GHA_1999_AFB-R1_v01_M DDI_GHA_1999_AFB-R1_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2020-08-10 Metadata Editor Version 01 (August 2020) GHA_1999_AFB-R1_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 1999 Round 1 AFB-R1 1999 The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The initial (Round 1) survey covered 7 countries. Ghana National coverage Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Ghana Centre for Democratic Development survey teams Face-to-face [f2f] In Rounds 1 through 3, the Afrobarometer did only minimal weighting of data to correct for over- or under-samples of certain populations, usually based on region or urban-rural location. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. gha_r1_data.sav 2004 199 .sav Afrobarometer round 1 survey data. Respondent Number Respondent Number Numbers 1-350 are from Ashanti Region, 351-570 from Brong-Ahafo, 601-840 from Central, 851-1090 from Eastern, 1101-1475 from Greater Accra, 1501-1640 from Northern, 1641-1705 from Upper East, 1706-1730 from Upper West, 1751-1970 from Volta, and 2001-2240 from Western. 2004 1 2240 Gender What is your gender? 2001 3 1 2 1 male 1056 2 female 945 Sysmiss 3 Age What is your age? 2002 2 18 98 Number Adults in HH How many people over 18 live in this household? 2004 1 14 1 67 2 369 3 382 4 406 5 338 6 202 7 113 8 61 9 28 10 37 14 1 Data Entry Clerk Data entry clerks entered their names or initials as they input returns. 2004 Amoah 15 barbs 172 David 340 e d 8 ed 25 emma 213 et 49 frank 460 ie 429 jen 42 nka 2 NKA 22 robert 227 Enumerator The name or initials of the enumerator who conducted the survey. 2004 1 a 6 a i 2 aa 78 AA Adotey Anum 0 AA1 Ama Asantewa 0 aaa 36 AAD Angela Anarfi Dankwaa 0 AAI Abdul Aziz Iddisah 0 aak 12 AAK Aureol Afutu Kotey 0 aar 21 AAR Abdulai Abdul Rahaman 0 ada 21 adp 1 ADY Andrew Chireh-Yilob 0 af 20 Afriyie 9 ai 28 aj 35 ak 3 akdf 10 AKDF A. Kaakyire Duku Frempong 0 Akwasi 3 Alex 4 Ama 6 aoa 25 AOA Ama Ofusua Asare 0 ap 14 app 34 ar 9 asa 3 Asamoah 8 Aureol 6 Aureul 6 ay 2 AY Adarkwa Yiadom 0 BOY B. Ofosu Yeboah 0 c c c 1 C.A.C 2 ca 63 CA Cecilia Afrakumah 0 CA1 Comfort Asamoah 0 cac 43 CAC 1 cc 4 Charles 3 cl 44 CL Cyril Laryea 0 co 33 CO Charles Obeng 0 Comfort 3 Debrah 5 e 2 e a q 1 ea 43 EA Eric Annin 3 ea--q 1 ea-q 2 eaq 38 EAQ Elizabeth Andzi-Quinoo 3 eay 17 EAY Esther Anima Yeboah 0 ed 40 ED Emmanuel Debrah 0 effie 1 Effie 6 EOM Evans Oheneba-Mensah 0 eq 24 eric ann 1 Esther 3 ey 14 fa 5 Felix 5 FEQ Frances Effie Quansah 0 fk-a 6 fka 24 FKA Felix Kumah Abiwu 0 g b 3 g m 3 g sa 1 ga 47 GA Georgina Aboagye 3 GA1 Gifty Agbley 0 gd 1 Gifty 1 gm 29 Grace 7 gsa 31 ia 15 IA Isaac Appiah 0 ia-a 7 iaa 17 IAKN Iaaac Asiamah K. N. 0 iba 6 ida 1 Iddisah 3 im 34 IM Issah Mohammed 0 iom 25 Isaac 6 Issac 2 j 2 ja 41 JA John Agyei 3 JA1 Jos Acquah 0 JA2 James Abugre 0 jab 13 JAB Jonas Asamanin Barnie 0 jb 17 john a 2 Jonas 4 Jos 3 jt 33 JT Joseph Tetteh 0 ka 32 KA Kwadwo Afriyie 0 KA1 Kwasi Arhin 0 kh 21 KH Kojo Haziel 3 Kojo 15 l a 1 la 29 ldl 19 LDL Laar Daniel Laari 0 Linda 6 ll 13 lm 2 LOM Loraine Osei-Mensah 0 m d 1 ma 28 MA Mary Arkaifie 0 Mary 5 Matilda 3 Maxwell 5 md 27 MD Maxwell Dodd 0 MDS M.D. Sulley 0 MO Mathilda Osei 0 o-ao 1 o-ap 6 oa 38 OA Opheilia Akuaku 0 oao 34 OAO Opare Addo Okyere 0 oap 15 Ofori 3 om 33 OMI Owusu Mensah Issac 0 oo 14 op 8 Opare 4 Ophelia 4 Opoku 3 os 27 OS Ofori Samuel 0 p y o 3 PAP Patrick Appiah Padmore 0 Patrick 4 pb 43 PB Peter Boateng 3 peter b 2 Pius 7 pk 3 PO Poius Osei 0 po-k 6 poa 3 POA Prince Opoku Agyemang 0 pok 21 POK Patrick Osei Kufuor 0 pt 33 pyo 27 Quansah 1 r d 3 r n a c 3 ra 23 rc 12 rd 29 RD Regina Darkwah 0 Regina 8 rnac 16 RNC Robert Nii Clegg 0 rnic 3 RO Regina Oforiwaa 0 roa 22 Robert 4 Susan 13 sy 26 SY Susan Yalley 0 Tetteh 3 va 35 VA Vincent Avornyo 0 Vincent 5 William 1 wk 1 WK William Kudzi 0 yaa-y 2 yaay 22 YAAY 2 YADY 1 yay 7 yy 3 Region Completed by enumerator. 2004 0 9 0 Greater Accra 317 1 Volta 214 2 Northern 139 3 Brong-Ahafo 212 4 Ashanti 345 5 Western 236 6 Eastern 224 7 Central 234 8 Upper East 62 9 Upper West 21 Name of town or village Completed by enumerator. 2004 Urban/rural - GSS urban or rural? 2004 1 urban 715 2 rural 1288 postcode 1 Based on GSS data. Urban/rural - supervisors urban or rural? 2004 1 2 1 urban 927 2 rural 1077 Ghanaian language 1. Which Ghanaian language do you speak most often? 1998 6 1 43 1 Akan 1196 2 Dangaare 28 3 Dagbane 48 4 Ewe 234 5 Ga 117 6 Hausa 40 7 Frafra 45 8 Nzema 14 9 Other 7 10 Dangbe 28 11 Wassa 16 12 Ahanta 13 13 Guan 10 14 Kasem 23 15 Kusasi 3 16 Moar 11 17 Bimoba 8 18 Konkomba 20 19 Chekosi 1 20 Chumburu 2 21 Noingo 1 22 Krobo 14 23 Ada 1 24 Waale 12 25 Nabi 1 26 Mamprulni 15 27 Zabagle 2 28 Gonja 17 29 Efutu 10 30 Senya 3 31 Grusi 1 32 Wangara 2 33 Dagomba 2 34 Buam/Lelemi 17 35 Nsahas 1 36 Brong 3 37 Basari 1 38 Kanjaga 1 39 Mossi 0 40 Sefwi/Sehwi 18 41 Nchumuru 1 42 Nafaana 9 43 Nkona 2 Sysmiss 6 Understand English 2A. Can you understand spoken English? This question is asked only if the interview is conducted in a local language. If the interview is conducted in English, then the code box was filled in without asking the question. 2004 0 1 0 no 698 1 yes 1306 Read/write English 2B. Can you read and write in English? This question is asked only if the interview is conducted in a local language. If the interview is conducted in English, then the code box was filled in without asking the question. 2003 1 0 1 0 no 803 1 yes 1200 Sysmiss 1 Education 3. How many years of education have you had? 1992 12 0 28 0 443 1 11 2 5 3 32 4 48 5 25 6 82 7 37 8 59 9 158 10 476 11 40 12 137 13 90 14 88 15 97 16 27 17 43 18 33 19 14 20 25 21 10 22 7 24 1 26 1 27 2 28 1 Sysmiss 12 Post coded. Piped water 2003 1 0 1 0 no 1367 1 yes 636 Sysmiss 1 Corrugated/tiled roof 2000 4 0 1 0 no 380 1 yes 1620 Sysmiss 4 Radio 2004 0 1 0 no 547 1 yes 1457 TV 2004 0 1 0 no 1137 1 yes 867 Interested in politics 5. How interested are you in politics and government? 2003 1 0 2 0 not interested 559 1 somewhat interested 935 2 very interested 509 Sysmiss 1 Often discuss politics 6. How often do you discuss politics and government with other people? 2003 1 0 2 0 never 637 1 sometimes 920 2 often 446 Sysmiss 1 Influence others? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1955 49 1 4 0 not applicable 0 1 A, strongly 490 2 A, somewhat 656 3 B, somewhat 398 4 B, strongly 411 Sysmiss 49 Cannot understand? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1994 10 1 4 1 A, strongly 683 2 A, somewhat 573 3 B, somewhat 412 4 B, strongly 326 Sysmiss 10 Representatives listen? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1998 6 1 4 1 A, strongly 442 2 A, somewhat 544 3 B, somewhat 419 4 B, strongly 593 Sysmiss 6 Not get any better? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1996 8 1 4 1 A, strongly 423 2 A, somewhat 213 3 B, somewhat 370 4 B, strongly 990 Sysmiss 8 Religious services 11. Excluding weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services? 2003 1 0 5 0 never 173 1 once a year or less 63 2 once every several months 113 3 about once a month 118 4 about once a week 647 5 more frequently than once a week 889 Sysmiss 1 Group member 12. Are you a member of any organization such as a club, union, cooperative, or some similar group? If no, then the enumerator goes to Question 14. 2000 4 0 1 0 no 1089 1 yes 911 Sysmiss 4 Group leader 13. Do you hold an official leadership position in this organization? 2004 0 1 0 no 1590 1 yes 414 Listen news bulletin 14, How often do you listen to a news bulletin on the radio? 2003 1 0 5 0 never 392 1 less than once a month 114 2 about once a month 90 3 about once a week 257 4 several times a week 301 5 every day 849 Sysmiss 1 Read newspaper 15. How often do you read a newspaper? 2003 1 0 5 0 never 1139 1 less than once a month 102 2 about once a month 119 3 about once a week 216 4 several times a week 158 5 every day 269 Sysmiss 1 Which newspaper? 16a. Which one(s)? The respondent may give up to three responses. 2004 0 17 0 None 1183 1 Daily Graphic 678 2 Ghanaian Times 66 3 Ghanaian Chronicle 33 4 Public Agenda 6 5 The Statesman 17 6 The Ghanaian Voice 2 7 The Independence 2 8 High Street Journal 0 9 The Guide 2 10 The Pioneer 9 11 The Crusading Guide 0 13 The Democratic 1 14 Palaver 1 15 Dispatch 1 16 Insight 0 17 3 18 News Watch 0 19 Financial Post 0 Which newspaper? 16b. Which one(s)? The respondent may give up to three responses. 1999 5 0 18 0 None 1526 1 Daily Graphic 73 2 Ghanaian Times 229 3 Ghanaian Chronicle 82 4 Public Agenda 6 5 The Statesman 40 6 The Ghanaian Voice 1 7 The Independence 8 8 High Street Journal 0 9 The Guide 1 10 The Pioneer 16 11 The Crusading Guide 4 13 The Democratic 4 14 Palaver 5 15 Dispatch 0 16 Insight 1 17 1 18 News Watch 2 19 Financial Post 0 Sysmiss 5 Which newspaper? 16c. Which one(s)? The respondent may give up to three responses. 1998 6 0 19 0 None 1759 1 Daily Graphic 33 2 Ghanaian Times 31 3 Ghanaian Chronicle 84 4 Public Agenda 9 5 The Statesman 32 6 The Ghanaian Voice 11 7 The Independence 10 8 High Street Journal 0 9 The Guide 4 10 The Pioneer 13 11 The Crusading Guide 5 13 The Democratic 0 14 Palaver 4 15 Dispatch 0 16 Insight 0 17 2 18 News Watch 0 19 Financial Post 1 Sysmiss 6 Name Assemblyman The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 1385 619 0 1 0 incorrect 201 1 correct 1184 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 619 Name MP The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 1120 884 0 1 0 incorrect 122 1 correct 998 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 884 Name Finance Minister The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 772 1232 0 1 0 incorrect 111 1 correct 661 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 1232 Name Vice President The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 1303 701 0 1 0 incorrect 69 1 correct 1234 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 701 Chiefs and government 2003 1 1 2 1 same 483 2 different 1520 Sysmiss 1 Army and government 2002 2 1 2 1 same 852 2 different 1150 Sysmiss 2 Party and government 2003 1 1 2 1 same 910 2 different 1093 Sysmiss 1 Central and local government 1999 5 1 2 1 same 1012 2 different 987 Sysmiss 5 Meaning of democracy 19a. When you hear the word “democracy,” what is the first thing that comes to your mind? The enumerator may prompt if necessary: “What, if anything, does ‘democracy’ mean to you?” Responses were postcoded with one or two categories in questions 19a and 19b. 1999 5 -9 7 -9 don't know 256 -8 Never heard of democracy 241 -7 Other bad 6 -3 Social or economic hardship 5 -2 Corruption, abuse of power 2 -1 Conflict and confusion 7 0 Civilian politics, government 69 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 562 2 Political rights 185 3 Social and economic development 51 4 Government by the people 440 5 Peace and unity 130 6 Good governance 35 7 Other good 10 Sysmiss 5 Meaning of democracy 19b. When you hear the word “democracy,” what is the first thing that comes to your mind? The enumerator may prompt if necessary: “What, if anything, does ‘democracy’ mean to you?” Responses were postcoded with one or two categories in questions 19a and 19b. 129 1875 -7 7 -9 Don't know 0 -8 Never heard of democracy 0 -7 Other bad 1 -3 Social or economic hardship 0 -2 Corruption, abuse of power 0 -1 Conflict and confustion 0 0 Civilian politics, government 8 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 23 2 Political rights 26 3 Social and economic development 29 4 Government by the people 19 5 Peace and unity 11 6 Good governance 9 7 Other good 3 Sysmiss 1875 Ghana democracy? 20. In your opinion, is Ghana today a democracy or not a democracy? The enumerator asks this question only if the respondent has some idea what democracy is. 1645 359 0 1 0 no, Ghana is not a democracy 248 1 yes, Ghana is a democracy 1397 9 not applicable 0 Sysmiss 359 Change good or bad? 21. In your opinion, was the change to democracy in 1992 good or bad for the country? 1761 243 1 4 1 very bad 161 2 bad 152 3 good 816 4 very good 632 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 243 Support for democracy The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Here are several pairs of statements. Please tell me whether you most agree with Statement A or Statement B?.” Then, the enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 1990 14 1 3 1 A. Democracy is preferable to any other form of government 1530 2 B. ...a non-dem. govt can be pref. to dem. one 178 3 C. To people like me, it doesn't matter what form of govt 282 Sysmiss 14 Allow expression? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2003 1 1 4 1 A, strongly 247 2 A, somewhat 157 3 B, somewhat 325 4 B, strongly 1274 Sysmiss 1 Permitted to vote? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2003 1 1 4 1 A, strongly 1334 2 A, somewhat 273 3 B, somewhat 114 4 B, strongly 282 Sysmiss 1 President change Constitution? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2003 1 1 4 1 A, strongly 151 2 A, somewhat 101 3 B, somewhat 202 4 B, strongly 1549 Sysmiss 1 Best form of government? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2002 2 1 4 1 A, strongly 1017 2 A, somewhat 231 3 B, somewhat 203 4 B, strongly 551 Sysmiss 2 Elections and parties 2002 2 0 10 0 6 1 112 2 77 3 67 4 123 5 349 6 186 7 177 8 263 9 144 10 498 Sysmiss 2 Military rule 2001 3 0 10 0 17 1 612 2 269 3 186 4 212 5 327 6 107 7 54 8 63 9 39 10 115 Sysmiss 3 Colonial system 2000 4 0 10 0 13 1 474 2 195 3 156 4 151 5 287 6 160 7 104 8 115 9 75 10 270 Sysmiss 4 Traditional system 1998 6 0 10 0 14 1 322 2 185 3 156 4 238 5 385 6 201 7 114 8 126 9 60 10 197 Sysmiss 6 Future system 1988 16 0 10 0 7 1 179 2 86 3 64 4 117 5 270 6 173 7 147 8 237 9 171 10 537 Sysmiss 16 Free to say 28A. People are free to say what they think. Enumerator says, “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” 2003 1 1 5 1 much worse 26 2 somewhat worse 61 3 no change 213 4 somewhat better 894 5 much better 809 Sysmiss 1 Join any organization 28B. People can join any organization they want. Enumerator says, “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” 2003 1 1 5 1 much worse 11 2 somewhat worse 47 3 no change 215 4 somewhat better 899 5 much better 831 Sysmiss 1 Free to choose 28C. Each person can freely choose who to vote for without feeling pressured. Enumerator says, “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” 2002 2 1 5 1 much worse 32 2 somewhat worse 59 3 no change 186 4 somewhat better 881 5 much better 844 Sysmiss 2 Can influence government 28D. Ordinary people can influence what government does. Enumerator says, “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” 2000 4 1 5 1 much worse 148 2 somewhat worse 228 3 no change 539 4 somewhat better 755 5 much better 330 Sysmiss 4 Treated equally 28E. Everybody is treated equally and fairly by the government. Enumerator says, “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” 2000 4 1 5 1 much worse 323 2 somewhat worse 393 3 no change 523 4 somewhat better 522 5 much better 239 Sysmiss 4 Adequate living standards 28F. People have an adequate standard of living. Enumerator says, “We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are better or worse now than they used to be.” 2000 4 1 5 1 much worse 531 2 somewhat worse 402 3 no change 347 4 somewhat better 537 5 much better 183 Sysmiss 4 Strong leader 29A. We should get rid of elections so that a strong leader can decide everything. Enumerator says, “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” 1964 40 1 4 1 strongly disagree 1330 2 disagree 403 3 agree 116 4 strongly agree 115 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 40 One political party 29B. We should have only one political party. Enumerator says, “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” 1957 47 1 4 1 strongly disagree 1175 2 disagree 402 3 agree 195 4 strongly agree 185 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 47 Army come in 29C. The army should come in to govern the country. Enumerator says, “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” 1963 41 1 4 1 strongly disagree 1436 2 disagree 323 3 agree 116 4 strongly agree 88 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 41 Government by experts 29D. The most important decisions, for example on the economy, should be left to experts. Enumerator says, “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” 1917 87 1 4 1 strongly disagree 323 2 disagree 403 3 agree 517 4 strongly agree 674 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 87 Council of elders 29E. All decisions should be made by a council of traditional elders. Enumerator says, “Some people say that we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think about the following options?” 1910 94 1 4 1 strongly disagree 722 2 disagree 699 3 agree 353 4 strongly agree 136 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 94 Satisfied with democracy 30. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the way democracy works in Ghana? 1989 15 1 5 1 very dissatisfied 316 2 somewhat dissatisfied 327 3 neutral 262 4 somewhat satisfied 736 5 very satisfied 348 Sysmiss 15 Enjoy a real choice? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2001 3 1 4 1 A, strongly 761 2 A, somewhat 710 3 B, somewhat 306 4 B, strongly 224 Sysmiss 3 Deal with inherited problems? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1997 7 1 4 1 A, strongly 726 2 A, somewhat 756 3 B, somewhat 274 4 B, strongly 241 Sysmiss 7 Trust relatives The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 2000 4 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 104 2 I distrust them somewhat 118 3 I trust them somewhat 487 4 I trust them a lot 1291 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 4 Trust neighbors The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1984 20 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 161 2 I distrust them somewhat 253 3 I trust them somewhat 788 4 I trust them a lot 782 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 20 Trust own tribe The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1979 25 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 170 2 I distrust them somewhat 287 3 I trust them somewhat 824 4 I trust them a lot 698 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 25 Trust other tribes The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1941 63 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 401 2 I distrust them somewhat 373 3 I trust them somewhat 800 4 I trust them a lot 367 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 63 Trust chiefs The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1967 37 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 334 2 I distrust them somewhat 271 3 I trust them somewhat 741 4 I trust them a lot 621 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 37 Trust District Assemblies The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1916 88 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 402 2 I distrust them somewhat 354 3 I trust them somewhat 747 4 I trust them a lot 413 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 88 Trust police The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1975 29 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 713 2 I distrust them somewhat 283 3 I trust them somewhat 610 4 I trust them a lot 369 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 29 Trust law courts The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1926 78 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 455 2 I distrust them somewhat 310 3 I trust them somewhat 689 4 I trust them a lot 472 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 78 Trust political parties The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1931 73 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 352 2 I distrust them somewhat 348 3 I trust them somewhat 869 4 I trust them a lot 362 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 73 Trust army The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1945 59 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 430 2 I distrust them somewhat 240 3 I trust them somewhat 690 4 I trust them a lot 585 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 59 Trust Parliament The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1890 114 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 267 2 I distrust them somewhat 222 3 I trust them somewhat 773 4 I trust them a lot 628 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 114 Trust GBC The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1918 86 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 172 2 I distrust them somewhat 156 3 I trust them somewhat 714 4 I trust them a lot 876 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 86 Trust Electoral Commission The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1889 115 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 422 2 I distrust them somewhat 211 3 I trust them somewhat 644 4 I trust them a lot 612 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 115 Trust churches The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1974 30 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 145 2 I distrust them somewhat 153 3 I trust them somewhat 534 4 I trust them a lot 1142 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 30 Trust mosques The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1833 171 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 561 2 I distrust them somewhat 233 3 I trust them somewhat 487 4 I trust them a lot 552 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 171 Trust trade unions/farmers organizations The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1679 325 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 190 2 I distrust them somewhat 204 3 I trust them somewhat 743 4 I trust them a lot 542 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 325 Trust banks The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1873 131 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 150 2 I distrust them somewhat 146 3 I trust them somewhat 705 4 I trust them a lot 872 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 131 Trust businesses The enumerator introduced the question by saying, “I am now going to read you a list of people. I would like to know whether, generally speaking, you trust them to do what is right all or most of the time.” Then, the enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 1828 176 1 4 1 I do not trust them at all 242 2 I distrust them somewhat 233 3 I trust them somewhat 823 4 I trust them a lot 530 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 176 Throwing rubbish 1984 20 0 3 0 never 134 1 occasionally 308 2 most of the time 479 3 always 1063 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 20 Traffic signs 1727 277 0 3 0 never 239 1 occasionally 400 2 most of the time 516 3 always 572 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 277 Trader's license 1723 281 0 3 0 never 230 1 occasionally 453 2 most of the time 620 3 always 420 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 281 Water fees 1711 293 0 3 0 never 435 1 occasionally 666 2 most of the time 370 3 always 240 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 293 Income taxes 1687 317 0 3 0 never 304 1 occasionally 540 2 most of the time 497 3 always 346 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 317 Offering bribes 1827 177 0 3 0 never 188 1 occasionally 173 2 most of the time 358 3 always 1108 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 177 ERP 37. Have you ever heard about the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP)? Enumerator may prompt, if necessary, “You know, the reforms to the economy introduced in the 1980s.” If answer is no, enumerator goes to question 40. 2003 1 0 1 0 no 1165 1 yes 838 Sysmiss 1 ERP supposed to do 38. What, in your opinion , is the Economic Recovery Programme supposed to do? 696 1308 -1 9 -1 To bring hardship and difficulties 11 0 Don't know 0 1 Improve the economy 319 2 Improve living conditions 215 3 Increase jobs and productivity 21 4 Stabilization and fiscal balance 51 5 Institutional adjustments 33 6 Provide government services 28 7 More goods available 3 8 Bring the country together 12 9 Self-reliance 3 Sysmiss 1308 Satisfied ERP 39. How satisfied or unsatisfied are you with the ERP? 742 1262 1 5 0 n/a 0 1 very unsatisfied 172 2 unsatisfied 223 3 neutral 91 4 satisfied 203 5 very satisfied 53 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 1262 Own success in life? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2003 1 1 4 1 A, strongly 705 2 A, somewhat 406 3 B, somewhat 300 4 B, strongly 592 Sysmiss 1 Provide employment? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2001 3 1 4 1 A, strongly 629 2 A, somewhat 401 3 B, somewhat 305 4 B, strongly 666 Sysmiss 3 Free to earn? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2002 2 1 4 1 A, strongly 880 2 A, somewhat 525 3 B, somewhat 329 4 B, strongly 268 Sysmiss 2 Own land? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2003 1 1 4 1 A, strongly 919 2 A, somewhat 297 3 B, somewhat 235 4 B, strongly 552 Sysmiss 1 Start new business? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1994 10 1 4 1 A, strongly 114 2 A, somewhat 155 3 B, somewhat 611 4 B, strongly 1114 Sysmiss 10 Protecting borders 2002 2 1 7 1 government 1841 2 private companies 7 3 individuals 43 4 government and business 10 5 government and individuals 73 6 businesses and individuals 3 7 all three 25 Sysmiss 2 Building house 2003 1 1 7 1 government 198 2 private companies 22 3 individuals 1572 4 government and business 29 5 government and individuals 150 6 businesses and individuals 13 7 all three 19 Sysmiss 1 Agricultural credit 2001 3 1 7 1 government 1535 2 private companies 22 3 individuals 71 4 government and business 199 5 government and individuals 109 6 businesses and individuals 16 7 all three 49 Sysmiss 3 Buying cocoa 2002 2 1 7 1 government 1273 2 private companies 46 3 individuals 134 4 government and business 287 5 government and individuals 127 6 businesses and individuals 57 7 all three 78 Sysmiss 2 Selling consumer goods 2000 4 1 7 1 government 431 2 private companies 93 3 individuals 787 4 government and business 110 5 government and individuals 156 6 businesses and individuals 191 7 all three 232 Sysmiss 4 Providing schools/clinics 2003 1 1 7 1 government 1529 2 private companies 5 3 individuals 31 4 government and business 124 5 government and individuals 144 6 businesses and individuals 9 7 all three 161 Sysmiss 1 Creating jobs 2003 1 1 7 1 government 1317 2 private companies 14 3 individuals 47 4 government and business 173 5 government and individuals 147 6 businesses and individuals 12 7 all three 293 Sysmiss 1 Reducing crime 2003 1 1 7 1 government 1521 2 private companies 5 3 individuals 41 4 government and business 12 5 government and individuals 222 6 businesses and individuals 1 7 all three 201 Sysmiss 1 Goods available? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2002 2 1 4 1 A, strongly 951 2 A, somewhat 497 3 B, somewhat 249 4 B, strongly 305 Sysmiss 2 Free schooling? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2002 2 1 4 1 A, strongly 264 2 A, somewhat 196 3 B, somewhat 407 4 B, strongly 1135 Sysmiss 2 Civil servant jobs? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2001 3 1 4 1 A, strongly 843 2 A, somewhat 606 3 B, somewhat 331 4 B, strongly 221 Sysmiss 3 Own factories? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1999 5 1 4 1 A, strongly 1029 2 A, somewhat 358 3 B, somewhat 292 4 B, strongly 320 Sysmiss 5 Foreign investment? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2001 3 1 4 1 A, strongly 983 2 A, somewhat 410 3 B, somewhat 232 4 B, strongly 376 Sysmiss 3 Change economic policies? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 2001 3 1 4 1 A, strongly 802 2 A, somewhat 445 3 B, somewhat 356 4 B, strongly 398 Sysmiss 3 Minority suffered? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 1667 337 1 4 0 1 0 1 2 288 2 3 237 3 4 288 4 5 854 9 6 0 Sysmiss 337 Which minority? This question was asked if the respondent chose 52B. Responses of 4 or 5 were postcoded. 53. In your opinion, which minority has benefitted? 1259 745 1 5 0 n/a 0 1 people close to government 936 2 foreign businesses 52 3 rural areas 40 4 selected regions of Ghana 54 5 other 177 Sysmiss 745 Which region This question was asked if the respondent answered 4 (=selected regions of Ghana) to question 53. The respondent may give up to two responses 53a1. Which region? 41 1963 1 10 0 n/a 0 1 Volta 17 2 Northern 1 3 Brong-Ahafo 1 4 Ashanti 6 5 Western 0 6 Eastern 3 7 Central 1 8 Upper East 0 9 Upper West 0 10 Greater Accra 12 Sysmiss 1963 Which region This question was asked if the respondent answered 4 (=selected regions of Ghana) to question 53. The respondent may give up to two responses 53a2. Which region? 21 1983 1 10 0 n/a 0 1 Volta 1 2 Northern 2 3 Brong-Ahafo 4 4 Ashanti 8 5 Western 0 6 Eastern 1 7 Central 1 8 Upper East 0 9 Upper West 0 10 Greater Accra 4 Sysmiss 1983 Other minority This question was asked if the respondent answered 5 (=other) to question 53. 53b. Which minority? 169 1835 1 5 0 n/a 0 1 the rich, elites, business owners 111 2 urban areas 17 3 workers, employed persons 26 4 no one 8 5 don't know 7 Sysmiss 1835 Satisfied Ghanaian economy 54A. How satisfied are you: a. with the general state of the Ghanaian economy today? 2002 2 1 4 1 not at all satisfied 823 2 not very satisfied 495 3 fairly satisfied 539 4 very satisfied 145 Sysmiss 2 Satisfied own conditions 54B. How satisfied are you: b. with your own living conditions today? 1993 11 1 4 1 not at all satisfied 832 2 not very satisfied 528 3 fairly satisfied 497 4 very satisfied 136 Sysmiss 11 Satisfied five years ago 55. When you look at your life today, how satisfied do you feel compared with five years ago? 2002 2 1 5 1 much less satisfied 527 2 slightly less satisfied 347 3 about the same 346 4 slightly more satisfied 530 5 much more satisfied 252 Sysmiss 2 Satisfied future 56. When you look forward at your life’s prospects, how satisfied do you expect to be in one year’s time? 1994 10 1 5 1 much less satisfied 165 2 lightly less satisfied 168 3 about the same 620 4 slightly more satisfied 562 5 much more satisfied 479 Sysmiss 10 Responsible economic conditions 57. In your opinion, who is responsible for the current economic conditions in Ghana? The respondent may give up to two responses. 1993 11 1 12 1 the old government 190 2 the current government 1215 3 the IMF/World Bank 68 4 we, the people 406 5 economic recovery programme 22 6 internal opposition forces 5 7 international economic forces 19 8 President Rawlings 5 9 don't know 38 10 the current government excluding Rawlings 2 11 Supernatural forces 15 12 All of the above 8 Sysmiss 11 Responsible economic conditions 57. In your opinion, who is responsible for the current economic conditions in Ghana? The respondent may give up to two responses. 36 1968 1 8 1 the old government 4 2 the current government 14 3 the IMF/World Bank 4 4 we, the people 10 5 economic recovery programme 0 6 internal opposition forces 1 7 international economic forces 2 8 President Rawlings 1 9 other 0 10 current government excluding Rawlings 0 11 supernatural forces 0 12 all of the above 0 Sysmiss 1968 Performance NDC 58. What is your overall assessment of the performance of the present NDC government? 1998 6 1 5 1 very bad 361 2 bad 237 3 fair 678 4 good 483 5 very good 239 Sysmiss 6 Handling jobs 1946 58 1 4 1 very badly 671 2 quite badly 513 3 fairly well 575 4 very well 187 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 58 Handling prices 1975 29 1 4 1 very badly 758 2 quite badly 544 3 fairly well 516 4 very well 157 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 29 Handling gaps 1836 168 1 4 1 very badly 739 2 quite badly 501 3 fairly well 446 4 very well 150 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 168 Handling crime 1959 45 1 4 1 very badly 530 2 quite badly 304 3 fairly well 653 4 very well 472 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 45 Handling education 1973 31 1 4 1 very badly 587 2 quite badly 423 3 fairly well 625 4 very well 338 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 31 Handling health 1985 19 1 4 1 very badly 514 2 quite badly 405 3 fairly well 665 4 very well 401 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 19 Handling corruption 1854 150 1 4 1 very badly 871 2 quite badly 357 3 fairly well 438 4 very well 188 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 150 How long promises 1962 42 1 5 1 within two years 204 2 within four years 281 3 within eight years 248 4 more than eight years 328 5 never 901 Sysmiss 42 How long living standards 1961 43 1 5 1 within two years 387 2 within four years 427 3 within eight years 292 4 more than eight years 387 5 never 468 Sysmiss 43 Registered voter 61. Are you a registered voter? 2002 2 0 1 0 no 127 1 yes 1875 Sysmiss 2 Why not registered If answer to question 61 is yes, then the enumerator enters 0 = not applicable. Responses of 9 postcoded. Enumerator then goes to Question 65. 62. [If no] Why not? 158 1846 1 9 0 n/a 0 1 missed registration 64 2 ill health 10 3 absent from area 18 4 voter card lost 2 5 no national reg. card 0 6 under 18 during reg 46 7 not interested in voting 7 8 otherwise engaged 1 9 other 10 Sysmiss 1846 Voted 1996 Enumerator may prompt, if necessary, “that is, the last elections for President and Parliament.” 2001 3 0 1 0 no 226 1 yes 1775 Sysmiss 3 Voted 1998 The enumerator may prompt, if necessary, “you know, the recent elections for assemblies and unit committees.” 2001 3 0 1 0 no 427 1 yes 1574 Sysmiss 3 Individual or party Enumerator asks only if respondent answered “yes” to Question 63A or B. 64. When you voted for an M.P., did you vote for an individual or for the political party that he/she belongs to? 1994 10 0 2 0 n/a 178 1 individual 983 2 party 833 Sysmiss 10 MP performance 1973 31 1 4 1 very unsatisfied 661 2 somewhat unsatisfied 403 3 somewhat satisfied 656 4 very satisfied 253 9 not applicable (chiefs only) 0 Sysmiss 31 Assemblyman performance 1974 30 1 4 1 very unsatisfied 516 2 somewhat unsatisfied 353 3 somewhat satisfied 763 4 very satisfied 342 9 not applicable (chiefs only) 0 Sysmiss 30 Chief performance 1512 492 1 4 1 very unsatisfied 344 2 somewhat unsatisfied 193 3 somewhat satisfied 559 4 very satisfied 416 9 not applicable (chiefs only) 0 Sysmiss 492 Elections honest 66. In your opinion, were the December 1996 elections generally honest, or did some candidates have an unfair advantage? 1981 23 1 4 1 very dishonest 375 2 somewhat dishonest 374 3 quite honest 656 4 very honest 576 Sysmiss 23 Attend community meeting 2004 0 3 0 never 724 1 only once 150 2 sometimes 636 3 often 494 Raise an issue 2004 0 3 0 never 926 1 only once 155 2 sometimes 563 3 often 360 Attend election rally 2001 3 0 3 0 never 997 1 only once 196 2 sometimes 500 3 often 308 Sysmiss 3 Work for candidate 2004 0 3 0 never 1610 1 only once 83 2 sometimes 182 3 often 129 Sign petition 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1868 1 only once 52 2 sometimes 55 3 often 28 Sysmiss 1 Write newspaper 2004 0 3 0 never 1901 1 only once 54 2 sometimes 41 3 often 8 Attend demonstration 2002 2 0 3 0 never 1830 1 only once 80 2 sometimes 65 3 often 27 Sysmiss 2 Contact chief 2002 2 0 3 0 never 1520 1 only once 97 2 sometimes 236 3 often 149 Sysmiss 2 Contact assemblyman 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1466 1 only once 132 2 sometimes 253 3 often 152 Sysmiss 1 Contact MP 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1761 1 only once 65 2 sometimes 128 3 often 49 Sysmiss 1 Contact government official 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1786 1 only once 66 2 sometimes 110 3 often 41 Sysmiss 1 Contact religious leader 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1168 1 only once 137 2 sometimes 399 3 often 299 Sysmiss 1 Contact influential person 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1449 1 only once 106 2 sometimes 297 3 often 151 Sysmiss 1 Follow religion 2000 4 -1 6 -1 support the government 83 0 nothing 355 1 contact an elected representative 166 2 support an opposition party 81 3 join a protest or boycott 1239 4 other 23 5 disobey 49 6 this is not possible in Ghana 4 7 leave the country 0 Sysmiss 4 Stop travel 1998 6 -1 6 -1 support the government 56 0 nothing 468 1 contact an elected representative 162 2 support an opposition party 88 3 join a protest or boycott 1180 4 other 14 5 disobey 26 6 this is not possible in Ghana 4 7 leave the country 0 Sysmiss 6 Shut newspapers 1998 6 -1 6 -1 support the government 107 0 nothing 743 1 contact an elected representative 118 2 support an opposition party 103 3 join a protest or boycott 905 4 other 19 5 disobey 2 6 this is not possible in Ghana 1 7 leave the country 0 Sysmiss 6 Dismiss judges 2003 1 -1 4 -1 support the government 92 0 nothing 736 1 contact an elected representative 117 2 support an opposition party 95 3 join a protest or boycott 935 4 other 28 5 disobey 0 6 this is not possible in Ghana 0 7 leave the country 0 Sysmiss 1 cancel elections 2002 2 -1 5 -1 support the government 61 0 nothing 595 1 contact an elected representative 129 2 support an opposition party 165 3 join a protest or boycott 1026 4 other 24 5 disobey 2 6 this is not possible in Ghana 0 7 leave the country 0 Sysmiss 2 Occupation 70. What is your main occupation? 1996 8 0 99 0 unemployed 188 1 farmer 656 2 informal marketeer 229 3 businessperson 89 4 clerical worker 28 5 artisan 165 6 domestic worker 28 7 miner 3 8 technical worker 46 9 teacher 112 10 government worker 60 11 NGO worker 1 12 professional 94 13 retired 36 14 housewife 39 15 student 115 16 services worker 72 17 fisherman 11 18 laborer 5 19 religious leader 5 20 industrial worker 6 99 other 8 Sysmiss 8 Buy and sell goods 2001 3 0 1 0 no 1279 1 yes 722 Sysmiss 3 Sell skills 2001 3 0 1 0 no 1283 1 yes 718 Sysmiss 3 Employ others 2000 4 0 1 0 no 1515 1 yes 485 Sysmiss 4 Operate bank account 2002 2 0 1 0 no 1383 1 yes 619 Sysmiss 2 Owe money 2001 3 0 1 0 no 1794 1 yes 207 Sysmiss 3 Start business 72. How easy or difficult is it for someone like yourself to start a small business? 1982 22 1 4 1 very hard 1265 2 hard 480 3 easy 177 4 very easy 60 Sysmiss 22 Without food 2002 2 0 3 0 never 1347 1 occasionally 458 2 frequently 172 3 all the time 25 Sysmiss 2 Without water 2001 3 0 3 0 never 1216 1 occasionally 509 2 frequently 222 3 all the time 54 Sysmiss 3 Without schooling 2002 2 0 3 0 never 1188 1 occasionally 510 2 frequently 238 3 all the time 66 Sysmiss 2 Without health care 2000 4 0 3 0 never 1068 1 occasionally 572 2 frequently 286 3 all the time 74 Sysmiss 4 Turn food 1222 782 0 5 0 no one 623 1 kin 396 2 local community or group 44 3 private provision 149 4 government provision 6 5 unapproved, non-conventional or illicit provision 4 9 not applicable 0 Sysmiss 782 Turn water 1317 687 0 5 0 no one 459 1 kin 193 2 local community or group 176 3 private provision 419 4 government provision 31 5 unapproved, non-conventional or illicit provision 39 9 not applicable 0 Sysmiss 687 Turn schooling 1349 655 0 5 0 no one 635 1 kin 377 2 local community or group 72 3 private provision 192 4 government provision 70 5 unapproved, non-conventional or illicit provision 3 9 not applicable 0 Sysmiss 655 Turn health care 1416 588 0 5 0 no one 566 1 kin 435 2 local community or group 74 3 private provision 245 4 government provision 85 5 unapproved, non-conventional or illicit provision 11 9 not applicable 0 Sysmiss 588 Look after my interests 75. Politicians and civil servants are trying their best to look after the interests of people like me. The enumerator says, “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” 1992 12 1 4 1 strongly disagree 525 2 disagree 489 3 agree 766 4 strongly agree 212 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 12 President fights corruption 76. Rather than protecting his friends, the President will fight corruption wherever he finds it. The enumerator says, “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” 1995 9 1 4 1 strongly disagree 527 2 disagree 501 3 agree 667 4 strongly agree 300 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 9 Bribery not common 77. Bribery is not common among public officials in Ghana The enumerator says, “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” 1991 13 1 4 1 strongly disagree 1248 2 disagree 444 3 agree 164 4 strongly agree 135 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 13 Enriching themselves 78. Most government officials and politicians are mainly concerned with enriching themselves. 1998 6 1 4 1 strongly disagree 226 2 disagree 251 3 agree 603 4 strongly agree 918 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 6 President's region 79. The President’s region of the country gets more government services than any other region. The enumerator says, “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” 1988 16 1 4 1 strongly disagree 565 2 disagree 701 3 agree 449 4 strongly agree 273 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 16 Corruption worse 80. Corruption was a worse problem under the old military government than these days. The enumerator says, “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” 1990 14 1 4 1 strongly disagree 504 2 disagree 753 3 agree 482 4 strongly agree 251 9 don't know 0 Sysmiss 14 How often bribe 81. How often, if ever, has a public official asked you for a bribe or a favor in return for getting something you were entitled to? 1997 7 0 3 0 never 1381 1 once 166 2 a few times 274 3 often 176 Sysmiss 7 Which office(s) 82. Which office(s) or agency(ies) did the official work for? Enumerator asks this question only if respondent answers 1, 2, or 3 to Question 81. Respondent may give up to two responses. 494 1510 1 11 1 police 171 2 customs, immigration 34 3 schools/education 75 4 health care 45 5 courts 9 6 Lands Commission 4 7 local government 22 8 ministries/civil service 65 9 utilities and telecom 18 10 transport 5 11 private industry/associations 46 Sysmiss 1510 Which office(s) 82. Which office(s) or agency(ies) did the official work for? Enumerator asks this question only if respondent answers 1, 2, or 3 to Question 81. Respondent may give up to two responses. 142 1862 1 11 1 police 36 2 customs, immigration 10 3 schools/education 16 4 health care 15 5 courts 7 6 Lands Commission 0 7 local government 9 8 ministries/civil service 22 9 utilities and telecom 6 10 transport 6 11 private industry/associations 15 Sysmiss 1862 Attacked or robbed 2002 2 0 3 0 no, no one 1321 1 friend or acquaintance 374 2 family member 109 3 yes, self 198 Sysmiss 2 House broken into Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q82 in the blank space. 2001 3 0 3 0 no, no one 1294 1 friend or acquaintance 246 2 family member 107 3 yes, self 354 Sysmiss 3 Safety five years ago 84. Compared with five years ago, do you feel more or less safe when walking about alone? 1992 12 1 5 1 much less safe 382 2 somewhat less safe 325 3 about the same 276 4 somewhat more safe 457 5 much more safe 552 Sysmiss 12 Report to police 2003 1 0 3 0 never 668 1 sometimes 520 2 often 304 3 always 511 Sysmiss 1 Carry a weapon 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1550 1 sometimes 196 2 often 122 3 always 135 Sysmiss 1 Have other people 2002 2 0 3 0 never 1049 1 sometimes 454 2 often 297 3 always 202 Sysmiss 2 Form a group 2003 1 0 3 0 never 1142 1 sometimes 379 2 often 243 3 always 239 Sysmiss 1 Close to political party 86. Do you feel close to any political party? If no, then the enumerator goes to Question 89 after entering “0" for Questions 87 and 88. 2004 0 1 0 no 664 1 yes 1340 Which party Only asked if respondent answered “yes” to question 86. 87. Which one? 2002 2 0 6 0 not applicable 655 1 NDC 766 2 NPP 506 3 CP 25 4 UGM 3 5 PNC 29 6 other 18 Sysmiss 2 Party card 88. Do you presently hold a paid-up membership card for this party? Only asked if respondent answered “yes” to question 86. 1988 16 0 1 0 no 1298 1 yes 690 Sysmiss 16 Monthly earnings 89. Roughly how much money do you and your spouse together earn per month? 1989 15 0 7 0 none 313 1 less than 50,000 cedis 574 2 51,000 - 100,000 cedis 445 3 101,000 - 300,000 cedis 471 4 301,000 - 500,000 cedis 129 5 501,000 - 700,000 cedis 31 6 701,000 - 1,000,000 cedis 12 7 1 - 5 million cedis 14 8 over 5 million cedis 0 Sysmiss 15 Financial situation 90. How would you describe your household financial situation during the past year? Did you save money, spend about what you earned, spend some of your own savings, or borrow money? 1938 66 1 5 1 save 326 2 spend earnings 1144 3 spend savings 101 4 borrow 197 5 spend savings AND borrow 170 Sysmiss 66 2004 0.928 1.081 0.928 1056 1 3 1.081 945