{"type":"survey","doc_desc":{"title":"Global Youth Tobacco Survey","idno":"DDI_MMR_2004_GYTS_v01_M_WB","producers":[{"name":"Development Economics Data Group","abbreviation":"DECDG","affiliation":"The World Bank","role":"Documentation of the DDI"}],"prod_date":"2015","version_statement":{"version":"Version 01 (July 2015)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"MMR_2004_GYTS_v01_M","title":"Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2004","alt_title":"GYTS 2004"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","affiliation":""},{"name":"World Health Organization","affiliation":""}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Department of Health","affiliation":"","role":""}]},"distribution_statement":{"distributors":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd Atlanta GA 30333 United States Tel 1-800-311-3435 Fax 1-770-488-4760 Web http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/","abbreviation":"","affiliation":"","uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI)","affiliation":"WHO Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases","email":"tfi@who.int","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Household Survey & Census"},"study_info":{"abstract":"The Myanmar Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2004 aims to describe the prevalence of cigarette and other tobacco use as well as information on five determinants of tobacco use of 8th, 9th and 10th students in Myanmar: access\/availability and price, environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS), cessation, media and advertising, and school curriculum. These determinants are components of the comprehensive tobacco control programme of Myanmar. The report also describes the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding to tobacco use, the extent to which they receive anti-tobacco information in schools and from media and the extent they were exposed to pro-tobacco messages.\n\nGYTS is a school-based tobacco specific survey which focuses on adolescents age 13 to 15. It assesses students\u2019 attitudes, knowledge and behaviours related to tobacco use and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, as well as youth exposure to prevention curriculum in school, community programmes, and media messages aimed at preventing and education youth tobacco use. The GYTS also contains information on where tobacco products are obtained and used, and information related to the effectiveness of enforcement measures.\n\nIn 1998, the World Health Organization (WHO) Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI) and the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) began work on the development and implementation of a Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), as part of the WHO\/ UNICEF supported project on youth and tobacco.\n\nGYTS is a project for international surveillance and comparisons of tobacco use, which is intended to enhance the capacity of countries to monitor tobacco use among youth, and to guide the implementation and evaluation of tobacco prevention and control programmes.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2004-04","end":"2004-04","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Myanmar","abbreviation":"MMR"}],"geog_coverage":"Not specified","analysis_unit":"Adolescents age 13 to 15","data_kind":"Sample survey data [ssd]","notes":"Content of GYTS\n\u00b7 Smoking status of youth\n\u00b7 Age of initiation of tobacco use\n\u00b7 Number of cigarettes and tobacco products smoked in lifetime\n\u00b7 Frequency of smoking\n\u00b7 Likelihood of smoking\n\u00b7 Knowledge and attitudes towards smoking\n\u00b7 Knowledge and attitude towards cessation\n\u00b7 Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) \u2013amount\/duration\n\u00b7 Access to cigarettes\n\u00b7 Exposure to media and advertising\n\u00b7 School curriculum","study_scope":"Content of GYTS\n\u00b7 Smoking status of youth\n\u00b7 Age of initiation of tobacco use\n\u00b7 Number of cigarettes and tobacco products smoked in lifetime\n\u00b7 Frequency of smoking\n\u00b7 Likelihood of smoking\n\u00b7 Knowledge and attitudes towards smoking\n\u00b7 Knowledge and attitude towards cessation\n\u00b7 Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) \u2013amount\/duration\n\u00b7 Access to cigarettes\n\u00b7 Exposure to media and advertising\n\u00b7 School curriculum"},"method":{"data_collection":{"sampling_procedure":"The GYTS survey sample design is a 2-stage design. For the first stage of sampling, schools were selected randomly within the grade range specified with a probability proportional to enrollment size. At the second stage, classes were randomly selected from within the selected schools and all the students within a class were surveyed. The sampling frame usually consists of 3 or 4 grades\/ forms that capture most of students ages 13-15 years old.\n\nAt the first step, grades that capture most of 13-15 years old were identified as 8th, 9th and 10th graders. In the Myanmar Basic Education System, there are basic education primary schools, basic education middle schools and basic education high schools. Basic middle schools have grades 0 to 8, and basic high schools have either grade 0 to 10 or 5 to 10. A detailed list of all schools in the whole country with 8 to 10 grades was collected from the State and Divisional Education Departments. Name of schools, enrollment of 8, 9 and 10 students and their addresses were compiled and entered into Spreadsheets.\n\nA total of ( 3810 ) schools was eligible for the study. All schools containing eight, ninth and tenth grade that contained 40 or more students were included in the sampling frame. The list of the schools was sent to CDC, Office on Smoking and Health. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce representative sample of students in eight, ninth and tenth grade for all of Myanmar.\n\nSchool Level: The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all schools containing eight, ninth and tenth grade. A total of 100 schools were chosen proportional to enrollment size.\n\nClass level: The second sampling stage consisted of systematic equal probability sampling (with a random start) of classes from each school that participated in the survey. All classes in the selected schools were included in the sampling frame. All students in selected classes were eligible for participation.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face","research_instrument":"CDC provided a set of 56 tobacco-specific questions or \u201ccore\u201d questionnaire which would provide essential data for comparisons between countries and regions. Based on the CDC core questionnaire, a modified questionnaire was produced to according to the nature of tobacco use in Myanmar.\n\nThis questionnaire was pre-tested at a group of students at a peri-urban school in Yangon. A few modifications were made and copies of the questionnaires were duplicated to be used at the 100 schools chosen. The eligible students from the selected schools were provided with the machine readable answer sheets which were also sent from CDC. They were asked to fill in the answer sheets in response to anonymous and confidential self -administered questionnaire. They were provided with 2B pencils to fill in the circles of the answer sheets. Student anonymity and school confidentiality was ensured. Prior to each survey, the survey administrator ensured that no one will know who they are or who their school is and that their grade or CPR will not be affected because they take the survey and that the results of the survey will never be reported by name, class (section) or school.\n\nSurvey procedures were designed to protect the students\u2019 privacy by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation. The students completed the self-administered questionnaire in their classrooms, recording their responses directly on a machine readable answer sheet.\n\nThe answer sheets, school level forms and class level forms were sent to Office of Smoking and Health, CDC by DHL. The code books and preferred tables were sent back from CDC to the coordinator, TFI Project of Department of Health.","coll_situation":"An approval from the Ministry of Health was obtained to conduct the nation wide survey in April, 2004. Letters of request were sent to the Department of Educational Planning and Training and Department of Basic Education (1) (2) and (3) and State and Divisional Health Departments to collaborate with the GYTS.\n\nThe Research Coordinator was responsible for overall management of the project and functions as a liaison between other agencies or departments in the country, WHO, UNICEF, CDC and other countries conducting GYTS. The TFI Project worked closely with the School Health Project of the Department of Health to conduct the survey.\n\nTraining for survey coordinators was conducted at the Department of Health on 14th June 2004. The Research Co-coordinator and the School Health Project Manager conducted the training. The surveyors include Divisional Director from Bago Division, Assistant Director (School Health), Social workers from Yangon Division, Township Health Officers, Township Medical Officers, School Medical Officers, MCH doctors, Statisticians, Health Assistants and Public Health Supervisors.","weight":"To calculate point estimates from the GYTS data sampling weights had been used.\nA weighting factor was applied to each questionnaire to reflect the likelihood of sampling each student and to reduce bias by compensating for different patterns of non response.\nThe weight used for estimation is given by:\nW = W1 * W2 * f1 * f2 * f3 *f4\nW1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school\nW2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school\nf1 = a school-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large)\nf2 = a class adjustment factor calculated by school\nf3 = a student-level nonresponse adjustment factor calculated by class\nf4 = a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by gender and grade\nThe weighted results were used to make important inferences concerning tobacco use risk behaviours of students in eighth, ninth and tenth grades."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"Schools: 100.00%, 100 of the 100 sampled schools participated.\nStudents: 93.5%, 6,100 of the 6,524 sampled students completed usable questionnaires.\nOverall response rate: 100.00% * 93.5% = 93.5%"}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Not specified","required":"yes","form_no":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:\n- the Identification of the Primary Investigator\n- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)\n- the survey reference number\n- the source and date of download\n\nExample:\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization. Myammar Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2004, Ref. MMR_2004_GYTS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date]."}}},"data_files":[],"variables":[],"variable_groups":[]}