MWI_2008_AFB-R4_v01_M DDI_MWI_2008_AFB-R4_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2020-05-07 Metadata Editor Version 01 (May 2020) MWI_2008_AFB-R4_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2008 Round 4 AFB-R4 2008 The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Round 4 surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in 20 countries, reflecting the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries. The survey covered 20 countries in Round 4 (2008-2009). Malawi National coverage Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Centre for Social Research Face-to-face [f2f] Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities. Response rate of the survey was 91.0%. Margin of error: +/- 3% with 95% confidence level. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. mlw_r4_data.sav 1200 305 .sav Afrobarometer round 4 survey data. Respondent number Respondent Number 1200 Household back-checked? 1200 1 2 1 Yes 118 2 No 1082 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit PSU/EA 1200 1 2 1 Urban 176 2 Rural 1024 Province or region Region 1200 460 462 460 Central 488 461 North 152 462 South 560 District District 1200 460 487 460 Balaka 24 461 Blantyre 112 462 Chikwawa 32 463 Chiradzulu 32 464 Chitipa 16 465 Dedza 64 466 Dowa 48 467 Karonga 16 468 Kasungu 64 469 Likoma 0 470 Lilongwe 184 471 Machinga 48 472 Mangochi 64 473 Mchinji 32 474 Mulanje 48 475 Mwanza 0 476 Mzimba 88 477 Neno 16 478 Nkhata Bay 16 479 Nkhotakota 16 480 Nsanje 32 481 Ntcheu 32 482 Ntchisi 32 483 Phalombe 32 484 Rumphi 16 485 Salima 16 486 Thyolo 64 487 Zomba 56 Assigned EA ID Number, 1-150 1200 1 150 EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 704 1 Yes 480 9 Can't determine 16 EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 936 1 Yes 256 9 Can't determine 8 EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1048 1 Yes 128 9 Can't determine 24 EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 80 1 Yes 1120 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 888 1 Yes 312 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 112 1 Yes 1080 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 856 1 Yes 336 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 642 1 Yes 542 9 Can't determine 16 EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 328 1 Yes 872 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1000 1 Yes 192 9 Don't know 8 EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1136 1 Yes 56 9 Don't know 8 EA-ROAD. Tarred/ paved road 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 862 1 Yes 338 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 1 1200 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 31 2 Person selected was never at home 3 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 5 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 22 7 No adults in household 15 8 Other 5 997 Not Applicable 1118 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 2 1200 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 3 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 2 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 10 7 No adults in household 5 8 Other 1 997 Not Applicable 1177 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 3 1200 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 6 7 No adults in household 1 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1190 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 4 1200 6 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 2 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 1 997 Not Applicable 1197 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 5 1200 997 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 6 1200 997 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Calls Household 7 1200 997 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1200 Previous interview, gender PREVINT. Previous interview was with a 1200 0 2 0 First interview 18 1 Male 595 2 Female 587 This interview, gender THISINT. This interview must be with a 1200 1 2 1 Male 600 2 Female 600 Number of adult women/men in household ADULT_CT. Number of women / men in the household (adult citizens) 1200 1 10 1 838 2 174 3 98 4 61 5 12 6 9 7 4 8 2 9 1 10 1 Number of calls CALLS. How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 1200 1 2 1 1 1185 2 2 15 Date of Interview DATEINTR. Date of interview Enter day, month, and year 1200 2008-10-02 55 2008-10-03 66 2008-10-04 62 2008-10-05 8 2008-10-06 57 2008-10-07 64 2008-10-08 56 2008-10-09 63 2008-10-10 65 2008-10-11 64 2008-10-13 64 2008-10-14 64 2008-10-15 64 2008-10-16 72 2008-10-17 58 2008-10-18 62 2008-10-19 16 2008-10-20 72 2008-10-21 80 2008-10-22 56 2008-10-23 24 2008-11-24 2 2008-11-25 6 Time interview started STRTIME. Time interview started. Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock 1200 Q1. Age 1. How old are you? 1200 18 999 -1 Missing 0 18 38 19 27 20 35 21 31 22 50 23 51 24 57 25 47 26 34 27 38 28 39 29 25 30 54 31 30 32 44 33 35 34 21 35 37 36 29 37 23 38 27 39 14 40 26 41 5 42 22 43 9 44 18 45 21 46 15 47 16 48 18 49 14 50 15 51 7 52 17 53 5 54 11 55 9 56 9 57 11 58 5 59 14 60 15 61 9 62 8 63 5 64 3 65 4 66 6 67 3 68 3 69 1 70 5 71 2 72 2 73 2 74 6 75 4 76 2 78 2 79 1 80 3 87 1 88 1 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 59 Q2. Head of household 2. Are you the head of the household? Circle correct response number 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 22 0 No 438 1 Yes 740 9 Don't know 0 998 Refused 0 Q3. Language of respondent 3. Which Malawian language is your home language? Prompt if necessary: That is, the language of your group of origin. 1200 1 477 -1 Missing 0 1 English 1 2 French 0 3 Portuguese 0 4 Kiswahili 0 460 Tumbuka 125 461 Nkhonde 3 462 Lambya 6 463 Chewa 518 464 Yao 124 465 Ngoni 96 466 Lomwe 171 467 Mang'anja 56 468 Sena 56 469 Sukwa 5 470 Senga 1 471 Tonga 17 472 Khokhola 3 473 Ndali 6 474 Nyika 8 475 Chikunda 0 476 Namwanga 1 477 Wiza 3 995 Others 0 998 Refused 0 Q3other. Language of respondent (verbatim) 3. Which Malawian language is your home language? Other specify. 1200 1179 Khokhola 3 Namwanga 1 Ndali 6 Nyika 8 Wiza 3 Q4a. Country's present economic condition 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Very Bad 160 2 Fairly bad 402 3 Neither good nor bad 85 4 Fairly good 421 5 Very good 86 9 Don't know 44 998 Refused 0 Q4b. Your present living conditions 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Bad 179 2 Fairly bad 475 3 Neither good nor bad 124 4 Fairly good 365 5 Very good 48 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q5. Your living conditions vs. others 5. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Malawians? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Much Worse 116 2 Worse 401 3 Same 244 4 Better 377 5 Much Better 34 9 Don't know 26 998 Refused 0 Q6a. Country's economic condition compared to 12 months ago 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Much Worse 50 2 Worse 333 3 Same 290 4 Better 441 5 Much Better 47 9 Don't know 37 998 Refused 0 Q6b. Your living conditions compared to 12 months ago 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Much Worse 58 2 Worse 334 3 Same 294 4 Better 454 5 Much Better 45 9 Don't know 12 998 Refused 0 Q7a. Country's economic condition in 12 months time 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 70 2 Worse 209 3 Same 120 4 Better 389 5 Much Better 162 9 Don't know 250 998 Refused 0 Q7b. Your living conditions in 12 months time 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Much Worse 72 2 Worse 204 3 Same 131 4 Better 418 5 Much Better 135 9 Don't know 239 998 Refused 0 Q8a. How often gone without food 1200 -1 4 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 460 1 Just once or twice 178 2 Several times 320 3 Many times 185 4 Always 56 9 Don't Know 0 998 Refused 0 Q8b. How often gone without water 1200 -1 4 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 632 1 Just once or twice 103 2 Several times 169 3 Many times 119 4 Always 176 9 Don't Know 0 998 Refused 0 Q8c. How often gone without medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 559 1 Just once or twice 162 2 Several times 234 3 Many times 163 4 Always 75 9 Don't Know 7 998 Refused 0 Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 713 1 Just once or twice 127 2 Several times 164 3 Many times 115 4 Always 81 9 Don't Know 0 998 Refused 0 Q8e. How often gone without cash income 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 14 0 Never 173 1 Just once or twice 179 2 Several times 332 3 Many times 305 4 Always 196 9 Don't Know 1 998 Refused 0 Q9a. How often feared crime in home 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 732 1 Just once or twice 158 2 Several times 164 3 Many times 95 4 Always 48 9 Don't Know 1 998 Refused 0 Q9b. How often something stolen from house 1200 -1 4 -1 Missing 3 0 Never 845 1 Just once or twice 234 2 Several times 83 3 Many times 31 4 Always 4 9 Don't Know 0 998 Refused 0 Q9c. How often physically attacked 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Never 1100 1 Just once or twice 65 2 Several times 19 3 Many times 9 4 Always 2 9 Don't Know 1 998 Refused 0 Q10. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 264 2 Agree with 1 215 3 Agree with 2 257 4 Agree very strongly with 2 402 5 Agree with neither 20 9 Don't know 41 998 Refused 0 Q11. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 329 2 Agree with 1 191 3 Agree with 2 256 4 Agree very strongly with 2 382 5 Agree with neither 17 9 Don't know 25 998 Refused 0 Q12a. Radio news 1200 -1 4 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 281 1 Less than once a month 30 2 A few times a month 99 3 A few times a week 248 4 Every day 540 9 Don't know 0 998 Refused 0 Q12b. Television news 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Never 966 1 Less than once a month 23 2 A few times a month 48 3 A few times a week 60 4 Every day 96 9 Don't know 3 998 Refused 0 Q12c. Newspaper news 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Never 917 1 Less than once a month 58 2 A few times a month 81 3 A few times a week 93 4 Every day 45 9 Don't know 2 998 Refused 0 Q13. Interest in public affairs 13. How interested would you say you are in public affairs? Prompt if necessary: You know, in politics and government? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Not at all interested 255 1 Not very interested 196 2 Somewhat interested 269 3 Very interested 473 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q14. Discuss politics 14. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 397 1 Occasionally 483 2 Frequently 318 9 Don't know 2 998 Refused 0 Q15a. Freedom to say what you think 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 47 2 Not very free 79 3 Somewhat free 123 4 Completely free 930 9 Don't know 21 998 Refused 0 Q15b. Freedom to join any political organizations 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Not at all free 29 2 Not very free 49 3 Somewhat free 82 4 Completely free 1022 9 Don't know 16 998 Refused 0 Q15c. Freedom to choose who to vote for 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Not at all free 17 2 Not very free 22 3 Somewhat free 68 4 Completely free 1078 9 Don't know 13 998 Refused 0 Q16. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 653 2 Agree with 1 246 3 Agree with 2 101 4 Agree very strongly with 2 165 5 Agree with neither 23 9 Don't know 12 998 Refused 0 Q17. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 653 2 Agree with 1 245 3 Agree with 2 99 4 Agree very strongly with 2 189 5 Agree with neither 7 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q18. Government like a parent vs. an employee Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 501 2 Agree with 1 206 3 Agree with 2 148 4 Agree very strongly with 2 301 5 Agree with neither 28 9 Don't know 16 998 Refused 0 Q19. Government bans organizations vs. join any Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Agree very strongly with 1 188 2 Agree with 1 129 3 Agree with 2 291 4 Agree very strongly with 2 538 5 Agree with neither 22 9 Don't know 30 998 Refused 0 Q20. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 144 2 Agree with 1 123 3 Agree with 2 298 4 Agree very strongly with 2 576 5 Agree with neither 28 9 Don't know 31 998 Refused 0 Q21. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 161 2 Agree with 1 126 3 Agree with 2 267 4 Agree very strongly with 2 609 5 Agree with neither 19 9 Don't know 18 998 Refused 0 Q22a. Member of religious group 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Not a Member 120 1 Inactive Member 368 2 Active Member 546 3 Official Leader 162 9 Don't Know 2 998 Refused 0 Q22b. Member of voluntary association or community group 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Not a Member 817 1 Inactive Member 108 2 Active Member 191 3 Official Leader 77 9 Don't Know 5 998 Refused 0 Q23a. Attend a community meeting 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 No, would never do this 50 1 No, but would do if had the chance 213 2 Yes, once or twice 215 3 Yes, several times 425 4 Yes, often 290 9 Don't know 4 998 Refused 0 Q23b. Join others to raise an issue 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 No, would never do this 72 1 No, but would do if had the chance 277 2 Yes, once or twice 202 3 Yes, several times 414 4 Yes, often 228 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q23c. Attend a demonstration or protest march 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 No, would never do this 581 1 No, but would do if had the chance 456 2 Yes, once or twice 61 3 Yes, several times 47 4 Yes, often 8 9 Don't know 46 998 Refused 0 Q23d. Voted last election 23D. With regard to the most recent, 2004 national elections, which statement is true for you? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 You were not registered or you were too young to vote 158 1 You voted in the elections 898 2 You decided not to vote 40 3 You could not find the polling station 5 4 You were prevented from voting 4 5 You did not have time to vote 18 6 Did not vote for some other reason 73 9 Don't know/Can't remember 3 998 Refused 0 Q24a. Make local government councilors listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 264 1 Not very likely 144 2 Somewhat likely 314 3 Very likely 396 9 Don't know 82 998 Refused 0 Q24a1-mlw. Make traditional leaders listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 128 1 Not very likely 65 2 Somewhat likely 296 3 Very likely 697 9 Don't know 14 998 Refused 0 Q24b. Make MPs listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 372 1 Not very likely 136 2 Somewhat likely 239 3 Very likely 404 9 Don't know 49 998 Refused 0 Q25a. Contact local government councillor 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1076 1 Only once 66 2 A few times 39 3 Often 8 9 Don't know 11 998 Refused 0 Q25b. Contact MP 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1009 1 Only once 57 2 A few times 88 3 Often 37 9 Don't know 9 998 Refused 0 Q25c. Contact official of a government agency 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1084 1 Only once 44 2 A few times 40 3 Often 20 9 Don't know 12 998 Refused 0 Q26a. Contact formal leader alone or with group If respondent answered 0=Never for ALL PARTS of Q25, i.e. they NEVER contacted any of these leaders, circle code 7=Not applicable in both parts of Q26. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Alone 22 2 With a group 251 7 Not applicable 918 9 Don't know 7 998 Refused 0 Q26b. Contact formal leader: community or personal problem If respondent answered 0=Never for ALL PARTS of Q25, i.e. they NEVER contacted any of these leaders, circle code 7=Not applicable in both parts of Q26. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Community problem 246 2 Personal problem 27 7 Not applicable 918 9 Don't know 7 998 Refused 0 Q27a. Contact religious leader 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 802 1 Only once 110 2 A few times 181 3 Often 105 9 Don't know 2 998 Refused 0 Q27b. Contact traditional ruler 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 762 1 Only once 91 2 A few times 201 3 Often 140 9 Don't know 4 998 Refused 0 Q27c. Contact some other influential person 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Never 1035 1 Only once 51 2 A few times 83 3 Often 22 9 Don't know 5 998 Refused 0 Q28a. Contact informal leader alone or with group If respondent answered 0=Never for ALL PARTS of Q27, i.e. they NEVER contacted any of these leaders, circle code 7=Not applicable in both parts of Q28. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Alone 116 2 With a group 458 7 Not applicable 624 9 Don't know 2 998 Refused 0 Q28b. Contact informal leader: community or personal problem If respondent answered 0=Never for ALL PARTS of Q27, i.e. they NEVER contacted any of these leaders, circle code 7=Not applicable in both parts of Q28. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Community problem 447 2 Personal problem 127 7 Not applicable 624 9 Don't know 1 998 Refused 0 Q29a. Reject one-party rule 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Strongly Disapprove 623 2 Disapprove 172 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 24 4 Approve 190 5 Strongly Approve 162 9 Don't Know 28 998 Refused 0 Q29b. Reject military rule 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Strongly Disapprove 895 2 Disapprove 127 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 16 4 Approve 88 5 Strongly Approve 30 9 Don't Know 42 998 Refused 0 Q29c. Reject one-man rule 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Strongly Disapprove 818 2 Disapprove 144 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 14 4 Approve 108 5 Strongly Approve 78 9 Don't Know 35 998 Refused 0 Q30. Support for democracy 30. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English. Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 STATEMENT 3: Doesn't matter. 113 2 STATEMENT 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable 149 3 STATEMENT 1: Democracy preferable. 887 9 Don't know 51 998 Refused 0 Q31. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Agree very strongly with 1 627 2 Agree with 1 314 3 Agree with 2 96 4 Agree very strongly with 2 125 5 Agree with neither 15 9 Don't know 21 998 Refused 0 Q32. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Agree very strongly with 1 202 2 Agree with 1 158 3 Agree with 2 255 4 Agree very strongly with 2 567 5 Agree with neither 8 9 Don't know 7 998 Refused 0 Q33. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 527 2 Agree with 1 276 3 Agree with 2 143 4 Agree very strongly with 2 211 5 Agree with neither 18 9 Don't know 25 998 Refused 0 Q34. Opposition parties examine government vs. cooperate 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 397 2 Agree with 1 165 3 Agree with 2 211 4 Agree very strongly with 2 384 5 Agree with neither 26 9 Don't know 17 998 Refused 0 Q35. Media checks government vs. avoid negative reporting 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 630 2 Agree with 1 298 3 Agree with 2 119 4 Agree very strongly with 2 117 5 Agree with neither 16 9 Don't know 19 998 Refused 0 Q36. Parliament makes laws vs. president does 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 504 2 Agree with 1 295 3 Agree with 2 136 4 Agree very strongly with 2 196 5 Agree with neither 43 9 Don't know 25 998 Refused 0 Q37. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 212 2 Agree with 1 213 3 Agree with 2 254 4 Agree very strongly with 2 492 5 Agree with neither 16 9 Don't know 13 998 Refused 0 Q38. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 559 2 Agree with 1 150 3 Agree with 2 142 4 Agree very strongly with 2 278 5 Agree with neither 53 9 Don't know 17 998 Refused 0 Q39. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 517 2 Agree with 1 281 3 Agree with 2 139 4 Agree very strongly with 2 217 5 Agree with neither 21 9 Don't know 24 998 Refused 0 Q40a. Most important national priority 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Maintaining order in the nation 333 2 Giving people more say in government decisions 107 3 Protecting people's right to live freely 114 4 Improving economic conditions for the poor 628 5 None of these 11 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q40b. Second most important national priority 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Maintaining order in the nation 345 2 Giving people more say in government decisions 190 3 Protecting people's right to live freely 282 4 Improving economic conditions for the poor 353 5 None of these 18 9 Don't know 10 998 Refused 0 Correct name of MP 1200 Q41a1. Identify MP (verbatim) Write down respondent’s answer. Then circle correct code. If you do not know correct name, consult your supervisor, fill in the correct name, and circle relevant code before leaving PSU. 1200 Q41a2. Identify MP (code) Write down respondent’s answer. Then circle correct code. If you do not know correct name, consult your supervisor, fill in the correct name, and circle relevant code before leaving PSU. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Know but can't remember 21 2 Incorrect guess 58 3 Correct name 954 9 Don't know 167 998 Refused 0 Q41b1. Identify Minister of Finance (verbatim) Write down respondent’s answer. Then circle correct code. If you do not know correct name, consult your supervisor, fill in the correct name, and circle relevant code before leaving PSU. 1200 Q41b2. Identify Minister of Finance (code) Write down respondent’s answer. Then circle correct code. If you do not know correct name, consult your supervisor, fill in the correct name, and circle relevant code before leaving PSU. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 7 1 Know but can't remember 65 2 Incorrect guess 48 3 Correct name 314 9 Don't know 766 998 Refused 0 Q42a. Extent of democracy 42A. In your opinion how much of a democracy is Malawi today? Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 58 2 A democracy, with major problems 386 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 357 4 A full democracy 300 8 Do not understand question/democracy 34 9 Don't know 65 998 Refused 0 Q42b. Extent of democracy: Vignette A 42B. Angela lives in a country with many political parties and free elections. Everyone is free to speak their minds about politics and to vote for the party of their choice. Elections sometimes lead to a change of ruling party. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Angela’s country? Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 97 2 A democracy, with major problems 157 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 244 4 A full democracy 566 8 Do not understand question/democracy 48 9 Don't know 88 998 Refused 0 Q42c. Extent of democracy: Vignette B 42C. Boniface lives in a country with regular elections. It has one large political party and many small ones. People are free to express their opinions and to vote as they please. But so far, elections have not led to a change of ruling party. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Boniface’s country? Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Not a democracy 321 2 A democracy, with major problems 341 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 276 4 A full democracy 108 8 Do not understand question/democracy 54 9 Don't know 99 998 Refused 0 Q42d. Extent of democracy: Vignette C 42D. Chrissy lives in a country with regular elections. It has one big political party and many small ones. People are afraid to express political opinions or to vote for the opposition. The opposition is so weak that it seems that it can never win an election. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Chrissy country? Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 615 2 A democracy, with major problems 292 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 73 4 A full democracy 47 8 Do not understand question/democracy 57 9 Don't know 116 998 Refused 0 Q43. Satisfaction with democracy 43. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Malawi? Are you: Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in English. Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand English term. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Malawi is not a democracy 17 1 Not at all satisfied 179 2 Not very satisfied 237 3 Fairly satisfied 386 4 Very satisfied 311 9 Don't Know 69 998 Refused 0 Q44a. Courts make binding decisions 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 110 2 Disagree 125 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 35 4 Agree 512 5 Strongly Agree 382 9 Don't know 36 998 Refused 0 Q44b. People must obey the law 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 140 2 Disagree 131 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 56 4 Agree 512 5 Strongly Agree 328 9 Don't know 33 998 Refused 0 Q44c. People must pay taxes 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Strongly Disagree 153 2 Disagree 135 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 51 4 Agree 490 5 Strongly Agree 284 9 Don't know 85 998 Refused 0 Q45a. How often party competition leads to conflict 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 251 1 Rarely 440 2 Often 314 3 Always 156 9 Don't know 39 998 Refused 0 Q45b. How often president ignores laws 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 6 0 Never 523 1 Rarely 316 2 Often 171 3 Always 58 9 Don't know 126 998 Refused 0 Q45c. How often people treated unequally 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 7 0 Never 358 1 Rarely 264 2 Often 359 3 Always 129 9 Don't know 83 998 Refused 0 Q45d. How often officials unpunished 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 7 0 Never 332 1 Rarely 275 2 Often 318 3 Always 182 9 Don't know 86 998 Refused 0 Q45e. How often ordinary people unpunished 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 6 0 Never 758 1 Rarely 172 2 Often 80 3 Always 123 9 Don't know 61 998 Refused 0 Q46. How often careful what you say 46. In this country, how often do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Never 498 1 Rarely 233 2 Often 181 3 Always 242 9 Don't know 42 998 Refused 0 Q47. How much fear political intimidation or violence 47. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political intimidation or violence? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 A lot 247 1 Somewhat 151 2 A little bit 151 3 Not at all 631 9 Don't know 20 998 Refused 0 Q48a. How likely powerful find out your vote 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Not at all likely 912 1 Not very likely 109 2 Somewhat likely 73 3 Very likely 60 9 Don't know 44 998 Refused 0 Q48b. How likely punished for making complaints 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Not at all likely 754 1 Not very likely 127 2 Somewhat likely 142 3 Very likely 117 9 Don't know 59 998 Refused 0 Q49a. Trust president 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Not at all 88 1 Just a little 134 2 Somewhat 182 3 A lot 770 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 24 998 Refused 0 Q49b. Trust parliament/national assembly 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 Not at all 216 1 Just a little 291 2 Somewhat 264 3 A lot 379 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 47 998 Refused 0 Q49c. Trust national electoral commission 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Not at all 99 1 Just a little 193 2 Somewhat 285 3 A lot 520 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 99 998 Refused 0 Q49d. Trust your elected local government council 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 6 0 Not at all 130 1 Just a little 215 2 Somewhat 230 3 A lot 383 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 236 998 Refused 0 Q49e. Trust the ruling party 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 Not at all 169 1 Just a little 181 2 Somewhat 213 3 A lot 596 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 38 998 Refused 0 Q49f. Trust opposition political parties 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Not at all 503 1 Just a little 265 2 Somewhat 163 3 A lot 218 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 47 998 Refused 0 Q49g. Trust police 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Not at all 150 1 Just a little 187 2 Somewhat 282 3 A lot 548 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 29 998 Refused 0 Q49h. Trust courts of law 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Not at all 79 1 Just a little 171 2 Somewhat 263 3 A lot 635 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 48 998 Refused 0 Q49i. Trust traditional leaders 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 5 0 Not at all 108 1 Just a little 187 2 Somewhat 211 3 A lot 662 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 27 998 Refused 0 Q50a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 None 269 1 Some of them 459 2 Most of them 138 3 All of them 63 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 268 998 Refused 0 Q50b. Corruption: Members of Parliament 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 None 192 1 Some of them 461 2 Most of them 236 3 All of them 72 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 237 998 Refused 0 Q50c. Corruption: local government councilors 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 None 221 1 Some of them 394 2 Most of them 217 3 All of them 65 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 300 998 Refused 0 Q50d. Corruption: government officials 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 5 0 None 167 1 Some of them 433 2 Most of them 273 3 All of them 87 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 235 998 Refused 0 Q50e. Corruption: police 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 6 0 None 173 1 Some of them 347 2 Most of them 314 3 All of them 160 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 200 998 Refused 0 Q50f. Corruption: tax officials 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 None 196 1 Some of them 360 2 Most of them 249 3 All of them 108 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 283 998 Refused 0 Q50g. Corruption: judges and magistrates 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 8 0 None 230 1 Some of them 411 2 Most of them 244 3 All of them 72 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 235 998 Refused 0 Q50h. Corruption: traditional leaders 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 None 251 1 Some of them 392 2 Most of them 279 3 All of them 138 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 136 998 Refused 0 Q51a. Pay bribe for: document or permit 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 986 1 Once or Twice 51 2 A Few Times 16 3 Often 11 7 No experience with this in past year 128 9 Don't Know 8 998 Refused 0 Q51b. Pay bribe for: water or sanitation services 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 1029 1 Once or Twice 22 2 A Few Times 14 3 Often 5 7 No experience with this in past year 122 9 Don't Know 7 998 Refused 0 Q51c. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1006 1 Once or Twice 40 2 A Few Times 14 3 Often 8 7 No experience with this in past year 126 9 Don't Know 6 998 Refused 0 Q52. Most important responsibility of MP 52. Members of Parliament have different responsibilities. Which of the following do you think is the most important responsibility of your Member of Parliament? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Listen to constituents and represent their needs 613 2 Deliver jobs or development 481 3 Make laws for the good of the country 53 4 Monitor the president and his government 28 5 None of these 4 9 Don't know 19 998 Refused 0 Q53a. Time MPs should spend 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 18 1 At least once a year 38 2 At least once a month 424 3 At least weekly 207 4 Almost all of their time 496 9 Don't know 17 998 Refused 0 Q53b. Time MP does spend 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 Never 560 1 At least once a year 242 2 At least once a month 185 3 At least weekly 46 4 Almost all of their time 108 9 Don't know 56 998 Refused 0 Q54a. MPs listen 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 668 1 Only sometimes 330 2 Often 96 3 Always 74 9 Don't know 31 998 Refused 0 Q54b. Local government councilors listen 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 405 1 Only sometimes 359 2 Often 195 3 Always 73 9 Don't know 167 998 Refused 0 Q54c. Traditional leaders listen 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 153 1 Only sometimes 222 2 Often 410 3 Always 386 9 Don't know 28 998 Refused 0 Q55. MPs benefit local community vs. whole country Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 6 1 Agree very strongly with 1 688 2 Agree with 1 223 3 Agree with 2 100 4 Agree very strongly with 2 161 5 Agree with neither 12 9 Don't know 10 998 Refused 0 Q56pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 56. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?”; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 0 999 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/No problems 5 1 Management of economy 60 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 34 3 Unemployment 28 4 Poverty/ destitution 90 5 Rates and taxes 8 6 Loans/ credit 11 7 Farming/ agriculture 147 8 Food shortage/ famine 452 9 Drought 13 10 Land 2 11 Transportation 6 12 Communications 3 13 Infrastructure/ roads 58 14 Education 15 15 Housing 3 16 Electricity 5 17 Water supply 127 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 4 19 Services (other) 1 20 Health 30 21 AIDS 7 22 Sickness/ disease 2 23 Crime and security 18 24 Corruption 30 25 Political violence 2 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 15 27 Discrimination/ inequality 1 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 0 29 Democracy/ political rights 1 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 7 995 Other 2 998 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 13 Q56pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 56. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response. Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?”; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1 996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of economy 63 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 59 3 Unemployment 47 4 Poverty/ destitution 127 5 Rates and taxes 9 6 Loans/ credit 34 7 Farming/ agriculture 91 8 Food shortage/ famine 179 9 Drought 2 10 Land 3 11 Transportation 7 12 Communications 2 13 Infrastructure/ roads 80 14 Education 44 15 Housing 1 16 Electricity 10 17 Water supply 161 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 10 19 Services (other) 4 20 Health 80 21 AIDS 8 22 Sickness/ disease 14 23 Crime and security 35 24 Corruption 22 25 Political violence 6 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 13 27 Discrimination/ inequality 1 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 2 29 Democracy/ political rights 4 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 27 995 Other 5 996 No further response 50 998 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q56pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 56. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response. Accept up to three answers. If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?”; if respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1 996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of economy 53 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 26 3 Unemployment 33 4 Poverty/ destitution 89 5 Rates and taxes 12 6 Loans/ credit 29 7 Farming/ agriculture 87 8 Food shortage/ famine 92 9 Drought 6 10 Land 5 11 Transportation 16 12 Communications 4 13 Infrastructure/ roads 83 14 Education 62 15 Housing 8 16 Electricity 17 17 Water supply 109 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 30 19 Services (other) 9 20 Health 144 21 AIDS 10 22 Sickness/ disease 11 23 Crime and security 50 24 Corruption 23 25 Political violence 2 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 17 27 Discrimination/ inequality 9 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 2 29 Democracy/ political rights 6 30 War (international) 1 31 Civil war 1 32 Agricultural marketing 22 995 Other 2 996 No further response 130 998 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q57a. Handling managing the economy 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 Very Badly 172 2 Fairly Badly 160 3 Fairly Well 443 4 Very Well 365 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 56 998 Refused 0 Q57b. Handling improving living standards of the poor 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 223 2 Fairly Badly 212 3 Fairly Well 485 4 Very Well 247 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 32 998 Refused 0 Q57c. Handling creating jobs 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 341 2 Fairly Badly 301 3 Fairly Well 344 4 Very Well 141 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 70 998 Refused 0 Q57d. Handling keeping prices down 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 5 1 Very Badly 513 2 Fairly Badly 289 3 Fairly Well 258 4 Very Well 112 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 23 998 Refused 0 Q57e. Handling narrowing income gaps 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 348 2 Fairly Badly 283 3 Fairly Well 378 4 Very Well 123 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 67 998 Refused 0 Q57f. Handling reducing crime 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 151 2 Fairly Badly 183 3 Fairly Well 465 4 Very Well 367 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 31 998 Refused 0 Q57g. Handling improving basic health services 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 95 2 Fairly Badly 172 3 Fairly Well 535 4 Very Well 362 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 33 998 Refused 0 Q57h. Handling addressing educational needs 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 90 2 Fairly Badly 176 3 Fairly Well 520 4 Very Well 372 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 39 998 Refused 0 Q57i. Handling providing water and sanitation services 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 254 2 Fairly Badly 242 3 Fairly Well 405 4 Very Well 270 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 28 998 Refused 0 Q57j. Handling ensuring enough to eat 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 255 2 Fairly Badly 278 3 Fairly Well 344 4 Very Well 296 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 24 998 Refused 0 Q57k. Handling fighting corruption 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Very Badly 151 2 Fairly Badly 222 3 Fairly Well 414 4 Very Well 349 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 62 998 Refused 0 Q57l. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 Very Badly 62 2 Fairly Badly 99 3 Fairly Well 426 4 Very Well 569 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 40 998 Refused 0 Q57m. Handling maintaining roads and bridges 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 Very Badly 159 2 Fairly Badly 195 3 Fairly Well 423 4 Very Well 385 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 34 998 Refused 0 Q57n. Handling providing reliable electric supply 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 255 2 Fairly Badly 242 3 Fairly Well 356 4 Very Well 195 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 149 998 Refused 0 Q57o. Handling protecting rivers and forests 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 171 2 Fairly Badly 232 3 Fairly Well 457 4 Very Well 270 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 67 998 Refused 0 Q57p. Handling empowering women 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 Very Badly 127 2 Fairly Badly 141 3 Fairly Well 413 4 Very Well 447 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 68 998 Refused 0 Q58a. Primary responsibility: keeping the community clean 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Central government 335 2 Local government 172 3 Traditional leaders 152 4 Members of the community 483 5 None of them 8 9 Don't know 47 998 Refused 0 Q58b. Primary responsibility: managing schools 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Central government 693 2 Local government 120 3 Traditional leaders 101 4 Members of the community 248 5 None of them 4 9 Don't know 34 998 Refused 0 Q58c. Primary responsibility: managing health clinics 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Central government 817 2 Local government 101 3 Traditional leaders 70 4 Members of the community 167 5 None of them 8 9 Don't know 37 998 Refused 0 Q58d. Primary responsibility: collecting income taxes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Central government 809 2 Local government 214 3 Traditional leaders 39 4 Members of the community 39 5 None of them 9 9 Don't know 90 998 Refused 0 Q58e. Primary responsibility: solving local disputes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Central government 366 2 Local government 66 3 Traditional leaders 658 4 Members of the community 75 5 None of them 3 9 Don't know 32 998 Refused 0 Q58f. Primary responsibility: allocating land 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Central government 275 2 Local government 104 3 Traditional leaders 728 4 Members of the community 54 5 None of them 1 9 Don't know 38 998 Refused 0 Q58g. Primary responsibility: protecting rivers and forests 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Central government 612 2 Local government 82 3 Traditional leaders 228 4 Members of the community 221 5 None of them 8 9 Don't know 48 998 Refused 0 Q58h. Primary responsibility: maintaining law and order 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Central government 848 2 Local government 38 3 Traditional leaders 193 4 Members of the community 77 5 None of them 4 9 Don't know 39 998 Refused 0 Q59a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads Probe for strength of opinion 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 214 2 Fairly Badly 143 3 Fairly Well 378 4 Very Well 114 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 350 998 Refused 0 Q59b. Local govt. handling maintaining local markets Probe for strength of opinion 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Very Badly 212 2 Fairly Badly 186 3 Fairly Well 336 4 Very Well 92 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 372 998 Refused 0 Q59c. Local govt. handling health standards in restaurants Probe for strength of opinion 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Very Badly 203 2 Fairly Badly 178 3 Fairly Well 305 4 Very Well 91 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 420 998 Refused 0 Q59d. Local govt. handling keeping community clean Probe for strength of opinion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 196 2 Fairly Badly 173 3 Fairly Well 284 4 Very Well 96 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 451 998 Refused 0 Q59e. Local govt. handling collecting license fees Probe for strength of opinion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 131 2 Fairly Badly 118 3 Fairly Well 207 4 Very Well 131 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 613 998 Refused 0 Q59f. Local govt. handling collecting rates on private houses Probe for strength of opinion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 125 2 Fairly Badly 98 3 Fairly Well 209 4 Very Well 105 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 663 998 Refused 0 Q60a. How well local council making work known Probe for strength of opinion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 382 2 Fairly Badly 110 3 Fairly Well 144 4 Very Well 44 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 520 998 Refused 0 Q60b. How well local council providing budget information Probe for strength of opinion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 436 2 Fairly Badly 94 3 Fairly Well 96 4 Very Well 29 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 545 998 Refused 0 Q60c. How well local council allowing citizen participation Probe for strength of opinion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 419 2 Fairly Badly 101 3 Fairly Well 106 4 Very Well 32 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 542 998 Refused 0 Q60d. How well local council consulting others Probe for strength of opinion 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 289 2 Fairly Badly 75 3 Fairly Well 165 4 Very Well 90 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 580 998 Refused 0 Q60e. How well local council handling complaints Probe for strength of opinion 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 336 2 Fairly Badly 74 3 Fairly Well 127 4 Very Well 48 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 614 998 Refused 0 Q60f. How well local council using government revenues Probe for strength of opinion 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Very Badly 354 2 Fairly Badly 90 3 Fairly Well 104 4 Very Well 42 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 609 998 Refused 0 Q61. How much ordinary person can do to solve local problems 61. When there are problems with how local government is run in your community, how much can an ordinary person do to improve the situation? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Nothing 480 2 A small amount 130 3 Some 109 4 A great deal 217 9 Don't know 262 998 Refused 0 Q62a1. Any problems with how local gov't is run in the past year 62A1. In the past year, have you yourself seen any problems with how local government is run? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 696 1 Yes 327 9 Don't know 177 998 Refused 0 Q62a. How often: discuss with others If respondent answered “yes” or “Don’t know” to Q62A1, ask. If respondent saw no problems, i.e., said “No” on Q62A1, use code 7=Not applicable for ALL remaining parts of Q62, and continue to Q63. Code 7 should either be used for ALL parts of Q62A-F, or NONE of them. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 40 0 Never 201 1 Once or twice 54 2 Several times 80 3 Many times 47 7 Not applicable/Saw no problems 696 9 Don't know 82 998 Refused 0 Q62b. How often: join others to respond If respondent answered “yes” or “Don’t know” to Q62A1, ask. If respondent saw no problems, i.e., said “No” on Q62A1, use code 7=Not applicable for ALL remaining parts of Q62, and continue to Q63. Code 7 should either be used for ALL parts of Q62A-F, or NONE of them. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 42 0 Never 221 1 Once or twice 47 2 Several times 71 3 Many times 42 7 Not applicable/Saw no problems 696 9 Don't know 81 998 Refused 0 Q62c. How often: discuss with community leaders If respondent answered “yes” or “Don’t know” to Q62A1, ask. If respondent saw no problems, i.e., said “No” on Q62A1, use code 7=Not applicable for ALL remaining parts of Q62, and continue to Q63. Code 7 should either be used for ALL parts of Q62A-F, or NONE of them. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 42 0 Never 231 1 Once or twice 41 2 Several times 64 3 Many times 43 7 Not applicable/Saw no problems 696 9 Don't know 83 998 Refused 0 Q62d. How often: write newspaper letter or call radio show If respondent answered “yes” or “Don’t know” to Q62A1, ask. If respondent saw no problems, i.e., said “No” on Q62A1, use code 7=Not applicable for ALL remaining parts of Q62, and continue to Q63. Code 7 should either be used for ALL parts of Q62A-F, or NONE of them. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 46 0 Never 365 1 Once or twice 8 2 Several times 1 3 Many times 1 7 Not applicable/Saw no problems 696 9 Don't know 83 998 Refused 0 Q62e. How often: make complaint to local government officials If respondent answered “yes” or “Don’t know” to Q62A1, ask. If respondent saw no problems, i.e., said “No” on Q62A1, use code 7=Not applicable for ALL remaining parts of Q62, and continue to Q63. Code 7 should either be used for ALL parts of Q62A-F, or NONE of them. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 46 0 Never 349 1 Once or twice 14 2 Several times 10 3 Many times 2 7 Not applicable/Saw no problems 696 9 Don't know 83 998 Refused 0 Q62f. How often: make complaint to other government officials If respondent answered “yes” or “Don’t know” to Q62A1, ask. If respondent saw no problems, i.e., said “No” on Q62A1, use code 7=Not applicable for ALL remaining parts of Q62, and continue to Q63. Code 7 should either be used for ALL parts of Q62A-F, or NONE of them. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 47 0 Never 347 1 Once or twice 15 2 Several times 8 3 Many times 1 7 Not applicable/Saw no problems 696 9 Don't know 86 998 Refused 0 Q63a. Local councilor qualifications: education 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Unqualified 14 2 Fairly Unqualified 83 3 Fairly Qualified 157 4 Very Qualified 132 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 814 998 Refused 0 Q63b. Local councilor qualifications: care about community 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Unqualified 66 2 Fairly Unqualified 151 3 Fairly Qualified 181 4 Very Qualified 78 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 724 998 Refused 0 Q63c. Local councilor qualifications: experience managing 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Unqualified 52 2 Fairly Unqualified 129 3 Fairly Qualified 178 4 Very Qualified 96 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 745 998 Refused 0 Q63d. Local councilor qualifications: honesty handling funds 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Unqualified 110 2 Fairly Unqualified 125 3 Fairly Qualified 138 4 Very Qualified 63 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 764 998 Refused 0 Q64a. Payments made: fees for government service 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 No 723 1 Yes 463 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 9 Q64b. Payments made: license fees to local government 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 No 961 1 Yes 226 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 9 Q64c. Payments made: property rates or taxes 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 No 1089 1 Yes 93 8 Refused 5 9 Don't know 10 Q64d. Payments made: public utility fees 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 No 933 1 Yes 254 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know 8 Q64e. Payments made: income taxes 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 No 1054 1 Yes 133 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 7 Q65. Traditional leaders influence governing local community 65. How much influence do traditional leaders currently have in governing your local community? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 None 34 2 A small amount 255 3 Some 260 4 A great deal 615 9 Don't know 32 998 Refused 0 Q66. Traditional leaders more or less influence 66. Do you think that the amount of influence traditional leaders have in governing your local community should increase, stay the same, or decrease? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Decrease a lot 14 2 Decrease somewhat 56 3 Stay the same 254 4 Increase somewhat 176 5 Increase a lot 670 9 Don't know 28 998 Refused 0 Q67. Traditional leaders sit on local government council 67. Do you think that traditional leaders should sit on your district assembly, or not? [If yes, ask:] If so, do you think they should be elected by the people to these seats, appointed by government officials, or selected in some other way? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 No, should not have seats on council 171 1 Yes, should have seats elected by people 588 2 Yes, should have seats appointed by government officials 205 3 Yes, should have seats selected in some other way 53 9 Don't know 181 998 Refused 0 Q68. Traditional leaders non-partisan vs. allow party affiliation Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Agree very strongly with 1 686 2 Agree with 1 198 3 Agree with 2 115 4 Agree very strongly with 2 169 5 Agree with neither 14 9 Don't know 15 998 Refused 0 Q69. Traditional leaders independent of govt. vs. receive salary 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Agree very strongly with 1 97 2 Agree with 1 58 3 Agree with 2 205 4 Agree very strongly with 2 814 5 Agree with neither 8 9 Don't know 16 998 Refused 0 Q70a. Performance: President 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 92 2 Disapprove 84 3 Approve 264 4 Strongly Approve 731 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 29 998 Refused 0 Q70b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep. 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 Strongly Disapprove 582 2 Disapprove 171 3 Approve 208 4 Strongly Approve 159 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 76 998 Refused 0 Q70c. Performance: local government councilor 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 1 Strongly Disapprove 159 2 Disapprove 147 3 Approve 416 4 Strongly Approve 185 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 289 998 Refused 0 Q71. Elections free and fair 71. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2004? Was it: 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not free and fair 194 2 Free and fair, with major problems 143 3 Free and fair, but with minor problems 244 4 Completely free and fair 524 8 Do not understand question 4 9 Don't know 91 998 Refused 0 Q72a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Not at all well 130 1 Not very well 202 2 Well 339 3 Very well 446 9 Don't know 82 998 Refused 0 Q72b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Not at all well 108 1 Not very well 112 2 Well 229 3 Very well 671 9 Don't know 79 998 Refused 0 Q73a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The president/executive 192 1 The parliament/local council 62 2 Their political party 44 3 The voters 838 4 No one 27 9 Don't know 37 998 Refused 0 Q73b. Who responsible: local councilors do jobs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The president/executive 233 1 The parliament/local council 219 2 Their political party 31 3 The voters 551 4 No one 18 9 Don't know 148 998 Refused 0 Q73c. Who responsible: president does job 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The president/executive 129 1 The parliament/local council 183 2 Their political party 47 3 The voters 761 4 No one 31 9 Don't know 49 998 Refused 0 Q74. Voice heard between elections 74. How easy or difficult is it for an ordinary person to have his voice heard between elections? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very difficult 774 2 Somewhat difficult 123 3 Somewhat easy 135 4 Very easy 134 9 Don't know 34 998 Refused 0 Q75-mlw. National budget discussions vs. democratic constitutional issues 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 730 2 Agree with 1 181 3 Agree with 2 70 4 Agree very strongly with 2 148 5 Agree with neither 24 9 Don't know 46 998 Refused 0 Q76a-mlw. Elder pension scheme vs. cared by own family Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Agree very strongly with 1 842 2 Agree with 1 246 3 Agree with 2 37 4 Agree very strongly with 2 61 5 Agree with neither 6 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q76b-mlw. Cash transfer scheme vs. help by government resources 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 439 2 Agree with 1 166 3 Agree with 2 129 4 Agree very strongly with 2 448 5 Agree with neither 11 9 Don't know 6 998 Refused 0 Q76c-mlw. Recipients choosen by community committee vs. by gov't or NGO 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Agree very strongly with 1 425 2 Agree with 1 217 3 Agree with 2 142 4 Agree very strongly with 2 347 5 Agree with neither 59 9 Don't know 8 998 Refused 0 Q77a-mlw. Rotational system for president vs. not 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 1 Agree very strongly with 1 182 2 Agree with 1 94 3 Agree with 2 214 4 Agree very strongly with 2 681 5 Agree with neither 5 9 Don't know 22 998 Refused 0 Q77b-mlw. No two-term limit vs. yes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 302 2 Agree with 1 125 3 Agree with 2 143 4 Agree very strongly with 2 574 5 Agree with neither 39 9 Don't know 17 998 Refused 0 Q77c-mlw. Former president as party leader vs. not 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 290 2 Agree with 1 144 3 Agree with 2 171 4 Agree very strongly with 2 552 5 Agree with neither 19 9 Don't know 24 998 Refused 0 Q77d-mlw. Run for president as many as possible vs. no more than two times 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 270 2 Agree with 1 134 3 Agree with 2 189 4 Agree very strongly with 2 565 5 Agree with neither 22 9 Don't know 20 998 Refused 0 Q77e-mlw. Upper age limit for elected positions vs. not 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 459 2 Agree with 1 179 3 Agree with 2 178 4 Agree very strongly with 2 360 5 Agree with neither 8 9 Don't know 16 998 Refused 0 Q77a-mlw. University degree required for president candidate vs. not 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 902 2 Agree with 1 104 3 Agree with 2 68 4 Agree very strongly with 2 103 5 Agree with neither 9 9 Don't know 13 998 Refused 0 Q78-mlw. Chichewa as an official language vs. English only 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 1 Agree very strongly with 1 557 2 Agree with 1 181 3 Agree with 2 123 4 Agree very strongly with 2 319 5 Agree with neither 5 9 Don't know 14 998 Refused 0 Q79. Tribe or ethnic group 79. What is your tribe? You know, your ethnic or cultural group? If respondent does not identify any group on this question – that is, IF they REFUSE to answer (998), DON’T KNOW (999) or mention “Malawian only (990)”– then mark 7 = Not Applicable for questions 80-83 and continue to question 84. 1200 460 477 -1 Missing 0 460 Tumbuka 132 461 Nkhonde 1 462 Lambya 5 463 Chewa 414 464 Yao 141 465 Ngoni 146 466 Lomwe 203 467 Mang'anja 66 468 Sena 57 469 Sukwa 5 470 Senga 2 471 Tonga 21 472 Khokhola 2 473 Ndali 1 474 Nyika 0 475 Chikunda 1 476 Namwanga 0 477 Wiza 3 990 Malawian only or "doesn't think of self in those terms" 0 995 Others 0 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 0 Q79other. Tribe or ethnic group(verbatim) 79. What is your tribe? You know, your ethnic or cultural group? Other specify. If respondent does not identify any group on this question – that is, IF they REFUSE to answer (998), DON’T KNOW (999) or mention “Malawian only (990)”– then mark 7 = Not Applicable for questions 80-83 and continue to question 84. 1200 1193 Chikunda 1 Khokhola 2 Ndali 1 Wiza 3 Q80. Ethnic group's economic conditions 80. Think about the condition of ______ [R’s Ethnic Group]. Are their economic conditions worse, the same as, or better than other groups in this country? If respondent did not identify any group on Q79 – that is, IF they REFUSED to answer (998), DIDN’T KNOW (999), or said “Malawian only” (990) – then mark 7 = Not Applicable for questions 80-83 and continue to question 84. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Better 39 2 Better 81 3 Same 409 4 Worse 375 5 Much Worse 261 7 Not applicable 0 9 Don't know 35 998 Refused 0 Q81. Ethnic group's political influence 81. Think about the condition of ______ [R’s Ethnic Group]. Do they have less, the same, or more influence in politics than other groups in this country? If respondent did not identify any group on Q79 – that is, IF they REFUSED to answer (998), DIDN’T KNOW (999), or said “Malawian only” (990) – then mark 7 = Not Applicable for questions 80-83 and continue to question 84. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more 157 2 More 153 3 Same 428 4 Less 283 5 Much less 125 7 Not applicable 0 9 Don't know 54 998 Refused 0 Q82. Ethnic group treated unfairly 82. How often are ___________s [R’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government? If respondent did not identify any group on Q79 – that is, IF they REFUSED to answer (998), DIDN’T KNOW (999), or said “Malawian only” (990) – then mark 7 = Not Applicable for questions 80-83 and continue to question 84. 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 608 1 Sometimes 285 2 Often 116 3 Always 114 7 Not applicable 0 9 Don't know 77 998 Refused 0 Q83. Ethnic or national identity 83. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Malawian and being a ________[R’s ETHNIC GROUP]. Which of the following statements best expresses your feelings? If respondent did not identify any group on Q79 – that is, IF they REFUSED to answer (998), DIDN’T KNOW (999), or said “Malawian only” (990) – then mark 7 = Not Applicable for questions 80-83 and continue to question 84. 1200 1 9 1 I feel only [ethnic group] 79 2 I feel more [ethnic group] than Malawian 87 3 I feel equally Malawian and [ethnic group] 346 4 I feel more Malawian than [ethnic group] 120 5 I feel only Malawian 550 7 Not Applicable 2 9 Don't know 16 998 Refused 0 Q84a. Trust relatives 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 0 Not at all 27 1 Just a little 57 2 Somewhat 131 3 A lot 984 7 Not applicable/no relatives 0 9 Don't know 0 998 Refused 0 Q84b. Trust other people you know 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Not at all 71 1 Just a little 240 2 Somewhat 348 3 A lot 535 9 Don't know 2 998 Refused 0 Q84c. Trust other Malawians 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 4 0 Not at all 172 1 Just a little 334 2 Somewhat 272 3 A lot 408 9 Don't know 10 998 Refused 0 Q85. Close to political party 85. Do you feel close to any particular political party? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, not close to any party 328 1 Yes, feels close to a party 812 8 Refused to answer 42 9 Don't know 18 Q86. Which party If “Yes” to Q85 86. Which party is that? If answer to Q85 was “No,” “Don’t Know,” or “Refused to answer,” select 997 = Not applicable. 1200 460 998 -1 Missing 0 460 Alliance For Democracy (AFORD) 5 461 Democratic Progressive Party [DPP] 580 462 MAFUNDE 5 463 Malawi Congress Party [MCP] 76 464 Movement for Genuine Democracy [MGODE] 1 465 New Republican Party 2 466 PETRA 0 467 People's Progressive Movement [PPM] 1 468 Republican Party 5 469 United Democratic Front [UDF] 108 470 NARC 1 995 Others 0 997 Not Applicable 388 998 Refused to answer 28 999 Don't know 0 Q87. How often receive remittances 87. How often, if at all, do you receive money remittances from friends or relatives outside of the country? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 1068 1 Less than once a year 33 2 At least once a year 32 3 At least every 6 months 20 4 At least every 3 months 24 5 At least once a month 18 9 Don't know 3 998 Refused 0 Q88a. How often use a cell phone 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 723 1 Less than once a month 13 2 A few times a month 40 3 A few times a week 75 4 Every day 346 9 Don't know 3 998 Refused 0 Q88b. How often use a computer 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1140 1 Less than once a month 10 2 A few times a month 10 3 A few times a week 12 4 Every day 23 9 Don't know 5 998 Refused 0 Q88c. How often use the internet 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Never 1142 1 Less than once a month 8 2 A few times a month 14 3 A few times a week 16 4 Every day 11 9 Don't know 8 998 Refused 0 Q88d. How often travel 10 km or more 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 329 1 Less than once a month 119 2 A few times a month 249 3 A few times a week 347 4 Every day 144 9 Don't know 12 998 Refused 0 Q88e. What languages do you speak well (verbatim) 88E. What languages do you speak well? List all languages mentioned. 1200 Q88f. Number of languages 88F. Enter total number of languages listed as a two-digit number. Enter 99 for “don’t know.” 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 514 2 457 3 155 4 45 5 22 6 6 7 1 99 Don't know 0 998 Refused 0 Q89. Education of respondent 89. What is the highest level of education you have completed? 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No formal schooling 219 1 Informal schooling only 13 2 Some primary schooling 510 3 Primary school completed 126 4 Some secondary school/high school 193 5 Secondary school completed/high school 96 6 Post-secondary qualifications, not university 34 7 Some university 2 8 University completed 5 9 Post-graduate 1 99 Don't know 1 998 Refused 0 Q90. Religion of respondent 90. What is your religion, if any? 1200 0 999 -1 Missing 0 0 None 23 1 Christian only 74 2 Roman Catholic 241 3 Orthodox 3 4 Coptic 2 5 Anglican 28 6 Lutheran 13 7 Methodist 4 8 Presbyterian 225 9 Baptist 46 10 Quaker/Friends 0 11 Mennonite 0 12 Evangelical 49 13 Pentecostal 112 14 Independent 58 15 Jehovah's Witness 17 16 Seventh Day Adventist 50 17 Mormon 0 18 Muslim only 102 19 Sunni only 1 20 Ismaeli 0 21 Mouridiya Brotherhood 0 22 Tijaniya Brotherhood 0 23 Qadiriya Brotherhood 31 24 Shia only 1 25 Traditional/ethnic religion 12 26 Hindu 1 27 Bahai 1 28 Agnostic(Do not know if there is a God) 1 29 Atheist(Do not believe in a God) 4 461 Sukuti 9 462 African Abraham 13 463 Church of Christ 25 464 Apostolic Faith/New_United 14 465 Last Church/Reform 13 466 Pharisee/Yudeya 0 995 Other 15 998 Refused 6 999 Don't know 6 Q91. Importantance of religion 91. How important is religion in your life? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 11 1 Not at all important 22 2 Not very important 22 3 Somewhat important 44 4 Very important 1084 8 Refused to answer 15 9 Don't know 2 Q92a. Own radio 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 347 1 Yes, do own 849 9 Don't know 4 998 Refused 0 Q92b. Own television 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 1027 1 Yes, do own 164 9 Don't know 9 998 Refused 0 Q92c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 1133 1 Yes, do own 57 9 Don't know 10 998 Refused 0 Q93a. Source of water for household use 93A. Where is your main source of water for household use located? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Inside the house 54 2 Inside the compound 73 3 Outside the compound 1071 9 Don't know 2 998 Refused 0 Q93b. Pay for water 93B. Do you have to pay for using water from this source? 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 14 0 No 859 1 Yes 327 9 Don't know 0 998 Refused 0 Q94. Employment status 94. Do you have a job that pays cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? And are you presently looking for a job (even if you are presently working)? 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 No (not looking) 837 1 No (looking) 168 2 Yes, part time (not looking) 33 3 Yes, part time (looking) 31 4 Yes, full time (not looking) 84 5 Yes, full time (looking) 44 9 Don't know 1 998 Refused 0 Q95. Know died of AIDS 95. Do you know a close friend or relative who has died of AIDS? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 487 1 Yes 680 8 Refused 5 9 Don't know 28 Q96. How many died of AIDS If respondent answered “yes” to Q95, ask. 96. How many friends or relatives is that? If respondent refuses enter 998, and enter 999 for “don’t know.” If answer to Q95 was “No,” “Don’t Know,” or “Refused to answer,” enter 997 = Not applicable. 1200 1 999 -1 Missing 0 1 127 2 140 3 97 4 66 5 71 6 35 7 17 8 10 9 6 10 47 11 5 12 8 13 1 14 1 15 17 17 1 19 1 20 10 22 1 25 1 30 2 66 1 997 Not Applicable 520 998 Will not say/Refused 4 999 Don't know 11 Q97. Vote for which party 97. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? 1200 -1 999 -1 Missing 4 460 Alliance For Democracy (AFORD) 5 461 Democratic Progressive Party [DPP] 733 462 MAFUNDE 7 463 Malawi Congress Party [MCP] 76 464 Movement for Genuine Democracy [MGODE] 0 465 New Republican Party 2 466 PETRA 0 467 People's Progressive Movement [PPM] 4 468 Republican Party 2 469 United Democratic Front [UDF] 134 470 Opposition party 0 471 Independent candidate 0 990 Would vote for candidate and not party 0 995 Others 2 997 Would not vote 29 998 Refused to answer 165 999 Don't know 37 Q98a. How much help country: African Union 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 0 Do nothing, no help 74 1 Help a little bit 56 2 Help somewhat 90 3 Help a lot 142 9 Don't know 835 998 Refused 0 Q98b. How much help country: SADC 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Do nothing, no help 71 1 Help a little bit 70 2 Help somewhat 122 3 Help a lot 165 9 Don't know 771 998 Refused 0 Q98c. How much help country: United Nations 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Do nothing, no help 63 1 Help a little bit 50 2 Help somewhat 108 3 Help a lot 193 9 Don't know 786 998 Refused 0 Q98d. How much help country: international donors/NGOs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Do nothing, no help 38 1 Help a little bit 66 2 Help somewhat 121 3 Help a lot 197 9 Don't know 778 998 Refused 0 Q98e. How much help country: International business/investors 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 5 0 Do nothing, no help 75 1 Help a little bit 58 2 Help somewhat 104 3 Help a lot 129 9 Don't know 829 998 Refused 0 Q98f. How much help country: Nigeria 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Do nothing, no help 225 1 Help a little bit 67 2 Help somewhat 47 3 Help a lot 41 9 Don't know 820 998 Refused 0 Q98g. How much help country: South Africa 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Do nothing, no help 116 1 Help a little bit 115 2 Help somewhat 121 3 Help a lot 115 9 Don't know 732 998 Refused 0 Q98h. How much help country: China 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Do nothing, no help 67 1 Help a little bit 43 2 Help somewhat 128 3 Help a lot 262 9 Don't know 699 998 Refused 0 Q98i. How much help country: United States 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Do nothing, no help 66 1 Help a little bit 33 2 Help somewhat 120 3 Help a lot 284 9 Don't know 696 998 Refused 0 Q98j. How much help country: United Kingdom 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Do nothing, no help 66 1 Help a little bit 30 2 Help somewhat 104 3 Help a lot 306 9 Don't know 693 998 Refused 0 Q98j1. How much help country: EU 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 0 Do nothing, no help 66 1 Help a little bit 30 2 Help somewhat 81 3 Help a lot 293 9 Don't know 729 998 Refused 0 Q98k.NEPAD/APRM useful initiate vs. empty one Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 77 2 Agree with 1 50 3 Agree with 2 12 4 Agree very strongly with 2 16 5 Agree with neither 8 9 Don't know 1037 998 Refused 0 Q99a. Influence of International donors and NGOs 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Far too little 77 2 Somewhat too little 95 3 About the right amount 152 4 Somewhat too much 102 5 Far too much 66 9 Don't know 705 998 Refused 0 Q99b. Influence of international businesses and investors 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Far too little 74 2 Somewhat too little 97 3 About the right amount 141 4 Somewhat too much 84 5 Far too much 39 9 Don't know 762 998 Refused 0 Q99c. Influence of civic organizations and NGOs 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 3 1 Far too little 93 2 Somewhat too little 122 3 About the right amount 196 4 Somewhat too much 73 5 Far too much 36 9 Don't know 677 998 Refused 0 Q100. Perceived survey sponsor 100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 1200 -1 999 -1 Missing 4 0 No one 8 1 Government (general) 680 2 National/ federal government 11 3 Provincial/ regional government 0 4 Local government 6 5 President/PM's office 74 6 Parliament/ National assembly 6 7 Government census/ statistics office 7 8 National Intelligence/ Secret Service 4 9 Education or Social Affairs Dept./Ministry 5 10 Tax or Finance Dept./Ministry 0 11 Health Dept./Ministry 1 12 Other government dept./ministry 4 13 Constitutional Commission 1 14 Electoral Commission 6 15 National Planning Commission 0 16 Public Utility Company 0 17 NGO 49 18 Political party/ politicians 18 19 Research company/org. (AB natl. partner) 106 20 Newspapers/ Media 1 21 University/ School/ College 24 22 Private company 3 23 International Organization 8 24 God or a religious organization 2 995 Other 15 998 Refused 5 999 Don't know 152 Time interview ended ENDTIME. Time interview ended Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock. 1200 Length of interview LENGTH. For Office Use: Duration of interview in minutes 1200 19 137 -1 Missing 0 19 1 20 3 22 2 23 2 24 1 25 4 26 1 27 2 28 3 29 8 30 13 31 8 32 11 33 20 34 11 35 26 36 11 37 13 38 19 39 23 40 78 41 31 42 37 43 29 44 18 45 60 46 27 47 37 48 25 49 23 50 45 51 23 52 21 53 28 54 29 55 45 56 20 57 16 58 25 59 24 60 49 61 10 62 25 63 16 64 9 65 36 66 7 67 14 68 8 69 7 70 24 71 11 72 8 73 10 74 8 75 12 76 2 77 4 78 4 79 5 80 13 81 3 82 3 83 3 84 4 85 12 86 3 87 1 88 4 89 5 90 10 92 1 93 2 94 3 95 5 96 1 97 2 98 3 100 3 101 5 102 1 103 1 105 1 106 2 107 3 108 2 109 1 110 2 113 1 114 1 115 1 120 2 125 1 130 1 136 1 137 1 Q101. Gender of respondent 101. Respondent's gender 1200 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Male 600 2 Female 600 Q102. Race of respondent 102. Respondent’s race? 1200 -1 6 -1 Missing 1 1 Black/African 1193 2 White/European 5 3 Coloured/Mixed Race 0 4 Arab/Lebanese/North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 0 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 1 95 Other 0 Q103. Language of interview 103. What was the primary language used in the interview? 1200 1 464 -1 Missing 0 1 English 34 2 French 0 3 Portuguese 0 4 Kiswahili 0 460 Tumbuka 142 462 Lambya 0 463 Chewa 1022 464 Yao 2 465 Ngoni 0 995 Other 0 Q104. Others present 104. Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 1200 -1 5 -1 Missing 4 1 No one 736 2 Spouse 81 3 Children Only 170 4 A few others 197 5 Small crowd 12 Q105a. Check with others 105A. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 2 0 No 1127 1 Yes 71 Q105b. Influence by others 105B. Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 5 0 No 1122 1 Yes 73 Q105c. Approached by community/party representatives 105C. Were you approached by community and/or political party representatives? 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 5 0 No 1175 1 Yes 20 Q105d. Feel threatened 105D. Did you feel threatened during the interview? 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 5 0 No 1182 1 Yes 13 Q105e. Physically threatened 105E. Were you physically threatened during the interview? 1200 -1 1 -1 Missing 5 0 No 1187 1 Yes 8 Q106. Proportion difficulty answering 106. What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 1200 -1 4 -1 Missing 3 0 None 753 1 Few 210 2 Some 164 3 Most 59 4 All 11 Q107a. Trouble answering - first response If the respondent had trouble with less than three, enter “000” in the boxes. 1200 Q107b. Trouble answering - second response If the respondent had trouble with less than three, enter “000” in the boxes. 1200 Q107c. Trouble answering - third response If the respondent had trouble with less than three, enter “000” in the boxes. 1200 Q108a. Respondent friendly 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 4 1 Friendly 1053 2 In between 141 3 Hostile 2 Q108b. Respondent interested 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 1 Interested 988 2 In between 197 3 Bored 14 Q108c. Respondent cooperative 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 1 Cooperative 1085 2 In between 110 3 Uncooperative 4 Q108d. Respondent patient 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 1 Patient 1020 2 In between 171 3 Impatient 8 Q108e. Respondent at ease 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 1 At ease 952 2 In between 215 3 Suspicious 32 Q108f. Respondent honest 1200 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 1 Honest 1012 2 In between 171 3 Misleading 16 Q110. Interviewer's number 110. Interviewer’s Number. 1200 MLW01 5 MLW02 71 MLW03 68 MLW04 71 MLW05 73 MLW06 78 MLW07 78 MLW08 79 MLW09 11 MLW10 77 MLW11 80 MLW12 3 MLW13 62 MLW14 70 MLW15 74 MLW16 50 MLW17 77 MLW18 70 MLW19 28 MLW20 75 Q111. Interviewer's age 111. Interviewer’s Age. 1200 22 41 -1 Missing 0 22 73 24 182 25 86 26 148 27 300 28 77 29 65 33 71 37 120 41 78 Q112. Interviewer's gender 112. Interviewer’s gender. 1200 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Male 891 2 Female 309 Q113. Interviewer rural or urban 113. Do you come from a rural or urban area? 1200 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Rural 148 2 Urban 1052 Q114. Interviewer's home language 114. Interviewer's home language. 1200 460 473 -1 Missing 0 1 English 0 2 French 0 3 Portuguese 0 4 Kiswahili 0 460 Tumbuka 364 461 Nkhonde 0 462 Lambya 0 463 Chewa 524 464 Yao 0 465 Ngoni 73 466 Lomwe 158 467 Mang'anja 11 468 Sena 0 469 Sukwa 0 470 Senga 0 471 Tonga 0 473 Ndali 70 995 Others 0 Q115. Interviewer's education 115. Interviewer’s highest level of education. 1200 5 8 -1 Missing 0 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some secondary/high scl 0 5 High school completed 212 6 Post secondary qualifications (not university ) 71 7 Some university 0 8 University completed 917 9 Post graduate 0 Within country weight 1200 0.108595421749446 2.84974819838157