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Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-2006, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit. The Enterprise Surveys are conducted across all geographic regions and cover small, medium, and large companies. The surveys are administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. Data is used to create indicators that benchmark the quality of the business and investment climate across countries.\n\nThe Innovation Follow-up Survey was launched in 2011 to study innovation and innovation-related activities. \n\nDuring 2011-2014, 19 countries in Africa and South Asia already included in the standard Enterprise Survey have been surveyed using the innovation module. The countries are: Congo DRC, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe in Africa and Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan in South Asia."},"version_statement":{"version":"v01"},"study_info":{"abstract":"In 2011 the World Bank in collaboration with the Department for International Development (DFID), launched the follow-up survey to the standard World Bank Enterprise Survey (ES) aiming to improve the measurement of innovation in emerging economies and developing countries. \n\nResearchers revisited businesses already interviewed during the ES to collect firm-level data on innovation and innovation related activities, such as product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation, and marketing innovation. \n\nThe objectives of the Innovation Follow-up Survey are:\n- to provide evidence on nature, role and determinants of innovation in emerging and developing countries; \n- to generate information that will be used to identify projects and develop policies to promote innovation; \n- to stimulate systematic policy dialogue on the importance of innovation as a driver of private sector development and economic growth at the global level. \n\nIn Malawi, the survey was administered to a subset of ES respondents randomly selected in order to have a final sample of 75% of the original ES; 250 successful interviews were conducted. Business owners and top managers were interviewed from June 2014 through February 2015.\n\nThe innovation dataset can be merged with Malawi 2014 Enterprise Survey dataset using the common id variable \"idstd\".","coll_dates":[{"start":"2014-06","end":"2015-02","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Malawi","abbreviation":"MWI"}],"geog_coverage":"National","analysis_unit":"The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.","universe":"The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural private economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors. 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Malawi Enterprise Survey (ES) 2014, Innovation Follow-up Survey. Ref. MWI_2014_ES-INNOV_v01_M. 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To decrease the cost of production or offering service","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?\nTo decrease the cost of production or offering service","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"40","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"83","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V399","name":"hc10g","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"397","var_end_pos":"398","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc10g - To reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate )","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?\nTo reduce waste or errors (defect rate or rejection rate)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"81","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"42","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V400","name":"hc10h","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"399","var_end_pos":"400","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc10h - To comply with regulations or standards","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Do any of the following describe why this establishment introduced the most important new or significantly improved process?\nTo comply with regulations or standards (e.g. safety or environmental regulations)","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"80","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"42","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V401","name":"hc11a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"401","var_end_pos":"402","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc11a - New to the local market","var_qstn_qstnlit":"When the most important new or significantly improved process was introduced in this establishment, was it\nNew to the local market","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"35","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"87","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V402","name":"hc11b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"403","var_end_pos":"404","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc11b - New to the national market","var_qstn_qstnlit":"When the most important new or significantly improved process was introduced in this establishment, was it\nNew to the national market","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"103","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V403","name":"hc11c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"405","var_end_pos":"406","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc11c - New to the international market","var_qstn_qstnlit":"When the most important new or significantly improved process was introduced in this establishment, was it\nNew to the international market","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"120","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V404","name":"hc12","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"407","var_end_pos":"407","var_width":"1","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc12 - How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innov","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How did this establishment develop the idea for this most important innovative process?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"3"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"By adapting a process already used by another firm","stats":"82","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"By reproducing a process already used by another firm","stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"This establishment originated this innovative process","stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V405","name":"hc13","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"408","var_end_pos":"409","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hc13 - Who developed the main new or significantly improved process?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Was the most important innovative process developed entirely by this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"125","type":"vald"},{"value":"125","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Entirely this establishment","stats":"55","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Entirely another establishment part of the same group","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Entirely another establishment independent from this  establ","stats":"47","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"This establishment in cooperation with other firms or instit","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"125","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V406","name":"hd1a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"410","var_end_pos":"411","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd1a - Number of employees reporting directly to Top Manager in fiscal year 2013","var_qstn_preqtxt":"I would now like to ask you some questions related to innovation in organization or management. 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Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2013","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], how many layers of direct reporting were there in this establishment from the Top Manager down to the lowest-level of employee?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"10"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V409","name":"hd2b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"416","var_end_pos":"417","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd2b - Number of layers of direct reporting in fiscal year 2011","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY-2], how many layers of direct reporting were there in this establishment from the Top Manager down to the lowest-level of employee?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"0","max":"16"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"105","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":null,"stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"16","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"105","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V410","name":"hd3a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"418","var_end_pos":"419","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd3a - Create a new unit or department","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the establishment make any changes in its organizational structure in any of the following ways:\nCreate a new unit or department","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"39","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"65","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V411","name":"hd3b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"420","var_end_pos":"421","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd3b - Dissolve any units or department","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the establishment make any changes in its organizational structure in any of the following ways:\nDissolve any units or department","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"79","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V412","name":"hd3c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"422","var_end_pos":"423","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd3c - Merge any units or department","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the establishment make any changes in its organizational structure in any of the following ways:\nMerge any units or department","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"75","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V413","name":"hd7","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"424","var_end_pos":"425","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd7 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment contract other fir","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment contract other firms to perform any activities previously done in-house (outsourcing)?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"76","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V414","name":"hd8","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"426","var_end_pos":"427","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd8 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment start doing in-hou","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment start doing in-house any activities previously contracted to other firms (insourcing)?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"34","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"70","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V415","name":"hd4","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"428","var_end_pos":"429","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd4 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any change in the method of hiring employees, excluding managerial and supervisory staff?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"36","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"68","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V416","name":"hd5","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"430","var_end_pos":"431","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd5 - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013, did this establishment introduce any chan","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce any change in the method of hiring managerial and supervisory staff?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"31","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"72","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V417","name":"hd6a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"432","var_end_pos":"433","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd6a - Suppliers or customers","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from\nSuppliers or customers","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"66","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"37","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V418","name":"hd6b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"434","var_end_pos":"435","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd6b - Trade associations or workshops","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from\nTrade associations or workshops","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"57","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"46","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V419","name":"hd6c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"436","var_end_pos":"437","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd6c - New employees","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from\nNew employees","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"47","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"55","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V420","name":"hd6d","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"438","var_end_pos":"439","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd6d - Competitors","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from\nCompetitors","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"65","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"38","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V421","name":"hd6e","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"440","var_end_pos":"441","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd6e - Consultants","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did the manager(s) at this establishment adopt management practices from\nConsultants","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"44","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"58","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V422","name":"hd9a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"442","var_end_pos":"443","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd9a - In fiscal year 2013 what best describes what happened at this establishme","var_qstn_preqtxt":"The next questions are about changes in management practices","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY] what best describes what happened at this establishment when a problem arose in the production process, such as a quality defect or machinery or equipment break-downs?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"There were no production process problems","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No action was taken","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Problem was fixed but no further actions were taken","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Problem was fixed and actions were taken in order to ensure","stats":"75","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V423","name":"hd9b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"444","var_end_pos":"445","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd9b - In fiscal year 2011 what best describes what happened at this establishme","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY] what best describes what happened at this establishment when a problem arose in the production process, such as a quality defect or machinery or equipment break-downs?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"There were no production process problems","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No action was taken","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Problem was fixed but no further actions were taken","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Problem was fixed and actions were taken in order to ensure","stats":"69","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V424","name":"hd10a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"446","var_end_pos":"447","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd10a - In fiscal year 2013, were key performance indicators monitored at this e","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], were key performance indicators monitored at this establishment?  Examples of performance indicators are metrics on production, cost, waste, quality, inventory, energy, absenteeism and on-time delivery.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"71","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V425","name":"hd10c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"448","var_end_pos":"449","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd10c - In fiscal year 2013, how frequently were the key performance indicators","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], how frequently were the key performance indicators reviewed by managers at this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"82","type":"vald"},{"value":"168","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yearly","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Semiannually or Quarterly","stats":"32","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Monthly","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Weekly or more frequently","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Never","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"168","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V426","name":"hd11a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"450","var_end_pos":"451","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd11a - In fiscal year 2011, were key performance indicators monitored at this e","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], were key performance indicators monitored at this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"81","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V427","name":"hd11c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"452","var_end_pos":"453","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd11c - In fiscal year 2011, how frequently were the key performance indicators","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], how frequently were the key performance indicators reviewed by managers at this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"5"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"82","type":"vald"},{"value":"168","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yearly","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Semiannually or Quarterly","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Monthly","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Weekly or more frequently","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Never","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"168","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V428","name":"hd12a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"454","var_end_pos":"455","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd12a - In fiscal year 2013, what best describes the time frame of production\/sa","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], what best describes the time frame of production\/sales targets at this establishment? (Production targets may include desired amounts of production, quality, efficiency, waste reduction, and on-time delivery).","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"104","type":"vald"},{"value":"146","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Main focus was on short-term (a year or less than a year)","stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Main focus was on long-term (more than a year)","stats":"41","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Combination of short-term and long-term","stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"No production targets","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"146","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V429","name":"hd13a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"456","var_end_pos":"457","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hd13a - In fiscal year 2011, what best describes the time frame of production\/sa","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In financial year [insert FY], what best describes the time frame of production\/sales targets at this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"4"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"145","type":"vald"},{"value":"105","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Main focus was on short-term (a year or less than a year)","stats":"33","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Main focus was on long-term (more than a year)","stats":"57","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Combination of short-term and long-term","stats":"37","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"No production targets","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"105","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V430","name":"he1a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"458","var_end_pos":"459","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"he1a - Packaging, branding, logo, name, trademark or product appearance","var_qstn_preqtxt":"I would now like to ask some questions related to any innovative marketing methods.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce or significantly change any of the following?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"77","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"165","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V431","name":"he1b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"460","var_end_pos":"461","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"he1b - Advertising methods, promitions, sales chanels or sales points","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment introduce or significantly change advertising methods, promotions, sales channels or sales points?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"132","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"114","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V432","name":"he1c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"462","var_end_pos":"463","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"he1c - Pricing strategies, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY], did this establishment introduce or significantly change pricing strategy, discount scheme, payment scheme, or customer loyalty programs.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"-7","labl":"Doesn't apply","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"128","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"118","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V433","name":"hf1a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"464","var_end_pos":"465","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf1a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct internal R","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Now, I would like to ask you a few questions about activities associated with the development of innovation.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment conduct internal R&D? (Internal R&D is defined as creative work undertaken to increase knowledge for developing innovative products and processes.)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"73","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"173","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V434","name":"hf1b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"466","var_end_pos":"473","var_width":"8","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf1b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on internal R&D?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"15000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"73","type":"vald"},{"value":"177","type":"invd"},{"value":"-9","type":"min"},{"value":"15000000","type":"max"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V435","name":"hf2a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"474","var_end_pos":"475","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf2a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment conduct external R","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment conduct external R&D? (External R&D is defined as creative work, undertaken by other enterprises, public or private research organizations, which was paid for by this establishment.)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"39","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"204","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V436","name":"hf2b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"476","var_end_pos":"483","var_width":"8","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf2b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How much did this establishment spend in total from [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on external R&D?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"25000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"57","type":"vald"},{"value":"193","type":"invd"},{"value":"-9","type":"min"},{"value":"25000000","type":"max"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V437","name":"hf3a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"484","var_end_pos":"485","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf3a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment provide formal tra","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment provide formal training to any of its employees specifically for the development and\/or introduction of innovative products or services and processes?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"87","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"160","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V438","name":"hf3b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"486","var_end_pos":"494","var_width":"9","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf3b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How much did this establishment spend in total from [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on that formal training?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"100000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"87","type":"vald"},{"value":"163","type":"invd"},{"value":"-9","type":"min"},{"value":"100000000","type":"max"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V439","name":"hf4a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"495","var_end_pos":"496","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf4a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase new equip","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment purchase new equipment, machinery, or software to develop or produce any innovative products or services and processes?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"61","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"186","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V440","name":"hf4b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"contin","var_start_pos":"497","var_end_pos":"505","var_width":"9","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf4b - How much did this establishment spend in total from fiscal year 2011 thru","var_qstn_qstnlit":"How much did this establishment spend in total from [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] on the purchase of that new equipment, machinery, or software?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"470000000"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"61","type":"vald"},{"value":"189","type":"invd"},{"value":"-9","type":"min"},{"value":"470000000","type":"max"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V441","name":"hf5a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"506","var_end_pos":"507","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf5a - From fiscal year 2011 thru 2013 did this establishment purchase or licens","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2] did this establishment purchase or license any patented or non-patented inventions, or other types of knowledge for the development of innovative products or services and processes?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"47","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"201","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V442","name":"hf8","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"508","var_end_pos":"509","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf8 - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment receive any non","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Between fiscal years [insert FY] and [insert FY-2], did this establishment receive any non-financial support from the government for innovation-related activities? (This includes training in the use of innovation equipment, assistance in research and product development, and assistance and training for marketing innovations)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"33","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"214","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V443","name":"hf8b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"510","var_end_pos":"511","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf8b - Between fiscal years 2011 and 2013, did this establishment spend any mone","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Between financial years [insert FY] and [insert FY-2], did this establishment spend any money on innovation activities?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"123","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"122","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V444","name":"hf7a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"512","var_end_pos":"513","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf7a - Own funds","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:\nOwn funds","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"123","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"112","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V445","name":"hf7b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"514","var_end_pos":"515","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf7b - Private or state-owned banks","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:\nPrivate or state-owned banks","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"123","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"47","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"75","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V446","name":"hf7c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"516","var_end_pos":"517","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf7c - Government agencies or departments","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:\nGovernment agencies or departments","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"123","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"113","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V447","name":"hf7d","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"518","var_end_pos":"519","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf7d - NGOs or international organizations","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:\nNGOs or international organizations","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"123","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"112","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V448","name":"hf7e","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"520","var_end_pos":"521","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf7e - Other, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From financial year [insert FY] thru [insert FY-2], did this establishment fund its innovation activities from any of the following sources:\nOther, moneylenders, friends, relatives, etc.","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"123","type":"vald"},{"value":"127","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"39","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"84","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"127","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V449","name":"hf6","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"522","var_end_pos":"523","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf6 - Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important so","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Thinking about innovation, which of the following is the most important source of information or ideas for any innovation activity for this establishment?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"12"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"In-house R&D and personnel","stats":"41","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Recent hires from other firms","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Knowledge from parent or another firm","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Suppliers","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Consultancy firms","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Business associations and conferences\/exhibits","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"Professional journals and trade publications","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"Products or services available in the market","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"Government ministries or programs","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"Universities and research institutes","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"11","labl":"Internet","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"12","labl":"Customer feedback","stats":"86","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V450","name":"hf10a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"524","var_end_pos":"525","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf10a - Did this establishment cooperate with ant of the following institutions","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?\nAny domestic firms","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"117","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"130","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V451","name":"hf10b","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"526","var_end_pos":"527","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf10b - Any foreign firms or a foreign-owned patent firm","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?\nAny foreign firms or a foreign-owned parent firm","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"64","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"182","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V452","name":"hf10c","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"528","var_end_pos":"529","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf10c - Domestic academic or research institutions","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?\nDomestic academic or research institutions","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"57","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"190","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V453","name":"hf10d","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"530","var_end_pos":"531","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf10d - Foreign academic or research institutions","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?\nForeign academic or research institutions","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"40","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"207","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V454","name":"hf10e","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"532","var_end_pos":"533","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf10e - Provare consulting company or individuals","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?\nPrivate consulting company or individuals","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"64","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"183","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V455","name":"hf10f","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"534","var_end_pos":"535","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf10f - Government","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Did this establishment cooperate with any of the following institutions for innovation related activities?\nGovernment","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"READ EACH OPTION ALOUD","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"-9","max":"2"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"250","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"-9","labl":"Don't know","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"218","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F3"},{"vid":"V456","name":"hf9a","file_id":"F3","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"536","var_end_pos":"537","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"hf9a - 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