<_value> NADA Life in Transition Survey 2016 LITS 2016 ECA_2016_LITS_v01_M European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) World Bank NADA ECA Team for Statistical Development ECA Team for Statistical Development Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies] The Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) is a combined household and attitudinal survey conducted in the transition region jointly by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the World Bank. The LiTS has been undertaken twice: the first round was conducted in 2006 and included 29 of our countries of operation; the second round was conducted in 2010 and included 30 of our countries of operation as well as five western European comparator countries. A version of the LiTS that focuses on Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (SEMED) countries will soon be in the field. Version 01 The LiTS has become a critical data source for the EBRD. It allows us to understand how transition has affected the lives of people in the region, and how economic characteristics and experiences affect people's views on issues such as markets, the role of the state, trust, happiness, and prospects for the future. Since the first LiTS round in 2006, three Transition Reports - the EBRD's flagship publication - have been primarily or partly based on the LiTS. LiTS data are also used to support our project work on economic inclusion and the new “Investment Climate and Governance Initiative”. The LiTS is also an important public good. It has been extensively used by the policy and research community in analyzing economic and social problems in the transition region. This encompasses a diverse range of topics including financial development, the impact of the 2008-09 crisis, institutions, corruption, public services, social inclusion, happiness, and social trust. The LITS III aimed to achieve the following objectives: - To provide feedback from households on the state of transition in client countries. This is a continued objective of the LiTS from the time of its inception to now and remains the driving objective behind the LiTS. - To assess the relationships between life satisfaction and living standards, poverty and inequality, trust in state institutions, satisfaction with public services, and attitudes to a market economy and democracy throughout the region. Though similar to LiTS II in this objective, LiTS III took this a step further with the inclusion of a gendered asset module to identify inequalities in ownership within households and by asking further probing questions regarding perception of institutions. - To formulate a better understanding of labour markets and entrepreneurship in the region. LiTS III features enhanced labour and entrepreneurship modules, which seek to build on the work of LiTS II as well as understand the type of jobs that people desire, the contractual arrangements employees have, what sectors people are working in, and what are the obstacles to enterprise success that people face. The LiTS III also contains a new unemployment module that strives to identify why people cannot find jobs, the avenues utilized to seek employment opportunities, and if and why job offers have been refused. - To identify migration movements within the region. The LiTS III included more questions on migration, including past migration patterns of the family, the present location of emigrated family members, and the willingness/desire of people to move within the transition region and the EU for greater economic opportunities. - To collect data that will make it possible to analyze average changes in the region over time. The design of the LiTS continues to allow the EBRD to track the average changes in the transition region over time. - To stimulate systematic policy dialogue on the transition environment and to help shape the agenda for reform. The LITS III is implemented in 32 transition economies: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine and Uzbekistan, and in two comparator countries: Germany and Italy. Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Estonia Georgia Greece Croatia Hungary Italy Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Kosovo Lithuania Latvia Moldova North Macedonia Montenegro Mongolia Poland Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovak Republic Slovenia Tajikistan Turkiye Ukraine Uzbekistan National Household, individual Sample survey data [ssd] The scope of the study includes: - Household roster: - Dwelling and assets; - Attitudes and values; - Employment; - Unemployment; - Entrepreneurial activities; - Governance; - Miscellaneous questions; - Impact of the crisis and austerity. The sample design for LITS III aimed at providing more consistency with the previous round of the survey. Given the larger sample size of 1,500 households, compared with 1,000 households in most countries in the previous round, EBRD and the World Bank requested to conduct 1,000 interviews in those PSUs where fieldwork took place in 2010, and the remaining 500 interviews in newly selected PSUs. In those countries where LiTS was taking place the first time (Cyprus and Greece), the sample was drawn afresh. The standard approach to sample design in each country was multi-stage random probability stratified clustered sampling. The sample was stratified by geographical region and level of urbanity. Given the average PSU target size of 20 achieved interviews, 75 PSUs were selected in each country. As a general principle, in each country where LiTS II was conducted, 50 PSUs were selected from the previous round of the survey and new 25 PSUs were added to the sample design. In countries in which LiTS II sample comprised 75 PSUs, i.e. Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Serbia and Poland, all 75 PSUs were to used again for fieldwork. In each country the target was to achieve 20 household interviews in each PSU. Selecting more PSUs and conducting fewer interviews in each PSU was allowed as it positively impacts on the sample design effect. In each household one, two or three respondents were interviewed; an interview was considered complete only when all sections of the questionnaire were completed. Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire was developed by EBRD and the World Bank with guidance and input from academics, policy specialists and TNS Opinion. The questionnaire replicates and builds on the most important elements of the 2006 and 2010 Survey instrument. It also includes some entirely new or significantly enhanced sections relating to: labour issues, gender of asset ownership and migration of labour force. To accommodate these new questions, the module on climate change was dropped, the previous asset and income questions were dropped in favour of these redesigned questions, and the crisis impact module was reduced to make way for the questions on migration. To aid the development of the questionnaire, pilot survey was conducted prior to the main fieldwork. The data was collected in each country using different types of scripting software. Following the initial data processing, the datafiles were transferred to a single data processing centre, using single datamap. Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the Identification of the Primary Investigator - the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation) - the survey reference number - the source and date of download European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. ECA Life in Transition Survey (LITS) 2016, Ref. ECA_2016_LITS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date]. The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.