ZAF_2011_AFB-R5_v01_M DDI_ZAF_2011_AFB-R5_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2020-02-26 Nesstar Publisher Version 01 (February 2020) Afrobarometer Survey 2011 Round 5 AFB-R5 2011 ZAF_2011_AFB-R5_v01_M The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Nesstar Publisher Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Round 4 surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in 20 countries, reflecting the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia. The fifth Round of surveys were done between October 2011 and June 2013. In the Round 5 surveys, the project covered an additional 15 countries in different regions of the continent. Among the new R5 countries were: Mauritius and Swaziland in Southern Africa; Burundi and Ethiopia in East Africa; Cameroon, Niger, Cote D’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Togo in West Africa. Afrobarometer also worked with the Arab Barometer and implemented R5 surveys in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco Sudan and Tunisia. Additional Round 5.5 surveys were also conducted in Mali and Zimbabwe. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, and Round 4 (2008) 20 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 5 (2011-2013). South Africa National coverage The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district. Households The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Citizens Surveys Face-to-face [f2f] Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics. Response rate of the survey was 59.4%. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. saf_r5_data_july_2015.NSDstat Afrobarometer round 5 survey data. 2399 350 Nesstar 200801 Respondent Number/QID RESPNO : Respondent Number 2399 0 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit URBRUR: Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit 2399 0 1 Urban 1616 2 Rural 783 PSU type PSU/EA 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Urban 1428 2 Rural 28 3 Rural Farm 240 4 Informal 172 5 Institution 16 6 Tribal 515 7 Other 0 Province or region Province 2399 0 700 Eastern Cape 320 701 Free State 196 702 Gauteng 412 703 Kwazulu Natal 400 704 Limpopo 211 705 Mpumalanga 208 706 North West 204 707 Northern Cape 152 708 Western Cape 296 EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 120 1 Yes 2279 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 391 1 Yes 2000 9 Can't determine 8 EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 671 1 Yes 1708 9 Can't determine 20 EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 203 1 Yes 2180 9 Can't determine 16 EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 1115 1 Yes 1280 9 Can't determine 4 EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 280 1 Yes 2119 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 1179 1 Yes 1212 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 852 1 Yes 1535 9 Can't determine 12 EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 1059 1 Yes 1336 9 Can't determine 4 EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 1283 1 Yes 1116 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 2331 1 Yes 68 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 2295 1 Yes 104 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-D. Roadblocks by private security in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 2355 1 Yes 44 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by local community in the PSU/EA 2399 0 0 No 2343 1 Yes 56 9 Can't determine 0 EA-ROAD. Tarred/ paved road 2399 0 0 No 688 1 Yes 1711 9 Can't determine 0 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 1 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 429 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 62 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 59 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 28 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 4 6 Did not fit gender quota 131 7 No adults in household 22 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 1664 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 2 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 199 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 79 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 49 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 42 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 6 Did not fit gender quota 90 7 No adults in household 17 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 1917 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 3 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 94 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 16 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 50 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 28 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 5 6 Did not fit gender quota 72 7 No adults in household 10 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2124 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 4 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 53 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 12 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 22 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 25 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 37 7 No adults in household 3 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2246 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 5 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 26 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 10 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 8 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 6 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 3 6 Did not fit gender quota 23 7 No adults in household 6 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2317 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 6 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 20 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 3 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 3 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 14 7 No adults in household 1 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2357 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - 7 It is your job to select a random (this means any) household. A household is a group of people who presently eat together from the same pot. 2399 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at leas 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2399 Previous interview, gender PREVINT. Previous interview was with a: 2399 0 0 First interview 222 1 Male 1099 2 Female 1078 This interview, gender THISINT. This interview must be with a: 2399 0 1 Male 1199 2 Female 1200 Number of adults in household ADULT_CT. Total number of adult citizens in the household Please record the total number of adults (men and women) in the household who are citizens of [Country]. Enter a two-digit number. 2399 0 -1 Missing 42 Number of calls How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 2399 0 1 1 2233 2 2 119 3 3 47 Date of Interview Date of interview [Interviewer: Enter day, month, and year] 2399 2011-10-20 2011-11-30 2011-10-20 18 2011-10-22 12 2011-10-24 19 2011-10-25 17 2011-10-26 39 2011-10-27 11 2011-10-28 35 2011-10-29 64 2011-10-30 73 2011-10-31 76 2011-11-01 91 2011-11-02 137 2011-11-03 187 2011-11-04 133 2011-11-05 93 2011-11-06 128 2011-11-07 118 2011-11-08 197 2011-11-09 192 2011-11-10 64 2011-11-11 71 2011-11-12 34 2011-11-13 21 2011-11-14 43 2011-11-15 87 2011-11-16 46 2011-11-17 64 2011-11-18 59 2011-11-19 72 2011-11-20 66 2011-11-21 31 2011-11-22 28 2011-11-23 48 2011-11-24 8 2011-11-26 16 2011-11-30 1 Time interview started Time interview started Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock 0 Q1. Age 1. How old are you? 2399 0 998 Refused 30 999 Don't know 8 Q2. Language of respondent 2. Which South African language is your home language? [Interviewer: Prompt if necessary: That is, the language of your group of origin.] 2399 0 1 English 355 3 Portuguese 2 700 Afrikaans 512 701 Ndebele 38 702 Xhosa 339 703 Pedi/Spedi/North Sotho 195 704 Sesotho/Sotho/South Sotho 150 705 Setswana/Tswana 236 706 Shangaan 61 707 Swazi 58 708 Venda 38 709 Zulu 404 710 Asian/Other 8 9995 Other 3 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don't know 0 Q2other. Language of respondent (verbatim) 2. Which South African language is your home language? [Interviewer: Prompt if necessary: That is, the language of your group of origin.] - Other [Specify] 3 0 Bulgarian 1 Chineese 1 Tsonga 1 Q3a. Country's present economic condition 2399 0 1 Very bad 459 2 Fairly bad 662 3 Neither good nor bad 413 4 Fairly good 688 5 Very good 143 9 Don't know 34 Q3b. Your present living conditions 2399 0 1 Very bad 307 2 Fairly bad 592 3 Neither good nor bad 453 4 Fairly good 808 5 Very good 231 9 Don't know 8 Q4. Your living conditions vs. others 4. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other South Africans? 2399 0 1 Much worse 107 2 Worse 504 3 Same 834 4 Better 729 5 Much better 188 9 Don't know 37 Q5a. Country's economic condition compared to 12 months ago 2399 0 1 Much worse 132 2 Worse 652 3 Same 853 4 Better 615 5 Much better 111 9 Don't know 36 Q5b. Your living conditions compared to 12 months ago 2399 0 1 Much worse 96 2 Worse 438 3 Same 1073 4 Better 634 5 Much better 146 9 Don't know 12 Q6a. Country's economic condition in 12 months time 2399 0 1 Much worse 124 2 Worse 390 3 Same 473 4 Better 932 5 Much better 393 9 Don't know 87 Q6b. Your living conditions in 12 months time 2399 0 1 Much worse 71 2 Worse 262 3 Same 595 4 Better 910 5 Much better 473 9 Don't know 88 Q7. Overall direction of the country 7. What about the overall direction of the country? Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or going in the right direction? 2399 0 1 Going in the wrong direction 1122 2 Going in the right direction 1103 9 Don't know 174 Q8a. How often gone without food 2399 0 0 Never 1613 1 Just once or twice 399 2 Several times 248 3 Many times 107 4 Always 29 9 Don't know 3 Q8b. How often gone without water 2399 0 0 Never 1552 1 Just once or twice 356 2 Several times 279 3 Many times 136 4 Always 74 9 Don't know 2 Q8c. How often gone without medical care 2399 0 0 Never 1570 1 Just once or twice 372 2 Several times 297 3 Many times 98 4 Always 55 9 Don't know 7 Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel 2399 0 0 Never 1598 1 Just once or twice 377 2 Several times 254 3 Many times 102 4 Always 34 9 Don't know 34 Q8e. How often gone without cash income 2399 0 0 Never 1166 1 Just once or twice 415 2 Several times 380 3 Many times 261 4 Always 172 9 Don't know 5 Q8f-SAF. How often gone without electricity 2399 0 0 Never 1129 1 Just once or twice 542 2 Several times 424 3 Many times 142 4 Always 90 7 No access to electricity 67 9 Don't know 5 Q9a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood 2399 0 0 Never 1026 1 Just once or twice 427 2 Several times 385 3 Many times 291 4 Always 267 9 Don't know 3 Q9b. How often feared crime in home 2399 0 0 Never 1174 1 Just once or twice 406 2 Several times 337 3 Many times 245 4 Always 233 9 Don't know 4 Q10a. Had something stolen from house If the respondent answers yes, follow by asking: Did this happen once, twice, or three or more times? 2399 0 0 No 1788 1 Yes, once 384 2 Yes. twice 137 3 Yes, three or more times 90 9 Don't know 0 Q10b. Have been physically attacked If the respondent answers yes, follow by asking: Did this happen once, twice, or three or more times? 2399 0 0 No 2140 1 Yes, once 183 2 Yes. twice 48 3 Yes, three or more times 28 9 Don't know 0 Q10c. Reported the incident to the police If respondent answered "Yes" to either question Q10A or Q10B, ask 10C. Was this incident reported to the police? 2399 0 -1 Missing 1 0 No 257 1 Yes 445 7 Not Applicable 1686 9 Don't know 10 Q11. Main reason for not reporting crimes to the police 11. Some people say that many crimes are never reported to the police. Based on your experience, what do you think is the main reason that many people do not report crimes like thefts or attacks to the police when they occur? 2399 0 -1 2 0 Most people do report crimes to the police 642 1 People don't have enough time to report crimes 74 2 No police or police station in the area/police station too f 125 3 Police don't listen or care 772 4 Police would have demanded money or a bribe to help 61 5 Police wouldn't have been be able to do anything 194 6 Police may be involved in the robbery or assault 65 7 Victim feared reprisal from attacker 220 8 Victim too ashamed or embarrassed 66 9 Crime was reported to some other authority like local govern 9 10 Lack of evidence or witnesses. 3 11 Criminal unknown / lack of suspect 0 12 People fear police / don't trust police 3 13 Crime was minor 1 14 Criminals were relatives or friends 1 15 Don't know how to report / ignorance 0 16 People forgive the criminals 1 700 Police take long to respond 14 9995 Other 55 9999 Don't know 91 Q11other. Reason for not reporting crimes to the police (verbatim) 11. Some people say that many crimes are never reported to the police. Based on your experience, what do you think is the main reason that many people do not report crimes like thefts or attacks to the police when they occur? Other [specify] 86 0 Afraid to be asked questions by the police 1 Corrupt and don't react. 1 Discouraged by the system 1 Emotionally distressed, so they can't think to report crime 1 Family members do crime 1 Fear of being caught as suspects 1 Fear of intimidation from police 1 Feeling pity for the perpetrators 1 He has not encountered crime 1 I want to solve it by myself. 1 If it's crime you can't describe the person 1 Intimidation 1 It is a long process. 1 It is difficult to identify 1 Jail is not a good place to send one to 1 Lack of evidence 3 Lack of resources from police 1 No actions are taken 1 No feedback from police 1 Normally victims are also on the wrong 1 Not efficient enough to solve 1 Others don't know who attacked 1 People are often scared to report crimes 1 People are scared to report crime 1 People don't respond quickly and this gives the criminal a chance to run away 1 People don't trust police 1 People just accept and don't really care 1 People sort things out amongst themselves 1 People want to take revenge 1 People who commit crime are strangers, so you can't report a person you don't know 1 Petty crime are not reported 1 Police are lazy and they take long to solve problems 1 Police are not efficient 1 Police are not responsible 1 Police are scared of the criminals 1 Police don't do anything about it 1 Police don't do their work 1 Police don't do their work to find criminals, they tell you also to look for the criminals 1 Police don't do their work well 1 Police don't have time for us 1 Police don't respond on time 1 Police don't satisfy community 1 Police have good relationship 1 Police just open dockets, 1 Police not helpful 1 Police react slowly 1 Police station is far 1 Police take a long time to respond 1 Police take long to respond 1 Police take time to respond to matters 1 Police take to long to respond 1 Police take too long to act 1 Police takes too long to respond 2 Police threatened by gangsters 1 Police took time to help 1 Police want some paper from local community 1 Reluctance to get responses 1 Response very slow 1 Service slow and not professional 1 She trusts both police and committee 1 Slow reaction from the police 1 Some of the people are criminals themselves 1 Some other people don't care 1 Some people do not know or not sure of the perpetrators 1 Some return the stolen goods 1 Some wants a revenge. 1 The pay revenge 1 The police very unreliable 1 The victims tries to resolve matters first with perpetrator, fear that their name will be disclosed 1 They are afraid to be victimised 1 They don't arrest the criminal 1 They have too much pride 1 They scared because victims might also have criminal cases, they may also be arrested 1 They take their time to come 1 They want to take revenge 1 They want to take the law into their own hands 1 Those people are some of the criminals 1 To avoid friction between neighbours 1 Too little crime here, no experience 1 Too much time involved for the police 1 Unable to identify the crooks 1 We don't have police station 1 We were still new in this location 1 Q12. If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance 12. If you were a victim of crime in this country, who, if anyone, would you go to first for assistance? 2399 0 -1 1 0 None of these/no effective assistance available 18 1 The police 1709 2 A security service or security company that you pay for 88 3 A traditional leader or traditional court 63 4 A street committee or local security organization 120 5 A powerful local person or local gang 13 6 You would personally take revenge 28 7 You would join with others to take revenge 15 8 Your own family or friends 272 9 The family of the perpetrator 28 10 Local government official 1 11 Neighbor 6 12 Employer oir landlord 3 13 God 0 9995 Other 11 9999 Don't know 23 Q12other. If a victim of crime, whom to go to first for assistance (verbatim) 12. If you were a victim of crime in this country, who, if anyone, would you go to first for assistance? Other [specify] 21 0 Boss /Farm owner 1 CPF community policing forum 1 Campus (SPB) 1 Caretaker 1 Chairman 1 Community forum 1 Contact a close neighbour 1 Councillor 1 Depends how big it is 1 Depends what type of situation 1 I defend myself 1 I will report to the landlord. 1 Neighbours 5 Police Forum 1 Respected person in community 1 Sort out amongst each other 1 The Farmers Wife 1 Q13a. Radio news 2399 0 0 Never 332 1 Less than once a month 53 2 A few times a month 117 3 A few times a week 575 4 Everyday 1317 9 Don't know 4 998 Refused 1 Q13b. Television news 2399 0 0 Never 237 1 Less than once a month 31 2 A few times a month 69 3 A few times a week 339 4 Everyday 1714 9 Don't know 8 998 Refused 1 Q13c. Newspaper news 2399 0 0 Never 704 1 Less than once a month 153 2 A few times a month 345 3 A few times a week 597 4 Everyday 588 9 Don't know 11 998 Refused 1 Q13d. Internet 2399 0 0 Never 1826 1 Less than once a month 65 2 A few times a month 84 3 A few times a week 148 4 Everyday 230 9 Don't know 45 998 Refused 1 Q14. Interest in public affairs 14. How interested would you say you are in public affairs? Prompt if necessary: You know, in politics and government? 2399 0 0 Not at all interested 448 1 Not very interested 572 2 Somewhat interested 798 3 Very interested 560 9 Don't know 20 998 Refused 1 Q15. Discuss politics 15. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters 2399 0 0 Never 712 1 Occasionally 1201 2 Frequently 474 9 Don't know 12 Q16. Politics and government too complicated 16. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me cannot really understand what is going on. Probe for strength of opinion: Doyou agree or agree very strongly? 2399 0 1 Strongly agree 557 2 Agree 996 3 Neither agree nor disagree 329 4 Disagree 313 5 Strongly disagree 171 9 Don`t know/Don`t understand 33 Q17a. Freedom to say what you think 2399 0 1 Not at all free 97 2 Not very free 291 3 Somewhat free 738 4 Completely free 1256 9 Don't know 17 Q17b. Freedom to join any political organizations 2399 0 1 Not at all free 84 2 Not very free 202 3 Somewhat free 576 4 Completely free 1510 9 Don`t know 27 Q17c. Freedom to choose who to vote for 2399 0 1 Not at all free 61 2 Not very free 136 3 Somewhat free 516 4 Completely free 1658 9 Don`t know 28 Q18. Leaders help own community vs. treat all equally 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 314 2 Agree with 1 465 3 Agree with 2 716 4 Agree very strongly with 2 823 5 Agree with neither 64 9 Don`t know 17 998 Refused 0 Q19. Government bans organizations vs. join any 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 245 2 Agree with 1 537 3 Agree with 2 783 4 Agree very strongly with 2 732 5 Agree with neither 67 9 Don`t know 35 998 Refused 0 Q20. Newspapers free to publish vs. government closes 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 644 2 Agree with 1 856 3 Agree with 2 463 4 Agree very strongly with 2 311 5 Agree with neither 84 9 Don`t know 41 998 Refused 0 Q21. Government like a parent vs. an employee 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 298 2 Agree with 1 473 3 Agree with 2 733 4 Agree very strongly with 2 742 5 Agree with neither 112 9 Don't know 41 998 Refused 0 Q22. Men only as leaders vs. women leaders ok 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 217 2 Agree with 1 340 3 Agree with 2 786 4 Agree very strongly with 2 967 5 Agree with neither 73 9 Don't know 16 998 Refused 0 Q23. Women have equal rights vs. subject to traditional laws 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 909 2 Agree with 1 886 3 Agree with 2 345 4 Agree very strongly with 2 178 5 Agree with neither 67 9 Don't know 14 998 Refused 0 Q24. Education recipient priority: boy vs ability 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 118 2 Agree with 1 304 3 Agree with 2 739 4 Agree very strongly with 2 931 5 Agree with neither 269 9 Don't know 38 998 Refused 0 Q25a. Member of religious group If respondent answered 0=Never for ALL PARTS of Q24, i.e. they NEVER contacted any of these leaders, circle code 7=Not applicable in both parts of Q25 2399 0 0 Not a Member 1301 1 Inactive Member 389 2 Active Member 647 3 Official Leader 34 9 Don't know 28 Q25b. Member of voluntary association or community group If respondent answered 0=Never for ALL PARTS of Q24, i.e. they NEVER contacted any of these leaders, circle code 7=Not applicable in both parts of Q25 2399 0 0 Not a Member 1817 1 Inactive Member 270 2 Active Member 253 3 Official Leader 29 9 Don't know 30 Q26a. Attend a community meeting 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 542 1 No, but would do if had the chance 589 2 Yes, once or twice 575 3 Yes, several times 545 4 Yes, often 145 9 Don't know 3 998 Refused 0 Q26b. Join others to raise an issue 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 733 1 No, but would do if had the chance 725 2 Yes, once or twice 457 3 Yes, several times 373 4 Yes, often 106 9 Don't know 5 998 Refused 0 Q26B1-SAF.Have you personally contacted a government department to raise an issue in the past year? 2399 0 0 Would never do this 934 1 Would if had the chance 1090 2 Once or twice 170 3 Several times 145 4 Often 46 9 Don't know 14 Q26B2-SAF.Have you personally contacted radio, TV or a newspaper to complain about an issue in the past year? 2399 0 0 Would never do this 1162 1 Would if had the chance 1052 2 Once or twice 98 3 Several times 52 4 Often 21 9 Don't know 14 Q26B3-SAF.Have you personally refused to pay services provided by government like water, electricity or property rates in the past year? 2399 0 0 Would never do this 1740 1 Would if had the chance 489 2 Once or twice 63 3 Several times 42 4 Often 28 9 Don't know 37 Q26c. Refused to pay tax or fee to government 2399 0 0 Would never do this 1880 1 Would if had the chance 361 2 Once or twice 48 3 Several times 37 4 Often 20 9 Don't know 53 Q26d. Attend a demonstration or protest march 2399 0 0 Would never do this 1472 1 Would if had the chance 657 2 Once or twice 130 3 Several times 74 4 Often 22 9 Don't know 44 Q26D1-SAF.Have you personally gone on strike in order to demand a higher salary or better working conditions in the past year? 2399 0 0 Would never do this 1481 1 Would if had the chance 649 2 Once or twice 100 3 Several times 64 4 Often 31 9 Don't know 74 Q26e. Used force or violence for a political cause 2399 0 0 Would never do this 2004 1 Would if had the chance 274 2 Once or twice 43 3 Several times 24 4 Often 8 9 Don't know 46 Q27. Voting in the most recent national election 27. With regard to the most recent national election in 2009, which statement is true for you? 2399 0 0 You were not registered 110 1 You voted in the elections 1755 2 You decided not to vote 203 3 You could not find the polling station 4 4 You were prevented from voting 5 5 You did not have time to vote 34 6 Did not vote because you could not find your name in the vot 14 7 Did not vote for some other reason 132 8 Too young to vote 134 9 Don’t Know / Can’t remember 8 Q28. Freeness and fairness of the last national election 28. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2009. Was it: 2399 0 1 Not free and fair 91 2 Free and fair, with major problems 358 3 Free and fair, but with minor problems 606 4 Completely free and fair 1216 8 Do not understand question 7 9 Don't know 121 Q29a. Last national election: attend a campaign meeting or rally Read the question in the language of the interview, but always state the word “democracy” in Arabic. Only translate ‘democracy’ into local language if respondent does not understand the term in the official national language. Record whether respondent understood word in Arabic or required a local language translation. Be sure to ask ALL questions of ALL respondents, even if they have difficulty understanding the term “democracy”. 2399 0 0 No 1926 1 Yes 468 9 Don't know 5 Q29b. Last national election: persuade others to vote for a certain candidate or party 2399 0 0 No 2247 1 Yes 147 9 Don't know 5 Q29c. Last national election: work for a candidate or party 2399 0 0 No 2282 1 Yes 110 9 Don't know 7 Q30a. Contact local government councillor 2399 0 0 Never 1817 1 Only once 286 2 A few times 214 3 Often 68 9 Don’t know 14 Q30b. Contact MP 2399 0 0 Never 2286 1 Only once 44 2 A few times 32 3 Often 17 9 Don’t know 20 Q30c. Contact official of a government agency 2399 0 0 Never 2218 1 Only once 77 2 A few times 54 3 Often 27 9 Don’t know 23 Q30d. Contact political party official 2399 0 0 Never 2132 1 Only once 112 2 A few times 98 3 Often 41 9 Don’t know 16 Q31a. Reject one-party rule 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 734 2 Disapprove 917 3 Neither Approve nor Disapprove 202 4 Approve 375 5 Strongly Approve 119 9 Don’t know 52 Q31b. Reject military rule 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 760 2 Disapprove 921 3 Neither Approve nor Disapprove 291 4 Approve 262 5 Strongly Approve 106 9 Don’t know 59 Q31c. Reject one-man rule 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 827 2 Disapprove 862 3 Neither Approve nor Disapprove 259 4 Approve 319 5 Strongly Approve 53 9 Don’t know 79 Q31d-SAF. Reject apartheid 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 1154 2 Disapprove 680 3 Neither Approve nor Disapprove 211 4 Approve 193 5 Strongly Approve 106 9 Don’t know 55 Q32. Support for democracy 32. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 2399 0 1 For someone like me, it doesn't matter what kind of governme 259 2 In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be pr 346 3 Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government 1736 9 Don't know 58 Q32-SAF.If a non-elected government or leader could impose law and order, and deliver houses and jobs how willing or unwilling would you be to give up regular elections and live under such a government? 32-SAF. If a non-elected government or leader could impose law and order, and deliver houses and jobs: How willing or unwilling would you be to give up regular elections and live under such a government? 2399 0 1 Very willing 660 2 Willing 833 3 Unwilling 462 4 Very unwilling 350 5 Don't know 94 Q33. Government gets things done but no citizen influence vs Govt. accountable to citizens Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 483 2 Agree with 1 718 3 Agree with 2 724 4 Agree very strongly with 2 363 5 Agree with neither 88 9 Don't know 23 998 Refused 0 Q34. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 1010 2 Agree with 1 829 3 Agree with 2 316 4 Agree very strongly with 2 186 5 Agree with neither 43 9 Don't know 15 998 Refused 0 Q35. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 189 2 Agree with 1 419 3 Agree with 2 893 4 Agree very strongly with 2 809 5 Agree with neither 74 9 Don't know 15 998 Refused 0 Q36. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 614 2 Agree with 1 765 3 Agree with 2 532 4 Agree very strongly with 2 388 5 Agree with neither 76 9 Don't know 24 998 Refused 0 Q37. Opposition parties examine government vs. cooperate 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 312 2 Agree with 1 514 3 Agree with 2 826 4 Agree very strongly with 2 671 5 Agree with neither 53 9 Don't know 23 998 Refused 0 Q38. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 794 2 Agree with 1 913 3 Agree with 2 353 4 Agree very strongly with 2 182 5 Agree with neither 124 9 Don't know 33 998 Refused 0 Q39. Parliament makes laws vs. president does 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 562 2 Agree with 1 954 3 Agree with 2 445 4 Agree very strongly with 2 184 5 Agree with neither 200 9 Don't know 54 998 Refused 0 Q40. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts Accept only one option. Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in Arabic. Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand term in official language. 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 188 2 Agree with 1 483 3 Agree with 2 794 4 Agree very strongly with 2 746 5 Agree with neither 143 9 Don't know 45 998 Refused 0 Q41. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits Only one option to be chosen. Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in Arabic. Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand Arabic term. 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 698 2 Agree with 1 929 3 Agree with 2 424 4 Agree very strongly with 2 193 5 Agree with neither 98 9 Don't know 57 998 Refused 0 Q42. Extent of democracy 42. In your opinion how much of a democracy is South Africa today? 2399 0 1 Not a democracy 78 2 A democracy, with major problems 775 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 905 4 A full democracy 610 8 Do not understand question/do not understand what 'democracy 11 9 Don't know 20 Q43. Satisfaction with democracy 43. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in South Africa? Are you: 2399 0 0 South Africa is not a democracy 8 1 Not at all satisfied 257 2 Not very satisfied 675 3 Fairly satisfied 992 4 Very satisfied 443 9 Do not know 24 Q44. Essential characteristics of democracy: equality, fair election, etc. 44. Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one of the things that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy? 2399 0 1 Government narrows the gap between the rich and the poor 612 2 People choose government leaders in free and fair elections 794 3 Government does not waste any public money 386 4 People are free to express their political views openly 389 8 None of these 169 9 Don't know 49 Q45. Essential characteristics of democracy: law and order, job, etc 45. And here is another list. Which one of these things would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy? 2399 0 1 Government ensures law and order 515 2 Media is free to criticize the things government does 413 3 Government ensures job opportunities for all 924 4 Multiple parties compete fairly in elections 349 8 None of these 143 9 Don't know 55 Q46a. Level of democracy: today 2399 0 0 00 48 1 01 35 2 02 59 3 03 101 4 04 172 5 05 438 6 06 443 7 07 469 8 08 365 9 09 145 10 10 101 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 23 Q46b. Level of democracy: ten years ago 2399 0 0 00 53 1 01 33 2 02 112 3 03 167 4 04 343 5 05 536 6 06 383 7 07 293 8 08 231 9 09 106 10 10 76 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 66 Q46c. Level of democracy: under previous non-democratic regime 2399 0 0 00 517 1 01 337 2 02 370 3 03 246 4 04 225 5 05 166 6 06 83 7 07 83 8 08 115 9 09 71 10 10 70 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 116 Q46d. Level of democracy: in the future 2399 0 0 00 33 1 01 17 2 02 32 3 03 35 4 04 38 5 05 59 6 06 49 7 07 87 8 08 241 9 09 467 10 10 1287 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 54 Q47a. Level of democracy: China For each part, enter a two- digit number between 00 and 10. For “Don't know / haven't heard enough” enter 99. 2399 0 0 00 136 1 01 57 2 02 120 3 03 115 4 04 158 5 05 234 6 06 175 7 07 188 8 08 184 9 09 84 10 10 88 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 860 Q47b. Level of democracy: USA For each part, enter a two- digit number between 00 and 10. For “Don't know / haven't heard enough” enter 99. 2399 0 0 00 38 1 01 12 2 02 26 3 03 37 4 04 94 5 05 134 6 06 194 7 07 253 8 08 384 9 09 300 10 10 295 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 632 Q47d. Level of democracy: Zimbabwe 2399 0 0 00 648 1 01 444 2 02 349 3 03 190 4 04 199 5 05 72 6 06 33 7 07 18 8 08 11 9 09 7 10 10 16 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 412 Q47e. Level of democracy: former Colonial Power For each part, enter a two- digit number between 00 and 10. For “Don't know / haven't heard enough” enter 99. 2399 0 0 00 49 1 01 15 2 02 27 3 03 47 4 04 90 5 05 154 6 06 138 7 07 249 8 08 372 9 09 258 10 10 274 99 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 726 Q48a. Courts make binding decisions 2399 0 1 Strongly Disagree 52 2 Disagree 215 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 225 4 Agree 1297 5 Strongly Agree 582 9 Don't know 28 Q48b. People must obey the law 2399 0 1 Strongly Disagree 61 2 Disagree 286 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 272 4 Agree 1187 5 Strongly Agree 571 9 Don't know 22 Q48c. People must pay taxes 2399 0 1 Strongly Disagree 66 2 Disagree 221 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 329 4 Agree 1097 5 Strongly Agree 542 9 Don't know 144 Q49. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 936 2 Agree with 1 930 3 Agree with 2 335 4 Agree very strongly with 2 116 5 Agree with neither 72 9 Don't know 10 998 Refused 0 Q50. Citizens must pay taxes vs. no need to tax the people 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 682 2 Agree with 1 980 3 Agree with 2 408 4 Agree very strongly with 2 228 5 Agree with neither 61 9 Don't know 40 998 Refused 0 Q51. Higher taxes with more govt services vs. lower taxes with fewer govt services 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 435 2 Agree with 1 756 3 Agree with 2 620 4 Agree very strongly with 2 259 5 Agree with neither 270 9 Don't know 59 998 Refused 0 Q52a. How often news media abuse its freedom 2399 0 0 Never 516 1 Rarely 845 2 Often 647 3 Always 287 9 Don't know 104 Q52b. How often party competition leads to conflict 2399 0 0 Never 540 1 Rarely 692 2 Often 777 3 Always 317 9 Don't know 73 Q52c. How often president ignores laws 2399 0 0 Never 895 1 Rarely 665 2 Often 517 3 Always 135 9 Don't know 187 Q52d. How often opposition parties silenced by government 2399 0 0 Never 950 1 Rarely 690 2 Often 448 3 Always 118 9 Don't know 193 Q52e. How often president ignore parliament 2399 0 0 Never 1066 1 Rarely 572 2 Often 449 3 Always 121 9 Don't know 191 Q53. How effective the news media reveals government mistakes and corruption 53. In this country, how effective is the news media in revealing government mistakes and corruption? 2399 0 0 Not at all effective 84 1 Not very effective 293 2 Somewhat effective 1021 3 Very effective 936 9 Don't know 65 Q54. How much fear political intimidation or violence 54. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political intimidation or violence? 2399 0 0 A lot 142 1 Somewhat 362 2 A little bit 562 3 Not at all 1300 9 Don't know 33 Q55. How likely powerful find out your vote 55. How likely do you think it is that powerful people can find out how you voted, even though there is supposed to be a secret ballot in this country? 2399 0 0 Not at all likely 1205 1 Not very likely 604 2 Somewhat likely 356 3 Very likely 141 9 Don't know 93 Q56a. How often careful what you say 2399 0 0 Never 559 1 Rarely 742 2 Often 605 3 Always 458 9 Don't know 35 Q56b. How often people treated unequally 2399 0 0 Never 497 1 Rarely 695 2 Often 848 3 Always 328 9 Don't know 31 Q56c. How often women treated unequally by traditional leaders 2399 0 0 Never 542 1 Rarely 679 2 Often 697 3 Always 282 9 Don't know 199 Q56d. How often women treated unequally by police and courts 2399 0 0 Never 674 1 Rarely 784 2 Often 615 3 Always 250 9 Don't know 76 Q56e. How often women treated unequally by employers 2399 0 0 Never 563 1 Rarely 781 2 Often 675 3 Always 262 9 Don't know 118 Q56f. How often officials unpunished 2399 0 0 Never 484 1 Rarely 567 2 Often 904 3 Always 408 9 Don't know 36 Q56g. How often ordinary people unpunished 2399 0 0 Never 654 1 Rarely 724 2 Often 711 3 Always 268 9 Don't know 42 Q56h. How often obtain household services without paying 2399 0 0 Never 590 1 Rarely 752 2 Often 647 3 Always 273 9 Don't know 137 Q56i. How often avoid paying taxes 2399 0 0 Never 623 1 Rarely 713 2 Often 606 3 Always 227 9 Don't know 230 Q57. Essential characteristics of democracy: legislature, government, people etc. 57. Let me ask you again about the most essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one of the things that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy? 2399 0 1 The legislature closely monitors the actions of the Presiden 468 2 Government provides basic necessities, like food, clothing a 683 3 People are free to form organizations to influence governmen 642 4 Public services, such as roads, water or sewerage, work well 322 8 None of these 206 9 Don’t know / Haven't heard enough 78 Q58. Essential characteristics of democracy: participation, no corruption, courts etc. 58. And here is another list. Which one of these things would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy? 2399 0 1 People are free to take part in demonstrations and protests 585 2 Politics is clean and free of corruption 745 3 The court protects ordinary people if the government mistrea 348 4 People receive aid from government, such as food parcels, wh 448 8 None of these 224 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 49 Q59a. Trust president 2399 0 0 Not at all 317 1 Just a little 588 2 Somewhat 869 3 A lot 606 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 19 Q59b. Trust parliament/national assembly 2399 0 0 Not at all 300 1 Just a little 696 2 Somewhat 960 3 A lot 403 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 40 Q59c. Trust national electoral commission 2399 0 0 Not at all 217 1 Just a little 456 2 Somewhat 877 3 A lot 765 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 84 Q59C1-SAF.Trust The Premier of this province 2399 0 0 Not at all 336 1 Just a little 626 2 Somewhat 877 3 A lot 442 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 118 Q59C2-SAF.Trust Your Provincial Government 2399 0 0 Not at all 304 1 Just a little 692 2 Somewhat 964 3 A lot 363 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 76 Q59D.How much do you trust The South African Revenue Service (SARS)? 2399 0 0 Not at all 186 1 Just a little 513 2 Somewhat 812 3 A lot 692 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 196 Q59e. Trust your elected local government council 2399 0 0 Not at all 486 1 Just a little 792 2 Somewhat 768 3 A lot 288 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 65 Q59f. Trust the ruling party 2399 0 0 Not at all 410 1 Just a little 576 2 Somewhat 753 3 A lot 635 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 25 Q59g. Trust opposition political parties 2399 0 0 Not at all 583 1 Just a little 734 2 Somewhat 786 3 A lot 220 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 76 Q59h. Trust police 2399 0 0 Not at all 399 1 Just a little 755 2 Somewhat 827 3 A lot 397 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 21 Q59H1-SAF.Trust The Office of the Public Protector 2399 0 0 Not at all 241 1 Just a little 525 2 Somewhat 838 3 A lot 517 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 278 Q59H2-SAF.Trust The National Prosecuting Authority, the NPA 2399 0 0 Not at all 252 1 Just a little 463 2 Somewhat 783 3 A lot 513 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 388 Q59H3-SAF.Trust The Directorate of Priority Crime Investigations, the Hawks 2399 0 0 Not at all 242 1 Just a little 497 2 Somewhat 778 3 A lot 551 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 331 Q59i. Trust army 2399 0 0 Not at all 220 1 Just a little 472 2 Somewhat 831 3 A lot 753 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 123 Q59j. Trust courts of law 2399 0 0 Not at all 192 1 Just a little 517 2 Somewhat 989 3 A lot 629 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 72 Q59K-SAF.Trust Government broadcasting service, you know SABC TV and radio 2399 0 0 Not at all 152 1 Just a little 466 2 Somewhat 984 3 A lot 741 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 56 2399 0 0 Not at all 141 1 Just a little 486 2 Somewhat 934 3 A lot 738 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 100 Q59M-SAF.Trust Independent newspapers 2399 0 0 Not at all 236 1 Just a little 546 2 Somewhat 965 3 A lot 514 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 138 Q60a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 2399 0 0 None 201 1 Some of them 1242 2 Most of them 624 3 All of them 206 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 126 Q60b. Corruption: Members of Parliament 2399 0 0 None 151 1 Some of them 1188 2 Most of them 768 3 All of them 168 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 124 Q60c. Corruption: government officials 2399 0 0 None 134 1 Some of them 1030 2 Most of them 926 3 All of them 218 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 91 Q60d. Corruption: local government councilors 2399 0 0 None 147 1 Some of them 971 2 Most of them 856 3 All of them 331 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 94 Q60e. Corruption: police 2399 0 0 None 107 1 Some of them 1043 2 Most of them 921 3 All of them 280 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 48 Q60f. Corruption: tax officials 2399 0 0 None 445 1 Some of them 1015 2 Most of them 416 3 All of them 116 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 407 Q60g. Corruption: judges and magistrates 2399 0 0 None 411 1 Some of them 1112 2 Most of them 492 3 All of them 146 9 Don't know/Haven't heard 238 Q61a. Pay bribe for: document or permit 2399 0 0 Never 1572 1 Once or twice 75 2 A few times 40 3 Often 15 7 No experience with this in past year 689 9 Don't know 8 Q61b. Pay bribe for: water or sanitation services 2399 0 0 Never 1642 1 Once or twice 77 2 A few times 47 3 Often 15 7 No experience with this in past year 612 9 Don't know 6 Q61c. Pay bribe for: treatment at local health clinic or hospital 2399 0 0 Never 1642 1 Once or twice 88 2 A few times 65 3 Often 22 7 No experience with this in past year 574 9 Don't know 8 Q61d. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police 2399 0 0 Never 1592 1 Once or twice 86 2 A few times 52 3 Often 14 7 No experience with this in past year 642 9 Don't know 13 Q61e. Pay bribe for: school placement 2399 0 0 Never 1615 1 Once or twice 75 2 A few times 32 3 Often 25 7 No experience with this in past year 639 9 Don't know 13 Q61f. Election incentives offered 2399 0 -1 4 0 Never 2238 1 Once or twice 49 2 A few times 44 3 Often 16 7 No experience with this in past year 0 9 Don't know 48 Q62a. MPs listen 2399 0 0 Never 991 1 Once sometimes 811 2 Often 390 3 Always 89 9 Don't know 118 Q62b. Local government councilors listen 2399 0 0 Never 995 1 Once sometimes 865 2 Often 344 3 Always 125 9 Don't know 70 Q63pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 63. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/no problems 0 1 Management of the economy 106 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 48 3 Unemployment 1050 4 Poverty/destitution 172 5 Rates and Taxes 20 6 Loans/credit 4 7 Farming/agriculture 16 8 Food shortage/famine 9 9 Drought 1 10 Land 2 11 Transportation 8 12 Communications 4 13 Infrastructure/roads 78 14 Education 60 15 Housing 175 16 Electricity 54 17 Water supply 79 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 11 19 Services 9 20 Health 39 21 AIDS 22 22 Sickness/Disease 5 23 Crime and Security 223 24 Corruption 141 25 Political violence 7 26 Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions 7 27 Discrimination/Inequality 7 28 Gender issues/women’s rights 2 29 Democracy/political rights 4 30 War 0 31 Civil war 2 32 Agricultural marketing 5 700 Drug abuse / Substance abuse 5 701 Xenophobia/foreigners/immigration 14 9995 Other 10 9999 Don’t know 0 Q63pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) 63. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response (Other specify) 18 0 Abortion 1 Alcohol Abuse 2 Bad Leadership - Zuma 1 Child Abuse 1 Drug Abuse 2 Drugs 1 Foreign Investment 1 Give grants to the unemployed 1 Govt should have a cleansing ceremony 4 all those 1 Incompentencies lack of skills 1 Increase pension for the Aged 1 Overpopulation 1 People littering all over. 1 Sanitation 1 Spiritual Salvation 1 Teenage pregnancy 1 Q63pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 63. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response 2399 0 1 Management of the economy 42 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 24 3 Unemployment 379 4 Poverty/destitution 186 5 Rates and Taxes 23 6 Loans/credit 4 7 Farming/agriculture 23 8 Food shortage/famine 41 9 Drought 9 10 Land 9 11 Transportation 30 12 Communications 20 13 Infrastructure/roads 143 14 Education 144 15 Housing 309 16 Electricity 104 17 Water supply 126 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 39 19 Services 29 20 Health 97 21 AIDS 60 22 Sickness/Disease 19 23 Crime and Security 253 24 Corruption 187 25 Political violence 10 26 Political instability/political divisions/ ethnic tensions 12 27 Discrimination/ inequality 13 28 Gender issues/women’s rights 7 29 Democracy/political rights 9 30 War 0 31 Civil war 3 32 Agricultural marketing 6 96 No further reply 4 700 Drug abuse / Substance abuse 2 701 Xenophobia/foreigners/immigration 19 9995 Other 14 Q63pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) 63. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response (other specify) 24 0 Broken promises 1 Build Recreation Centres 1 Community Hall 1 Crime 1 Disaster Management 1 Grants 1 Grassroot political education 1 High electric tarriffs 1 High price of petrol 1 Increase Pension 1 Increase pension grant 1 Labour brokers 1 Loitering 1 Lower the price of food 1 Malema 1 People like to be at top possible 1 Police Stations 1 Poor police service 1 Respect 1 Socialist values 1 Street lights not installed. 1 Substance Abuse 1 Substance abuse 1 Youth Disrespect 1 Q63pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 63. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response 2399 0 1 Management of the economy 33 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 31 3 Unemployment 223 4 Poverty/destitution 146 5 Rates and Taxes 28 6 Loans/credit 2 7 Farming/agriculture 20 8 Food shortage/famine 19 9 Drought 6 10 Land 10 11 Transportation 33 12 Communications 10 13 Infrastructure/roads 105 14 Education 143 15 Housing 195 16 Electricity 93 17 Water supply 99 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 37 19 Services 21 20 Health 155 21 AIDS 95 22 Sickness/Disease 35 23 Crime and Security 287 24 Corruption 341 25 Political violence 28 26 Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions 8 27 Discrimination/inequality 21 28 Gender issues/women’s rights 14 29 Democracy/political rights 18 30 War 0 31 Civil war 1 32 Agricultural marketing 5 96 No further reply 42 700 Drug abuse / Substance abuse 3 701 Xenophobia/foreigners/immigration 38 9995 Other 26 9996 No further reply 28 Q63pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) 63. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response (other specify) 37 0 Child grant abuse 1 Councilors must be disciplined 1 Customer Airline Service 1 Development 1 Domestic Violence 1 Draining, water 1 Drug Abuse 1 Drug abuse 1 Drugs / Abuse of Drugs 1 Equal rights to all 1 Firearm Act 1 Food prices 1 Give equal pensions money irrespective of race. 1 Give every household a dustbin 1 Global Warming 1 Globalisation 1 Increase child grant 1 Increase for government employees 1 Investors are scared 1 Justice and equality 1 Minimise contracts 1 Pregnancy - Teenage 1 Prostitution 1 Provide more sports facilities 1 Rape 1 Safety of children 1 Sanitation 2 Services of old age 1 Shopping Mall 1 Shopping complex 1 Sport 1 Sport facilities 1 Sports 1 Teenage Pregnancy 1 Toilets 1 Youth problems 1 Q64. How likely government will solve this problem within the next five years 64. Taking the problem that you mentioned first [Interviewer: remind respondent of first problem identified], how likely do you think it is that government will solve this problem within the next five years? 2399 0 -1 Missing 15 0 Not at all likely 329 1 Not very likely 547 2 Somewhat likely 1022 3 Very likely 411 7 Not applicable 0 9 Don’t know 75 Q65a. Handling managing the economy 2399 0 1 Very badly 528 2 Fairly badly 764 3 Fairly well 898 4 Very well 172 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 37 Q65b. Handling improving living standards of the poor 2399 0 1 Very badly 670 2 Fairly badly 928 3 Fairly well 673 4 Very well 111 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 17 Q65c. Handling creating jobs 2399 0 1 Very badly 1032 2 Fairly badly 815 3 Fairly well 460 4 Very well 79 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 13 Q65d. Handling keeping prices down 2399 0 1 Very badly 951 2 Fairly badly 900 3 Fairly well 441 4 Very well 84 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 23 Q65e. Handling narrowing income gaps 2399 0 1 Very badly 908 2 Fairly badly 909 3 Fairly well 468 4 Very well 74 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 40 Q65f. Handling reducing crime 2399 0 1 Very badly 734 2 Fairly badly 780 3 Fairly well 678 4 Very well 190 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 17 Q65g. Handling improving basic health services 2399 0 1 Very badly 354 2 Fairly badly 610 3 Fairly well 1057 4 Very well 360 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 18 Q65h. Handling addressing educational needs 2399 0 1 Very badly 258 2 Fairly badly 530 3 Fairly well 1063 4 Very well 521 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 27 Q65i. Handling providing water and sanitation services 2399 0 1 Very badly 364 2 Fairly badly 617 3 Fairly well 1007 4 Very well 399 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 12 Q65j. Handling ensuring enough to eat 2399 0 1 Very badly 594 2 Fairly badly 842 3 Fairly well 668 4 Very well 200 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 95 Q65k. Handling fighting corruption 2399 0 1 Very badly 840 2 Fairly badly 738 3 Fairly well 616 4 Very well 175 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 30 Q65l. Handling resolving violent conflict between communities 2399 0 1 Very badly 428 2 Fairly badly 747 3 Fairly well 870 4 Very well 230 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 124 Q65m. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS 2399 0 1 Very badly 245 2 Fairly badly 436 3 Fairly well 1002 4 Very well 685 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 31 Q65n. Handling maintaining roads and bridges 2399 0 1 Very badly 383 2 Fairly badly 640 3 Fairly well 978 4 Very well 385 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 13 Q65o. Handling providing reliable electric supply 2399 0 1 Very badly 287 2 Fairly badly 538 3 Fairly well 1138 4 Very well 417 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 19 Q65p. Handling empowering women 2399 0 1 Very badly 256 2 Fairly badly 575 3 Fairly well 984 4 Very well 494 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 90 Q65Q-SAF. Handling uniting all South Africans into one nation 2399 0 1 Very badly 286 2 Fairly badly 555 3 Fairly well 986 4 Very well 543 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 29 Q65R-SAF. Handling distributing welfare payments to those who are entitled to them 2399 0 1 Very badly 193 2 Fairly badly 356 3 Fairly well 882 4 Very well 936 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 32 Q65S-SAF. Handling managing immigration 2399 0 1 Very badly 824 2 Fairly badly 667 3 Fairly well 608 4 Very well 201 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 99 Q66a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads 2399 0 1 Very badly 612 2 Fairly badly 685 3 Fairly well 872 4 Very well 219 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 11 Q66b. Local govt. handling maintaining local markets 2399 0 1 Very badly 510 2 Fairly badly 741 3 Fairly well 753 4 Very well 185 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 210 Q66c. Local govt. handling health standards in restaurants 2399 0 1 Very badly 454 2 Fairly badly 699 3 Fairly well 803 4 Very well 215 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 228 Q66d. Local govt. handling keeping community clean 2399 0 1 Very badly 440 2 Fairly badly 607 3 Fairly well 890 4 Very well 405 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 57 Q66e. Local govt. handling the use of land 2399 0 1 Very badly 539 2 Fairly badly 743 3 Fairly well 709 4 Very well 203 9 Don't know / Haven't heard enough 205 Q66F-SAF.In the past year, have you yourself seen any problems with the way local government is run? 66F-SAF. In the past year, have you yourself seen any problems with the way local government is run? 2399 0 0 Yes 1077 1 No 1259 2 Don't know 63 Q66H-SAF.How often, discuss the problem with other people in your community 66H-SAF. Discuss the problem with other people in your community? If respondent answered "yes" or "Don't know" to Q66F-SAF 2399 0 1 Never 308 2 Once or twice 387 3 Several times 307 4 Many times 126 5 Not Applicable/Saw no problems 1270 9 Don't know 1 Q66I-SAF.How often, join with others in your community to address the problem 66I-SAF. Join with others in your community to address the problem? 2399 0 1 Never 470 2 Once or twice 296 3 Several times 267 4 Many times 89 5 Not Applicable/Saw no problems 1274 9 Don't know 3 Q66J-SAF.How often, discuss the problems with other community, religious, or traditional leaders 66J-SAF. Discuss the problems with other community, religious, or traditional leaders? 2399 0 1 Never 695 2 Once or twice 198 3 Several times 152 4 Many times 59 5 Not Applicable/Saw no problems 1286 9 Don't know 9 Q66K-SAF.How often, write a letter to a newspaper or call a radio show 66K-SAF. Write a letter to a newspaper or call a radio show? 2399 0 1 Never 948 2 Once or twice 64 3 Several times 50 4 Many times 22 5 Not Applicable/Saw no problems 1304 9 Don't know 11 Q66L-SAF.How often, make a complaint to local government officials, for example, by going in person or by writing a letter 66L-SAF. Make a complaint to local government officials, for example, by going in person or by writing a letter? 2399 0 1 Never 870 2 Once or twice 126 3 Several times 74 4 Many times 30 5 Not Applicable/Saw no problems 1290 9 Don't know 9 Q66M-SAF.How often, make a complaint to other government officials, for example, by going in person or by writing a letter 66M-SAF. Make a complaint to other government officials, for example, by going in person or by writing a letter? 2399 0 1 Never 912 2 Once or twice 107 3 Several times 55 4 Many times 30 5 Not Applicable/Saw no problems 1286 9 Don't know 9 Q660-SAF.Grade you would give the way the country was governed under apartheid 2399 0 0 Worst form of governing a country 332 1 01 251 2 02 328 3 03 310 4 04 316 5 05 229 6 06 145 7 07 121 8 08 107 9 09 48 10 Best form of governing the country 68 99 Don't know 144 Q66P-SAF. Grade you would give our current system of government with regular elections where everyone can vote and there are at least two political parties. 2399 0 0 Worst form of governing a country 41 1 01 46 2 02 80 3 03 99 4 04 210 5 05 381 6 06 416 7 07 482 8 08 346 9 09 108 10 Best form of governing the country 106 99 Don't know 84 Q66Q-SAF.Grade would you give the political system of this country as you expect it to be in 10 years time. 2399 0 0 Worst form of governing a country 33 1 01 35 2 02 48 3 03 54 4 04 54 5 05 94 6 06 104 7 07 139 8 08 298 9 09 445 10 Best form of governing the country 969 99 Don't know 126 Q67a. Difficulty to obtain identity document 2399 0 1 Very Difficult 139 2 Difficult 428 3 Easy 1084 4 Very Easy 604 5 Never Try 123 9 Don’t know 21 Q67b. Difficulty to obtain household services 2399 0 1 Very Difficult 180 2 Difficult 659 3 Easy 962 4 Very Easy 375 5 Never Try 185 9 Don’t know 38 Q67c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police 2399 0 1 Very Difficult 288 2 Difficult 780 3 Easy 892 4 Very Easy 257 5 Never Try 164 9 Don’t know 18 Q67d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement 2399 0 1 Very Difficult 53 2 Difficult 254 3 Easy 1108 4 Very Easy 496 5 Never Try 370 9 Don’t know 118 Q67e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment 2399 0 1 Very Difficult 163 2 Difficult 534 3 Easy 1039 4 Very Easy 379 5 Never Try 234 9 Don’t know 50 Q68a. Problems with schools: too expensive 2399 0 -1 Missing 74 0 Never 1087 1 Once or twice 182 2 A few times 112 3 Often 90 7 No experience with public schools in the past year 832 9 Don’t know 22 Q68b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies 2399 0 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 999 1 Once or twice 273 2 A few times 142 3 Often 84 7 No experience with public schools in the past year 877 9 Don’t know 23 Q68c. Problems with schools: poor teaching 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1022 1 Once or twice 215 2 A few times 162 3 Often 93 7 No experience with public schools in the past year 877 9 Don’t know 30 Q68d. Problems with schools: absent teachers 2399 0 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 897 1 Once or twice 290 2 A few times 194 3 Often 97 7 No experience with public schools in the past year 877 9 Don’t know 43 Q68e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms 2399 0 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 922 1 Once or twice 222 2 A few times 175 3 Often 172 7 No experience with public schools in the past year 877 9 Don’t know 29 Q68f. Problems with schools: poor facilities 2399 0 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 965 1 Once or twice 239 2 A few times 148 3 Often 143 7 No experience with public schools in the past year 877 9 Don’t know 25 Q69a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive 2399 0 -1 Missing 104 0 Never 1261 1 Once or twice 229 2 A few times 171 3 Often 76 7 No experience with public clinics in the past year 547 9 Don’t know 11 Q69b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 830 1 Once or twice 471 2 A few times 338 3 Often 176 7 No experience with public clinics in the past year 569 9 Don’t know 15 Q69c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 788 1 Once or twice 367 2 A few times 377 3 Often 287 7 No experience with public clinics in the past year 569 9 Don’t know 11 Q69d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors 2399 0 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 802 1 Once or twice 401 2 A few times 363 3 Often 229 7 No experience with public clinics in the past year 569 9 Don’t know 34 Q69e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 528 1 Once or twice 261 2 A few times 461 3 Often 574 7 No experience with public clinics in the past year 569 9 Don’t know 6 Q69f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1021 1 Once or twice 350 2 A few times 249 3 Often 196 7 No experience with public clinics in the past year 569 9 Don’t know 14 Q70a. Received free visits or medicines 2399 0 0 No 1792 1 Yes 594 9 Don’t know 13 Q70b. Received food for children 2399 0 0 No 2029 1 Yes 347 9 Don’t know 23 Q70c. Received pension or grant 2399 0 0 No 1586 1 Yes 795 9 Don’t know 18 Q71a. Performance: President 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 198 2 Disapprove 655 3 Approve 1116 4 Strongly Approve 364 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 66 Q71b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 175 2 Disapprove 768 3 Approve 1070 4 Strongly Approve 200 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 186 Q71B1-SAF.Performance: Provincial Premier 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 209 2 Disapprove 687 3 Approve 1002 4 Strongly Approve 262 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 239 Q71c. Performance: local government councilor 2399 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 395 2 Disapprove 835 3 Approve 812 4 Strongly Approve 140 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 217 Q72a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 2399 0 0 The President / Executive 1043 1 The Parliament / Local Council 481 2 Their Political Party 423 3 The Voters 369 4 No One 9 9 Don’t know 74 Q72b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs 2399 0 0 The President / Executive 549 1 The Parliament / Local Council 825 2 Their Political Party 448 3 The Voters 507 4 No One 7 9 Don’t know 63 Q72c. Who responsible: president does job 2399 0 0 The President / Executive 662 1 The Parliament / Local Council 722 2 Their Political Party 377 3 The Voters 504 4 No One 30 9 Don’t know 104 Q72-SAF Responsibility: Local councilor 72-SAF. What is the main function of your local councillor? 2399 0 0 Making laws for the good of the community 225 1 Hold local government officials accountable 207 2 Help solve community problems 1016 3 Represent the interests of those who voted for him or her 209 4 Represent the interests of everyone in the community 648 5 Represent his or her political party 37 8 Other [specify] 4 9 Don’t know 53 Q72-SAFOTHER.Other Responsibility: Councilor 72-SAF. What is the main function of your local councillor? Other specify 4 0 Consider the poor fisrt 1 For themselves 1 Local council does not do any of above. 1 To provide services and needs to community members. 1 Q72-SAFOTHER.Other Responsibility: Councilor 72-SAF. What is the main function of your local councillor? Other specify 0 0 Q73a. Payments required: general sales tax 2399 0 0 No, I am not required to pay 541 1 Yes, I am required to pay 1679 9 Don’t know 179 Q73b. Payments made: license fees to local government 2399 0 0 No, I am not required to pay 944 1 Yes, I am required to pay 1110 9 Don’t know 345 Q73c. Payments made: property rates or taxes 2399 0 0 No, I am not required to pay 743 1 Yes, I am required to pay 1353 9 Don’t know 303 Q73d. Payments made: income taxes 2399 0 0 No, I am not required to pay 149 1 Yes, I am required to pay 645 7 Not Applicable 1504 9 Don’t know 101 Q73e. Payments required: self-employer taxes 2399 0 0 No, I am not required to pay 134 1 Yes, I am required to pay 175 7 Not Applicable 1990 9 Don’t know 100 Q74. Payments required to powerful people 74. In the last year, how often have powerful people or groups other than government, such as criminals or gangs, made people in your community or neighbourhood pay them money in return for protecting them, their property or their businesses? 2399 0 0 Never 1992 1 Only once 107 2 A few times 90 3 Often 37 9 Don’t know 173 Q75a. Difficulty to find out what taxes or fees to pay 2399 0 1 Very Easy 93 2 Easy 756 3 Difficult 734 4 Very Difficult 325 9 Don’t know 491 Q75b. Difficulty to find out how government uses the revenues 2399 0 1 Very Easy 59 2 Easy 459 3 Difficult 899 4 Very Difficult 473 9 Don’t know 509 Q75c. Difficulty to avoid paying taxes 2399 0 1 Very Easy 66 2 Easy 403 3 Difficult 818 4 Very Difficult 469 7 Don’t have to pay taxes 154 9 Don’t know 489 Q76a. Right or wrong: not paying for the government services 2399 0 1 Not wrong at all 152 2 Wrong but understandable 1125 3 Wrong and punishable 1012 9 Don’t know 110 Q76b. Right or wrong: not paying the taxes 2399 0 1 Not wrong at all 123 2 Wrong but understandable 846 3 Wrong and punishable 1301 9 Don’t know 129 Q76C-SAF.Right or wrong: Attending a non-violent demonstration or protest march 2399 0 1 Not wrong at all 1091 2 Wrong but understandable 644 3 Wrong and punishable 516 9 Don’t know 148 Q76D-SAF.Right or wrong: Using force or violence during a protest 2399 0 1 Not wrong at all 85 2 Wrong but understandable 457 3 Wrong and punishable 1735 9 Don’t know 122 Q77. Why avoid paying taxes 77. What do you think is the main reason that some people avoid paying government the taxes and fees that they owe? 2399 0 0 People don’t avoid paying 208 1 The tax system is unfair 183 2 The taxes are too high 515 3 People cannot afford to pay 647 4 The poor services they receive from government 276 5 Government does not listen to them 85 6 Government wastes tax money 197 7 Government officials steal tax money 76 8 They know they will not be caught 31 9 Greed / selfishness 0 10 Ignorance, don't know how to pay or don't understand need to 9 9995 Other 5 9999 Don’t know 167 Q77other. Why avoid paying taxes (verbatim) 77. What do you think is the main reason that some people avoid paying government the taxes and fees that they owe? Other [specify] 18 0 Do not see benefits of tax 1 Don't understand taxation benefit 1 Government corruption 1 Government is not strict 1 Ignorance 1 Lack of information 1 Many people are unemployed 1 People don't understand it 1 People don't understand what its for 1 People dont know what the tax 1 She asks what does that have to do with government 1 The goverment is making money 1 They don't know where the money goes to 1 They don't understand its use 1 They don't understand taxation 1 They get nothing in return. 1 They want to save their money 1 Unemployment 1 Q77other. Why avoid paying taxes (verbatim) 77. What do you think is the main reason that some people avoid paying government the taxes and fees that they owe? Other [specify] 0 0 Q78. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 748 2 Agree with 1 916 3 Agree with 2 432 4 Agree very strongly with 2 155 5 Agree with neither 110 9 Don't know 38 998 Refused 0 Q79-SAF.(1) The government should be able to restrict access to any information it sees fit, even if this allows it to cover up mistakes and corruption. (2)The government should only be able to restrict access to information that is vital to national 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 278 2 Agree with 1 612 3 Agree with 2 805 4 Agree very strongly with 2 382 5 Agree with neither 216 9 Don't know 106 998 Refused 0 Q81-SAF.(1) Government should improve the quality of the public health system, although this will require that some people have to pay more taxes. (2)People cannot afford to pay more taxes; we should keep the present public health system 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 395 2 Agree with 1 790 3 Agree with 2 705 4 Agree very strongly with 2 337 5 Agree with neither 132 9 Don't know 40 998 Refused 0 Q82A-SAF.People who are persecuted for political reasons in their own countries deserve protection in South Africa. 2399 0 1 Strongly disagree 477 2 Disagree 621 3 Neither agree nor disagree 332 4 Agree 714 5 Strongly agree 180 9 Don’t know 75 Q82B-SAF.Foreigners should not be allowed to live in South Africa because they take jobs and benefits away from South Africans 2399 0 1 Strongly disagree 391 2 Disagree 561 3 Neither agree nor disagree 348 4 Agree 661 5 Strongly agree 415 9 Don’t know 23 Q83A-SAF.How likely is it that you would take part in action to prevent people who have come here from other countries in Africa from moving into your neighbourhood 2399 0 1 Very likely 285 2 Likely 470 3 Not very likely 818 4 Not likely at all 780 9 Don’t know 46 Q83B-SAF.How likely is it that you would take part in action to prevent people who have come here from other countries in Africa from operating a business in your area 2399 0 1 Very likely 360 2 Likely 458 3 Not very likely 714 4 Not likely at all 819 9 Don’t know 48 Q84. Tribe or ethnic group 84. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? 2399 0 700 English 152 701 Afrikaans/Afrikaner/Boer 228 702 Ndebele 35 703 Xhosa 332 704 Pedi/Spedi/North Sotho 158 705 Sesotho/Sotho/South Sotho 170 706 Setswana/Tswana 215 707 Shangaan 58 708 Swazi 57 709 Venda 36 710 Zulu 374 711 White/European 82 712 Coloured 216 713 Indian 76 990 South African only or doesn’t think of self in those terms 198 998 Refused 6 999 Don’t know 1 9995 Other 5 Q84other. Tribe or ethnic group(verbatim) 84. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? Other [specify] 5 0 Black South African 1 Bulgarian 1 Farm worker 1 Muslim 2 Q84other. Tribe or ethnic group(verbatim) 84. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? Other [specify] 0 0 Q85a. Ethnic group treated unfairly 85A. How often are ___________s [R’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government? 2399 0 -1 Missing 35 0 Never 1230 1 Sometimes 508 2 Often 220 3 Always 158 7 Not applicable 205 9 Don’t know 43 Q85b. Ethnic or national identity 85B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a South African and being a ________[R’s ETHNIC GROUP]. Which of the following statements best expresses your feelings? 2399 0 -1 Missing 5 1 I feel only ... 37 2 148 3 I feel equally South African and ... 475 4 I feel more South African than ... 173 5 I feel only South African 1345 7 Not applicable 205 9 Don’t know 11 Q85c. Proud of nationality 85C. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: It makes you proud to be called a South African. 2399 0 1 Strongly disagree 138 2 Disagree 53 3 Neither agree nor disagree 66 4 Agree 736 5 Strongly Agree 1398 9 Don’t know 8 Q85D-SAF.Children to think of themselves as South African 2399 0 1 Strongly disagree 60 2 Disagree 71 3 Neither agree nor disagree 84 4 Agree 1090 5 Strongly Agree 1086 9 Do not know 8 Q85E-SAF.Being South African is a very important part of how you see yourself 2399 0 1 Strongly disagree 24 2 Disagree 68 3 Neither agree nor disagree 84 4 Agree 1133 5 Strongly Agree 1079 9 Do not know 11 Q85F_SAF.People should realise we are South Africans first, and stop thinking of themselves in terms of the group they belong to. 2399 0 1 Strongly Disagree 29 2 Disagree 77 3 Neither 202 4 Agree 1098 5 Strongly Agree 975 9 Do Not Know 18 Q85G-SAF.It is desirable to create one united South African nation out of all the different groups who live in this country. 2399 0 1 Strongly Disagree 47 2 Disagree 69 3 Neither 233 4 Agree 1125 5 Strongly Agree 884 9 Do Not Know 41 Q85H-SAF.It is possible to create such a united South African nation. 2399 0 1 Strongly Disagree 60 2 Disagree 124 3 Neither 158 4 Agree 1125 5 Strongly Agree 882 9 Do Not Know 50 Q86a. Right to be citizen: born in country with one non-citizen parent 2399 0 0 No 500 1 Yes 1866 9 Don’t Know 33 Q86b. Right to be citizen: born in country with two non-citizen parents 2399 0 0 No 925 1 Yes 1407 9 Don’t Know 67 Q86c. Right to be citizen: wife of citizen husband 2399 0 0 No 841 1 Yes 1489 9 Don’t Know 69 Q86d. Right to be citizen: husband of citizen wife 2399 0 0 No 1103 1 Yes 1206 9 Don’t Know 90 Q86e. Right to be citizen: lived and worked in country 2399 0 0 No 1045 1 Yes 1259 9 Don’t Know 95 Q86f. Right to be citizen: hold dual citizenship 2399 0 0 No 1700 1 Yes 562 9 Don’t Know 137 Q87. Most people can be trusted 87. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you must be very careful in dealing with people? 2399 0 0 Must be very careful 1939 1 Most people can be trusted 395 9 Don’t Know 65 Q88a. Trust relatives 2399 0 0 Not at all 143 1 Just a little 365 2 Somewhat 671 3 A lot 1211 9 Don’t know 9 Q88b. Trust neighbours 2399 0 0 Not at all 310 1 Just a little 713 2 Somewhat 935 3 A lot 429 9 Don’t know 12 Q88c. Trust other people you know 2399 0 0 Not at all 542 1 Just a little 917 2 Somewhat 731 3 A lot 192 9 Don’t know 17 Q88D-SAF. Trust foreigners living in South Africa 2399 0 0 Not at all 1603 1 Just a little 520 2 Somewhat 206 3 A lot 48 9 Don’t know 22 Q89a. Close to political party 89A. Do you feel close to any particular political party? 2399 0 -1 Missing 0 0 No (does NOT feel close to ANY party) 707 1 Yes (feels close to a party) 1424 8 Refused to answer 225 9 Does not know 43 Q89b. Which party if "Yes" to Q89A] 89B. Which party is that? [If answer to Q89A was “No,” “Don't Know,” or “Refused to answer,” circle 9997 = Not applicable.] 2399 0 -1 Missing 4 700 African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) 5 701 African Muslim Party (AMP) 2 702 African National Congress (ANC) 968 703 Azanian People’s Organization (AZAPO) 6 704 Congress of the people (COPE) 17 705 Democratic Alliance (DA) 309 706 Freedom Front / Vryheidsfront Plus (VF Plus) 5 707 Independent Democrats (ID) 0 708 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 23 709 Minority Front (MF) 7 710 National Democratic Convention (NADECO) 0 711 New National Party / Nuwe Nasionale Party (NNP) 0 712 Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) 2 713 United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP) 0 714 United Democratic Movement (UDM) 2 715 United Independent Front (UIF) 0 997 Not applicable 975 998 Refused to answer 67 999 Don’t know 0 9995 Other 7 Q89bother. Which party (verbatim) 89B. Which party is that? [If answer to Q89A was "No," "Don't Know," or "Refused to answer," circle 9997 = Not applicable.] Other [specify] 7 0 Mpumalanga Party 1 N.F.P 1 NFP 4 SACP 1 Q90a. Own radio 2399 0 0 No (Don t own) 527 1 Yes (Do own) 1870 9 Don’t know 2 Q90b. Own television 2399 0 0 No (Don t own) 541 1 Yes (Do own) 1858 9 Don’t know 0 Q90c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle 2399 0 0 No (Don t own) 1660 1 Yes (Do own) 705 9 Don’t know 34 Q91a. How often use a computer 2399 0 0 Never 1752 1 Less than once a month 51 2 A few times a month 94 3 A few times a week 185 4 Every day 307 9 Don’t know 10 Q91b. How often use the internet 2399 0 0 Never 1766 1 Less than once a month 57 2 A few times a month 94 3 A few times a week 168 4 Every day 304 9 Don’t know 10 Q92. Usage and ownership of mobile phone 92. Do you ever use a mobile phone? If so, who owns the mobile phone that you use most often? 2399 0 0 No, I never use a mobile phone 172 1 Yes, I use a mobile phone that I own 2061 2 Yes, I use a mobile phone owned by someone else in my househ 122 3 Yes, I use a mobile phone owned by someone outside my househ 34 9 Don't know 10 Q93a. How often use a cell phone 2399 0 0 Never 170 1 Less than one time per day 394 2 One or two times per day 583 3 Three or four times per day 494 4 Five or more times per day 723 9 Don t know 35 Q93b. How often send or receive a text message 2399 0 0 Never 396 1 Less than one time per day 429 2 One or two times per day 621 3 Three or four times per day 410 4 Five or more times per day 518 9 Don t know 25 Q93c. How often send or receive money 2399 0 0 Never 1958 1 Less than one time per day 165 2 One or two times per day 65 3 Three or four times per day 54 4 Five or more times per day 77 9 Don t know 80 Q93C-SAF.How often Access the internet 2399 0 0 Never 1812 1 Less than one time per day 145 2 One or two times per day 158 3 Three or four times per day 89 4 Five or more times per day 134 9 Don t know 61 Q94. How many mobile phones in household 94. How many mobile phones or cell phones are owned in total by members of your household, including yourself? If it is 100% clear that there is no electricity supply to the home, e.g., in an unserved rural area, do not ask the question of the respondent. Just select 0=No electricity supply and continue to the next question. 2399 0 99 Don't Know 7 Q95a. Source of water for household use 2399 0 1 Inside the house 1268 2 Inside the compound 546 3 Outside the compound 576 9 Don't know / Could not ascertain 9 Q95b. Location of toilet or latrine 2399 0 0 None, no latrine available 179 1 Inside the house 1224 2 Inside the compound 669 3 Outside the compound 323 9 Don't know / Could not ascertain 4 Q96. Employment status 96. Do you have a job that pays a cash income? [If yes, ask:] Is it full-time or part-time? [If no, ask:] Are you presently looking for a job? 2399 0 0 No (not looking) 647 1 No (looking) 871 2 Yes, part time 210 3 Yes, full time 666 9 Don’t know 5 Q97. Education of respondent 97. What is the highest level of education you have completed? 2399 0 0 No formal schooling 72 1 Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 25 2 Some primary schooling 221 3 Primary school completed 199 4 Some secondary school / high school 826 5 Secondary school / high school completed 693 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a 229 7 Some university 42 8 University completed 71 9 Post-graduate 18 99 Don’t know 3 Q98a. Religion of respondent 98A. What is your religion, if any? 2399 0 0 None 177 1 Christian only (i.e., respondents says only Christian, witho 719 2 Roman Catholic 177 3 Orthodox 7 4 Optic 4 5 Anglican 109 6 Lutheran 83 7 Methodist 131 8 Presbyterian 24 9 Baptist 42 10 Quaker / Friends 0 11 Mennonite 2 12 Evangelical 16 13 Pentecostal 64 14 Independent 18 15 Jehovah’s Witness 18 16 Seventh Day Adventist 9 17 Mormon 0 18 Muslim only 51 19 Sunni only 3 20 Ismaeli 1 21 Mouridiya Brotherhood 0 22 Tijaniya Brotherhood 0 23 Qadiriya Brotherhood 0 24 Shia only 0 25 Traditional / ethnic religion 23 26 Hindu 36 27 Bahai 1 28 Agnostic 1 29 Atheist 9 30 Dutch Reformed 129 31 Calvinist 2 32 Church of Christ 23 33 Zionist Christian Church 254 700 Apostolic 76 701 NG Kerk 10 702 Nazareth Church 18 9995 Other 84 9998 Refused 59 9999 Don’t know 19 Q98aother. Religion of respondent (verbatim) 98A. What is your religion, if any? Other [specify] 200 0 12 Apostolic 3 12 Apostolic Church 1 12th Apostolic Church 1 A.M.E Church 1 AME Church 2 APK 1 APK Church 1 AT Reform 1 African Apostolic Church 1 African Gospel 1 African Gospel Church 1 Afrikaanse Protestanse Kerk 1 Agap Motionary Assembly 1 Ags 1 Amazing Grace 1 Amorians Church in Zion 1 Apostle Church 1 Apostol 1 Apostolic 12 Apostolic Christ Church 1 Apostolic Church 3 Apostolic Church United 1 Apostolic Church of S.A 1 Apostolic Gospel 1 Apostolic Mission 1 Apostolic The new Jerusalem 1 Apostolic church 2 Apostolic faith mission 2 Assembles of God 1 Assention 1 Bazalwane 1 Bethlehem Apostolic Church in Zion 1 Bride of Christ 1 Brother's Church in Zion 1 Budahsism 1 Christ Embassy 1 Christiaan Liberty Church 1 Christian Congregation 1 Christian United 1 Christian assemblys 1 Church of Christ Revival 1 Church of Nazareth 1 Congo 1 Congregational Church 1 Eastfield christian family church 1 Ebenhaesar Church 1 Ebenhaeser Ministries 1 Efersier Church 1 Ekukhanyeni Mission 1 Ekuphumleni Zion Church of God 1 El\Eyon Praise Fellowship 1 Emmanuel 1 Euphians 1 Faith Apostolic Church 1 Faith Mission 2 Fivefold Apostolic Ministries 1 Full Gospel 3 Full gospel church 1 Gereformeerd 1 Gospel 1 Grace bible church 1 Hanafi 1 Hillside Church 1 Holy Spirit and Higher Mystery 1 Holy burn in Zion 1 Ibandla lika Krestu 1 Isralliet 1 Mariam Church 1 Mount Horeb Fellowship 1 N.G. Kerk 1 NEW Life Church 1 NG Church 1 NG Kerk 6 Nazareth 13 Nazareth Apostolic church 1 Nazareth Baptist Church 1 Nazareth Church in Zion 1 Nazareth church 1 Ncaba Yoku linda 1 Ned Gereformeerde Kerk 1 Nedgereformeerde Church 1 New Apostolic 4 New Apostolic Church 1 New Church 1 New Church of God 1 New Generation Apostolic Church 1 New Jerusalem 1 New Testament Church 1 Nkanyezini Apostolic Church 1 Not a church person but believe in God. 1 Not going to church 1 Nyabingu 1 OAC Old Apostolic Church 1 Old Apostle 1 Old Apostol 1 Old Apostolic 10 Old Apostolic Church 3 PPK 1 Paradise 1 Porcers house 1 Postala 1 Postol 1 Postoli 1 RP Church 1 Rama Krishna 1 Rastafarianism 1 Reform 1 Rehoboth Sending 1 Republican Free Church 1 Ropersfontein Church 1 Saint John 1 Salomo Christian Church 1 Seven Adventise Church 1 Shembe 4 St John 1 St Johns 1 St Johns Apostolic Church 1 St Johns Old Apostolic Church 1 St. Johns 1 St. Paul Apostolic Church 1 Swaziland church 1 The Voice 1 The Voicelight Church in Zion 1 The house of Twelve Apostolic 1 Timotia in Zion 1 Tiranius Apostolic Church 1 Twelve Apostle 1 Twelve Apostles 1 Twelve Apostolic 1 Twelve Apostolic Church 1 UAAC 1 UCCSA 1 United Christian Church of S.A 1 Uniting Reform Church 1 Uniting reform church 1 Universal Church 1 V.G.K 1 VGK 3 Ware Kerk van God 1 World Christian Church 1 Z.C.C. Zion Christian Church 1 Zion 1 old Apostolic Church 1 Q98B.Importance of Religion 98B. How important is religion in your life? 2399 0 1 Not at all important 90 2 Not very important 107 3 Somewhat important 311 4 Very important 1764 8 Refused to answer 79 9 Don’t know 48 Q99. Vote for which party 99. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party's candidate would you vote for? 2399 0 700 African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) 9 701 African Muslim Party (AMP) 1 702 African National Congress (ANC) 1188 703 Azanian People’s Organization (AZAPO) 8 704 Congress of the people (COPE) 30 705 Democratic Alliance (DA) 421 706 Freedom Front / Vryheidsfront Plus (VF Plus) 12 707 Independent Democrats (ID) 1 708 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) 22 709 Minority Front (MF) 9 710 National Democratic Convention (NADECO) 0 711 New National Party / Nuwe Nasionale Party (NNP) 1 712 Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) 3 713 United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP) 4 714 United Democratic Movement (UDM) 3 715 United Independent Front (UIF) 0 997 Would not vote 189 998 Refused to answer 358 999 Don’t know 129 9995 Other 11 Q99other. Vote for which party (verbatim) 99. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party's candidate would you vote for? Other [specify] 11 0 I will vote for Male 1 Mpumalanga Party 2 N.F.P 1 NFP 5 Not Answered 1 Not sure if she is 1 Q100. Perceived survey sponsor 100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 2399 0 0 No one 13 1 Government (General) 1417 2 National / Union Government 46 3 Provincial / Regional Government 24 4 Local Government 82 5 President’s / Prime Minister’s Office 29 6 Parliament / National Assembly 13 7 Government Census / Statistics Office 39 8 National Intelligence / Secret Service 17 9 Education or Social Affairs Department / Ministry 10 10 Tax or Finance Department / Ministry 5 11 Health Department / Ministry 3 12 Other Government Department / Ministry 7 13 Constitutional Commission 11 14 National Electoral Commission 6 15 National Planning Commission 4 16 Public Utility Company 3 17 NGO 35 18 Political Party / Politicians 100 19 Research Company / Organization / Programme (including the A 273 20 Newspapers / Media 6 21 University / School / College 0 22 Private company 29 23 International Organization 4 24 God or a Religious Organization 4 95 Other 14 98 Refused to answer 8 99 Don’t know 197 Time interview ended ENDTIME. Time interview ended Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock 0 Length of interview LENGTH. For Office Use: Duration of interview in minutes 2399 0 -1 202 -1 Missing 173 Q101. Gender of respondent 101. Respondent's gender 2399 0 1 Male 1199 2 Female 1200 Q102. Race of respondent 102. Respondent’s race? 2399 0 -1 1 1 Black / African 1534 2 White / European 413 3 Coloured / Mixed race 346 4 Arab / Lebanese / North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 102 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 3 95 Other 0 Q103. Language of interview 103. What was the primary language used in the interview? 2399 0 -1 2 1 English 809 700 Afrikaans 314 701 Ndebele 0 702 Xhosa 258 703 Pedi/Spedi/North Sotho 161 704 Sesotho/Sotho/South Sotho 149 705 Setswana/Tswana 202 706 Shangaan 10 707 Swazi 18 708 Venda 12 709 Zulu 422 711 Mixed - English/Afrikaans 2 712 Tsonga 14 713 Siswati 26 995 Other 0 Q103other. Language of interview (verbatim) 103. What was the primary language used in the interview? Other specify 41 0 Shangaan 1 Siswati 26 Tsonga 14 Q103o1.1 More than one language (verbatim) 103. What was the primary language used in the interview? Other specify 11 0 Setswana / Tswana 1 Shangani 1 Siswati 4 Tsonga 2 Venda 3 Q104. Type of shelter of respondent 104. In what type of shelter does the respondent live? 2399 0 1 Non-traditional / formal house 1947 2 Traditional house / hut 167 3 Temporary structure / shack 152 4 Flat in a block of flats 77 5 Single room in a larger dwelling structure or backyard 25 6 Room in a hotel, or a residential hotel 0 7 Hostel in an industrial compound or farming compound 16 8 Other 15 Q104o. Other shelter (verbatim) 104. In what type of shelter does the respondent live? Other specify 9 0 Caravan 1 Informal settlement 1 Mud 1 Not specified 2 RDP 2 Semi-detached house 1 mud House 1 Q105. Roof of respondent's home 105. What was the roof of the respondent’s home or shelter made of? 2399 0 1 Metal, tin or zinc 1199 2 Tiles 766 3 Shingles 9 4 Thatch or grass 49 5 Plastic sheets 2 6 Asbestos 310 7 Multiple materials 17 8 Some other material 27 9 Could not tell / could not see 20 Q106. Others present 106. Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 2399 0 1 No one 1814 2 Spouse 159 3 Children only 171 4 A few others 225 5 Small crowd 30 Q107a. Check with others 107A. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 2399 0 0 No 2303 1 Yes 96 Q107b. Influence by others 107B. Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? 2399 0 0 No 2326 1 Yes 73 Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives 107C. Were you approached by community and/or political party representatives? 2399 0 0 No 2380 1 Yes 19 Q107d. Feel threatened 107D. Did you feel threatened during the interview? 2399 0 0 No 2371 1 Yes 28 Q107e. Physically threatened 107E. Were you physically threatened during the interview? 2399 0 0 No 2389 1 Yes 10 Q108. Proportion difficulty answering 108. What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 2399 0 0 None 1974 1 Few 245 2 Some 120 3 Most 49 4 All 11 Q110a. Respondent friendly 2399 0 1 Friendly 2076 2 In between 305 3 Hostile 18 Q110b. Respondent interested 2399 0 1 Interested 1904 2 In between 457 3 Bored 38 Q110c. Respondent cooperative 2399 0 1 Cooperative 1920 2 In between 442 3 Uncooperative 37 Q110d. Respondent patient 2399 0 1 Patient 1874 2 In between 456 3 Impatient 69 Q110e. Respondent at ease 2399 0 1 At ease 1729 2 In between 597 3 Suspicious 73 Q110f. Respondent honest 2399 0 1 Honest 1857 2 In between 514 3 Misleading 28 Q112. Interviewer Number 112. Interviewer’s Number 2399 0 SAF001 50 SAF002 1 SAF003 41 SAF004 1 SAF005 8 SAF006 38 SAF007 26 SAF008 27 SAF009 27 SAF010 26 SAF011 18 SAF012 18 SAF013 18 SAF014 18 SAF015 1 SAF016 1 SAF017 1 SAF018 33 SAF019 35 SAF020 36 SAF021 32 SAF022 4 SAF023 4 SAF024 6 SAF025 6 SAF026 36 SAF027 41 SAF028 45 SAF029 45 SAF030 32 SAF031 42 SAF032 1 SAF033 58 SAF034 10 SAF035 53 SAF036 28 SAF037 70 SAF038 55 SAF039 68 SAF040 10 SAF041 11 SAF042 6 SAF043 31 SAF044 32 SAF045 33 SAF046 39 SAF047 24 SAF048 29 SAF049 12 SAF050 39 SAF051 39 SAF052 40 SAF053 29 SAF054 22 SAF055 23 SAF056 23 SAF057 1 SAF058 1 SAF059 29 SAF060 23 SAF061 23 SAF062 24 SAF063 23 SAF064 26 SAF065 18 SAF066 23 SAF067 7 SAF068 2 SAF069 11 SAF070 20 SAF071 20 SAF072 21 SAF073 48 SAF074 32 SAF075 31 SAF076 13 SAF077 25 SAF078 25 SAF079 24 SAF080 26 SAF081 27 SAF082 4 SAF083 22 SAF084 10 SAF085 1 SAF086 13 SAF087 15 SAF088 4 SAF089 43 SAF090 36 SAF091 14 SAF092 31 SAF093 36 SAF094 21 SAF095 4 SAF096 4 SAF097 15 SAF098 3 SAF099 3 SAF100 2 SAF101 1 SAF102 1 SAF103 52 SAF104 39 Q113. Interviewer's age 113. Interviewer’s Age 2399 0 20 63 35.431 10.167 Q114. Interviewer's gender 114. Interviewer’s gender 2399 0 1 Male 1108 2 Female 1291 Q115. Interviewer rural or urban 115. Do you come from a rural or urban area? 2399 0 1 Rural 525 2 Urban 1874 Q116. Interviewer's home language 116. Interviewer's home language: 2399 0 1 English 275 700 Afrikaans 265 701 Ndebele 32 702 Xhosa 422 703 Pedi/Spedi/North Sotho 287 704 Sesotho/Sotho/South Sotho 72 705 Setswana/Tswana 275 706 Shangaan 97 707 Swazi 75 708 Venda 48 709 Zulu 551 710 Asian/Indian 0 995 Other 0 999 Don't know 0 Q117. Interviewer's education 117. Interviewer’s highest level of education 2399 0 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some secondary school / high school 285 5 Secondary school / high school completed 1393 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a 392 7 Some university 142 8 University completed 100 9 Post graduate 87 Within country weighting factor 2399 0 0.0773 3.236 1 0.537