakers 6021 Cutters, mold makers, and other occupations related to footwear manufacturing 6022 Leatherworkers and occupations related to the manufacture of leather goods 6030 Carpenters 6031 Cabinet makers and operators in furniture manufacture 6032 Operators in wood manufacturing 6033 Wood artisan 6040 Construction laborers and similar occupations 6041 Other construction workers 6050 Construction and maintenance painters 6051 Other painters 6052 Wall paper installer 6060 Plumbers and pipe installers 6061 Riveters and assemblers of metallic structures 6062 Tinsmiths, galvanized sheeting metal workers, boilermakers and similar 6063 Oxifuel cutters and welders 6070 Electricians, adjustors and installers of machinery and equipment 6071 Electronic appliance repairmen 6072 Electricians 6073 Installers of electrical, telephone, and communication lines 6080 Adjustors, installers of motors and machinery 6081 Motor vehicle mechanic 6082 Mechanic of locomotives, agricultural and industrial machinery 6083 Other mechanics and repairmen 6090 Clock makers and mechanics of precision instruments 6100 Jewelers and goldsmiths 6110 Operators of installations for the production of electrical energy 6111 Operators of stationary machinery and similar installations 6112 Cable installers and linemen 6113 Operators of cranes and operators of elevation installations 6114 Operators of machinery for moving land and similar equipment 6120 Operators of radio and television transmission equipment 6121 Operators of cinematographic sound equipment and projection equipment 6130 Typographer, typesetters, and similar 6131 Binders and book binders 6140 Miners, quarry workers, and similar occupations 6141 Sand and salt extraction 6150 Operators in the treatment and preparation of metals 6151 Other operators in metallurgic industry 6160 Ceramic workers, potters and similar occupations 6161 Glass molders, laminators, cutters, and polishers 6170 Operators of machinery for grinding, shredding, breaking and other machines in chemical processes 6171 Operators of ovens, cookers, driers, toasters and other occupations related to the technical treatment of related chemical products 6172 Laborers in petroleum refining 6173 Operators in paper manufacturing and finishing 6180 Slaughterers, butchers, and operators in slaughter yards, refrigeration plants and aviculture packers 6181 Operators in food conservation 6182 Millers and operators in similar occupations 6183 Bakers, pastry chefs, candy makers, and persons in the preparation of alimentary paste 6184 Workers in milk treatment and manufacture of dairy products 6185 Operators in the manufacture of wine, beer, and non-alcoholic beverages 6186 Other operators in the manufacture of food products, not specified 6190 Selectors, mixers, and other operators in the preparation of tobacco 6191 Operators in the manufacture of cigars and cigarettes 6200 Hide scrapers, skinners, tanners, and other operators in similar occupations 6210 Operators in the manufacture of paper and cardboard 6220 Operators in the manufacture or repair of musical instruments 6221 Operators in the manufacture of articles made of vegetable fibers 6222 Operators in the manufacture of rubber and plastic products 6223 Other operators in the production process, not specified 7000 Workers and day laborers in mines and quarries 7010 Laborers and day laborers in the construction industry 7020 Dock workers, loaders, and similar occupations 7021 Packers and occupations related to the bottling of manufactured products 7030 Workers and day laborers in electricity, gas, water, sanitation services and communications 7040 Workers and day laborers in the manufacturing industry 7050 Workers and day laborers, not specified in another category of commerce 7051 Workers and day laborers in recreational services 7052 Workers and day laborers in public services 8000 Workers in protection services 8001 Agents of the armed forces 8002 Other workers in protection services 8010 Butler, household manager, housekeepers and similar occupations 8020 Cooks, employees of restaurants and cafes, bartenders, and similar occupations 8021 Workers in hospitality services and housekeepers 8030 Launderers and pressers and similar occupations 8040 Doormen, concierges, watchmen and elevator operators 8041 Workers in cleaning services 8050 Workers in domestic (household) service 8060 Barbers, hairdressers, beauticians and similar occupations 8061 Bathers and massage artists 8070 Athletes, sportsmen, and similar occupations 8080 Workers in public services in entertainment, tourism and similar 8081 Workers in gaming rooms and recreational places 8082 Workers in personal services, not specified in another group 9010 Persons who declare unidentifiable occupations 9020 Persons who do not declare any occupation 9030 Members of the armed forces of other countries, stationed here 9040 Diplomatic and consular personnel, not specified 9998 Unknown 9999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the person's occupation. IPUMS Relationship <svar a="all" v="PA90A424 PA90A437">1. What is the relationship with the head of the household?<br /><div class="i1">[For person number one:]<br />[] 1 Head<br /><br />[For the rest of the household members:]<br />[] 2 Spouse of the head<br />[] 3 Son/daughter<br />[] 4 Son-/daughter-in-law<br />[] 5 Grand- or great-grandchild<br />[] 6 Mother or father of the head<br />[] 7 Mother- or father-in-law of the head<br />[] 8 Other relative<br />[] 9 Non-relative</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 1 Head 2 Spouse, partner 3 Son or daughter 4 Son-or daughter-in-law 5 Grand- or great grandchild 6 Father-mother of the head 7 Father-mother-in-law of the head 8 Other relative 9 Not related This variable indicates the person's relationship to the head of household. IPUMS Industry - 3 Digits <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451">17. What is done at the business, establishment, company or institution where you work or worked?<br /><div class="i1">Specify principal activity of the company ________<br />_ _ _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] 011 Growing of crops; market gardening; horticulture 012 Farming of animals 013 Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming) 014 Agricultural and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities 015 Hunting, trapping and game propagation including related service activities 020 Forestry, logging and related service activities 050 Fishing, operation of fish hatcheries and fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing 101 Mining and agglomeration of hard coal 103 Extraction and agglomeration of peat 111 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 112 Service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction excluding surveying 131 Mining of iron ores 132 Mining of non-ferrous metal ores, except uranium and thorium ores 141 Quarrying of stone, sand and clay 142 Mining and quarrying n.e.c. 151 Production, processing and preservation of meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, oils and fats 152 Manufacture of dairy products 153 Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products, and prepared animal feeds 154 Manufacture of other food products 155 Manufacture of beverages 160 Manufacture of tobacco products 171 Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles 172 Manufacture of other textiles 173 Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles 181 Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel 182 Dressing and dyeing of fur; manufacture of articles of fur 191 Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery and harness 192 Manufacture of footwear 201 Sawmilling and planing of wood 202 Manufacture of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials 210 Manufacture of paper and paper products 221 Publishing 222 Printing and service activities related to printing 223 Reproduction of recorded media 232 Manufacture of refined petroleum products 233 Processing of nuclear fuel 241 Manufacture of basic chemicals 242 Manufacture of other chemical products 243 Manufacture of man-made fibres 251 Manufacture of rubber products 252 Manufacture of plastics products 261 Manufacture of glass and glass products 269 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. 271 Manufacture of basic iron and steel 272 Manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals 273 Casting of metals 281 Manufacture of structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators 289 Manufacture of other fabricated metal products; metal working service activities 291 Manufacture of general purpose machinery 292 Manufacture of special purpose machinery 293 Manufacture of domestic appliances n.e.c. 300 Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery 311 Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers 312 Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus 313 Manufacture of insulated wire and cable 314 Manufacture of accumulators, primary cells and primary batteries 315 Manufacture of electric lamps and lighting equipment 319 Manufacture of other electrical equipment n.e.c. 322 Manufacture of television and radio transmitters and apparatus for line telephony and line telegraphy 323 Manufacture of television and radio receivers, sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus, and associated goods 331 Manufacture of medical appliances and instruments and appliances for measuring, checking, testing, navigating and other purposes, except optical instruments 332 Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment 333 Manufacture of watches and clocks 342 Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers 343 Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines 351 Building and repairing of ships and boats 353 Manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft 359 Manufacture of transport equipment n.e.c. 361 Manufacture of furniture 369 Manufacturing n.e.c. 371 Recycling of non-metal waste and scrap 401 Production, collection and distribution of electricity 402 Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels through mains 403 Steam and hot water supply 410 Collection, purification and distribution of water 451 Site preparation 452 Building of complete constructions or parts thereof; civil engineering 453 Building installation 454 Building completion 455 Renting of construction or demolition equipment with operator 511 Wholesale on a fee or contract basis 512 Wholesale of agricultural raw materials, live animals, food, beverages and tobacco 513 Wholesale of household goods 514 Wholesale of non-agricultural intermediate products, waste and scrap 515 Wholesale of machinery, equipment and supplies 516 Sale of motor vehicles, motorcyles, and their parts and accessories 519 Other wholesale 521 Non-specialized retail trade in stores 522 Retail sale of food, beverages and tobacco in specialized stores 523 Other retail trade of new goods in specialized stores 524 Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores 525 Retail trade not in stores 526 Repair of personal and household goods 527 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and fuel for motor vehicles 531 Wholesale on a fee or contract basis in tax-free zones 532 Wholesale of agricultural raw materials, live animals, food, beverages and tobacco in tax-free zones 533 Wholesale of personal and household goods, realized in tax-free zones 534 Wholesale of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products in tax-free zones 535 Wholesale of machinery, equipment and supplies in tax-free zones 536 Sales of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces and accessories, carried out in tax-free zones 539 Wholesale of other goods in tax-free zones 551 Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation 552 Restaurants, bars and canteens 601 Transport via railways 602 Other land transport 603 Transport via pipelines 611 Sea and coastal water transport 612 Inland water transport 613 Other complementary activities for aquatic transportation 621 Scheduled air transport 622 Non-scheduled air transport 623 Other supporting air transport activities 630 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies 641 Post and courier activities 642 Telecommunications 651 Monetary intermediation 659 Other financial intermediation 660 Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security 671 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding 672 Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding 701 Real estate activities with own or leased property 711 Renting of transport equipment 712 Renting of other machinery and equipment 713 Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c. 722 Software consultancy and supply 723 Data processing 724 Data base activities 725 Maintenance and repair of office, accounting and computing machinery 729 Other computer related activities 731 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering (NSE) 741 Legal, accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy; market research and public opinion polling; business and management consultancy 742 Architectural, engineering and other technical activities 743 Advertising 749 Business activities n.e.c. 751 Administration of the State and the economic and social policy of the community 752 Provision of services to the community as a whole 753 Compulsory social security activities 801 Primary education 802 Secondary education 803 Higher education 809 Adult and other education 851 Human health activities 852 Veterinary activities 853 Social work activities 900 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities 911 Activities of business, employers and professional organizations 912 Activities of trade unions 919 Activities of other membership organizations 921 Motion picture, radio, television and other entertainment activities 922 News agency activities 923 Library, archives, museums and other cultural activities 924 Sporting and other recreational activities 930 Other service activities 950 Private households with employed persons 980 Extra-territorial organizations and bodies 985 Response suppressed 990 Activities not well specified 998 Unknown 999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the industry the person works or worked before. IPUMS Industry <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451">17. What is done at the business, establishment, company or institution where you work or worked?<br /><div class="i1">Specify principal activity of the company ________<br />_ _ _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] 0000 NIU (not in universe) 0111 Crop production in general; crop production of products for the horticultural market 0112 Crop production in general; crop production of products for the horticultural market 0113 Crop production in general; crop production of products for the horticultural market 0121 Breeding of domestic animals 0122 Breeding of domestic animals 0123 Breeding of domestic animals 0124 Breeding of domestic animals 0130 Agricultural crop production in combination with domestic animal breeding (mixed production) 0140 Agricultural service activities, except veterinary activities 0150 Ordinary hunting and hunting with traps and repopulation of hunting animals, including related activities 0201 Forestry, lumber extraction and related service activities 0202 Forestry, lumber extraction and related service activities 0501 Fishing, production in fish breeding enterprises and fish farms; service activities related to fishing 0502 Fishing, production in fish breeding enterprises and fish farms; service activities related to fishing 1010 Extraction and collection of mineral coal 1030 Extraction and collection of peat 1110 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 1120 Service activities related to the extraction of petroleum and gas; except prospecting activities 1310 Extraction of iron minerals 1320 Extraction of non-ferrous metallic minerals except the minerals uranium and thorium 1410 Stone, sand, and clay quarrying 1421 Extraction from mines and quarries not included elsewhere 1422 Extraction from mines and quarries not included elsewhere 1429 Extraction from mines and quarries not included elsewhere 1511 Production, manufacture, and conservation of meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, horticulture products, oils, and fats 1512 Production, manufacture, and conservation of meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, horticulture products, oils, and fats 1513 Production, manufacture, and conservation of meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, horticulture products, oils, and fats 1514 Production, manufacture, and conservation of meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, beans, horticulture products, oils, and fats 1520 Manufacture of dairy products 1531 Manufacture of milled products, starches and products derived from starches, and prepared animal feeds 1532 Manufacture of milled products, starches and products derived from starches, and prepared animal feeds 1533 Manufacture of milled products, starches and products derived from starches, and prepared animal feeds 1541 Manufacture of other food products 1542 Manufacture of other food products 1543 Manufacture of other food products 1544 Manufacture of other food products 1549 Manufacture of other food products 1551 Manufacture of beverages 1552 Manufacture of beverages 1553 Manufacture of beverages 1554 Manufacture of beverages 1600 Manufacture of tobacco products 1711 Bobbin winding, weaving, and finishing textile products 1712 Bobbin winding, weaving, and finishing textile products 1721 Manufacture of other textile products 1722 Manufacture of other textile products 1723 Manufacture of other textile products 1729 Manufacture of other textile products 1730 Manufacture of knit fabrics and hand-knit articles 1811 Manufacture of clothing, except leather clothing 1812 Manufacture of clothing, except leather clothing 1820 Curing and dyeing skins; manufacture of leather articles 1911 Tanning and curing skins; manufacture of suitcases, handbags; articles of leatherworks and harness making; footwear 1912 Tanning and curing skins; manufacture of suitcases, handbags; articles of leatherworks and harness making; footwear 1921 Manufacture of footwear, except rubber and plastic 1922 Manufacture of footwear, except rubber and plastic 2010 Sawmills and lumber finishing 2021 Manufacture of products made of wood, cork, straw and braided materials 2022 Manufacture of products made of wood, cork, straw and braided materials 2023 Manufacture of products made of wood, cork, straw and braided materials 2029 Manufacture of products made of wood, cork, straw and braided materials 2101 Manufacture of paper and paper products 2102 Manufacture of paper and paper products 2109 Manufacture of paper and paper products 2211 Editing activities 2212 Editing activities 2213 Editing activities 2219 Editing activities 2221 Printing activities and related service activities 2222 Printing activities and related service activities 2230 Reproduction of recorded materials 2310 Manufacture of products of coke ovens 2320 Manufacture of petroleum refinery products 2330 Manufacture of nuclear fuel 2411 Manufacture of basic chemical substances 2412 Manufacture of basic chemical substances 2413 Manufacture of basic chemical substances 2421 Manufacture of other chemical products 2422 Manufacture of other chemical products 2423 Manufacture of other chemical products 2424 Manufacture of other chemical products 2425 Manufacture of other chemical products 2429 Manufacture of other chemical products 2430 Manufacture of synthetic or artificial fibers 2511 Manufacture of rubber products 2519 Manufacture of rubber products 2520 Manufacture of other plastic products 2610 Manufacture of glass and glass products 2691 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2692 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2693 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2694 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2695 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2696 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2699 Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not included elsewhere 2710 Manufacture of raw iron and steel products 2720 Manufacture of precious metal and non-ferrous metal raw materials 2731 Metal foundry 2732 Metal foundry 2811 Manufacture of metallic products for structural use, tanks, deposits (water tanks), and vapor generators 2812 Manufacture of metallic products for structural use, tanks, deposits (water tanks), and vapor generators 2813 Manufacture of metallic products for structural use, tanks, deposits (water tanks), and vapor generators 2891 Manufacture of other products made of metal; service activities provided to manufacturers of products made of metal 2892 Manufacture of other products made of metal; service activities provided to manufacturers of products made of metal 2893 Manufacture of other products made of metal; service activities provided to manufacturers of products made of metal 2894 Manufacture of other products made of metal; service activities provided to manufacturers of products made of metal 2899 Manufacture of other products made of metal; service activities provided to manufacturers of products made of metal 2911 Manufacture of general use machinery 2912 Manufacture of general use machinery 2913 Manufacture of general use machinery 2914 Manufacture of general use machinery 2915 Manufacture of general use machinery 2919 Manufacture of general use machinery 2921 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2922 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2923 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2924 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2925 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2926 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2927 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2929 Manufacture of specialized machinery 2930 Manufacture of household appliances, not included elsewhere 3000 Manufacture of office, accounting, and informatics machinery 3110 Manufacture of motors, generators, and electrical transformers 3120 Manufacture of appliances for distribution and control of electrical energy 3130 Manufacture of insulated wires and cables 3140 Manufacture of cell-batteries, batteries, and primary batteries 3150 Manufacture of electrical lamps 3190 Manufacture of other types of electrical equipment not included elsewhere 3210 Manufacture of electronic tubes and valves and other electronic components 3220 Manufacture of radio and television transmitters and appliances for telephone and telegraph services with wires 3230 Manufacture of radio and television receptors and related consumer products 3311 Manufacture of medical appliances and instruments and appliances for measuring, verifying, testing, navigating and other uses, except optical instruments 3312 Manufacture of medical appliances and instruments and appliances for measuring, verifying, testing, navigating and other uses, except optical instruments 3313 Manufacture of medical appliances and instruments and appliances for measuring, verifying, testing, navigating and other uses, except optical instruments 3320 Manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment 3330 Clock manufacturing 3410 Manufacture of automobile vehicles 3420 Manufacture of chassis for automobile vehicles; Manufacture or tractors and tractor-trailers 3430 Manufacture of parts, pieces, and accessories for automobile vehicles and their motors 3511 Ship construction and repair 3512 Ship construction and repair 3520 Manufacture of locomotives and wheeled materials for railroads and trolleys 3530 Manufacture of airplanes and spaceships 3592 Manufacture of other types of transportation equipment not included elsewhere 3599 Manufacture of other types of transportation equipment not included elsewhere 3611 Manufacture of furniture and mattresses 3612 Manufacture of furniture and mattresses 3613 Manufacture of furniture and mattresses 3614 Manufacture of furniture and mattresses 3619 Manufacture of furniture and mattresses 3691 Manufacturing industries not included elsewhere 3692 Manufacturing industries not included elsewhere 3693 Manufacturing industries not included elsewhere 3694 Manufacturing industries not included elsewhere 3699 Manufacturing industries not included elsewhere 3710 Recycling of metallic waste and discarded materials 3720 Recycling of non-metallic waste and discarded materials 4010 Generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy 4020 Manufacture of gas; distribution of gaseous fuels via pipelines 4030 Distribution of vapor and hot water 4100 Water collection, purification, and distribution 4510 Land preparation 4521 Construction of complete buildings or parts of buildings; civil engineering jobs 4522 Construction of complete buildings or parts of buildings; civil engineering jobs 4530 Fitting buildings 4540 Finishing buildings 4550 Rental of construction or demolition equipment with operators 5110 Wholesale sales in exchange for payment or by contract 5121 Wholesale sales of agricultural raw materials, live animals, foods, beverages and tobacco 5122 Wholesale sales of agricultural raw materials, live animals, foods, beverages and tobacco 5131 Wholesale sales of personal goods, household items and diverse consumer products 5132 Wholesale sales of personal goods, household items and diverse consumer products 5139 Wholesale sales of personal goods, household items and diverse consumer products 5141 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials 5142 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials 5143 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials 5149 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials 5150 Wholesale sales of machinery, equipment, and materials 5161 Sale of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces, and accessories 5162 Sale of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces, and accessories 5163 Sale of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces, and accessories 5190 Wholesale sales of other products 5211 Non-specialized retail commerce 5219 Non-specialized retail commerce 5220 Retail sales of foods, beverages, and tobacco in specialized stores 5231 Retail commerce of other new products in specialized stores 5232 Retail commerce of other new products in specialized stores 5233 Retail commerce of other new products in specialized stores 5234 Retail commerce of other new products in specialized stores 5239 Retail commerce of other new products in specialized stores 5240 Retail sales in used-goods stores 5251 Retail commerce not carried out in stores 5252 Retail commerce not carried out in stores 5259 Retail commerce not carried out in stores 5260 Repair of personal goods and household items 5271 Sale, maintenance, and repair of automobile vehicles, motorcycles, and automobile fuel 5272 Sale, maintenance, and repair of automobile vehicles, motorcycles, and automobile fuel 5273 Sale, maintenance, and repair of automobile vehicles, motorcycles, and automobile fuel 5274 Sale, maintenance, and repair of automobile vehicles, motorcycles, and automobile fuel 5275 Sale, maintenance, and repair of automobile vehicles, motorcycles, and automobile fuel 5310 Wholesale commerce in Tax-free zones 5321 Wholesale sales of agricultural raw materials, live animals, foods, beverages and tobacco in tax-free zones 5322 Wholesale sales of agricultural raw materials, live animals, foods, beverages and tobacco in tax-free zones 5331 Wholesale sales of personal goods, household items and diverse consumer products carried out in tax-free zones 5332 Wholesale sales of personal goods, household items and diverse consumer products carried out in tax-free zones 5339 Wholesale sales of personal goods, household items and diverse consumer products carried out in tax-free zones 5341 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials carried out in tax-free zones 5342 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials carried out in tax-free zones 5343 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials carried out in tax-free zones 5349 Wholesale sales of intermediate products, non-agricultural waste and discarded materials carried out in tax-free zones 5350 Wholesale sales of machinery, equipment, and materials, carried out in tax-free zones 5361 Sales of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces and accessories, carried out in tax-free zones 5362 Sales of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces and accessories, carried out in tax-free zones 5363 Sales of automobile vehicles and motorcycles and their parts, pieces and accessories, carried out in tax-free zones 5390 Wholesale sales of other products, carried out in tax-free zones 5510 Hotels; camps and other types of temporary housing 5520 Restaurants, bars, and cantinas 6010 Railway transportation 6021 Other types of land transportation 6022 Other types of land transportation 6023 Other types of land transportation 6024 Other types of land transportation 6025 Other types of land transportation 6030 Transportation via pipelines 6110 Maritime and coastal transportation 6120 Transportation via interior navigation 6130 Other complementary activities for aquatic transportation 6131 Other complementary activities for aquatic transportation 6210 Regular transportation via air 6220 Non-regular transportation via air 6230 Other complementary activities for air transportation 6301 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6302 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6303 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6304 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6305 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6306 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6307 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6309 Complementary and auxiliary activities for transportation; activities of travel agencies 6411 Air transportation 6412 Air transportation 6420 Complementary and auxiliary transportation activities; activities of travel agencies 6511 Financial intermediation, except financing insurance and pension plans 6512 Financial intermediation, except financing insurance and pension plans 6519 Financial intermediation, except financing insurance and pension plans 6591 Real estate activities 6592 Real estate activities 6599 Real estate activities 6601 Rental of machinery and equipment without operators and rental of personal goods and household items 6602 Rental of machinery and equipment without operators and rental of personal goods and household items 6603 Rental of machinery and equipment without operators and rental of personal goods and household items 6604 Rental of machinery and equipment without operators and rental of personal goods and household items 6711 Auxiliary activities for financial intermediation, except financing insurance plans and pension plans 6712 Auxiliary activities for financial intermediation, except financing insurance plans and pension plans 6719 Auxiliary activities for financial intermediation, except financing insurance plans and pension plans 6720 Auxiliary activities for financial intermediation, not included elsewhere 7011 Real estate activities carried out with one's own properties, rental properties, or properties owned by third parties 7012 Real estate activities carried out with one's own properties, rental properties, or properties owned by third parties 7111 Rental of transportation equipment 7112 Rental of transportation equipment 7113 Rental of transportation equipment 7121 Rental of other types of machinery and equipment 7122 Rental of other types of machinery and equipment 7123 Rental of other types of machinery and equipment 7129 Rental of other types of machinery and equipment 7131 Rental of personal items and household goods, not included elsewhere, and rental of entertainment and recreational equipment 7132 Rental of personal items and household goods, not included elsewhere, and rental of entertainment and recreational equipment 7210 Consultants in informatics equipment 7220 Consultants in informatics programs and informatics program administration 7230 Data processing 7240 Activities related to data bases 7250 Maintenance and repair of office, accounting, and informatics machinery 7290 Other informatics activities 7310 Research and development in natural sciences 7320 Research and development in social sciences and humanities 7411 Other business activities 7412 Other business activities 7413 Other business activities 7414 Other business activities 7415 Other business activities 7421 Activities of architecture and engineering and other technical activities 7422 Activities of architecture and engineering and other technical activities 7430 Publicity 7491 Business activities, not included elsewhere 7492 Business activities, not included elsewhere 7493 Business activities, not included elsewhere 7494 Business activities, not included elsewhere 7495 Business activities, not included elsewhere 7499 Business activities, not included elsewhere 7511 State administration and application of economic politics and social community politics 7512 State administration and application of economic politics and social community politics 7513 State administration and application of economic politics and social community politics 7514 State administration and application of economic politics and social community politics 7521 Activities of maintaining public order and security 7522 Activities of maintaining public order and security 7523 Activities of maintaining public order and security 7530 Activities of insurance plans with obligatory enrollment 8010 Elementary education 8021 Secondary education 8022 Secondary education 8030 Higher education 8090 Adult education and other types of education 8511 Activities related to human health 8512 Activities related to human health 8519 Activities related to human health 8520 Veterinary activities 8531 Social services activities 8532 Social services activities 9000 Elimination of waste and residual waters, sanitation and similar activities 9111 Activities of business, professional, and employers associations 9112 Activities of business, professional, and employers associations 9113 Activities of business, professional, and employers associations 9120 Union activities 9191 Activities of other associations 9192 Activities of other associations 9199 Activities of other associations 9211 Cinematographic, radio and television activities and other entertainment activities 9212 Cinematographic, radio and television activities and other entertainment activities 9213 Cinematographic, radio and television activities and other entertainment activities 9214 Cinematographic, radio and television activities and other entertainment activities 9219 Cinematographic, radio and television activities and other entertainment activities 9220 Activities of news reporting agencies 9231 Activities of libraries, archives and museums and other cultural activities 9232 Activities of libraries, archives and museums and other cultural activities 9233 Activities of libraries, archives and museums and other cultural activities 9241 Sports activities and other recreational activities 9249 Sports activities and other recreational activities 9301 Other service activities 9302 Other service activities 9303 Other service activities 9309 Other service activities 9500 Private homes with domestic service 9800 Extraterritorial organizations and organisms 9900 Activities not clearly specified 9999 Unknown This variable indicates the industry the person works or worked before. IPUMS Ability to read and write <svar v="PA90A402 PA90A412 PA90A426"><span class="h2">V. Residence 5 years ago and educational characteristics</span><br />For individuals 5 years of age and older<br />[Questions 10 to 12a were asked of people 5 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A426"><span class="em">If "no grade" or up to 3rd grade of primary is marked and over 10 years of age, ask:</span><br /><br />12a. Are you able to read and write?<br /><div class="i1">(Mark yes only if able to do both)<br /><br />[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether the person is able to read and write. IPUMS Sex <svar a="all" v="PA90A427">2. Sex<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Male<br />[] 2 Female</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 1 Male 2 Female This variable indicates the gender of the person. IPUMS Without income <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] With income 1 Without income 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the person was with or without income last month. IPUMS Monthly income from wage or salary <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the monthly income from wage or salary. PA90A429 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99998 = Unknown 99999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Employment sector <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="PA90A431" v="PA90A431 PA90A443">19. For whom do you or did you work?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Private company?<br />[] 2 Government?<br />[] 3 Cooperative?<br />[] 4 Family house?<br />[] 5 Canal Commission?<br />[] 6 United States Armed Forces?</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force who have worked as a paid employee [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Private company 2 Government 3 Cooperative 4 Family house 5 Canal Commission 6 U.S. military This variable indicates the sector the person worked for. IPUMS Child born since May 14, 1989 <svar v="PA90A405 PA90A407 PA90A414 PA90A438 PA90A401 PA90A420 PA90A432 PA90A410"><span class="h2">VII. Fertility and Mortality Characteristics</span><br />For females 15 years of age and older.<br />[Questions 22 - 23 were asked of women aged 15 and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p>[Questions 24-25 were asked of women aged 15-49 who have given birth to live children.]</p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A401 PA90A407 PA90A420 PA90A432">24. Of your sons and daughters born alive, were any born during the period between May 14th 1989 and today?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes Date of birth: ____ [day, month, year] (Continue with question 25)<br />[] 2 No (go on to the next respondent)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Female age 15+ who had children [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Yes 2 No 9 Unknown This variable indicates whether a child was born since May 14, 1989. IPUMS Monthly income from agricultural sales <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 00000 00001 1 00002 2 00003 3 00004 4 00005 5 00006 6 00007 7 00008 8 00009 9 00010 10 00011 11 00012 12 00013 13 00014 14 00015 15 00016 16 00017 17 00018 18 00019 19 00020 20 00021 21 00022 22 00023 23 00024 24 00025 25 00026 26 00027 27 00028 28 00029 29 00030 30 00031 31 00032 32 00033 33 00034 34 00035 35 00036 36 00037 37 00038 38 00039 39 00040 40 00041 41 00042 42 00043 43 00044 44 00045 45 00046 46 00047 47 00048 48 00049 49 00050 50 00051 51 00052 52 00054 54 00055 55 00056 56 00057 57 00060 60 00061 61 00062 62 00063 63 00064 64 00065 65 00066 66 00067 67 00068 68 00070 70 00072 72 00073 73 00075 75 00076 76 00077 77 00078 78 00079 79 00080 80 00082 82 00083 83 00084 84 00085 85 00086 86 00087 87 00088 88 00089 89 00090 90 00091 91 00092 92 00093 93 00094 94 00095 95 00096 96 00097 97 00098 98 00099 99 00100 100 00101 101 00102 102 00105 105 00106 106 00108 108 00109 109 00110 110 00111 111 00113 113 00114 114 00115 115 00116 116 00117 117 00118 118 00119 119 00120 120 00122 122 00123 123 00124 124 00125 125 00128 128 00130 130 00131 131 00133 133 00134 134 00135 135 00138 138 00140 140 00141 141 00142 142 00143 143 00144 144 00145 145 00147 147 00148 148 00150 150 00152 152 00153 153 00154 154 00155 155 00156 156 00158 158 00160 160 00161 161 00163 163 00164 164 00165 165 00166 166 00170 170 00172 172 00173 173 00174 174 00175 175 00176 176 00180 180 00182 182 00183 183 00185 185 00186 186 00187 187 00190 190 00192 192 00195 195 00196 196 00200 200 00202 202 00204 204 00205 205 00208 208 00210 210 00212 212 00214 214 00215 215 00216 216 00219 219 00220 220 00221 221 00223 223 00224 224 00225 225 00226 226 00230 230 00231 231 00232 232 00235 235 00239 239 00240 240 00242 242 00243 243 00245 245 00246 246 00250 250 00252 252 00254 254 00255 255 00259 259 00260 260 00262 262 00264 264 00265 265 00270 270 00271 271 00272 272 00273 273 00274 274 00275 275 00276 276 00279 279 00280 280 00283 283 00289 289 00290 290 00292 292 00294 294 00298 298 00299 299 00300 300 00305 305 00306 306 00310 310 00312 312 00313 313 00315 315 00320 320 00328 328 00330 330 00333 333 00334 334 00338 338 00340 340 00348 348 00350 350 00352 352 00360 360 00365 365 00366 366 00370 370 00374 374 00375 375 00376 376 00379 379 00380 380 00385 385 00387 387 00388 388 00391 391 00392 392 00394 394 00396 396 00400 400 00402 402 00404 404 00408 408 00410 410 00412 412 00417 417 00420 420 00423 423 00424 424 00425 425 00429 429 00430 430 00432 432 00438 438 00445 445 00447 447 00450 450 00454 454 00464 464 00468 468 00470 470 00475 475 00476 476 00490 490 00494 494 00496 496 00499 499 00500 500 00506 506 00510 510 00514 514 00515 515 00520 520 00525 525 00526 526 00530 530 00535 535 00540 540 00544 544 00550 550 00551 551 00555 555 00560 560 00565 565 00570 570 00574 574 00580 580 00583 583 00589 589 00600 600 00605 605 00620 620 00628 628 00630 630 00640 640 00645 645 00650 650 00655 655 00670 670 00675 675 00684 684 00686 686 00700 700 00710 710 00711 711 00715 715 00720 720 00750 750 00775 775 00795 795 00800 800 00815 815 00831 831 00833 833 00850 850 00860 860 00879 879 00900 900 00924 924 00956 956 00960 960 00980 980 01000 1000 01012 1012 01049 1049 01050 1050 01100 1100 01150 1150 01155 1155 01200 1200 01230 1230 01260 1260 01290 1290 01300 1300 01340 1340 01496 1496 01500 1500 01511 1511 01560 1560 01580 1580 01600 1600 01676 1676 01700 1700 01750 1750 01800 1800 01920 1920 02000 2000 02100 2100 02200 2200 02500 2500 02700 2700 02800 2800 03000 3000 03080 3080 03240 3240 04000 4000 04500 4500 04600 4600 05000 5000 05500 5500 05600 5600 06000 6000 06600 6600 07000 7000 07538 7538 08250 8250 09000 9000 09100 9100 09452 9452 09998 9998 99998 Unknown 99999 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the monthly income from agricultural sales. IPUMS Age groups for older population <svar a="all" v="PA90A408 PA90A435">3. What is your age in complete years?<br /><div class="i1">Years _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 50+ [discrepancies: none] 1 50-54 2 55-59 3 60-64 4 65-69 5 70-74 6 75-79 7 80-84 8 85 and over 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the grouped age for older population. IPUMS Marital status recoded <svar a="all" v="PA90A411 PA90A436">4. What is your current marital status?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Consensual union<br />[] 2 Separated from a marriage<br />[] 3 Separated from a consensual union<br />[] 4 Married<br />[] 5 Divorced<br />[] 6 Widowed<br />[] 7 Single</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 12+ [discrepancies: none] 1 Consensual union (married or living together) 2 Widowed 3 Alone (except widowed) 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded marital status. IPUMS Relationship to head of household recoded <svar a="all" v="PA90A424 PA90A437">1. What is the relationship with the head of the household?<br /><div class="i1">[For person number one:]<br />[] 1 Head<br /><br />[For the rest of the household members:]<br />[] 2 Spouse of the head<br />[] 3 Son/daughter<br />[] 4 Son-/daughter-in-law<br />[] 5 Grand- or great-grandchild<br />[] 6 Mother or father of the head<br />[] 7 Mother- or father-in-law of the head<br />[] 8 Other relative<br />[] 9 Non-relative</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: All persons 1 Head of household 2 Spouse, partner 3 Father, mother 4 Father, mother-in-law 5 Son/daughter 6 Son/daughter-in-law 7 Other relative 8 Not related This variable indicates the recoded relationship to the head of household. IPUMS Number of children alive recoded <svar v="PA90A405 PA90A407 PA90A414 PA90A438 PA90A401 PA90A420 PA90A432 PA90A410"><span class="h2">VII. Fertility and Mortality Characteristics</span><br />For females 15 years of age and older.<br />[Questions 22 - 23 were asked of women aged 15 and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A414">22. How many sons and daughters born alive have you had?<br /><div class="i1">Total sons/daughters (Continue with question 23) _ _<br />[] 00 None (go on to the next respondent)</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A405 PA90A438">23. Of these, how may are alive?<br /><div class="i1">Total sons/daughters alive _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Female age 15+ [discrepancies: none] 1 None 2 1 3 2 4 3 or more 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded number of children alive. IPUMS Possession of title <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A430 PA90A439">13. What diploma or degree do you possess?<br /><div class="i1">____ (specify)<br />____ _ _ _ _<br />[] 000 None</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 1 With title 2 Without title 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the person has a title based on educational degree. IPUMS Economically active <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A400 PA90A440 PA90A441 PA90A442"><a name='49'></a>14. Principal activity of the individual: <br /><br /><div class="i1">14a. Did you work last week, or did you have a job from which you were temporarily absent?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14b. Did you look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 02 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14c. For what reason did you not look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 03 Does occasional work<br />[] 04 Looked for work before and waiting to hear<br />[] 05 Impossible to find work</div><br /><div class="i1">[If any answer above was selected,] (Continue with questions 15 - 17)</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Homemaker [specifically female]<br />[] 07 Student<br />[] 08 Retired or pensioner<br />[] 09 Rentier<br />[] 10 Other condition<br />[For responses 06 - 10], (go directly to question 21)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 1 Active 2 Inactive 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the person is economically active. IPUMS Looked for work last week <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A400 PA90A440 PA90A441 PA90A442"><a name='49'></a>14. Principal activity of the individual: <br /><br /><div class="i1">14a. Did you work last week, or did you have a job from which you were temporarily absent?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14b. Did you look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 02 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14c. For what reason did you not look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 03 Does occasional work<br />[] 04 Looked for work before and waiting to hear<br />[] 05 Impossible to find work</div><br /><div class="i1">[If any answer above was selected,] (Continue with questions 15 - 17)</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Homemaker [specifically female]<br />[] 07 Student<br />[] 08 Retired or pensioner<br />[] 09 Rentier<br />[] 10 Other condition<br />[For responses 06 - 10], (go directly to question 21)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ who did not work last week and are not collective individual [discrepancies: none] 1 Yes 2 No 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates whether the person looked for work last week. IPUMS Reason for not looking for work <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A400 PA90A440 PA90A441 PA90A442"><a name='49'></a>14. Principal activity of the individual: <br /><br /><div class="i1">14a. Did you work last week, or did you have a job from which you were temporarily absent?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 01 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14b. Did you look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 02 Yes<br />No. If no, ask</div><br /><div class="i1">14c. For what reason did you not look for work last week?</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 03 Does occasional work<br />[] 04 Looked for work before and waiting to hear<br />[] 05 Impossible to find work</div><br /><div class="i1">[If any answer above was selected,] (Continue with questions 15 - 17)</div><br /><div class="i2">[] 06 Homemaker [specifically female]<br />[] 07 Student<br />[] 08 Retired or pensioner<br />[] 09 Rentier<br />[] 10 Other condition<br />[For responses 06 - 10], (go directly to question 21)</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ who did not look for work last week and are not students [discrepancies: none] 1 Household duties 2 Retired-pensioner 3 Has occasional work 4 Rentier 5 Impossible to find/waiting for news 6 Other reason 9 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the reason for not looking for work. IPUMS Employment status <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A403 PA90A443">18. Do you work or did you work the last time as a . . .<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Paid employee? (Continue with question 19)<br />[] 2 Independent or own-account worker?<br />[] 3 Unpaid family worker?<br />[] 4 Owner?<br />[] 5 Member of a production cooperative or settlement (collective agricultural production or <span class="lang">asentamientos</span>)?<br />[For responses 2 - 5,] (go to to question 21)</div><br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="PA90A431" v="PA90A431 PA90A443">19. For whom do you or did you work?<br /><div class="i1">[] 1 Private company?<br />[] 2 Government?<br />[] 3 Cooperative?<br />[] 4 Family house?<br />[] 5 Canal Commission?<br />[] 6 United States Armed Forces?</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] NIU (not in universe) 1 Owner 2 Own-account 3 Government employee 4 Private company employee 5 US armed forces 6 Domestic service 7 Family worker 8 Production cooperative 9 Unknown This variable indicates the person's employment status. IPUMS Monthly income from work <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the monthly income from work. PA90A444 is a 5-digit numeric variable. Codes99998 = Unknown 99999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Monthly income from work recoded <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 01 Without income 02 Less than B/.75 03 B/. 75-99 04 B/. 100-149 05 B/. 150-249 06 B/. 250-369 07 B/. 370-499 08 B/. 500-999 09 B/. 1000 or more 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded monthly income from work. IPUMS Other monthly income in category <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] 01 Has no other income 02 Less than B/.75 03 B/. 75-99 04 B/. 100-149 05 B/. 150-249 06 B/. 250-369 07 B/. 370-499 08 B/. 500-999 09 B/. 1000+ 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates other monthly income in categories. IPUMS Total monthly income <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A056 PA90A406 PA90A416 PA90A428 PA90A429 PA90A433 PA90A444 PA90A445 PA90A446 PA90A447 PA90A448">21. What was your income last month from:<br /><div class="i1">a. Wage or salary from job? B/. _ _ _ _<br />b. Income from independent or own-account work? B/. _ _ _ _<br />c. Agricultural sales? B/. _ _ _ _<br />d. Retirement, pensions, scholarships, family assistance, rental and rents income, or subsidies? B/. _ _ _ _<br />e.Without income</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ [discrepancies: none] This variable indicates the total monthly income. PA90A447 is a 4-digit numeric variable. Codes9998 = Unknown 9999 = NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Occupation recoded <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A423 PA90A449 PA90A452">15. What occupation, position or job did you do last week or the last time you were employed?<br /><br />(If the person has never had any job, write "never worked" and skip to question 21. If the person has more than one job, write the occupation that produces the highest income.)<br /><br /><div class="i1">Specify the occupation ________<br />_ _ _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] 01 Professionals 02 Managers 03 Office workers 04 Salespeople 05 Agricultural workers 06 Drivers 07 Craftsmen/Machinists 08 Manual laborers/day workers 09 Personal services 11 Never worked 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded occupation. IPUMS Industries recoded <svar v="PA90A430 PA90A439 PA90A400 PA90A441 PA90A442 PA90A423 PA90A440 PA90A449 PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451 PA90A452"><span class="h2">VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.</span><br />For individuals 10 years of age and older<br />[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]<br /></svar></p> <p><svar a="all" v="PA90A425 PA90A450 PA90A451">17. What is done at the business, establishment, company or institution where you work or worked?<br /><div class="i1">Specify principal activity of the company ________<br />_ _ _ _</div><br /></svar> Panama 1990: Persons age 10+ in the labor force [discrepancies: none] 01 Agriculture, stockbreeding, hunting, forestry 02 Fisheries 03 Mining and quarrying 04 Manufacturing industries 05 Electricity, gas, and water 06 Construction 07 Wholesale and retail trade 08 Hotels/restaurants 09 Land and pipe transportation 10 Financial intermediation 11 Real estate activities and rental business 12 Public administration, national defense, and compulsory insurance programs 13 Education 14 Social and health services 15 Other communal, social, and personal service activities 16 Private homes with domestic service 17 Extraterritorial entities and organizations 18 Activities not well specified 98 Unknown 99 NIU (not in universe) This variable indicates the recoded industries. IPUMS