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Risk based inspections are a key component of trade facilitation reforms aimed to reduce costs and time to trade; and yet only few studies have explored the relevance of time on trade flows and firm's behavior. \n\nThe impact evaluation consists of three modules:\n1) Module 1, conducted in Macedonia estimates the impact of improvements of risk management procedures in technical-control agencies on the compliance of imports to regulatory standards and on trade patterns in Macedonia. Impacts will be assessed using techniques such as difference in differences and propensity score matching models.\n\n2) Module 2, conducted in Albania studies the impact of delays in customs on trade patterns using detailed transaction level data from Albanian customs and examining a substantial reform in customs experienced in the 2000s. This module will take advantage of risk management reforms that occurred in the past to study elements of the causal chain that are likely to develop only long after the reform takes place. \n\n3) Module 3, conducted in Serbia assesses the costs of delays in customs for the private sector in this country. This module has two components: an econometric study that relies on detailed transaction level data from Serbian Customs Administration, and a survey of freight forwarders, the firms that manage the logistics of cross-border trade. The data from the Survey of Serbian Freight Forwarders is documented here."},"version_statement":{"version":"v01, edited anonymous dataset for public distribution"},"holdings":[{"text":"","location":"","callno":"Impact Evaluation Project Number: P153254","uri":""}],"study_info":{"abstract":"Freight forwarders play a key role in moving goods across international borders. 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Additionally, a list of 1,311 registered firms in transport and trade related activities (i.e., rail and road transport, cargo handling, etc.) with information on size measured by their number of employees was received from the National Bank of Serbia. The team conducted a screening of the firms in both lists to identify those that qualify as international freight forwarders and found that 31% of the firms complied with the screening criteria. Of those 61% were surveyed.\n\nThe final survey sample consisted of 92% small firms (with less than 50 employees) and 8% medium\/large firms (with 50 or more employees). 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This question refers to the country of origin.  If the respondent does not know the answer, type 999.","var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"Columbia","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Ethiopia","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"From Egypt and Pakistan","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Japan","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Indonesia and India","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Korea","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Korea, Ghana, Ivory Coast","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Near East","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"South Africa, Vietnam, Russia","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"South Americas","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"South Korea","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Switzerland, Taiwan","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Taiwan, Turkey","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"The countries of Asia, Taiwan, India, Indonesia","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Turkey","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Turkey, Taiwan, India","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"Vietnam, India and Kazakhstan","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V25","name":"d5_6x_1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"358","var_end_pos":"359","var_width":"2","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Other, what?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What share of your import consignments originates\u2026Other?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Percentages must sum up to 100%! This question refers to the country of origin.  If the respondent does not know the answer, type 999.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"7","max":"11"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"21","type":"vald"},{"value":"130","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"7","labl":"Turkey","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"The countries of Asia","stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"Africa","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"South America","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"11","labl":"Other countries \/ other continents","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"130","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V26","name":"d7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"360","var_end_pos":"365","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"What share of your shipments use combined transport or multimodal transport (air","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What share of your shipments use combined transport or multimodal transport (air, road, rail, sea)?","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Single response. Show card D6","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"75% or more","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"50-75%","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"25-49%","stats":"12","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Less than 25%","stats":"79","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Zero","stats":"35","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V27","name":"e1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"366","var_end_pos":"371","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Do you consolidate import shipments of different products?","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From your experience, do your clients consolidate import shipments of different products\/ clients (that is, make consolidate shipments)?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Always","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Frequently","stats":"68","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Sometimes","stats":"42","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Rarely","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Never","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V28","name":"e1a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"372","var_end_pos":"377","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"From your experience, do your clients usually consolidate import shipments of di","var_qstn_qstnlit":"From your experience, do your clients usually consolidate import shipments of different products or from different clients?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"131","type":"vald"},{"value":"20","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Combine products of different clients","stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Combine different products of the same client","stats":"45","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Combine different products and involve more clients into a single shipment","stats":"56","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"20","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V29","name":"e2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"378","var_end_pos":"383","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Based on your experience, how much more do you earn on one consolidated shipment","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Based on your experience, how much more do you earn on one consolidated shipment (relative to non-consolidated shipment)?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"131","type":"vald"},{"value":"20","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"1 to 5 %","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"5 to 10%","stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"10 do 20%","stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"20 do 50%","stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"More than 50%","stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"20","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V30","name":"e2a","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"384","var_end_pos":"389","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Consider a shipment of your most traded product. How much time is expected for y","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Consider a shipment of your most traded product. How much time is expected for your typical shipment to go through customs clearance.\n\nBy \"custom  clearance\" meant a procedures done by by the customs and non-customs agencies. (Fito, Fito food, veterinary and other inspections) which could be done on a border outpost or other place where the state services inspect imports. 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(i.e. \"intensive physical inspection\" (customs and noncustoms inspection) means that packaging is opened and goods themselves are inspected)","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"93","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"53","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V33","name":"e5","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"402","var_end_pos":"407","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"In your experience does the consolidation of shipments increase the risk of dela","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In your experience does the consolidation of shipments increase the risk of delays in customs clearance at the border post or terminals?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"120","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V34","name":"e6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"408","var_end_pos":"413","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"In your experience do intensive physical inspections frequently lead to extended","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In your experience do intensive physical inspections frequently lead to extended delays in customs clearance at the border post or terminals?  Remember that by \"custom clearance\" we mean procedures done by the customs and non-customs agencies.","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Yes","stats":"93","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"No","stats":"57","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V35","name":"e7","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"414","var_end_pos":"419","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"What is your normal response to delays at the border?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is your normal response to delays in customs clearance at the border post or terminals?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Absorb losses (shipment continues as normal to initial destination, freight forw","stats":"75","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Redirect shipments (shipping to nearby city instead - so goods don t spoil, for","stats":"31","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Driver responds (driving faster\/longer)","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"95","labl":"Other","stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V36","name":"e7x1","file_id":"F1","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"420","var_end_pos":"531","var_width":"112","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"What is your normal response to delays at the border? - Other","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"What is your normal response to delays in customs clearance at the border post or terminals?","var_sumstat":[{"value":"16","type":"vald"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"All of them are aware that they live in Serbia","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Conducting inspections","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Honest, real situation and problem description","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"I contact the customs offices or border outposts to speed up","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"I don't have such situations","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"I make pressure to prevent delays","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"In case of computer system breakdown in customs","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"It is a specific outpost so there are no delays, our client is  500 m from border crossing","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"No transport engaged","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Shipment continues, but I do not bear any responsibility","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"There are no changes","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"There are no costs","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"We do not react any more","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"We inform, the clients about real situation and communicate with customs inspections and we speed up the process","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"We mainly combine all three combinations","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"We sit and wait","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"character","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V37","name":"e7x1_1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"532","var_end_pos":"537","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"What is your normal response to delays at the border? 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In what propor","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"In your experience in what proportion of cases does it happen that the shipment spends at least one night in customs clearance at the border post or terminal?","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"0","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"0","labl":null,"stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"42","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":null,"stats":"31","type":"freq"},{"value":"15","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"20","labl":null,"stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"25","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"30","labl":null,"stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"35","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"40","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"50","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"90","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"95","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"100","labl":null,"stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V40","name":"e10_1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"550","var_end_pos":"555","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"First cause - Indicate the top 3 causes for the unexpected delays in customs cle","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Please indicate the top 3 causes for the unexpected delays at the border post or terminals for one night or more.","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Multiple responses. Up to 3 answers. Show card E10","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"151","type":"vald"},{"value":"0","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Traffic elsewhere on the route","stats":"5","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Driver decisions\/performance","stats":"3","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Other counterparties  decisions\/performance","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Trading in goods that require lengthy inspection","stats":"32","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Congestion at the border post","stats":"37","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Performance of the customs agency","stats":"14","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"Performance of non-customs agencies","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"Operating hours of the border post","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"Inadequate documentation","stats":"44","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"Other, what?","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V41","name":"e10_2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"556","var_end_pos":"561","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Second cause","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Please indicate the top 3 causes for the unexpected delays at the border post or terminals for one night or more.","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Multiple responses. Up to 3 answers. Show card E10","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"150","type":"vald"},{"value":"1","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Traffic elsewhere on the route","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Driver decisions\/performance","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Other counterparties  decisions\/performance","stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Trading in goods that require lengthy inspection","stats":"22","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Congestion at the border post","stats":"48","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Performance of the customs agency","stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"Performance of non-customs agencies","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"Operating hours of the border post","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"Inadequate documentation","stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"Other, what?","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V42","name":"e10_3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"562","var_end_pos":"567","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Third cause","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"Please indicate the top 3 causes for the unexpected delays at the border post or terminals for one night or more.","var_qstn_ivulnstr":"Multiple responses. Up to 3 answers. Show card E10","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"144","type":"vald"},{"value":"7","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":"Traffic elsewhere on the route","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":"Driver decisions\/performance","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":"Other counterparties  decisions\/performance","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":"Trading in goods that require lengthy inspection","stats":"20","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":"Congestion at the border post","stats":"13","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":"Performance of the customs agency","stats":"23","type":"freq"},{"value":"7","labl":"Performance of non-customs agencies","stats":"18","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"Operating hours of the border post","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"Inadequate documentation","stats":"44","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"Other, what?","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V43","name":"e11_1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"568","var_end_pos":"573","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Corruption - If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) are","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance \nCorruption","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"139","type":"vald"},{"value":"12","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"53","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"9","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V44","name":"e11_2","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"574","var_end_pos":"579","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Understaffing","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nUnderstaffing","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"139","type":"vald"},{"value":"12","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"34","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"16","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V45","name":"e11_3","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"580","var_end_pos":"585","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Poor training","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nPoor training","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"139","type":"vald"},{"value":"12","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"32","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"30","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"25","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"27","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"17","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V46","name":"e11_4","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"586","var_end_pos":"591","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Lack of automation","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nLack of automation","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"139","type":"vald"},{"value":"12","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"31","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"34","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"26","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"11","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V47","name":"e11_5","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"592","var_end_pos":"597","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Insufficient physical infrastructure at the border","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nInsufficient physical infrastructure at the border and\/or terminal","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"139","type":"vald"},{"value":"12","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"29","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"21","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"28","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"24","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"8","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V48","name":"e11_6","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"598","var_end_pos":"603","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Other","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nOther","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"1","max":"888999"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"139","type":"vald"},{"value":"12","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"1","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"2","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"3","labl":null,"stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"4","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"5","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"6","labl":null,"stats":"15","type":"freq"},{"value":"888997","labl":"DK","stats":"106","type":"freq"},{"value":"888999","labl":"MISS","stats":"0","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"12","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V49","name":"e11_6x","file_id":"F1","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"604","var_end_pos":"847","var_width":"244","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Other, what?","var_qstn_preqtxt":"Read to respondent: In following questions (E3 - E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nOther","var_sumstat":[{"value":"33","type":"vald"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"Absence of focus on work","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Arrogance of the workers","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Because of bad documents, improperly prepared job","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Breakdown of information system","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Crowd on border crossing","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Crowds","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Cumulative shipments, storage, other services, sanitary, veterinarian","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Disinterest of customs and non-customs officers in procedures","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Inappropriate documentation (some documents are missing)","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Legal regulations","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Negligence, they do not want to work, the customs officers think that they are more important than the state","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"On border crossing shortage of storage space on terminal","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Physical inspection","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Poor organization of workers","labl":null,"stats":"2","type":"freq"},{"value":"Problems on other side of the border","labl":null,"stats":"1","type":"freq"},{"value":"Regulations - 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E11) we ask about \"delays in customs clearance.\" The word \"delay\" here means a period of time that is both unexpected and long enough to risk a breach of contractual obligations.","var_qstn_qstnlit":"If the performance of border agencies (customs and non-customs) at the border post or terminals are among the main causes for unexpected delays in customs clearance, please rank the following in terms of importance\nOther","var_val_range":[{"units":"REAL","min":"7","max":"11"}],"var_sumstat":[{"value":"33","type":"vald"},{"value":"118","type":"invd"}],"var_catgry":[{"value":"7","labl":"Self-will, negligence, indifference of officers","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"8","labl":"Eternal factors (crowds, weather conditions, system collapse)","stats":"10","type":"freq"},{"value":"9","labl":"Problems with documents\/ legal regulations","stats":"6","type":"freq"},{"value":"10","labl":"Organization of work\/ shifts\/ working hours","stats":"7","type":"freq"},{"value":"11","labl":"Time required for checking\/ obtaining certificates, analyses","stats":"4","type":"freq"},{"value":"Sysmiss","labl":null,"stats":"118","type":"freq"}],"var_format":"numeric","var_format_schema":"other","fid":"F1"},{"vid":"V51","name":"e12_1","file_id":"F1","var_dcml":"0","var_intrvl":"discrete","var_start_pos":"850","var_end_pos":"855","var_width":"6","var_rec_seg_no":"1","labl":"Date of delivery? - 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How large are the penalties in this case? 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