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Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-2006, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. Data is used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.\n\nThe Innovation Follow-up Survey was launched in 2011 to study innovation and innovation-related activities. \n\nDuring 2011-2014, 19 countries in Africa and South Asia already included in the standard Enterprise Survey have been surveyed using the innovation module. The countries are: Congo DRC, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in Africa and Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan in South Asia."},"version_statement":{"version":"v01"},"study_info":{"abstract":"In 2011 the World Bank in collaboration with the Department for International Development (DFID), launched the follow-up survey to the standard World Bank Enterprise Survey (ES) aiming to improve the measurement of innovation in emerging economies and developing countries. \n\nResearchers re-visited firms already interviewed during the ES to collect firms-level data on innovation and innovation-related activities, such as product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation. \n\nThe objectives of the Innovation Follow-up Survey are:\n- To provide evidence on nature, role and determinants of innovation in emerging and developing countries; \n- To generate information that will be used to identify projects and develop policies to promote innovation; \n- To stimulate systematic policy dialogue on the importance of innovation as a driver of private sector development and economic growth at the global level. \n\nIn Ghana, the survey was administered to a subset of ES respondents randomly selected in order to have a final sample of 75% of the original ES; 549 successful interviews were performed. Business owners and top managers were interviewed from January 2014 through August 2014.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2014-01","end":"2014-08","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Ghana","abbreviation":"GHA"}],"geog_coverage":"National","analysis_unit":"The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.","universe":"The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural private economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors. Companies with 100% government ownership are not eligible to participate in the Enterprise Surveys.","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"The scope of the study includes:\n- product innovation\n- process innovation\n- organizational innovation\n- marketing innovation\n- innovation activities\n- use of information technologies.","study_scope":"The scope of the study includes:\n- product innovation\n- process innovation\n- organizational innovation\n- marketing innovation\n- innovation activities\n- use of information technologies."},"method":{"data_collection":{"sampling_procedure":"Respondents were randomly selected from a list of establishments interviewed for Ghana 2013 Enterprise Survey. 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