DDI_TUR_2005_ES_v01_M_WB
Antonina Redko
<_value>
NADA
Version 01
Enterprise Survey 2005
ES 2005
TUR_2005_ES_v01_M_WB
World Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
NADA
World Bank
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
Firm-level surveys have been conducted since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. This survey is part of the third round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS III), a joint initiative of the World Bank Group ("WB") and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ("EBRD"). The initial goal of the study is to better understand conditions for doing business in the targeted country and how they compare to other countries. The ultimate goal of the research is to advise governments on ways to change policies and practices that impose a burden on private firms and to develop new projects and programs that strengthen support for enterprise growth.
This research was conducted in Turkey from March 10 to April 20, 2005, as part of the third round of the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey. The objective of the study is to obtain feedback from enterprises in client countries on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through face-to-face interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.
The survey topics include firm characteristics, information about sales/suppliers, competition, infrastructure services, judiciary/law enforcement collaboration, security, government policies/laws/regulations, financing, overall business environment, bribery, capacity utilization, performance and investment activities, and workforce composition.
Turkiye
National
The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment.
The manufacturing and services sectors are the primary business sectors of interest.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Synovate
The information below is taken from "The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) 2005: A brief report on observations, experiences and methodology from the survey" prepared by Synovate, a research company that implemented BEEPS III instrument.
The general targeted distributional criteria of the sample for BEEPS III countries were to be as follows:
1) Coverage of countries: The BEEPS III instrument was to be administered to approximately 9,500 enterprises in 28 transition economies: 16 from CEEE (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, FR Yugoslavia, FYROM, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Turkey) and 12 from the CIS (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan).
2) Sector: In each country, the sectoral composition of the sample in terms of manufacturing (including agro-processing) (1) versus services (including commerce) (2)was to be determined by their relative contribution to GDP. Firms that operate in sectors subject to government price regulation and prudential supervision, such as banking, electric power, rail transport, and water and waste water, were to be excluded from the design of the sample.
3) Size: At least 10% of the sample was to be in the small (3) and 10% in the large size categories. Firms with only one employee or more than 10,000 employees were to be excluded.
4) Ownership: At least 10% of the firms were to have foreign control (4) and 10% state control (4).
5) Exporters: At least 10% of the firms were to be exporters (5), meaning that some significant share of their output is exported.
6) Location: At least 10% of firms were to be in the category "small city/countryside" (6).
7) BEEPS 2002 sample coverage: The BEEPS III survey instrument was to be administered to a given proportion of respondents who participated in BEEPS 2002 and had agreed in principle, at that time, to participate in future rounds of the BEEPS.
Enterprises, which began operations in 2002, 2003 and 2004, were to be excluded from the survey.
(1). Mining and quarrying (Section C: 10-14), Construction (Section F: 45), Manufacturing (Section D: 15-37)
(2). Transportation, storage and communications (Section I: 60-64), Wholesale, retail, repairs (Section G: 50-52), Real estate, business services (Section K: 70-74), Hotels and restaurants (Section H: 55), Other community, social and personal activities (Section O: selected groups)
(3). Small=2-49 employees, Medium=50-249, Large=250 - 9,999
(4). More than 50% shareholding
(5). Exports 20% or more of total sales
(6). Population under 50,000 inhabitants
8) The following sources of information were used to prepare the sample frame for Turkey:
General Census of Industry and Business Establishments;
Data from the State Institute of Statistics.
Face-to-face [f2f]
The current survey instruments are available:
- Screener and Main Questionnaires.
The survey topics include firm characteristics, information about sales/suppliers, competition, infrastructure services, judiciary/law enforcement collaboration, security, government policies/laws/regulations, financing, overall business environment, bribery, capacity utilization, performance and investment activities, and workforce composition.
Private contractors conduct the Enterprise Surveys on behalf of the World Bank. Due to sensitive survey questions addressing business-government relations and corruption-related topics, private contractors are preferred over any government agency or an organization/institution associated with government, and are hired by the World Bank to collect the data.
The surveys were implemented following a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, a screener questionnaire was applied over the phone to determine eligibility and to make appointments; in the second stage, a face-to-face interview took place with the Manager/Owner/Director of each establishment. Sometimes the survey respondent called company accountants and human resource managers into the interview to answer questions in the sales and labor sections of the survey.
All Enterprise Surveys are conducted in the local languages.
In Turkey, the number of targeted interviews was 550; 557 interviews were completed. To meet the quotas, in some countries it was necessary to over-sample.
A minimum of 30% call-back checks (100% in Russia and the Asian Republics) were made in order to verify and clarify responses.
Data entry and first checking and validation of the results were undertaken locally. Final checking and validation of the results were made at Synovate Head Office.
Confidentiality of the survey respondents and the sensitive information they provide is necessary to ensure the greatest degree of survey participation, integrity and confidence in the quality of the data. Surveys are usually carried out in cooperation with business organizations and government agencies promoting job creation and economic growth, but confidentiality is never compromised.
Where necessary please site the source as "Enterprise Analysis Unit - World Bank Group https://www.enterprisesurveys.org"
Aggregate indicators based on Enterprise Survey data are available to the public at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org
Firm-level data is also available to the public free-of-charge. In order to access the firm-level data, users must agree to abide by a strict confidentiality agreement available through Enterprise Analysis Unit website by clicking on "External users register here" at https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/Portal
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Turkey-2005--full data-5
The file contains the cleaned, raw database.
557
419
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
WEB STD FIRMID
557
Unique ID for each observation
Serial number
557
557
1
FYROM
2
Yugoslavia
3
Albania
4
Croatia
5
Turkey
6
Bosnia
7
Slovenia
8
Poland
9
Ukraine
10
Belarus
11
Hungary
12
Czech Rep.
13
Slovakia
14
Romania
15
Bulgaria
16
Moldova
17
Latvia
18
Lithuania
19
Estonia
20
Georgia
21
Armenia
22
Kazakhstan
23
Azerbaijan
24
Uzbekistan
26
Russia
27
Tajikistan
28
Kyrgyzstan
If Serbia and Montenegro
557
1
Serbia
2
Montenegro
Sysmiss
557
1
Capital
2
Other, over 1 MLN
3
Other, 250K-1MLN
4
Other, 50K-250K
5
Under 50K
City/town/village
557
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Region/oblast
557
1
2
3
4
5
Panel enterprise interviewed in BEEPS 2002
557
1
Yes
2
No
IF THIS FIRM WAS INTERVIEWED IN BEEPS 2002, WRITE DOWN ITS SERIAL NUMBER IN 2002 FROM THE PANEL DATABASE PROVIDED
Serial number of firm in BEEPS 2002
47
510
COMPLETE TABLE 6 AND TABLE 7 IF ENTERPRISE IS INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY SURVEY, IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, MOLDOVA, AND KAZAKHSTAN
557
1
Armenia
2
Azerbaijan
3
Poland
4
Hungary
5
Romania
6
Moldova
7
Kazakhstan
Sysmiss
COMPLETE TABLE 6 AND TABLE 7 IF ENTERPRISE IS INCLUDED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY SURVEY, IN ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, POLAND, HUNGARY, ROMANIA, MOLDOVA, AND KAZAKHSTAN
557
1
Region A
2
Region B
3
Region C
4
Region D
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE FOR POLAND AND MOLDOVA ONLY
557
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: COMPLETE FOR POLAND AND MOLDOVA ONLY
557
Sysmiss
IF THIS FIRM WAS INTERVIEWED IN THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY BEEPS IN 2003, WRITE DOWN ITS SERIAL NUMBER IN 2003 FROM THE MANUFACTURING OVERLAY PANEL DATABASE PROVIDED
Serial number of firm in manufacturing overlay BEEPS in 2003
557
Sysmiss
Good morning/afternoon/evening We have been commissioned by the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, in cooperation with the World Bank to carry out a survey of business in our country. They want to understand better the conditions for doing business in your country. I am calling from ……………a market research company. Could I please speak to the person who normally represents the company for official purposes, that is who normally deals with banks or government agencies/institutions?
IF PERSON IS UNAVAILABLE, ARRANGE A CONVENIENT TIME AND CALL BACK. WHEN PUT THROUGH, CONTINUE.
Good morning/afternoon/evening. I am …… from ……. a market research company. We are carrying out a survey of business like yours on behalf of the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development in cooperation with the World Bank. For classification purposes, could you please answer some preliminary questions? Thank you.
Do you normally represent this company when dealing with banks or government institutions?
1) GO TO S.1a
2) ASK TO BE PUT THROUGH TO CORRECT PERSON AND REINTRODUCE
557
1
In what year did your firm begin operations in this country?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE FIRM BEGAN OPERATIONS IN 2002, 2003 OR 2004 THANK AND TERMINATE
557
1913
1914
1920
1921
1941
1942
1945
1948
1949
1950
1951
1955
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1965
1967
1969
1970
1971
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
What is the legal status of this company?
ONLY ONE ANSWER ALLOWED
557
1
Single proprietorship
2
Partnership
3
Cooperative
4
Corporation, privately held
5
Corporation listed on a stock exchange
6
Other private sector
7
State/municipal/district-owned enterprise
8
Corporatised state-owned enterprise
9
Other state owned
What is the legal status of this company?
ONLY ONE ANSWER ALLOWED
557
1
2
How would you best describe your firm’s main area of activity in terms of annual sales?
ONLY ONE ANSWER ALLOWED
557
1
Mining
2
Construction
3
Manufacturing
4
Transport
5
Trade
6
Real estate
7
Hotels and Restaurant
8
Other services
What percentage of your firm’s annual sales come from the main area of activity you mentioned above?
557
40
100
96.066
11.684
Could you please specify your firm’s main product line or main line of service in terms of sales?
557
1450
9305
4666.612
1787.508
How many full-time employees work for this company today?
557
1
2-10
2
11-49
3
50-99
4
100-249
5
250-499
6
500-999
7
1000-9999
How many full-time employees work for this company today?
557
1
2-49
2
50-249
3
250-9999
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Private domestic individual(s)/ company(s)/organization(s)
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
84.023
32.207
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Private foreign individual(s)/ company(s)/organization(s)
CHECK “FOREIGN OWNERSHIP” QUOTA
INTERVIEWER: IF IN S.5 FOR PRIVATE FOREIGN IS NOT EQUAL TO 0 GO TO S.6, ELSE GO TO S.7
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
7.494
21.946
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Government/State
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
8.483
26.054
READ OUT OPTIONS
What percentage of your firm is owned by:
Other
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
MULTIPLE ANSWERS ALLOWED
What is the nationality of this foreign Individual(s) company(s)/organization(s)?
70
487
3
7
8
9
10
11
13
15
16
17
20
31
38
46
99
Sysmiss
70
487
3
7
8
9
10
11
13
15
16
17
20
31
38
46
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
557
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
557
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
What is the nationality of this foreign Individual(s) company(s)/organization(s)?
Other
557
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently sell its products or services directly to customers outside the country?
1) If answer is Yes then GO TO S.8
2) If answer is No or Don't Know then GO TO S.9
553
4
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
What percentage of your total sales do such exports represent?
CHECK “EXPORTER” QUOTA
200
357
1
100
30.045
32.028
READ OUT OPTIONS
Can you please tell me where the headquarters of the firm are located?
557
1
At this site
2
Elsewhere in this countrry
3
In a foreign country
How many establishments (separate operating facilities) including this one does your firm have in this country?
557
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
17
20
24
40
78
86
99
99 or more
Does your firm have holdings or operations in other countries?
546
11
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't know
Sysmiss
546
11
1
2
3
4
5
Sysmiss
181
376
1
2
3
4
5
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
The purpose of this survey is to better understand constraints that hinder the development of businesses like yours. This study is being conducted for 28 countries by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. The initial goal is to better understand conditions for doing business in your country and how they compare to other countries. The ultimate goal of this research is to advise governments on ways to change policies and practices that impose a burden on
private firms and to develop new projects and programs that strengthen support for enterprise growth. Your answers should reflect only your perception and experience of doing business in your country.
I would like to assure you, that the information obtained here would be treated strictly anonymously and confidentially. Neither your name nor the name of your firm will be used in any document based on this survey. Neither the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development nor the World Bank nor any Governmental organisation will be informed of any individual firm’s responses or participation in this survey.
I WOULD LIKE TO START BY ASKING SOME GENERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT YOU AND THIS
ORGANISATION.
What is your job title? Please note that even if you have more than one job title we are interested in the title/responsibilities that you regard as the most important.
INTERVIEWER: IF NOT ONE OF THE ABOVE, STOP AND ASK TO SEE THE APPROPRIATE PERSON
557
1
Chief Executive/President/Vice President
2
Owner/proprietor
3
Partner
4
Director
5
General Manager
6
Manager
7
Finance Officer
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Mining and quarrying
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
0.447
5.86
20
49
80
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Construction
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
6.822
23.618
2
10
30
40
44
49
50
55
60
80
90
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Manufacturing
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
28.765
43.716
10
15
20
25
30
40
45
49
50
51
60
70
80
90
95
98
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Transport storage and communication
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
5.4
21.867
10
30
40
48
60
70
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Wholesale, retail, repairs
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
36.452
46.767
2
10
20
30
35
40
46
49
51
60
70
75
80
90
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Real estate, renting and business services
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
5.74
22.794
1
10
20
25
30
50
51
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Hotels and restaurants
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
11.871
31.861
20
30
40
51
100
What percentage of your sales comes from the following sectors in which your establishment operates?
Other
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
4.503
19.493
5
10
15
20
30
40
49
100
What percentage of your firm does the largest shareholder(s) own?
546
11
1
100
68.555
28.046
1
2
10
13
15
20
25
30
33
34
35
36
38
39
40
44
45
46
48
49
50
51
52
53
55
60
61
65
70
71
74
75
76
80
85
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
97
98
99
100
Sysmiss
How many shareholders hold this percentage share of the firm? Please give me the number
556
1
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
50
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: - MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.4a
Individual
Family
General public
Domestic company
Foreign company
Bank
Investment fund
Managers of the firm
Employees of the firm
Government or government agency
Which of the following best describes the largest shareholder(s) in your firm?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDER IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY MEMBER (CODES 01 OR 02) ASK Q.4b ELSE GO THE INSTRUCTION BEFORE Q.5
557
1
2
3
4
5
8
9
10
12
102
104
105
309
10508
555
2
1
2
3
4
5
8
9
10
Sysmiss
6
551
1
3
5
Sysmiss
1
556
1
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
Which of the following best describes the largest shareholder(s) in your firm?
Other
INTERVIEWER: IF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDER IS AN INDIVIDUAL OR FAMILY MEMBER (CODES 01
OR 02) ASK Q.4b ELSE GO THE INSTRUCTION BEFORE Q.5
557
Sysmiss
Is the individual or family member also the manager/director of this firm?
463
94
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
Is the principal owner (or one of the principal owners) a female?
463
94
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: ASK Q.5 IF COMPANY IS PRIVATE (I.E SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION S.2
CODES 1-6) ELSE GO TO Q.7
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD – Q.5
Privatisation of a state-owned firm
Originally private, from time of start up (i.e., no state-owned predecessor)
Private subsidiary of a formerly state-owned firm
Joint venture with foreign partner(s)
How was your firm established?
If answer is 1 then GO TO Q.6
If answer is 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 then GO TO Q.7
502
55
1
Privatisation of a state-owned firm
2
Originally private, from time of start up
3
Private subsidiary of a formerly state-owned firm
4
Joint venture with foreign partner(s)
5
Other
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: ASK Q.5 IF COMPANY IS PRIVATE (I.E SCREENER QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTION S.2 CODES 1-6) ELSE GO TO Q.7
How was your firm established?
557
Sysmiss
What year was the privatisation completed?
11
546
1990
1993
1994
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW ASK SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SALES OF YOUR FIRM AND ITS SUPPLIERS
What percentage of your firm’s sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Sold domestically
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
87.036
24.887
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
36
40
49
50
60
65
70
75
80
84
85
90
95
96
97
98
99
100
What percentage of your firm's sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Exported directly
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
10.788
23.984
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
15
16
20
25
30
35
40
50
51
60
64
70
75
80
85
90
95
98
100
What percentage of your firm's sales are sold domestically, exported directly, exported indirectly through a distributor?
Exported indirectly through a distributor
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q7 THE FIRM EXPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.8, ELSE GO TO Q.9
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
557
100
2.176
8.098
2
3
5
10
15
20
30
50
100
INTERVIEWER: IF THE ENTERPRISE EXPORTS DIRECTLY ASK:
In which year did your firm first export directly?
199
358
1945
2004
1945
1970
1974
1975
1979
1980
1981
1982
1985
1986
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: IF THE ENTERPRISE EXPORTS INDIRECTLY THROUGH A DISTRIBUTOR ASK:
In which year did your firm first export indirectly?
103
454
1962
2004
1962
1974
1975
1979
1980
1982
1985
1986
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2004
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time your goods arrived in their point of exit (eg, port, airport) until the time they cleared customs?
On average
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q.7 THE RESPONDENT SAID ZERO DOMESTIC SALES GO TO Q15
166
391
1
20
4.482
3.969
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
12
14
15
20
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time your goods arrived in their point of exit (eg, port, airport) until the time they cleared customs?
The longest time over the last 12 months
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q.7 THE RESPONDENT SAID ZERO DOMESTIC SALES GO TO Q15
166
391
1
45
6.386
7.679
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
15
18
20
21
25
30
40
45
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Government or government agencies (excluding state-owned enterprises)
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
100
3.873
12.823
1
2
5
7
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
State owned or controlled enterprises
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
100
3.664
12.509
1
2
4
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
70
74
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Multinationals located in your country (not including your parent company, if
applicable)
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
70
2.294
8.329
1
4
5
10
15
20
25
30
43
50
70
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Your firm’s parent company or affiliated subsidiaries
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
100
2.994
10.537
2
4
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
70
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Large private domestic firms (those with approximately 250 plus workers) (not including your parent company, if applicable)
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
100
12.169
23.228
1
2
5
7
10
13
15
16
20
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
53
60
63
65
70
75
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Small firms and individuals
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
100
72.704
35.585
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
38
39
40
42
50
55
57
59
60
70
75
79
80
90
92
93
94
95
96
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your domestic sales are to:
Other
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
527
30
100
2.302
11.942
3
5
10
20
25
30
50
60
90
100
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: – ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.10
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
These products cannot be imported
How important is competition from imports in the market for your main product line or main line of services in the domestic market?
534
23
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
These products cannot be imported
7
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: – ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD – Q11
Our customers would continue to buy from us in the same quantities as now
Our customers would continue to buy from us, but at slightly lower quantities
Customers would continue to buy from us, but at much lower quantities
Many of our customers would buy from our competitors instead
Now I would like to ask you a hypothetical question. If you were to raise your prices of your main
product line or main line of services 10% above their current level in the domestic market (after allowing
for any inflation) which of the following would best describe the result assuming that your competitors
maintained their current prices?
542
15
1
continue to buy, same quantities
2
continue to buy, slightly lower quantities
3
continue to buy, much lower quantities
4
would buy from competitors
Sysmiss
Does your firm compete in the national market (i.e. whole country) for its main product line or service?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q12b
If answer is No then GO TO Q13a
543
14
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the national market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
Currently
If answer is 1 then GO TO 13a
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 12c
210
347
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the national market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
36 months ago
If answer is 1 then GO TO 13a
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 12c
210
347
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
Currently
208
349
1
99
37.841
37.034
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
15
16
17
20
23
25
30
35
40
44
45
50
54
55
60
62
65
70
73
75
80
90
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
36 months ago
206
351
1
99
36.481
37.025
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
21
23
24
25
27
30
35
40
44
45
50
52
54
56
60
62
65
70
73
85
87
90
92
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Does your firm compete in the local market (i.e. region, city, or neighborhood) for its main product line or service?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q13b
If answer is No then GO TO Q14
543
14
1
Yes
2
No
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the local market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
Currently
If answer is 1 then GO TO 14
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 13c
402
155
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.12b & 13b
None
1-3
4 or more
How many competitors in the local market do you currently face for your main product line or service and how many did you face 36 months ago?
36 months ago
If answer is 1 then GO TO 14
If answer is 2 or 3 then GO TO 13c
402
155
1
None
2
1-3
3
4 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
Currently
398
159
1
99
19.935
26.258
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
20
22
23
24
25
27
30
40
45
47
48
50
60
63
70
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Please give me the exact number of your competitors in the national market
36 months ago
389
168
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
24
25
30
32
36
40
45
48
50
51
54
55
60
63
65
70
80
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Considering your main product line or main line of services in the domestic market, by what margin does your sales price exceed your operating costs (i.e., the cost material inputs plus wage costs but not overheads and depreciation)
512
45
3
85
24.605
12.572
3
5
7
8
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
24
25
26
27
30
35
40
45
49
50
60
80
85
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Purchased from domestic sources
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
554
3
100
85.164
28.196
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
65
70
73
75
80
85
90
94
95
96
97
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Imported directly
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
554
3
100
5.818
18.504
2
3
4
5
10
20
25
30
35
40
50
65
70
75
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s material inputs and supplies are:
Imported indirectly through a distributor
INTERVIEWER: IF IN Q15 THE FIRM IMPORTS DIRECTLY, ASK Q.16, ELSE GO TO Q.17
CHECK THAT THE TOTAL IS 100%
554
3
100
9.018
22.173
2
3
5
10
20
25
27
30
35
37
40
45
50
60
70
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time
your goods arrived in their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time you could claimed them from
customs?
On average
62
495
1
30
6.403
6.064
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
20
21
30
Sysmiss
What was the average and the longest number of days over the last 12 months that it took from the time
your goods arrived in their point of entry (e.g. port, airport) until the time you could claimed them from
customs?
The longest time over the last 12 months
62
495
1
60
10.806
11.831
1
2
3
5
7
10
14
15
20
25
30
36
60
Sysmiss
At the time you receive delivery of your most important input or supply, how many days of stock do you
typically have on hand?
387
170
1
90
30.752
23.753
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
13
15
17
18
20
21
25
30
35
40
42
45
50
53
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD: - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.19
My firm will continue to buy from the supplier in the same quantities as now
My firm would continue to buy from the supplier but at slightly lower quantities
My firm would continue to buy from the supplier, but at much lower quantities
My firm would buy from other suppliers instead
Now I would like to ask you another hypothetical question. If your main supplier were to raise the price
of its main product line or main line of services 10% above its current level in the domestic market (after
allowing for any inflation) which of the following would best describe your firm’s reaction assuming that
other suppliers maintained their current prices?
557
1
same supplier, same quantities
2
same supplier, slightly lower quantities
3
same supplier, much lower quantities
4
buy from other suppliers
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Changed the identity of the main material input supplier
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Changed the identity of the main customers (>20% of sales)
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives during the last 36 months?
Exported to a new country
557
1
Yes
2
No
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED “YES” ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Changed the identity of the main material input supplier
147
410
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Changed the identity of the main customers (>20% of sales)
116
441
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD- Q20
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Exported to a new country
59
498
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Family and friends
548
9
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Former employees who now work for a potential customer or supplier
552
5
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Prior employment of managers by a potential customer or supplier
549
8
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Existing customers or suppliers
551
6
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Government agencies
537
20
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Business associations/chambers of commerce
545
12
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new customers for your firm?
Trade fairs and other public sources of information
546
11
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Family and friends
549
8
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Former employees who now work for a potential customer or supplier
553
4
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Prior employment of managers by a potential customer or supplier
550
7
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Existing customers or suppliers
553
4
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Government agencies
536
21
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Business associations/chambers of commerce
540
17
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
How important are the following as potential sources of information about new suppliers for your firm?
Trade fairs and other public sources of information
540
17
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
557
60
4.135
9.119
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
18
20
25
30
35
36
40
50
60
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
557
45
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
15
18
20
25
45
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (Days)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
557
25
0.257
1.485
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
15
25
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service
interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales
was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
226
331
1
24
5.611
6.242
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
20
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
62
495
1
24
6.226
6.706
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
20
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (Average duration (hours/day))
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
41
516
1
24
7.951
8.683
1
2
3
5
6
8
9
10
12
24
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Power outages or surges from the public grid (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
70
487
1
7
2.271
1.56
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Insufficient water supply (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
5
552
1
1
1
1
Sysmiss
How many days over the last 12 months did your establishment experience the following service interruptions, and how long did they last (average duration in hours/day), and what percent of total sales was lost?
Unavailable mainline telephone service (% of total sales lost)
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE FOR ANY OF THE ABOVE - WRITE 000
557
Sysmiss
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Fixed line telephone
557
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Fax
557
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Mobile telephone
557
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Email
557
1
Yes
2
No
Does your firm regularly use in its interactions with clients and suppliers any of the following?
Internet
557
1
Yes
2
No
Based on the experience of your firm over the last 36 months, how many days did you wait from the date of application to obtain each of the following?
A fixed line telephone connection
317
240
1
80
8.845
11.526
1
2
3
4
5
7
10
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
25
28
30
35
36
40
45
50
55
60
70
75
80
Sysmiss
Based on the experience of your firm over the last 36 months, how many days did you wait from the date of application to obtain each of the following?
An electrical connection
195
362
1
30
6.092
6.008
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
14
15
20
25
30
Sysmiss
What percentage of the value of products your establishment shipped over the last 12 months was lost while in transit due to breakage, spoilage or theft?
Products shipped and sold in the domestic market
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO LOSSES - WRITE 000
125
432
1
100
8.016
18.677
1
2
3
5
7
8
10
15
20
60
70
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of the value of products your establishment shipped over the last 12 months was lost while in transit due to breakage, spoilage or theft?
Products exported directly by your firm
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO LOSSES - WRITE 000
18
539
1
12
4
3.565
1
2
3
5
6
10
12
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Fair and impartial
536
21
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Honest/uncorrupted
530
27
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Quick
538
19
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Affordable
510
47
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often do you associate the following descriptions with the court system in resolving business disputes?
Able to enforce its decisions
540
17
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with this statement? “I am confident that the legal system will uphold my contract and property rights in business disputes”.
548
9
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Paid before the delivery of your products or services
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
100
8.556
19.668
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Paid on delivery of your products or services
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
100
53.489
38.326
2
3
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
85
89
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s sales’ to customers in value terms over the last 12 months were
Sold on credit (payment due after the time of delivery of your products or services)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
100
37.955
37.958
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
84
85
90
94
95
96
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm’s purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Paid before the delivery of your products or services from your supplier
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
100
10.351
23.101
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
65
70
75
80
90
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm's purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Paid on delivery of your products or services from your supplier
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
100
44.387
39.189
2
5
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your firm's purchases of material inputs or services in value terms over the last 12 months were:
Purchased on credit (payment due after the time of delivery of your products or services from your supplier)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
100
45.262
40.285
2
5
10
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
68
70
75
80
82
85
90
93
95
100
Sysmiss
Have you had to resolve any overdue payments in the last 36 months?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.31b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.31e
557
1
Yes
2
No
How many cases of overdue payments did your firm have to resolve in the past 36 months?
127
430
1
30
4.299
3.91
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
15
20
30
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
How long did it typically take (in weeks) to resolve an overdue payment?
129
428
1
40
7.008
6.239
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
15
16
20
21
24
32
40
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Of these disputes over payments, how many were resolved by court action?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NONE – WRITE 00
129
428
20
1.814
3.071
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
15
20
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
How many cases in civil or commercial arbitration courts have involved your firm either as a plaintiff or defendant in the last 36 months?
Plaintiff
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO CASES - WRITE 00
557
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
10
14
15
20
25
30
35
99
99 or more
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
Number of cases
How many cases in civil or commercial arbitration courts have involved your firm either as a plaintiff or defendant in the last 36 months?
Defendant
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO CASES - WRITE 00
557
25
0.185
1.275
1
2
3
4
5
6
10
25
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)?
557
1
Yes
2
No
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)? If yes, what percent of your total annual sales do you pay?
519
38
10
0.518
1.409
1
2
3
3.5
4
5
6
7
8
10
Sysmiss
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT CAN NOT TELL YOU THE PERCENTAGE ASK FOR THE VALUE
Do you pay for security (e.g., equipment, personnel, or professional security services)? If yes, what percent of your total annual sales do you pay?
454
103
50
0.881
4.953
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
12
13
20
22
28
35
38
42
45
50
Sysmiss
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)?
557
1
Yes
2
No
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
% of total
annual sales
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)? If yes, what percent of total annual sales are customarily paid?
468
89
10
0.468
1.292
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
10
Sysmiss
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
Amount paid
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT CANNOT TELL YOU THE PERCENTAGE ASK FOR THE VALUE
Do firms in your line of business pay for protection payments (e.g., to organised crime to prevent violence or property damage)? If yes, what percent of total annual sales are customarily paid?
386
171
50
0.435
3.824
10
12
14
30
42
50
Sysmiss
Have you had any losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson against your firm over the last 12 months?
557
1
Yes
2
No
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Losses as a %
of total sales over the
last 12 months
Have you had any losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson against your firm over the last 12 months? If yes, what were your estimated losses as a percent of your sales over the last 12 months?
557
40
0.429
2.732
1
2
3
5
10
11
15
30
40
1) NOW I WOULD LIKE YOU TO THINK ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT POLICIES, LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING YOUR BUSINESS
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with the following statements?
Information on the laws and regulations affecting my firm is easy to obtain
547
10
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Strongly disagree
Disagree in most cases
Tend to disagree
Tend to agree
Agree in most cases
Strongly agree
To what degree do you agree with the following statements?
Interpretations of the laws and regulations affecting my firm are consistent and predictable
539
18
1
Strongly disagree
2
Disagree in most cases
3
Tend to disagree
4
Tend to agree
5
Agree in most cases
6
Strongly agree
7
Don't know
Sysmiss
What percent of senior management’s time over the last 12 months was spent in dealing with public officials about the application and interpretation of laws and regulations and to get or to maintain access to public services?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO TIME WAS SPENT – WRITE 00.0
196
361
1
70
11.679
12.859
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
15
18
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
Sysmiss
Over the last 12 months did your firm employ an outside consultant to deal with public officials about the application and interpretation of laws and regulations and to get or to maintain access to public services?
557
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
How often is the following statement true? “If a government agent acts against the rules I can usually go to another official or to his superior and get the correct treatment without recourse to unofficial payments/gifts.”
546
11
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
Is your firm a member of a business association or chamber of commerce?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.36b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.37
557
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? “Critical value to your firm” should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Lobbying government
427
130
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Resolution of disputes (with officials, workers or other firms)
432
125
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information and/or contacts on domestic product and input markets
433
124
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information and/or contacts on international product and input markets
428
129
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Accrediting standards or quality of products; reputational benefits
438
119
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No value
Minor value
Moderate value
Major value
Critical value to your firm
What services do you receive from the association or associations to which you belong, and what is the value of these services to your firm? "Critical value to your firm" should be placed on services that significantly reduce the costs of your firm or significantly increase the sales of your firm.
Information on government regulations
433
124
No value
1
Minor value
2
Moderate value
3
Major value
4
Critical value to your firm
5
Not provided
Sysmiss
Thinking about national laws and regulations enacted over the last 12 months that had a substantial impact on your business, did your firm seek to influence the content of laws or regulations affecting it?
557
1
Yes
2
No
Thinking about local or regional laws and regulations enacted over the last 12 months that had a substantial impact on your business, did your firm seek to influence the content of laws or regulations affecting it?
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
557
1
Yes
2
No
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
Inspections/meetings carried
out
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
557
1
Yes
2
No
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
282
275
1
10
2.174
1.707
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
125
432
1
15
2.016
2.008
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12 months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
92
465
1
12
1.359
1.228
1
2
3
12
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
80
477
1
10
2.575
2.391
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
10
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
165
392
1
10
2.909
2.503
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
59
498
1
10
1.898
1.826
1
2
3
4
5
10
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Number of
inspections/m
eetings over
the last 12
months
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
15
542
1
3
1.267
0.594
1
2
3
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Tax inspectorate
281
276
1
48
2.573
4.417
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
12
15
20
25
30
48
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Labour and social security
121
436
1
25
2.264
3.721
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
12
15
20
25
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Fire & building safety
91
466
1
8
1.626
1.547
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Sanitation/ Epidemiology
82
475
1
6
1.549
1.068
1
2
3
4
5
6
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Municipal police
158
399
1
30
1.589
2.749
1
2
3
4
5
12
15
30
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Environmental
70
487
1
8
1.543
1.224
1
2
3
4
5
8
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Average duration of inspections/meetings (hours/visit)
Interviewer: If Inspection/meeting Yes, Complete These Columns
How many times in the last 12 months was your establishment either inspected by the following agencies or required to meet with officials from these agencies? What was the average duration of these inspections/meetings?
Customs agency
20
537
1
4
1.7
1.129
1
2
3
4
99
99 or more
Sysmiss
1) WE NOW WANT TO ASK YOUR OPINION ON “UNOFFICIAL PAYMENTS” TO OFFICIALS IN THIS
COUNTRY. CAN I PLEASE REASSURE YOU THAT:
We are interested in your opinions in a personal capacity
We do not imply in any way that your company makes unofficial payments/gifts
We recognise that your company neither approves of nor condones the use of unofficial payments/gifts
The responses that you give will be aggregated and presented in purely statistical terms; any comments you give me cannot be attributed to either you or your company
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking about officials, would you say the following statements are always, usually, frequently, sometimes, seldom or never true?
“It is common for firms in my line of business to have to pay some irregular “additional payments/gifts” to get things done ” with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services, etc.
497
60
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking about officials, would you say the following statements are always, usually, frequently, sometimes, seldom or never true?
“Firms in my line of business usually know in advance about how much this ‘additional payment/gifts’ is
484
73
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
On average, what percent of total annual sales do firm’s like yours typically pay in unofficial payments/gifts to public officials?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PAYMENTS ARE MADE – WRITE 00.0
232
325
10
1.078
1.751
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7
10
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To get connected to and maintain public services (electricity and telephone)
507
50
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To obtain business licenses and permits
507
50
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To obtain government contracts
498
59
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with occupational health and safety inspections
503
54
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with fire and building inspections
503
54
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with environmental inspections
501
56
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with taxes and tax collection
502
55
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with customs/imports
497
60
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To deal with courts
489
68
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Never
Seldom
Sometimes
Frequently
Usually
Always
Thinking now of unofficial payments/gifts that a firm like yours would make in a given year, could you please tell me how often would they make payments/gifts for the following purposes
To influence the content of new legislation rules decrees etc.
490
67
1
Never
2
Seldom
3
Sometime
4
Frequently
5
Usually
6
Always
7
Do not know
Sysmiss
When firms in your industry do business with the government, what percent of the contract value would be typically paid in additional or unofficial payments/gifts to secure the contract?
INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PAYMENTS/GIFTS ARE PAID – WRITE 00.0
79
478
1
20
5.924
5.261
1
2
2.5
3
5
8
10
15
20
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with taxes and regulations, what percentage of total annual sales would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
525
32
10
100
72.257
28.243
10
15
18
20
25
30
33
35
40
50
53
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with labour regulations, what percentage of total workforce would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
524
33
10
100
76.605
25.725
10
18
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
83
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
Recognising the difficulties that many firms face in fully complying with labour regulations, what percentage of the actual wage bill would you estimate the typical firm in your area of business reports for tax purposes?
528
29
10
100
72.561
27.135
10
15
18
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to Parliamentarians to affect their votes
514
43
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to Government officials to affect the content of government decrees
513
44
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No impact
Minor impact
Moderate impact
Major impact
Decisive impact
It is often said that firms make unofficial payments/gifts, private payments or other benefits to public officials to gain advantages in the drafting of laws, decrees, regulations, and other binding government decisions. To what extent have the following practices had a direct impact on your business.
Private payments/gifts or other benefits to local or regional government officials to affect their
votes or content of government decrees
513
44
No impact
1
Minor impact
2
Moderate impact
3
Major impact
4
Decisive impact
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
1) I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FINANCING OF YOUR FIRM
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm’s working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Internal funds/Retained earnings
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
51.263
45.042
5
10
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
90
98
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
29.401
41.044
10
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
6.473
19.79
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
75
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from foreign banks
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
0.506
6.011
5
20
50
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
1.243
8.339
5
10
20
30
40
50
70
90
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Loans from family/friends
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
4.834
15.828
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
65
80
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
1.197
8.209
10
20
30
50
70
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from suppliers
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
1.188
7.354
5
10
15
20
30
40
50
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from customers
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
80
0.359
4.177
5
10
20
30
40
80
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Credit cards
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
1.869
9.698
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Leasing arrangement
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
0.51
5.311
2
10
15
20
40
50
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
The government (other than state-owned banks)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
100
0.89
8.738
3
10
20
30
100
Sysmiss
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
Working capital (i.e. inventories, accounts receivable, cash)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other (SPECIFY SOURCES)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
543
14
50
0.265
3.482
2
40
50
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Internal funds/Retained earnings
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
55.136
44.813
5
10
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
97
98
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
30.203
42.044
10
20
25
30
40
45
50
60
70
75
80
90
95
96
97
98
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
5.767
19.825
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
98
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from foreign banks
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
0.727
6.622
10
20
30
40
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Loans from family/friends
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
3.448
12.347
1
2
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
30
0.5
3.084
1
3
10
20
30
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from suppliers
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
1.242
9.03
1
2
10
15
20
30
40
50
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Trade credit from customers
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
80
0.403
4.947
1
2
10
40
80
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Credit cards
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
50
0.852
4.746
1
10
15
20
25
30
50
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Leasing arrangement
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
90
0.764
6.549
1
10
20
40
50
90
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
The government (other than state-owned banks)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
100
0.794
8.432
1
60
100
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other (SPECIFY SOURCES)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
330
227
50
0.164
2.755
1
2
50
Sysmiss
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
New investments (i.e.
new land, buildings,
machinery, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
CARD - Q.45
Internal funds/Retained earnings
Equity (i.e. issue new shares)
Borrowing from local private commercial banks
Borrowing from foreign banks
Borrowing from state-owned banks, including state development banks
Loans from family/friends
Money lenders or other informal sources (other than family/friends)
Trade credit from suppliers
Trade credit from customers
Credit cards
Leasing arrangement
The government (other than state-owned banks)
What proportion of your firm's working capital and new fixed investment has been financed from each of the following sources, over the last 12 months?
Other
557
Sysmiss
557
Accounting book-keeping auditing activities tax
Activities of travel agencies tour operators; tourist
Advertising
Agents involved sale of timber & building materials
Agents involved in the sale of food, beverages & tobacco
Agents involved sale of agricultural raw materials etc.
Agents involved sale of furniture, household goods
Agents involved sale of machinery, ships aircraft
Agents specializing in the sale of particular products
Architectural engineering related technical consultancy
Artistic and literary creation and interpretation
Building and repairing of ships
Business and management consultancy activities
Buying and selling of own real estate
Canteens
Catering
Construction of highways, roads, sport facilities
Cotton-type weaving
Cutting, shaping and finishing of stone
Development and selling of real estate
Fair and amusement park activities
Finishing of textiles
Floor and wall covering
Forging, pressing, stamping and roll forming of metal
Freight transport by road
General construction buildings & civil engineering work
Hairdressing and other beauty treatment
Hardware consultancy
Hotels and motels, with restaurant
Hotels and motels, without restaurant
Installation of electrical wiring and fittings
Legal activities
Letting of own property
Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products
Manufacture of bread; fresh pastry goods and cakes
Manufacture of builders carpentry and joinery of metal
Manufacture of builders ware of plastic
Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers
Manufacture of ceramic household & ornamental articles
Manufacture of chairs and seats
Manufacture of cocoa; chocolate and sugar confectionery
Manufacture of concrete products for construction
Manufacture of cordage, rope, twine and netting
Manufacture of electric motors, generator & transformer
Manufacture of electrical equipment for engines vehicles
Manufacture of engines and turbines
Manufacture of footwear
Manufacture of glues and gelatines
Manufacture of imitation jewellery
Manufacture of leather clothes
Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment
Manufacture of lighting equipment and electric lamps
Manufacture of lime
Manufacture of luggage, handbags and the like
Manufacture of macaroni, noodles, couscous
Manufacture of machine-tools
Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage tobacco
Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy
Manufacture of machinery for mining, construction
Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard
Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel leather
Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel
Manufacture of other agricultural and forestry machinery
Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other electrical equipment n.e.c.
Manufacture of other food products n.e.c.
Manufacture of other furniture
Manufacture of other general purpose machinery n.e.c.
Manufacture of other kitchen furniture
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products
Manufacture of other outerwear
Manufacture of other plastic products
Manufacture of other rubber products
Manufacture of other special purpose machinery n.e.c.
Manufacture of parts and accessories for motor vehicles
Manufacture of plaster products for construction
Manufacture of plastic packing goods
Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals
Manufacture of prepared pet foods
Manufacture of refined oils and fats
Manufacture of sewing threads
Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning & polishing
Manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms
Manufacture of television and radio receivers etc.
Manufacture of tobacco products
Manufacture of wire products
Manufacture of wooden containers
Manufacture of workwear
Manufacture processing other glass, technical glassware
Motion picture and video distribution
Non-specialized wholesale of food, beverages & tobacco
Operation of arts facilities
Operation of dairies and cheese making
Other activities related to printing
Other building completion
Other building installation
Other business activities n.e.c.
Other construction work involving special trades
Other entertainment activities n.e.c.
Other land passenger transport
Other manufacturing n.e.c.
Other mining and quarrying n.e.c.
Other non-store retail sale
Other retail sale food beverage tobacco in special stor
Other retail sale in non-specialized stores
Other retail sale in specialized stores
Other scheduled passenger land transport
Other service activities n.e.c.
Other supporting air transport activities
Other supporting land transport activities
Other wholesale
Painting and glazing
Preparation and spinning of cotton-type fibres
Preparation and spinning of flax-type fibres
Printing n.e.c.
Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables n.e.c.
Production and preserving of meat
Publishing of journals and periodicals
Publishing of newspapers
Real estate agencies
Renting of automobiles
Renting of construction and civil engineering
Renting of construction or demolition equipment
Renting of office machinery and equipment,
Repair n.e.c.
Repair of boots, shoes and other articles of leather
Repair of electrical household goods
Repair of watches, clocks and jewellery
Restaurants
Retail sale in non-special store food beverage tob
Retail sale of alcoholic and other beverages
Retail sale of automotive fuel
Retail sale of books, newspapers and stationery
Retail sale of bread cakes flour sugar confectionery
Retail sale of clothing
Retail sale of cosmetic and toilet articles
Retail sale of electrical household appliances TV
Retail sale of footwear and leather goods
Retail sale of furniture lighting equip household
Retail sale of hardware, paints and glass
Retail sale of meat and meat products
Retail sale of medical and orthopaedic goods
Retail sale of second-hand goods in stores
Retail sale of textiles
Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
Sale of motor vehicles
Sale, maintenance and repair of motorcycles
Sawmilling and planing of wood; impregnation of wood
Scheduled air transport
Sea and coastal water transport
Software consultancy and supply
Storage and warehousing
Tanning and dressing of leather
Technical testing and analysis
Telecommunications
Transport via railways
Treatment and coating of metals
Washing and dry-cleaning of textile and fur products
Wholesale electrical household appliances radio TV good
Wholesale of alcoholic and other beverages
Wholesale of china and glassware, wallpaper
Wholesale of clothing and footwear
Wholesale of coffee, tea, cocoa and spices
Wholesale of construction machinery
Wholesale of dairy produce, eggs & edible oils and fats
Wholesale of flowers and plants
Wholesale of hardware, plumbing and heating equipment
Wholesale of machine-tools
Wholesale of machinery for the textile industry
Wholesale of office machinery and equipment
Wholesale of other household goods
Wholesale of other machinery for use in industry
Wholesale of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels products
Wholesale of sugar and chocolate and sugar confectionery
Wholesale of textiles
Wholesale of wood, construction materials
Woollen-type weaving
Does your establishment have a checking or savings account?
A checking account
557
1
Yes
2
No
Does your establishment have a checking or savings account?
Savings account
557
1
Yes
2
No
Thinking of the most recent loan you obtained from a financial institution, did the financing require collateral?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.46b
If answer is No then GO TO Q.46d
If answer is No loan then GO TO Q.47a
195
362
1
Yes
2
No
3
No loan
Sysmiss
MULTIPLE ANSWERS ALLOWED
What kind of collateral (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, your home) was required?
162
395
1
Land
2
Buildings
3
Machinery and equipment including movables
4
Accounts receivable
5
Inventories
6
Personal assets of owner
7
Other
Sysmiss
162
395
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
What kind of collateral (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, your home) was required?
Other
557
Sysmiss
What was the approximate value of the collateral required as a percentage of the loan value?
123
434
10
400
104.569
58.054
10
20
22
25
28
30
32
40
50
70
75
80
90
100
120
125
150
160
170
175
180
200
230
240
250
300
400
Sysmiss
What is the loan’s annual cost (i.e., rate of interest)?
159
398
3
37
21.849
5.911
3
10
12
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
32
34
37
Sysmiss
What is the duration of the loan in months?
195
362
1
60
14.851
8.634
1
2
3
4
6
8
9
10
11
12
18
19
24
36
60
Sysmiss
Was the loan denominated in local or foreign currency?
194
363
1
Local currency
2
Foreign currency
Sysmiss
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
Month loan received
On what date was the loan received?
123
434
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Sysmiss
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
Year loan received
On what date was the loan received?
149
408
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Sysmiss
How many days did it take to agree the loan with the bank from the date of application?
INTERVIEWER GO TO Q.48
171
386
1
60
10.398
12.124
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
14
15
20
21
22
30
45
50
60
Sysmiss
If your firm does not currently have a loan, what was the reason?
335
222
1
Did not apply for a loan
2
Application was turned down
3
Application is still pending
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - MULTIPLE ANSWERS
CARD - Q.47b
Does not need a loan
Application procedure of bank loans are too burdensome
Collateral requirements for bank loans are too strict
Interest rates are too high
It is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans
Did not think it would be approved
If your firm did not apply for a loan, what were the main reasons?
INTERVIEWER: GO TO Q.48
325
232
1
Does not need a loan
2
Application procedures are too burdensome
3
Collateral requirements are too strict
4
Interest rates are too high
5
It is necessary to make informal payments
6
Did not think it would be approved
7
Others (Specify)
Sysmiss
325
232
1
2
3
4
6
7
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
CARD - Q.47b
Does not need a loan
Application procedure of bank loans are too burdensome
Collateral requirements for bank loans are too strict
Interest rates are too high
It is necessary to make informal payments to get bank loans
Did not think it would be approved
If your firm did not apply for a loan, what were the main reasons?
Other
INTERVIEWER: GO TO Q.48
557
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.47c
Lack of acceptable collateral
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
Inadequate credit history of the firm
Incompleteness of the loan application
If the loan application of your firm was rejected, what were the main reasons?
6
551
1
Lack of acceptable collateral
2
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
3
Inadequate credit history of the firm
4
Incompleteness of the loan application
5
Others (Specify)
Sysmiss
6
551
1
2
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
557
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - MULTIPLE ANSWER
CARD - Q.47c
Lack of acceptable collateral
Perceived lack of profitability of the firm
Inadequate credit history of the firm
Incompleteness of the loan application
If the loan application of your firm was rejected, what were the main reasons?
Other
557
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
International Accounting Standards
506
51
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
US GAAP
501
56
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm use international accounting standards (IAS) as provided by the International Accounting Standards Board or US GAAP or national accounting standards as provided by the Ministry of Finance or securities regulator?
National Accounting Standards
543
14
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm have its annual financial statement checked and certified by an external auditor?
548
9
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Cash
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
100
45.46
37.949
1
5
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
36
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
97
98
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Through bank (electronic transfers of cash/cheques/credit cards, etc..)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
100
36.253
35.613
2
3
4
5
7
9
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
55
59
60
64
65
69
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Bills of exchange (e.g., veksels)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
100
17.009
28.538
5
10
15
20
24
25
30
35
40
46
50
55
60
65
70
75
78
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Debt swaps or offsets
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
60
0.635
4.496
1
5
10
15
20
30
40
60
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Exchange of goods for goods
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
50
0.327
2.992
5
6
10
15
20
25
30
50
Sysmiss
What share of your sales to your customers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Other
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
554
3
50
0.316
3.102
5
10
20
25
35
50
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Cash
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
100
40.34
40.361
3
5
10
15
20
25
26
30
35
40
49
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
94
98
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Through bank (electronic transfers of cash/cheques/credit cards, etc..)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
100
33.68
38.946
5
10
15
20
25
30
34
35
40
45
48
49
50
55
60
65
70
75
78
80
85
86
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Bills of exchange (e.g., veksels)
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
100
24.926
36.568
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Debt swaps or offsets
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
90
0.696
5.645
1
2
5
10
15
20
40
50
60
90
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Exchange of goods for goods
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
50
0.148
2.216
2
10
50
Sysmiss
What share of your purchases from suppliers (in per cent) over the last 12 months was ultimately settled by:
Other
CHECK THAT TOTALS ARE 100%
553
4
50
0.21
2.271
2
10
50
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Utilities
540
17
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Taxes
547
10
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Employees
550
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Material input suppliers
551
6
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Utilities
557
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Taxes
68
489
1
50
5.868
8.555
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
10
20
25
30
50
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Employees
38
519
2
10
2.579
1.898
2
5
10
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Does your firm currently have any payments overdue (by more than 90 days) to each of the following. If yes, what is the amount of the overdue payments as a % of your total annual sales?
Material input suppliers
45
512
1
80
8.867
15.022
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
40
50
80
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
National government
550
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Regional or local government
550
7
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
EU sources
546
11
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Other (SPECIFY)
204
353
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
National government
1
556
10
10
10
10
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Regional or local government
1
556
20
20
20
20
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
EU sources
557
Sysmiss
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
% of total annual sales
Over the last 36 months has your firm received any subsidies from the national government, EU sources regional/local governments or any other sources? If yes, on average, over the last 36 months what was the amount of these subsidies as a percent of the average sales during this period?
Other (SPECIFY)
557
Sysmiss
1) I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU QUESTIONS ABOUT THE OVERALL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN YOUR COUNTRY AND HOW IT AFFECTS YOUR FIRM
2) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Access to financing (e.g., collateral required or financing not available from banks)
554
3
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Cost of financing (e.g., interest rates and charges)
555
2
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Telecommunications
553
4
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Electricity
553
4
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Transportation
553
4
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Access to land
544
13
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Title or leasing of land
538
19
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Tax rates
553
4
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Tax administration
551
6
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Customs and trade regulations
535
22
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Business licensing and permits
539
18
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Labour regulations
548
9
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Skills and education of available workers
549
8
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Uncertainty about regulatory policies
549
8
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Macroeconomic instability (inflation, exchange rate)
547
10
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Functioning of the judiciary
540
17
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Corruption
546
11
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Street crime, theft and disorder
550
7
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Organised crime/mafia
543
14
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Anti-competitive practices of other competitors
545
12
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Contract violations by customers and suppliers
543
14
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Other
557
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
No obstacle
Minor obstacle
Moderate obstacle
Major obstacle
Can you tell me how problematic are these different factors for the operation and growth of your business:
Other
557
1
No obstacle
2
Minor obstacle
3
Moderate obstacle
4
Major obstacle
5
Don't Know
Sysmiss
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUR FIRM AND ITS INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Sales
557
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Exports
211
346
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Fixed assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery and equipment)
557
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Material inputs
557
1
Increase
2
Decrease
3
No change
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Sales
386
171
1
200
31.834
24.741
1
2
3
5
8
10
13
15
20
25
30
33
35
38
40
45
50
55
60
70
75
80
85
100
200
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Exports
557
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Fixed assets (e.g., land, buildings, machinery and equipment)
160
397
2
200
32.194
28.617
2
3
5
10
13
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
100
200
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months how have the following changed (increased/decreased) and what is the percent of change for your company, in real terms (i.e., after allowing for inflation):
Material inputs
345
212
2
200
31.533
25.111
2
3
5
9
10
13
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
75
80
100
200
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Merged with another firm
547
10
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Acquired another firm
535
22
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Over the last 36 months has your firm merged with or acquired another firm or sold one or more of its existing establishments?
Sold one or more of your firm’s existing establishments
535
22
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of your firm’s total sales
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
323
234
2
71500
2645.235
8634.196
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of the replacement value of the physical production assets owned and used by your firm (land, buildings, equipment)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
179
378
5
14300
834.95
2212.257
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
The estimate of the total operating costs (material inputs bought in components/services, labour costs, energy, fuel, repairs, depreciation & administration expenses etc.)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
318
239
10
62500
2181.035
7029.488
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of the material input costs and bought in components/services corresponding to your firm’s total sales
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
295
262
4
40000
1104.847
3750.631
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of your total cost of labour (permanent and part-time employees) wages, salaries, and benefits
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
297
260
4
6980
220.027
619.604
For classification purposes and for 2004, please could you tell me:
Of which the estimate of your total energy and fuel costs
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
295
262
1
8500
161.454
679.025
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
New buildings, machinery and equipment
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
143
414
500
42.832
69.71
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
Research and development (including wages and salaries of R&D personnel, R&D materials, R&D related education and R&D training costs)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
221
336
500
12.068
58.199
Could you please tell me how much did your firm spend in 2004 on each of the following:
Advertising and marketing (including wages and salaries for in-house advertising & marketing personnel)
INTERVIEWER: OBTAIN THE ABOVE VALUES IN ONE OF THE TWO CURRENCIES (I.E EITHER LOCAL OR IN USDs).
221
336
2600
39.326
189.423
What percentage of your total profits in 2003 were invested in the firm in 2004?
INTERVIEWERS IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT INVEST ANY OF THE PROFITS WRITE 000
280
277
1
100
54.146
35.325
1
2
5
7
10
15
20
25
28
30
33
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
95
100
Sysmiss
What percentage of your total profits in 2003 were invested in the firm in 2004?
INTERVIEWERS IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT INVEST ANY OF THE PROFITS WRITE 000
152
405
1
No profit in 2003
Sysmiss
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Developed successfully a major new product line/service
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Upgraded an existing product line/service
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Discontinued at least one product (not production) line/service
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Agreed to a new joint venture with foreign partner
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Obtained a new product licensing agreement
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Outsourced a major production activity/service that was previously conducted in-house
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Brought in-house of a major production activity/service that was previously outsourced
557
1
Yes
2
No
Has your company undertaken any of the following initiatives over the last 36 months?
Obtained a new quality accreditation (ISO 9000, 9002 or 14,000, AGCCP, etc)
557
1
Yes
2
No
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED “YES” ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Developed successfully a major new product line/service
158
399
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Upgraded an existing product line/service
203
354
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Discontinued at least one product (not production) line/service
38
519
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Agreed to a new joint venture with foreign partner
14
543
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Obtained a new product licensing agreement
26
531
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Outsourced a major production activity/service that was previously conducted in-house
31
526
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Brought in-house of a major production activity/service that was previously outsourced
27
530
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
1) INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
Extremely important
2) INTERVIEWER: FOR EACH INITIATIVE ANSWERED "YES" ASK:
And how important in retrospect was this initiative for the survival and/or growth of your company over that period?
Obtained a new quality accreditation (ISO 9000, 9002 or 14,000, AGCCP, etc)
67
490
1
Not important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Extremely important
6
Don’t know
Sysmiss
Has your firm acquired new production technology over the last 36 months?
If answer is Yes then GO TO Q.61b
If answer is No or Don't know then GO TO Q.62
531
26
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
CARD - Q.61b
Embodied in new machinery and equipment
Hired key personnel/consultants with the technological expertise
New license or turnkey operations from international sources
New licensing or turnkey operation from domestic sources
Developed or adapted with the firm
Transferred from the parent company
Developed in cooperation with customers
Developed in cooperation with suppliers
Obtained from a business or industry association
Obtained from universities or public institutions
What was the most important way your firm acquired this new technology, choosing from the list below?
162
395
1
Embodied in new machinery and equipment
2
Hired key personnel/consultants with the technological expertise
3
New license or turnkey operations from international sources
4
New licensing or turnkey operations from domestic sources
5
Developed or adapted within the firm
6
Transferred from the parent company
7
Developed in cooperation with customers
8
Developed in cooperation with suppliers
9
Obtained from a business or industry association
10
Obtained from universities or public institutions
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD - ONE ANSWER ONLY
My firm is organised in much the same way as it was 36 months ago
My firm has had some reallocation of responsibility & resources between departments
My firm has had major reallocations of responsibility & resources between departments
My firm has had a completely new organisational structure
Which of the following best describes the organisation of departments (in terms of the allocation of responsibilities, budgetary resources and staff) within your firm over the last 36 months?
555
2
1
My firm is organised in much the same way as it was 36 months ago
2
My firm has had some reallocation of responsibility and resources between departments
3
My firm has had major reallocations of responsibility and resources between
4
My firm has had a completely new organisational structure
5
Don’t know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to “Developing new products or services and markets”:
Pressure from domestic competitors
551
6
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Developing new products or services and markets":
Pressure from foreign competitors
540
17
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Developing new products or services and markets":
Pressure from customers
546
11
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to “Reducing the production costs of existing products or services”:
Pressure from domestic competitors
549
8
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Reducing the production costs of existing products or services":
Pressure from foreign competitors
538
19
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
INTERVIEWER: SHOW CARD
Not at all important
Slightly important
Fairly important
Very important
How would you rate the importance of each of the following factors on key decisions about your business with respect to "Reducing the production costs of existing products or services":
Pressure from customers
548
9
1
Not at all important
2
Slightly important
3
Fairly important
4
Very important
5
Don't know
Sysmiss
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
Current capacity of utilisation
In your judgement, what is your firm’s current output in comparison with the maximum output possible
using its facilities/man power at the time? If you are using the facilities/man power to the full, answer
100%; if output was 60% of capacity, answer 60%. What was the capacity utilisation 36 months ago?
542
15
10
100
77.924
20.603
10
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Sysmiss
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
Capacity utilisation 36 months ago
In your judgement, what is your firm’s current output in comparison with the maximum output possible using its facilities/man power at the time? If you are using the facilities/man power to the full, answer 100%; if output was 60% of capacity, answer 60%. What was the capacity utilisation 36 months ago?
537
20
6
100
74.933
21.237
6
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
72
75
78
80
82
85
90
95
96
100
Sysmiss
How many hours per week does this establishment operate now and how many did it operate 36 months ago?
Now
502
55
16
98
59.604
15.354
16
18
24
35
36
38
40
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
52
54
55
56
58
60
62
63
65
66
68
70
71
72
73
75
76
77
78
80
83
84
90
91
92
96
98
Sysmiss
How many hours per week does this establishment operate now and how many did it operate 36 months ago?
36 months ago
499
58
2
98
58.295
15.453
I WOULD NOW LIKE TO ASK YOU SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE EMPLOYEES OF YOUR FIRM
How many permanent, full-time employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number).
Now
557
2
9000
112.61
526.211
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
33
35
36
39
40
42
43
45
46
47
48
50
51
52
54
55
56
58
59
60
62
63
64
65
66
69
70
71
72
74
75
77
80
85
86
90
94
95
100
102
110
112
115
119
120
125
128
130
142
150
160
164
170
185
200
210
213
215
250
251
255
256
260
270
274
275
280
300
310
320
350
355
360
400
415
450
500
550
600
680
700
800
900
1000
1500
1999
2000
2500
4700
5000
9000
How many permanent, full-time employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number).
36 months ago
546
11
1
5000
71.626
280.051
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
24
25
27
28
30
32
35
37
38
40
42
43
45
48
50
51
54
55
60
62
68
70
73
75
80
85
90
99
100
105
110
120
130
140
150
160
167
170
195
200
210
230
238
240
250
253
260
268
270
280
300
310
350
385
400
450
485
500
550
700
850
999
1500
2000
2500
5000
Sysmiss
How many part-time or temporary employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number)
Now
INTERVIEWER: IF IN ANY OF THE YEARS THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PART-TIME – WRITE 00000 WHERE APPLICABLE
106
451
1
999
32.057
112.939
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
13
15
19
20
30
35
40
45
50
100
190
248
253
500
999
Sysmiss
How many part-time or temporary employees does your firm have now and how many did it have 36 months ago? (give an estimate number)
36 months ago
INTERVIEWER: IF IN ANY OF THE YEARS THE RESPONDENT SAID NO PART-TIME – WRITE 00000 WHERE APPLICABLE
69
488
1
500
29.754
86.654
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
13
14
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
80
85
100
190
500
Sysmiss
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
Managers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Managers (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
540
17
75
13.896
14.181
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
25
30
33
34
35
36
40
44
50
55
60
70
75
Sysmiss
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
Professionals Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Professionals (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
540
17
90
10.348
16.194
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
22
23
25
28
29
30
33
35
40
42
45
50
54
57
60
65
67
75
77
80
81
87
90
Sysmiss
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
Skilled workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Skilled workers
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
540
17
100
49.476
27.787
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15
20
21
24
25
27
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
40
41
42
43
45
46
48
50
51
52
55
58
59
60
62
65
66
67
68
69
70
72
73
74
75
77
80
81
82
83
85
86
87
89
90
93
95
96
97
98
100
Sysmiss
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
Unskilled workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Unskilled workers
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
540
17
92
14.943
20.496
1
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
19
20
21
22
25
26
30
33
34
35
36
37
40
41
42
43
44
45
47
48
49
50
51
53
55
57
60
63
64
65
70
73
74
75
79
80
82
84
85
90
92
Sysmiss
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
Non-production workers Now
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Non-production workers (e.g., administration, sales)
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
540
17
100
11.337
15.788
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
19
20
21
22
25
28
30
34
35
40
45
50
52
54
59
60
67
70
100
Sysmiss
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
Managers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Managers (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
528
29
100
14.936
16.136
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
17
20
21
22
25
28
30
33
34
35
36
40
50
60
65
67
70
100
Sysmiss
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
Professionals 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Professionals (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
528
29
100
11.301
19.36
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
25
28
30
33
35
40
45
50
70
75
80
85
88
90
100
Sysmiss
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
Skilled workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Skilled workers
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
528
29
100
48.958
31.612
5
8
10
15
17
19
20
22
23
25
30
31
33
34
35
36
40
41
42
43
45
50
52
54
55
56
57
60
65
66
67
70
72
74
75
76
77
80
82
85
86
87
88
89
90
93
94
95
96
100
Sysmiss
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
Unskilled workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Unskilled workers
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
528
29
100
15.958
23.539
3
5
7
8
9
10
13
15
17
18
19
20
25
28
30
34
35
36
37
40
44
45
48
50
51
54
60
61
62
65
67
68
70
75
80
84
85
87
90
95
100
Sysmiss
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
Non-production workers 36 months ago
What percentage of your current permanent, full-time workers are managers, professionals, skilled workers, unskilled workers or non-production workers? What was the percentage 36 months ago?
Non-production workers (e.g., administration, sales)
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
528
29
100
8.847
16.411
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
14
15
17
19
20
25
30
33
34
35
36
40
45
50
52
60
70
75
80
100
Sysmiss
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
Primary school Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Up to primary school
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
555
2
100
20.843
27.59
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
10
15
16
17
20
23
24
25
27
30
31
33
34
35
37
39
40
44
48
50
55
60
65
66
70
75
78
80
83
84
85
90
95
96
100
Sysmiss
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
Vocational qualification Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Vocational qualification
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
555
2
100
16.719
23.659
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
12
15
16
17
18
19
20
25
30
33
34
35
40
42
44
45
47
50
55
57
60
65
67
70
75
80
90
100
Sysmiss
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
Secondary school qualification Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Secondary school qualification
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
555
2
100
41.485
32.35
1
3
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
18
20
25
26
30
31
32
33
34
35
38
40
45
47
49
50
51
52
55
57
60
64
65
66
67
70
71
75
77
80
82
83
84
85
86
90
92
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
Some university education or higher Now
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Some university education or higher
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
555
2
100
20.953
25.829
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
20
22
25
28
30
34
35
40
42
43
45
49
50
52
55
60
65
67
70
75
79
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
Primary school 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Up to primary school
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
520
37
100
21.825
28.305
2
3
5
8
10
15
16
17
20
25
30
33
34
35
40
43
50
55
60
70
75
78
80
84
85
90
91
92
95
100
Sysmiss
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
Vocational qualification 36 month ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Vocational qualification
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
520
37
100
16.456
23.231
2
3
5
6
7
10
11
14
15
16
17
18
20
25
30
32
33
35
40
44
45
50
55
60
65
67
70
73
75
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
Secondary school qualification 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Secondary school qualification
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
520
37
100
41.771
32.545
1
3
5
8
10
11
12
15
20
23
25
30
33
34
35
38
40
45
47
48
49
50
55
60
62
65
67
70
73
75
80
85
90
95
98
100
Sysmiss
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
Some university education or higher 36 months ago
What percentage of the workforce at your firm has education levels up to primary school, a vocational qualification, a secondary school qualification or some university education? What was the percentage in 36 months ago?
Some university education or higher
CHECK THAT THE TOTALS ARE 100%
520
37
100
19.948
25.771
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
14
15
17
20
22
25
30
34
35
40
45
50
52
55
60
67
70
75
79
80
85
90
100
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Manager (excluding those involve in shop floor supervision)?
445
112
1
13
2.663
2.055
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
13
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Professional (e.g., accountants, engineers, scientists)?
294
263
1
15
2.932
2.471
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
12
15
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Skilled worker?
471
86
1
14
2.299
1.843
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
12
14
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Unskilled worker?
286
271
1
12
1.378
1.219
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
11
12
Sysmiss
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
Weeks to fill vacancy
How much time did it take to fill your most recent vacancy for a:
Non-production worker (e.g., administration, sales)?
266
291
1
6
1.605
0.881
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Skilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS – WRITE 000
520
37
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Unskilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
277
280
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees?
Non-production workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
357
200
1
Yes
2
No
3
Don't Know
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Skilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
520
37
100
18
36.31
10
20
25
30
40
50
60
65
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Unskilled workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
277
280
100
21.372
39.18
10
20
30
40
50
70
90
100
Sysmiss
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
% Trained
Does your firm offer formal training to your employees? If yes, what percent of employees in each category received training over the last 12 months?
Non-production workers
INTERVIEWER: IF FIRM OFFERS FORMAL TRAINING TO AN EMPLOYEE CATEGORY BUT NO TRAINING WAS PROVIDED OVER THE LAST 12 MONTHS - WRITE 000
54
503
2
100
78
32.728
2
10
20
30
40
50
70
80
90
100
Sysmiss
How many working days did your firm lose over the last 12 months due to:
Strikes or other labour disputes?
INTERVIEWER: IF NO DAYS LOST – WRITE 000, WHERE APPLICABLE
557
50
0.237
2.675
1
3
7
10
15
30
50
How many working days did your firm lose over the last 12 months due to:
Civil unrest?
INTERVIEWER: IF NO DAYS LOST – WRITE 000, WHERE APPLICABLE
557
110
0.303
4.887
1
2
10
15
30
110
Now, I would like to ask you a hypothetical question. If you could change the number of regular full-time workers your firm currently employs without any restrictions (i.e. without seeking permission, making severance payments etc.), what would be your optimal level of employment as a percent of your existing workforce? (e.g., 90% implies you would reduce your workforce by 10%, 110% means you want to expand by 10%)
547
10
50
200
103.033
18.385
50
60
65
68
70
75
80
82
85
90
92
95
100
105
110
112
115
120
125
130
140
150
160
200
Sysmiss
If you can recall, did we interview you personally in the previous BEEPS survey, which we conducted in 2002?
INTERVIEWER THANK RESPONDENT:
Thank you very much for having taken the time to complete this questionnaire. The information on your perceptions is a very important input for the evaluation of conditions in the business environment and private sector relations with government, as well as for the formulation of policy advice.
557
1
Yes
2
No
INTERVIEWER: READ TO THE RESPONDENT:
WE MAY REPEAT THIS SURVEY IN ABOUT 2-3 YEARS TIME IN ORDER TO SEE HOW THE BUSINESS ENVIRONEMENT HAS CHANGED. TO THIS END, WE WOULD LIKE TO ESTABLISH A PANEL OF COMPANIES AND WOULD ASK FOR YOUR PERMISSION TO INCLUDE YOUR COMPANY’S NAME, ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER IN A COFIDENTIAL DATABASE. THIS INFORMATION MAY BE USED BY OUR COMPANY OR A DIFFERENT RESEARCH AGENCY IN ORDER TO INTERVIEW YOU AGAIN IN 2-3 YEARS TIME. DO WE HAVE YOUR PERMISSION TO INCLUDE THE ABOVE-MENTIONED COMPANY DETAILS IN OUR DATABASE?
557
1
Permission granted
2
Permission refused