ZWE_2005_AFB-R3_v01_M DDI_ZWE_2005_AFB-R3_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2020-06-11 Metadata Editor Version 01 (June 2020) ZWE_2005_AFB-R3_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2005 Round 3 AFB-R3 2005 The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. The survey covered 18 countries in Round 3 (2005-2006). Zimbabwe National coverage Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Face-to-face [f2f] In Rounds 1 through 3, the Afrobarometer did only minimal weighting of data to correct for over- or under-samples of certain populations, usually based on region or urban-rural location. Response rate of the survey was 66.0%. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. zim_r3_data.sav 1048 290 .sav Afrobarometer round 3 survey data. Respondent number Respondent number 1048 Household back-checked? Household back-checked? 1048 1 2 1 Yes 332 2 No 716 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit PSU/EA 1048 1 2 1 Urban 336 2 Rural 712 Province or region Region 1048 440 449 440 Harare 168 441 Bulawayo 64 442 Midlands 133 443 Masvingo 128 444 Mashonaland East 96 445 Mashonaland West 110 446 Mashonaland Central 86 447 Matebeleland South 55 448 Matebeland North 64 449 Manicaland 144 District District 1048 BIKITA 32 BUBI 32 BULAWAYO 64 BULILIMAMANGWE NORTH 55 CENTENARY 31 CHIMANIMANI 24 CHITUNGWIZA 32 GOKWE NORTH 30 GOKWE SOUTH 39 GOROMONZI 56 GUTU 40 HARARE 128 HARARE RURAL 8 HURUNGWE 38 HWANGE 8 KADOMA RURAL 24 KADOMA URBAN 32 KWEKWE RURAL 32 KWEKWE URBAN 32 MAKONDE 16 MAKONI 48 MASVINGO RURAL 40 MASVINGO URBAN 16 MAZOWE 55 MUDZI 40 MUTARE RURAL 48 MUTARE URBAN 24 NKAYI 24 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 1 1048 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 92 2 Person selected was never at home 19 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 92 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 3 6 Did not fit gender quota 60 7 No adults in household 46 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 736 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 2 1048 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 33 2 Person selected was never at home 6 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 57 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 28 7 No adults in household 23 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 900 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 3 1048 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 11 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 30 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 15 7 No adults in household 3 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 987 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 4 1048 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 5 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 9 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 2 7 No adults in household 2 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1029 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 5 1048 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 2 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 2 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1042 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 6 1048 1 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 1 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1045 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 7 1048 997 997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 997 Not Applicable 1048 Previous interview, gender Previous interview was with a 1048 0 2 0 First interview 195 1 Male 434 2 Female 419 This interview, gender This interview must be with a 1048 1 2 1 Male 519 2 Female 529 Number of Calls How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 1048 1 2 1 1030 2 18 Date of Interview Date of interview 1048 2005-10-09 31 2005-10-10 65 2005-10-11 77 2005-10-12 57 2005-10-13 78 2005-10-14 58 2005-10-15 72 2005-10-16 15 2005-10-17 16 2005-10-18 88 2005-10-19 72 2005-10-20 63 2005-10-21 48 2005-10-22 64 2005-10-23 72 2005-10-24 47 2005-10-25 40 2005-10-26 41 2005-10-27 31 2005-10-28 13 Time interview started Time interview started 1048 Q1. Age 1. How old are you? 1048 18 999 -1 Missing 0 18 27 19 29 20 36 21 34 22 32 23 36 24 35 25 34 26 20 27 41 28 30 29 27 30 31 31 22 32 39 33 31 34 21 35 32 36 29 37 12 38 24 39 9 40 37 41 12 42 27 43 20 44 12 45 22 46 22 47 17 48 26 49 14 50 17 51 11 52 17 53 14 54 9 55 8 56 10 57 10 58 6 59 4 60 12 61 10 62 6 63 4 64 9 65 7 67 5 68 7 69 5 70 6 71 3 72 7 73 3 74 4 75 1 76 1 78 2 79 2 80 1 81 1 83 2 86 1 88 1 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 2 Q2. Head of household 2. Are you the head of the household? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 438 1 Yes 610 9 Don't know 0 998 Refused 0 Q3. Langauge of Respondent 3. Which Zimbabwean language is your home language? 1048 1 995 -1 Missing 0 1 English 4 2 French 0 3 Portuguese 0 440 Ndebele 170 441 Shona 824 442 Venda 0 443 Kalanga 32 444 Tonga 10 995 8 Q4a. How recently come to stay in this area 4A. How recently did you come to stay in this area? 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Within the last six months 51 2 Between six and twelve months ago 40 3 More than a year ago 957 9 Don't know 0 Q4b. How long lived with this household 4B. How long have you lived with this household? 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Within the last six months 47 2 Between six and twelve months ago 33 3 More than a year ago 968 9 Don't know 0 Q5. Where live before 5. Before you came to stay here, where were you living? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 An urban area in Zimbabwe 249 2 A communal area in Zimbabwe 260 3 A rural resettlement area in Zimbabwe 50 4 A neighbouring African country 9 5 An overseas country 7 6 I have always lived here 469 9 Don't know(Do not read) 4 Q6a. The present economic conditions of this country 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very BAd 849 2 Fairly Bad 132 3 Neither good nor bad 22 4 Fairly Good 29 5 Very Good 12 9 Don't know 4 Q6b. Your present living conditions 1048 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Very BAd 711 2 Fairly Bad 211 3 Neither good nor bad 53 4 Fairly Good 60 5 Very Good 13 9 Don't know 0 Q7. Your living conditions Vs Others 7. In general, how do you rate: Your living conditions compared to those of other Zimbabweans 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 375 2 Worse 312 3 Same 192 4 Better 155 5 Much Better 13 9 Don't know 1 Q8a. Country's Economic conditions 12 months ago 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 617 2 Worse 232 3 Same 34 4 Better 128 5 Much Better 35 9 Don't know 2 Q8b. Your living conditions12 months ago 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 555 2 Worse 264 3 Same 62 4 Better 133 5 Much Better 33 9 Don't know 1 Q9a. Country's economic conditions in 12 months time 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 744 2 Worse 147 3 Same 40 4 Better 76 5 Much Better 8 9 Don't know 33 Q9b. Your living conditions in 12 months time 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 693 2 Worse 162 3 Same 66 4 Better 84 5 Much Better 11 9 Don't know 32 Q10. Most responsible for present economic conditions 10. In your opinion who is most responsible for the present economic condition of this country? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Sanctions by foreign countries and international agencies 256 2 Tony Blair and British government 30 3 Current ZANU PF government 545 4 MDC opposition 40 5 A previous government (e.g Ian Smith's gvt) 11 6 Other 77 9 Don't know 89 Q11a. Earning a wage or salary 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 21 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 168 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 67 4 No, never 792 9 Don't know 0 Q11b. Buying and selling goods as a trader 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 34 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 254 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 85 4 No, never 675 9 Don't know 0 Q11c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 14 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 201 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 43 4 No, never 790 9 Don't know 0 Q11d. Employing other people to work for you 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 4 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 69 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 25 4 No, never 950 9 Don't know 0 Q11e. Participating in a community savings group 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 7 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 94 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 49 4 No, never 898 9 Don't know 0 Q11f. Borrowing money from friends or family 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 46 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 492 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 31 4 No, never 479 9 Don't know 0 Q11g. Borrowing money from a bank 1048 1 4 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 3 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 42 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 22 4 No, never 981 9 Don't know 0 Q11h. Receiving money from fammily members working elsewhere in the country 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 35 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 389 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 28 4 No, never 595 9 Don't know 1 Q11i. Receiving money from family members working in other countries. 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes now only 17 2 Yes, both now and 6 months ago 119 3 No now, but yes 6 months ago 9 4 No, never 901 9 Don't know 2 Q12a. How Often gone without food 1048 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 194 1 Just once or twice 181 2 Several times 196 3 Many times 246 4 Always 231 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12b. How often gone without clean water 1048 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 355 1 Just once or twice 224 2 Several times 188 3 Many times 147 4 Always 134 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12c. How often gone without medicine or medical treatment 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 132 1 Just once or twice 124 2 Several times 186 3 Many times 303 4 Always 294 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 9 Q12d. How Often gone without fuel to cook your food 1048 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 485 1 Just once or twice 253 2 Several times 164 3 Many times 66 4 Always 80 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12e. How Often gone without cash income 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 66 1 Just once or twice 140 2 Several times 177 3 Many times 343 4 Always 320 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 2 Q12f. How often gone withouts school expenses for your children 1048 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 86 1 Just once or twice 96 2 Several times 145 3 Many times 206 4 Always 300 7 No children/no access 215 9 Don't know 0 Q12g. How often gone without shelter 1048 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 757 1 Just once or twice 140 2 Several times 48 3 Many times 47 4 Always 56 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12h. How often gone without transport 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 93 1 Just once or twice 88 2 Several times 172 3 Many times 310 4 Always 384 7 No children/no access 0 9 Don't know 1 Q13. Zimbabwe relations with Britain, South Africa and China 13. In the relations that Zimbabwe has with other countries, should the government put most effort into building friendships with Britain, South Africa or China? Or haven’t you heard enough about these other countries to have an opinion? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Britain 251 2 South Africa 181 3 China 82 4 Britain and South Africa 139 5 Britain and China 17 6 China and South Africa 19 7 All three(Britain, South AFrica and China) 282 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know 71 Q14a. Expect to be a beneficiary of government's land redistribution 1048 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 555 2 No 493 9 Don't know 0 Q14b. Received land under government's land reform programme 1048 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 190 2 No 858 9 Don't know 0 Q15. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 344 2 Agree With A 217 3 Agree With B 209 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 218 5 Agree With Neither 42 9 Don't know 18 Q16. Government's economic policies helped most people vs hurt most 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 24 2 Agree With A 41 3 Agree With B 242 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 710 5 Agree With Neither 18 9 Don't know 13 Q17a. Present vs. past: Availability of consumer goods 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 831 2 Worse 171 3 Same 19 4 Better 26 5 Much Better 0 9 Don't know 1 Q17b. Present vs. past: Availability of job opportunities 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 891 2 Worse 132 3 Same 13 4 Better 4 5 Much Better 0 9 Don't know 8 Q17c. Present vs. past: Gap between the rich and the poor 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much Worse 873 2 Worse 111 3 Same 57 4 Better 6 5 Much Better 0 9 Don't know 1 Q18a. Radio news 1048 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 283 1 Less than once a month 74 2 A few times a month 74 3 A few times a week 199 4 Every day 418 9 Don't know 0 Q18b. Television news 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 529 1 Less than once a month 73 2 A few times a month 58 3 A few times a week 104 4 Every day 280 9 Don't know 4 Q18c. Newspaper news 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 550 1 Less than once a month 152 2 A few times a month 128 3 A few times a week 138 4 Every day 75 9 Don't know 5 Q19. Interest in public affairs 19. How interested would you say you are in public affairs? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all interested 154 1 Not very interested 298 2 Somewhat interested 361 3 Very interested 233 9 Don't know 2 Q20. Discuss politics with friends and family 20. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters: 1048 -1 9 -1 Missing 2 0 Never 291 1 Occasionally 542 2 Frequentlt 212 9 Don't know 1 Q21a. Politics and government too complicated 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Agree 433 2 Agree 331 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 79 4 Disagree 98 5 Strongly Disagree 52 9 Don't know 55 Q21b. Others dont listen to you 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Agree 261 2 Agree 303 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 119 4 Disagree 206 5 Strongly Disagree 91 9 Don't know 68 Q22. Women leaders vs. men only as leaders 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 450 2 Agree With A 252 3 Agree With B 100 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 215 5 Agree With Neither 28 9 Don't know 3 Q23. Government bans organizations vs. join any 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 64 2 Agree With A 77 3 Agree With B 250 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 636 5 Agree With Neither 13 9 Don't know 8 Q24. Government close newspapers vs. free to publish 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 107 2 Agree With A 97 3 Agree With B 256 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 558 5 Agree With Neither 17 9 Don't know 13 Q25. Govt. suppress expression vs. people speak minds 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 53 2 Agree With A 64 3 Agree With B 318 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 596 5 Agree With Neither 13 9 Don't know 4 Q26a. Member of a religious group 1048 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a member 227 1 Inactive Member 195 2 Active Member 550 3 Official leader 76 9 Don't know 0 Q26b. Member of trade union or farmers association 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a member 894 1 Inactive Member 63 2 Active Member 80 3 Official leader 5 9 Don't know 6 Q26c. Member of professional or business association 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a member 1001 1 Inactive Member 13 2 Active Member 28 3 Official leader 0 9 Don't know 6 Q26d. Member of community development or self-help association 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a member 949 1 Inactive Member 30 2 Active Member 57 3 Official leader 7 9 Don't know 5 Q27. Status of Registration to Vote 27. Understanding that some Zimbabweans were not able to register as voters for the 2005 Parliamentary elections, which statement is true for you? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 You were registered to vote 859 2 You did not want to register 53 3 You could not find a place to register 4 4 You were prevented from registering 3 5 You were too young to register 23 6 Did not register for some other reason 105 9 Don't know/Can't remember 1 Q28. Voted last Parliamentary elections 28. With regard to the most recent, 2005 Parliamentary elections, which statement is true for you? 1048 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 You voted in the election 779 2 You decided not to vote 18 3 You could not find the polling station 0 4 You were prevented from voting 3 5 You did not have time to vote 6 6 Did not vote for some other reason 54 7 You were not registered 188 9 Don't Know/can't remember 0 Q29a. Attend a community meeting 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Would never do this 128 1 Would if had the chance 218 2 Once or twice 227 3 Several times 296 4 Often 175 9 Don't Know 4 Q29b. Join others to raise an issue 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Would never do this 190 1 Would if had the chance 270 2 Once or twice 254 3 Several times 250 4 Often 83 9 Don't Know 1 Q29c. Attend a demonstration or protest march 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Would never do this 685 1 Would if had the chance 272 2 Once or twice 54 3 Several times 21 4 Often 10 9 Don't Know 6 Q29d. Take part in a stay away 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Would never do this 687 1 Would if had the chance 264 2 Once or twice 59 3 Several times 15 4 Often 16 9 Don't Know 7 Q30 Understand democracy If response to Q29 was2-6 = not registered, circle Code 7. If response to Q29 was that they were registered to vote (code 1) or “don’t know / Can’t remember (code 9) , ask 30. What if anything does democracy mean to you? 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Understood "democracy" in English 384 2 Required local language translation 279 3 Did not understand the word or question even local language 385 Q31a. Meaning of democracy - 1st verbatim response 31A. What if anything does democracy mean to you? 1st verbatim response 1048 Q31pt1. First meaning of democracy 31A. What if anything does democracy mean to you? Code. 1048 1 999 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing/ democracy has no meaning 0 1 Civil liberties/ personal freedoms 199 2 Government by, for, of the people 41 3 Voting/elections/ multiparty competition 47 4 Peace/ unity/ power sharing 63 5 Social/ economic development 43 6 Equality/ justice 62 7 Majority rule 79 8 Governance/ accountability/ rule of law 29 9 National independence/ self-determination 30 10 Mutual respect 11 11 Working together 16 12 Other positive meanings 16 14 Conflict/ confusion 3 15 Corruption/ abuse of power 1 16 Social/ economic hardship 0 17 Other negative meanings 1 19 Civilian politics/ government 2 20 Change of government/ leadership/ laws 5 21 Other neutral/ null meanings 5 990 Supervisor could not code 0 996 No further reply 0 999 Don't know 395 Q31b. Meaning of democracy - 2nd verbatim response 31B. What if anything does democracy mean to you? 2nd verbatim response 1048 Q31pt2. Second meaning of democracy 31B. What if anything does democracy mean to you? Code. 1048 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing/ democracy has no meaning 0 1 Civil liberties/ personal freedoms 86 2 Government by, for, of the people 23 3 Voting/elections/ multiparty competition 37 4 Peace/ unity/ power sharing 59 5 Social/ economic development 41 6 Equality/ justice 61 7 Majority rule 31 8 Governance/ accountability/ rule of law 26 9 National independence/ self-determination 16 10 Mutual respect 10 11 Working together 16 12 Other positive meanings 14 14 Conflict/ confusion 3 15 Corruption/ abuse of power 1 16 Social/ economic hardship 1 17 Other negative meanings 3 19 Civilian politics/ government 0 20 Change of government/ leadership/ laws 4 21 Other neutral/ null meanings 5 990 Supervisor could not code 0 996 No further reply 611 999 Don't know 0 Q31c. Meaning of democracy - 3rd verbatim response 31C. What if anything does democracy mean to you? 3rd verbatim response 1048 Q31pt3. Third meaning of democracy 31C. What if anything does democracy mean to you? Code. 1048 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing/ democracy has no meaning 0 1 Civil liberties/ personal freedoms 51 2 Government by, for, of the people 14 3 Voting/elections/ multiparty competition 23 4 Peace/ unity/ power sharing 27 5 Social/ economic development 25 6 Equality/ justice 41 7 Majority rule 26 8 Governance/ accountability/ rule of law 12 9 National independence/ self-determination 8 10 Mutual respect 7 11 Working together 15 12 Other positive meanings 15 14 Conflict/ confusion 0 15 Corruption/ abuse of power 0 16 Social/ economic hardship 1 17 Other negative meanings 0 19 Civilian politics/ government 0 20 Change of government/ leadership/ laws 3 21 Other neutral/ null meanings 4 990 Supervisor could not code 0 996 No further reply 776 999 Don't know 0 Q32a. Reject one-party rule 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 657 2 Disapprove 270 3 Neither Approve nor disapprove 33 4 Approve 64 5 Strongly Approve 18 9 Don't know 6 Q32b. Reject military rule 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 613 2 Disapprove 268 3 Neither Approve nor disapprove 55 4 Approve 81 5 Strongly Approve 12 9 Don't know 19 Q32c. Reject one-man rule 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 690 2 Disapprove 254 3 Neither Approve nor disapprove 48 4 Approve 28 5 Strongly Approve 10 9 Don't know 18 Q33. Support for democracy 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 STATEMENT C: Doesn't matter. 44 2 STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democratic preferable 24 3 STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable. 694 9 Don't know 286 Q34. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 463 2 Agree with A 318 3 Agree with B 55 4 Agree very strongly with B 208 5 Agree with neither 3 9 Don't know 1 Q35. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 120 2 Agree with A 117 3 Agree with B 289 4 Agree very strongly with B 503 5 Agree with neither 13 9 Don't know 6 Q36. Parliament makes laws vs. president does 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 443 2 Agree with A 363 3 Agree with B 50 4 Agree very strongly with B 82 5 Agree with neither 87 9 Don't know 23 Q37. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 78 2 Agree with A 79 3 Agree with B 283 4 Agree very strongly with B 577 5 Agree with neither 19 9 Don't know 12 Q38. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 125 2 Agree with A 196 3 Agree with B 173 4 Agree very strongly with B 507 5 Agree with neither 27 9 Don't know 20 Q39a. Constitution expresses values and hopes 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 279 2 Disagree 206 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 71 4 Agree 257 5 Strongly Agree 55 9 Don't know 180 Q39b. Courts make binding decisions 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 115 2 Disagree 167 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 57 4 Agree 492 5 Strongly Agree 167 9 Don't know 50 Q39c. People must obey the law 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 87 2 Disagree 100 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 49 4 Agree 587 5 Strongly Agree 204 9 Don't know 21 Q39d. People must pay taxes 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 136 2 Disagree 90 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 71 4 Agree 512 5 Strongly Agree 156 9 Don't know 83 Q40. Elections free and fair 40. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national or parliamentary election, held in 2005. Was it: 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Completely free and fair 203 2 Free and fair, but with minor problems 170 3 Free and fair, with major problems 200 4 Not free and fair 409 8 Do not understand questions 10 9 Don't know 56 Q41. Extent of democracy 41. In your opinion how much of a democracy is Zimbabwe today? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 370 2 A democracy with major problems 223 3 A democracy but with minor problems 109 4 A full democracy 39 8 Do not understand question or democracy 227 9 Don't know 80 Q42. Satisfaction with democracy 42. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Zimbabwe? Are you: 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Zimbabwe is not a democracy 85 1 Not at all satisfied 300 2 Not very satisfied 234 3 Fairly satisfied 118 4 Very satisfied 29 9 Don't know 282 Q43. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 484 2 Agree with A 393 3 Agree with B 55 4 Agree very strongly with B 100 5 Agree with neither 12 9 Don't know 4 Q44. Lawful vs. immediate solutions to problems 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 390 2 Agree with A 302 3 Agree with B 129 4 Agree very strongly with B 213 5 Agree with neither 13 9 Don't know 1 Q45. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 463 2 Agree with A 315 3 Agree with B 99 4 Agree very strongly with B 151 5 Agree with neither 15 9 Don't know 5 Q46. Ruling Party negotiation with Opposition Vs elections 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 governing party elected no reason for negotiations 121 2 734 3 MDC shld pressure gvt to hold new elections 170 9 Don't know 23 Q47a. Careful about what you say 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 40 1 Rarely 80 2 Often 240 3 Always 677 9 Don't know 11 Q47b. Party competition leads to conflict 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 39 1 Rarely 132 2 Often 438 3 Always 428 9 Don't know 11 Q47c. President ignores the Constitution 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 172 1 Rarely 153 2 Often 268 3 Always 233 9 Don't know 222 Q47d. People are treated unequally 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 177 1 Rarely 169 2 Often 342 3 Always 312 9 Don't know 48 Q48a.You or family member forced to vote 48A. Please tell me if you agree/disagree to each one of the following statements. During the campaign for the 2005 March parliamentary election were you or any immediate member of your family forced to vote for a candidate not of your choice? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 228 2 No 815 9 Don't know 5 Q48b. Denied access to goods 48B. Please tell me if you agree/disagree to each one of the following statements. During the past year, has anyone denied you access to goods and services, for example food aid, to which you were entitled? 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 279 2 No 760 9 Don't know 9 Q49a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 535 2 Worse 252 3 Same 139 4 Better 103 5 Much better 15 9 Don't know 4 Q49b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 427 2 Worse 248 3 Same 168 4 Better 157 5 Much better 39 9 Don't know 9 Q49c. Present vs. past: fear of unjust arrest 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 331 2 Worse 252 3 Same 241 4 Better 169 5 Much better 39 9 Don't know 16 Q49d. Present vs. past: voting freedom 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 376 2 Worse 248 3 Same 183 4 Better 178 5 Much better 56 9 Don't know 7 Q49e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 424 2 Worse 257 3 Same 208 4 Better 97 5 Much better 16 9 Don't know 46 Q49f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 302 2 Worse 292 3 Same 214 4 Better 189 5 Much better 41 9 Don't know 10 Q49g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 345 2 Worse 340 3 Same 192 4 Better 123 5 Much better 26 9 Don't know 22 Q49h. Present vs. past: respect for private property 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 339 2 Worse 268 3 Same 229 4 Better 151 5 Much better 33 9 Don't know 28 Q50a. Trust the President 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 361 1 Just a little 335 2 Somewhat 147 3 A lot 180 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 25 Q50b. Trust Parliament 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 244 1 Just a little 402 2 Somewhat 237 3 A lot 128 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 37 Q50c. Trust the Electoral Commission 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 369 1 Just a little 324 2 Somewhat 192 3 A lot 115 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 48 Q50d. Trust your local council 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 313 1 Just a little 372 2 Somewhat 228 3 A lot 113 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 22 Q50e. Trust the ruling party 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 414 1 Just a little 289 2 Somewhat 198 3 A lot 130 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 17 Q50f. Trust opposition political parties 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 205 1 Just a little 321 2 Somewhat 330 3 A lot 159 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 33 Q50g. Trust the military 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 185 1 Just a little 329 2 Somewhat 292 3 A lot 225 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 17 Q50h. Trust the police 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 270 1 Just a little 360 2 Somewhat 251 3 A lot 160 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 7 Q50i. Trust courts of law 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 132 1 Just a little 314 2 Somewhat 326 3 A lot 230 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 46 Q50j, Trust government broadcasting service 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 275 1 Just a little 304 2 Somewhat 216 3 A lot 124 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 129 Q50k. Trust independent broadcasting services 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 95 1 Just a little 246 2 Somewhat 271 3 A lot 154 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 282 Q50l. Trust government newspapers 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 258 1 Just a little 308 2 Somewhat 183 3 A lot 109 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 190 Q50m. Trust independent newspapers 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 98 1 Just a little 226 2 Somewhat 246 3 A lot 207 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 271 Q51a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 111 1 Some of them 416 2 Most of them 286 3 All of them 156 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 79 Q51b. Corruption: Members of Parliament 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 74 1 Some of them 502 2 Most of them 329 3 All of them 85 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 58 Q51c. Corruption: local government councilors 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 71 1 Some of them 423 2 Most of them 387 3 All of them 124 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 43 Q51d. Corruption: national government officials 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 71 1 Some of them 421 2 Most of them 383 3 All of them 130 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 43 Q51e. Corruption: local government officials 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 75 1 Some of them 424 2 Most of them 383 3 All of them 127 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 39 Q51f. Corruption: police 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 50 1 Some of them 329 2 Most of them 406 3 All of them 243 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 20 Q51g. Corruption: tax officials 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 80 1 Some of them 353 2 Most of them 295 3 All of them 171 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 149 Q51h. Corruption: judges and magistrates 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 214 1 Some of them 454 2 Most of them 203 3 All of them 56 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 121 Q51i. Corruption: health workers 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 343 1 Some of them 475 2 Most of them 145 3 All of them 30 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 55 Q51j. Corruption: teachers and school administrators 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 403 1 Some of them 466 2 Most of them 103 3 All of them 26 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 50 Q52a. Pay bribe for: document or permit 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 688 1 Once or Twice 100 2 A Few Times 38 3 Often 37 7 No experience with this in past year 180 9 Don't Know 5 Q52b. Pay bribe for: school placement 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 750 1 Once or Twice 41 2 A Few Times 15 3 Often 10 7 No experience with this in past year 226 9 Don't Know 6 Q52c. Pay bribe for: household service 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 812 1 Once or Twice 50 2 A Few Times 14 3 Often 9 7 No experience with this in past year 156 9 Don't Know 7 Q52d. Pay bribe for: get medicine or medical attention 1048 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 856 1 Once or Twice 73 2 A Few Times 34 3 Often 28 7 No experience with this in past year 57 9 Don't Know 0 Q52e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police 1048 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 735 1 Once or Twice 118 2 A Few Times 55 3 Often 53 7 No experience with this in past year 87 9 Don't Know 0 Q52f. Election incentives offered 52F. And during the 2005 election, how often (if ever) did a candidate or someone from a political party offer you something, like food or a gift, in return for your vote? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 807 1 Once or Twice 74 2 A Few Times 40 3 Often 60 7 No experience with this in past year 62 9 Don't Know 5 Q53a. Right or wrong: job for relative 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not wrong at all 4 2 Wrong but understandable 79 3 Wrong and punishable 963 9 Don't know 2 Q53b. Right or wrong: favor for service 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not wrong at all 6 2 Wrong but understandable 40 3 Wrong and punishable 997 9 Don't know 5 Q53c. Right or wrong: development for supporters 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not wrong at all 50 2 Wrong but understandable 196 3 Wrong and punishable 798 9 Don't know 4 Q54. Time Member of Parliament should spend 54. How much time should your Member of Parliament spend in this constituency to visit the community and its citizens? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never/it is not necessary 24 1 At least once a year 65 2 At least once a month 490 3 At least weekly 178 4 Should stay here all the time 248 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 43 Q55. Time Member of Parliament does spend 55. How much time does your Member of Parliament spend in this constituency? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never/it is not necessary 420 1 At least once a year 260 2 At least once a month 180 3 At least weekly 29 4 She/He is here almost all the time 7 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 152 Q56a. MPs listen 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 364 1 Only sometimes 439 2 Often 100 3 Always 125 9 Don't know 20 Q56b. Local government councilors listen 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 375 1 Only sometimes 382 2 Often 129 3 Always 153 9 Don't know 9 Q57pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 1048 1 999 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/No problems 0 1 Management of economy 301 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 36 3 Unemployment 146 4 Poverty/ destitution 48 5 Rates and taxes 9 6 Loans/ credit 1 7 Farming/ agriculture 17 8 Food shortage/ famine 318 9 Drought 23 10 Land 2 11 Transportation 72 12 Communications 0 13 Infrastructure/ roads 1 14 Education 0 15 Housing 5 16 Electricity 1 17 Water supply 10 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 1 19 Services (other) 0 20 Health 12 21 AIDS 8 22 Sickness/ disease 2 23 Crime and security 0 24 Corruption 8 25 Political violence 0 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 7 27 Discrimination/ inequality 1 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 0 29 Democracy/ political rights 18 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 995 0 996 No further reply 0 998 998.000000 0 999 Don't know 1 Q57pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 1048 1 996 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/No problems 0 1 Management of economy 86 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 44 3 Unemployment 126 4 Poverty/ destitution 57 5 Rates and taxes 17 6 Loans/ credit 1 7 Farming/ agriculture 21 8 Food shortage/ famine 285 9 Drought 39 10 Land 7 11 Transportation 155 12 Communications 5 13 Infrastructure/ roads 10 14 Education 35 15 Housing 19 16 Electricity 4 17 Water supply 21 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 3 19 Services (other) 0 20 Health 22 21 AIDS 20 22 Sickness/ disease 8 23 Crime and security 3 24 Corruption 16 25 Political violence 2 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 7 27 Discrimination/ inequality 4 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 0 29 Democracy/ political rights 11 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 995 0 996 No further reply 20 998 998.000000 0 999 Don't know 0 Q57pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 1048 1 996 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/No problems 0 1 Management of economy 85 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 22 3 Unemployment 95 4 Poverty/ destitution 65 5 Rates and taxes 10 6 Loans/ credit 2 7 Farming/ agriculture 20 8 Food shortage/ famine 118 9 Drought 35 10 Land 8 11 Transportation 174 12 Communications 3 13 Infrastructure/ roads 8 14 Education 42 15 Housing 30 16 Electricity 4 17 Water supply 32 18 Orphans/ street children/ homeless 13 19 Services (other) 2 20 Health 67 21 AIDS 54 22 Sickness/ disease 31 23 Crime and security 5 24 Corruption 37 25 Political violence 5 26 Political instability/ ethnic tensions 12 27 Discrimination/ inequality 5 28 Gender issues/ women's rights 1 29 Democracy/ political rights 6 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 995 Other 1 996 No further reply 56 998 998.000000 0 999 Don't know 0 Q58. Government solves MIP 58. Taking the Problem you mentioned first, how likely is it that the government will solve your most important problem within the next few years? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 387 1 Not very likely 383 2 Likely 229 3 Very likely 22 7 Not applicable 1 9 Don't know 26 Q59a. Handling managing the economy 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 791 2 Fairly Badly 181 3 Fairly Well 66 4 Very Well 2 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 8 Q59b. Handling creating jobs 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 817 2 Fairly Badly 188 3 Fairly Well 34 4 Very Well 1 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 8 Q59c. Handling keeping prices stable 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 837 2 Fairly Badly 175 3 Fairly Well 34 4 Very Well 1 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 1 Q59d. Handling narrowing income gaps 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 760 2 Fairly Badly 236 3 Fairly Well 42 4 Very Well 1 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 9 Q59e. Handling reducing crime 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 441 2 Fairly Badly 290 3 Fairly Well 265 4 Very Well 45 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 7 Q59f. Handling improving basic health services 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 387 2 Fairly Badly 314 3 Fairly Well 288 4 Very Well 52 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 7 Q59g. Handling addressing educational needs 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 309 2 Fairly Badly 253 3 Fairly Well 392 4 Very Well 82 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 12 Q59h. Handling delivering household water 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 420 2 Fairly Badly 249 3 Fairly Well 277 4 Very Well 49 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 53 Q59i. Handling ensuring enough to eat 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 740 2 Fairly Badly 197 3 Fairly Well 91 4 Very Well 13 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 7 Q59j. Handling ensuring everyone has enough land 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 455 2 Fairly Badly 268 3 Fairly Well 236 4 Very Well 66 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 23 Q59k. Handling fighting corruption in Govt 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 627 2 Fairly Badly 215 3 Fairly Well 141 4 Very Well 36 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 29 Q59l. Handling combatting HIV/AIDS 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 407 2 Fairly Badly 219 3 Fairly Well 351 4 Very Well 62 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 9 Q59m. Handling providing housing 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 517 2 Fairly Badly 256 3 Fairly Well 185 4 Very Well 47 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 43 Q60. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 178 2 Agree with A 135 3 Agree with B 193 4 Agree very strongly with B 471 5 Agree with neither 68 9 Don't know 3 Q61a. Local govt. handling maintaining roads 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 633 2 Fairly Badly 184 3 Fairly Well 208 4 Very Well 19 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 4 Q61b. Local govt. handling keeping community clean 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 497 2 Fairly Badly 210 3 Fairly Well 284 4 Very Well 35 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 22 Q61c. Local govt. handling collecting local taxes 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 218 2 Fairly Badly 215 3 Fairly Well 268 4 Very Well 223 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 124 Q61d. Local govt. handling spending decisions 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 490 2 Fairly Badly 231 3 Fairly Well 129 4 Very Well 22 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 176 Q62a. Performance: local government councilor 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 400 2 Disapprove 305 3 Approve 249 4 Strongly Approve 38 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 56 Q62b. Performance: MP 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 378 2 Disapprove 324 3 Approve 267 4 Strongly Approve 30 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 49 Q62c. Performance: President 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 457 2 Disapprove 269 3 Approve 228 4 Strongly Approve 53 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 41 Q63a. Enforce law: top official commits serious crime 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all likely 507 2 Not very likely 260 3 Likely 161 4 Very likely 104 9 Don't know 16 Q63b. Enforce law: you commit serious crime 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all likely 6 2 Not very likely 23 3 Likely 312 4 Very likely 703 9 Don't know 4 Q63c. Enforce law: top official doesn't pay tax 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all likely 434 2 Not very likely 328 3 Likely 169 4 Very likely 92 9 Don't know 25 Q63d. Enforce law: you don't pay tax 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all likely 6 2 Not very likely 41 3 Likely 294 4 Very likely 693 9 Don't know 14 Q64a. Difficulty to obtain identity document 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Difficult 465 2 Difficult 264 3 Easy 237 4 Very Easy 53 7 Never Try 19 9 Don't know 10 Q64b. Difficulty to obtain household services 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Difficult 254 2 Difficult 270 3 Easy 251 4 Very Easy 37 7 Never Try 139 9 Don't know 97 Q64c. Difficulty to obtain help from the police 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Difficult 236 2 Difficult 319 3 Easy 374 4 Very Easy 64 7 Never Try 44 9 Don't know 11 Q64d. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Difficult 86 2 Difficult 81 3 Easy 512 4 Very Easy 166 7 Never Try 136 9 Don't know 67 Q64e. Difficulty to obtain medical treatment 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Difficult 343 2 Difficult 257 3 Easy 344 4 Very Easy 76 7 Never Try 20 9 Don't know 8 Q65a. Why not try to get: identity document 1048 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't need/use it 6 2 Don't know how 2 3 Govt. does not provide 1 4 No personal connections 1 5 Other 9 7 Not applicable 1029 9 Don't know 0 Q65b. Why not try to get: household services 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't need/use it 93 2 Don't know how 8 3 Govt. does not provide 13 4 No personal connections 5 5 Other 19 7 Not applicable 909 9 Don't know 1 Q65c. Why not try to get: help from police 1048 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't need/use it 36 2 Don't know how 1 3 Govt. does not provide 0 4 No personal connections 0 5 Other 7 7 Not applicable 1004 9 Don't know 0 Q66a. Problems with schools: too expensive 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 79 1 Once or twice 129 2 A few times 125 3 Often 457 7 No experience 256 9 Don't know 2 Q66b. Problems with schools: textbooks and supplies 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 37 1 Once or twice 93 2 A few times 190 3 Often 470 7 No experience 255 9 Don't know 3 Q66c. Problems with schools: poor teaching 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 270 1 Once or twice 192 2 A few times 175 3 Often 118 7 No experience 254 9 Don't know 39 Q66d. Problems with schools: absent teachers 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 240 1 Once or twice 222 2 A few times 174 3 Often 125 7 No experience 254 9 Don't know 33 Q66e. Problems with schools: overcrowded classrooms 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 336 1 Once or twice 131 2 A few times 164 3 Often 143 7 No experience 254 9 Don't know 20 Q66f. Problems with schools: poor facilities 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 334 1 Once or twice 165 2 A few times 136 3 Often 142 7 No experience 254 9 Don't know 17 Q66g. Problems with schools: illegal payments 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 632 1 Once or twice 64 2 A few times 40 3 Often 46 7 No experience 255 9 Don't know 11 Q67a. Problems with public clinic: too expensive 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 139 1 Once or twice 154 2 A few times 173 3 Often 521 4 0 7 No experience 58 9 Don't know 3 998 998.000000 0 Q67b. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 57 1 Once or twice 103 2 A few times 169 3 Often 656 4 0 7 No experience 60 9 Don't know 3 998 998.000000 0 Q67c. Problems with public clinic: lack of attention/ respect 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 247 1 Once or twice 278 2 A few times 224 3 Often 236 4 0 7 No experience 59 9 Don't know 4 998 998.000000 0 Q67d. Problems with public clinic: absent doctors 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 124 1 Once or twice 131 2 A few times 236 3 Often 488 4 0 7 No experience 59 9 Don't know 10 998 998.000000 0 Q67e. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 108 1 Once or twice 216 2 A few times 288 3 Often 373 4 0 7 No experience 59 9 Don't know 4 998 998.000000 0 Q67f. Problems with public clinic: dirty facilities 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 575 1 Once or twice 244 2 A few times 83 3 Often 81 4 0 7 No experience 60 9 Don't know 5 998 998.000000 0 Q67g. Problems with public clinic: illegal payments 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 808 1 Once or twice 77 2 A few times 41 3 Often 54 4 0 7 No experience 61 9 Don't know 7 998 998.000000 0 Q68a. What do: waiting for permit 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 57 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 564 3 Use connections with influential 77 4 Offer tip or bribe 196 5 Join in public protest 12 6 Other 17 7 Nothing can be done 117 9 Don't know 8 998 0 Q68b. What do: name missing 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 26 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 599 3 Use connections with influential 38 4 Offer tip or bribe 10 5 Join in public protest 5 6 Other 31 7 Nothing can be done 333 9 Don't know 6 998 0 Q68c. What do: suspect school official 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 14 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 866 3 Use connections with influential 33 4 Offer tip or bribe 9 5 Join in public protest 25 6 Other 22 7 Nothing can be done 77 9 Don't know 2 998 0 Q68d. What do: wrongful arrest 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 12 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 784 3 Use connections with influential 73 4 Offer tip or bribe 102 5 Join in public protest 4 6 Other 11 7 Nothing can be done 58 9 Don't know 4 998 0 Q68e. What do: land seized 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Don't worry, things will resolve 2 2 Lodge complaint through proper channels 892 3 Use connections with influential 72 4 Offer tip or bribe 25 5 Join in public protest 3 6 Other 13 7 Nothing can be done 39 9 Don't know 2 998 0 Q69a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 69A, Who should be responsible for making sure that, once elected, members of Parliament do their jobs? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President/ executive 336 1 The Parliament/local council 82 2 Their political party 64 3 The voters 549 9 Don't know 17 998 0 Q69b. Who responsible: Local councilors do jobs 69B. Who should be responsible for making sure that, once elected, local government councillors do their jobs? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President/ executive 252 1 The Parliament/local council 142 2 Their political party 65 3 The voters 572 9 Don't know 17 998 0 Q70a. Elections ensure parliament reflects voters 70A, Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections ensure that the members of Parliament reflect the views of voters? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all well 316 1 Not very well 381 2 Well 244 3 Very well 82 9 Don't know 25 Q70b. Elections enable voters to remove leaders 70B. Think about how elections work in practice in this country. How well do elections enable voters to remove from office leaders who do not do what the people want? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all well 340 1 Not very well 342 2 Well 248 3 Very well 93 9 Don't know 25 Q71a. Politicians: make promises to get elected 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 18 1 Rarely 36 2 Often 190 3 Always 800 9 Don't know 4 Q71b. Politicians: give gifts in campaigns 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 89 1 Rarely 87 2 Often 329 3 Always 536 9 Don't know 7 Q71c. Politicians: keep campaign promises 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 545 1 Rarely 414 2 Often 59 3 Always 25 9 Don't know 5 Q71d. Politicians: deliver development 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 575 1 Rarely 387 2 Often 62 3 Always 20 9 Don't know 4 Q72. Close to political party 72. Do you feel close to any particular political party? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, not close to any party 290 1 Yes, feels close to a party 678 8 Refused to answer 75 9 Don't know 5 Q73. Which party 73. Which party is that? 1048 -1 998 -1 Missing 3 440 ZANU PF 211 441 MDC 349 442 ZANU NDONGA 1 443 ZUD 0 444 ZIYA 1 445 NAGG 0 995 Other 0 997 Not applicable 370 998 Refused 113 999 Don't know 0 Q74. How close to this political party 74. Do you feel very close to this party, somewhat close, or not very close? 1048 -1 7 -1 Missing 41 1 Not very close 97 2 Somewhat close 231 3 Very close 309 7 Not applicable 370 9 Don't know 0 Q75a. Destruction of home/dwelling on your property 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 520 2 No 526 9 Don't know 2 Q75b. Evicted from place of residence 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 386 2 No 659 9 Don't know 3 Q75c. Destruction or closure of business 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 323 2 No 722 9 Don't know 3 Q75d. Arrested for engaging in illegal trade 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 189 2 No 856 9 Don't know 3 Q75e. Loss of job 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 263 2 No 780 9 Don't know 5 Q76a. Moved in with relatives 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 421 2 No 134 7 Not applicable 489 9 Don't know 4 Q76b. Relocated to a rural area 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 370 2 No 175 7 Not applicable 500 9 Don't know 3 Q76c. Taken to transit camp 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 81 2 No 435 7 Not applicable 526 9 Don't know 6 Q76d. Stay in the open 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 213 2 No 290 7 Not applicable 543 9 Don't know 2 Q76e. Now operates business from home 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Yes 203 2 No 297 7 Not applicable 544 9 Don't know 4 Q77. Government's Operation Murambatsvina good/bad 1048 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly With A 99 2 Agree With A 129 3 Agree With B 127 4 Agree Very Strongly With B 601 5 Agree with neither [Do not read] 41 9 Don't know 51 Q78. Education of respondent 78. What is the highest level of education you have completed? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No formal schooling 73 1 Informal schooling only 6 2 Some primary schooling 194 3 Primary school completed 109 4 Some secondary school/high school 259 5 Secondary school completed/high school 294 6 Post-secondary qualifications, not university 76 7 Some university 11 8 University completed 22 9 Post-graduate 4 99 Don't know 0 Q79. Religion of respondent 79. What is your religion, if any? 1048 0 999 -1 Missing 0 0 None 105 2 Catholic 178 3 Protestant (Mainstream) 69 4 Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal) 89 5 African Independent Church 92 6 Traditional religion 51 7 Hindu 1 8 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 11 9 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 2 10 Christian (general) 377 11 Muslim, Sunni 6 12 Muslim, Shiite 1 13 Jehovah's Witness 15 14 Seventh Day Adventist 50 995 Other 0 999 Don't know 1 Q80. How often attend religious services 80. Excluding weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services? 1048 1 6 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 156 2 About once a year or less 73 3 About once every several months 62 4 About once a month 138 5 About once a week 441 6 More than once a week 178 9 Don't know 0 Q81a. Own book 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 338 1 Yes, do own 710 9 Don't know 0 Q81b. Own radio 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 446 1 Yes, do own 602 9 Don't know 0 Q81c. Own television 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 693 1 Yes, do own 355 9 Don't know 0 Q81d. Own bicycle 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 829 1 Yes, do own 219 9 Don't know 0 Q81e. Own motorcycle 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 1027 1 Yes, do own 21 9 Don't know 0 Q81f. Own motor vehicle or car 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don't own 982 1 Yes, do own 66 9 Don't know 0 Q82. Employment status 82. Do you have a job that pays cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? And are you presently looking for a job (even if you are presently working)? 1048 0 5 -1 Missing 0 0 No (not looking) 500 1 No (looking) 318 2 Yes, part time (not looking) 23 3 Yes, part time (looking) 57 4 Yes, full time (not looking) 90 5 Yes, full time (looking) 60 9 Don't know 0 Q83. Main occupation 83. What is your main occupation? (If unemployed, retired, or disabled, what was your last main occupation?) 1048 0 999 -1 Missing 0 0 Never had a job 181 1 Subsistence farmer (own consumption only) 160 2 Peasant farmer (own consumption and sale) 74 3 Commercial farmer (mainly for sale) 5 4 Farm worker 75 5 Fisherman 1 6 Trader/Hawker/Vendor 99 7 Miner 6 8 Domestic worker/ maid 21 9 Police/ Security/ Military 15 10 Artisan/skilled, formal sector 32 11 Artisan/skilled, informal sector 33 12 Clerical Worker 23 13 Unskilled manual, formal sector 33 14 Unskilled manual, informal sector 44 15 Businessperson (works for others) 7 16 Businessperson (own business, less than 10) 11 17 Businessperson (own business, 10 or more) 1 18 Professional worker 46 19 Supervisor/ Foreman 5 20 Teacher 22 21 Government worker 10 22 Retail worker 12 23 Student 44 24 Housewife/ work in household 83 995 Other 4 999 Don't know 1 Q84a. Physical health 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 386 1 Just once or twice 358 2 Many times 224 3 Always 79 9 Don't Know 1 Q84b. Mental health 1048 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 317 1 Just once or twice 308 2 Many times 255 3 Always 168 9 Don't Know 0 Q85. Know died of AIDS 85. Do you know a close friend or relative who has died of AIDS? 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 195 1 Yes 823 8 Refused 12 9 Don't know 18 Q86. How many died of AIDS 86. How many friends or relatives is that? 1048 0 999 0 1 1 98 2 140 3 125 4 118 5 70 6 55 7 31 8 32 9 25 10 40 11 8 12 4 13 3 14 2 15 6 16 1 17 1 19 1 20 9 24 1 25 1 40 1 45 1 997 Not applicable 225 998 Refused 11 999 Don't know 38 Q87. Vote for which party 87. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? 1048 440 999 -1 Missing 0 440 ZANU PF 225 441 MDC 407 442 ZANU NDONGA 2 443 ZUD 0 444 ZIYA 1 445 NAGG 0 995 Other 4 997 Would not vote 82 998 Refused 305 999 Don't know 22 Q88. Perceived survey sponsor 88. Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 1048 0 999 -1 Missing 0 0 No one 9 1 Government (general) 216 2 National/ federal government 0 3 Provincial/ regional government 0 4 Local government 5 5 President/PM's office 14 6 Parliament/ National assembly 2 7 Government census/ statistics office 1 8 National Intelligence/ Secret Service 6 9 Education or Social Affairs Dept./Ministry 9 10 Tax or Finance Dept./Ministry 0 11 Health Dept./Ministry 3 12 Other government dept./ministry 10 13 Constitutional Commission 0 14 Electoral Commission 4 15 National Planning Commission 0 16 Public Utility Company 1 17 NGO 220 18 Political party/ politicians 95 19 Research company/org. (AB natl. partner) 128 20 Newspapers/ Media 8 21 University/ School/ College 127 22 Private company 3 23 International Organization 12 24 God or a religious organization 2 995 Other 2 998 Refused 4 999 Don't know 167 Time interview ended Time interview ended 1048 Length of interview Length of interview 1048 30 131 -1 0 30 1 31 1 34 1 35 11 36 3 37 7 38 12 39 4 40 34 41 12 42 15 43 21 44 31 45 90 46 19 47 46 48 55 49 34 50 117 51 36 52 24 53 30 54 36 55 94 56 32 57 18 58 26 59 13 60 44 61 16 62 17 63 11 64 10 65 41 66 6 67 6 68 8 69 7 70 13 71 7 72 2 73 1 74 1 75 8 76 2 77 2 79 2 80 6 81 4 82 1 83 1 85 2 87 2 95 1 109 1 111 1 113 1 131 1 Q89. Gender of respondent 89. Respondent’s gender 1048 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Male 519 2 Female 529 Q90. Race of respondent. 90. Respondent’s race 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Black/African 1044 2 White/European 2 3 Coloured/Mixed Race 2 4 Arab/Lebanese/North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 0 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 0 95 Other 0 Q91. Language of interview 91. Which languages was the interview conducted in? 1048 1 995 -1 Missing 0 1 English 99 2 French 0 3 Portuguese 0 440 Ndebele 182 441 Shona 761 442 Venda 0 443 Kalanga 0 444 Tonga 0 995 Other 6 Q92. Others present 92. Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 1048 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 No one 691 2 Spouse 77 3 Children Only 148 4 A few others 123 5 Small crowd 9 Q93a. Check with others 93A. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 981 1 Yes 67 Q93b. Influence by others 93B. Do you think that anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 992 1 Yes 56 Q93c. Approached by community/ party representatives 93C. Were you approached by community and/or political party representatives? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1040 1 Yes 8 Q93d. Feel threatened 93D. Did you feel threatened during the interview? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1025 1 Yes 23 Q93e. Physically threatened 93E. Were you physically threatened during the interview? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1036 1 Yes 12 Q94. Proportion difficulty answering 94. What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 1048 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 None 629 1 Few 376 2 Some 36 3 Most 7 4 All 0 5 0 9 9.000000 0 998 998.000000 0 Q95a. Trouble answering - first response 1048 000 934 003 1 010 2 013 1 015 2 016 1 017 1 019 1 021 21 024 1 030 30 031 22 032 1 033 1 037 1 038 4 040 2 046 1 049 1 050 5 051 1 054 1 057 1 071 1 072 2 077 1 087 7 089 1 Q95b. Trouble answering - second response 1048 000 936 010 4 011 1 021 1 022 1 030 21 031 9 032 3 033 15 034 1 035 1 036 1 038 4 039 4 040 1 041 9 042 1 046 1 047 1 049 2 050 12 051 4 052 2 053 1 060 2 061 1 068 1 071 1 072 3 075 1 077 1 084 1 087 1 Q95c. Trouble answering - third response 1048 000 943 015 1 030 4 031 4 033 1 035 2 037 1 038 6 039 6 040 1 041 10 042 8 044 1 045 1 046 4 047 1 049 1 050 14 051 5 053 1 059 1 060 1 062 1 064 1 068 4 069 3 071 1 072 6 073 6 079 1 083 1 087 5 088 1 089 1 Q96a. Respondent friendly 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Friendly 885 2 In between 157 3 Hostile 6 Q96b. Respondent interested 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Friendly 791 2 In between 249 3 Hostile 8 Q96c. Respondent cooperative 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Friendly 855 2 In between 188 3 Hostile 5 Q96d. Respondent patient 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Friendly 844 2 In between 183 3 Hostile 21 Q96e. Respondent at ease 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Friendly 768 2 In between 232 3 Hostile 48 Q96f. Respondent honest 1048 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Friendly 731 2 In between 277 3 Hostile 40 Q98. Interviewer's number 98. Interviewer’s number 1048 ZIM01 69 ZIM02 65 ZIM03 69 ZIM04 69 ZIM05 42 ZIM06 61 ZIM07 61 ZIM08 58 ZIM09 51 ZIM10 51 ZIM11 50 ZIM12 52 ZIM13 44 ZIM14 44 ZIM15 44 ZIM16 44 ZIM17 43 ZIM18 44 ZIM19 44 ZIM20 43 Q99. Interviewer's age 99. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for? 1048 20 29 20 44 21 58 22 242 23 292 24 198 25 44 26 44 27 65 29 61 Q100. Interviewer's gender 100. Interviewer’s gender 1048 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Male 578 2 Female 470 Q101. Interviewer urban or rural 101. Do you come from a rural or urban area? 1048 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Rural 120 2 Urban 928 Q102. Interviewer's home language 102. Interviewer’s home language 1048 440 441 -1 Missing 0 1 English 0 2 French 0 3 Portuguese 0 440 Ndebele 162 441 Shona 886 442 Venda 0 443 Kalanga 0 444 Tonga 0 Q103. Interviewer's education 103. Interviewer’s highest level of education 1048 6 8 -1 Missing 0 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some secondary/high scl 0 5 High school completed 0 6 Post secondary qualifications (not university ) 44 7 Some university 145 8 University completed 859 9 Post graduate 0 Q104a. Post office in the PSU/EA 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 994 1 Yes 52 9 Can't determine 2 Q104b. School in the PSU/EA 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 513 1 Yes 535 9 Can't determine 0 Q104c. Police station in the PSU/EA 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 962 1 Yes 86 9 Can't determine 0 Q104d. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 552 1 Yes 496 9 Can't determine 0 Q104e. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 613 1 Yes 435 9 Can't determine 0 Q104f. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 704 1 Yes 343 9 Can't determine 1 Q104g. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 804 1 Yes 244 9 Can't determine 0 Q104h. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 489 1 Yes 557 9 Can't determine 2 Q104i. Places of worship in the PSU/EA 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 400 1 Yes 628 9 Can't determine 20 Q104j. Community buildings in the PSU/EA 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 830 1 Yes 203 9 Can't determine 15 Q104k. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 1048 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 489 1 Yes 557 9 Can't determine 2 Q105a. Police in the PSU/EA 105A. In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any policemen or police vehicles? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 798 1 Yes 250 9 Don't know 0 Q105b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA 105B. In the PSU/EA, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any soldiers or army vehicles? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 982 1 Yes 66 9 Don't know 0 Q106. Tarred/ paved road 106. Thinking of your journey here: Was the road at the start point in the PSU/EA paved/ tarred/ concrete? 1048 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 709 1 Yes 339