NGA_2000_AFB-R1_v01_M DDI_NGA_2000_AFB-R1_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2020-09-25 Metadata Editor Version 01 (September 2020) NGA_2000_AFB-R1_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2000 Round 1 AFB-R1 2000 The Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The initial (Round 1) survey covered 7 countries. Nigeria National coverage Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Research and Marketing Services (RMS) Face-to-face [f2f] In Rounds 1 through 3, the Afrobarometer did only minimal weighting of data to correct for over- or under-samples of certain populations, usually based on region or urban-rural location. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. nig_r1_data.sav 3603 272 .sav Afrobarometer round 1 survey data. Respondent number on Questionnaire Respondent number. 3603 1 3613 Primary Sampling Unit Primary sampling unit. 3603 1 60 1 Lagos 338 2 Ikorodu 22 3 Ibadan 124 4 Ikire 50 5 Egbeda 51 6 Abeokuta 31 7 Igbo-Ora 51 8 Idere 51 9 Ondo 17 10 Owena 49 11 Idanre 50 12 Aba 92 13 Ikot-Ekpene 47 14 Onicha Ngwa 47 15 Enugu 53 16 Aguobu-owa 46 17 Eke 46 18 Nsukka 14 19 Ibagwa 46 20 Obukpa 46 21 Benin 82 22 Sapele 58 23 Ologbo 57 24 Port Harcourt 48 25 Rumuodamaya 51 26 Rukpokwu 49 27 Warri 46 28 Ughelli 58 29 Agbaro 57 30 Yenagoa 35 31 Ilorin 86 32 Afon 30 33 Laduba 30 34 Minna 27 35 Kuta 30 36 Che/Gunu 30 37 Gboko 16 38 Buruku 30 39 Kyado 30 40 Abuja 11 41 Kwali 29 42 Giri 27 43 Kano 206 44 Dawakin-kudu 84 45 Tsakuwa fanfala nafiamariya dafan 85 46 Sokoto 46 47 Wamakko 85 48 Asari/Wajeke 85 49 Katsina 38 50 Rimi 84 51 Lambar Rimi/Abukur 87 52 Maiduguri 103 53 Konduga 65 54 Malali 65 55 Jos 83 56 Bukuru 65 57 Bisiehi 66 58 Bauchi 38 59 Katagun 64 60 Turum 66 61 No answ 0 Size of Household How many members are there in your household? 3603 0 66 0 5 1 186 2 259 3 355 4 430 5 462 6 477 7 353 8 294 9 177 10 187 11 81 12 86 13 44 14 30 15 42 16 24 17 16 18 9 19 11 20 17 21 8 22 8 23 2 24 3 25 10 26 2 27 3 28 1 29 1 30 11 33 2 40 2 45 1 49 1 50 1 65 1 66 1 No. of Children in Household Among these members, how many children are there below 18 years of age? 3603 0 24 0 682 1 561 2 728 3 562 4 414 5 216 6 162 7 90 8 67 9 25 10 33 11 14 12 14 13 3 14 3 15 8 16 5 17 3 18 6 20 2 21 3 22 1 24 1 Date of Interview Date of interview. 3603 2000-01-21 61 2000-01-22 61 2000-01-23 50 2000-01-24 61 2000-01-25 319 2000-01-26 373 2000-01-27 402 2000-01-28 401 2000-01-29 407 2000-01-30 452 2000-01-31 343 2000-02-01 240 2000-02-02 121 2000-02-03 110 2000-02-04 85 2000-02-05 51 2000-02-06 36 2000-02-07 30 Sex of respondent QD What is the respondent’s gender? 3603 1 2 1 Male 1803 2 Female 1800 Q1 Age 1. How old were you at your last birthday? 3603 18 87 Q2 Nigerian language 2. Which Nigerian language do you speak most often? 3603 1 87 1 Hausa 1136 2 Yoruba 919 3 Ibo 601 4 Tiv 81 5 Ijaw 53 6 Nupe 15 7 Kanuri 122 8 Ibibio-Efik 79 9 Edo 128 10 Others 36 11 Irobo/Urhobo 64 12 Idoma 14 13 Calabar 3 14 Ogoja 5 15 Knale 2 16 Igala 10 17 Boki 1 18 Igbira 10 19 Ikpon 1 20 Isoko 27 21 Ikan 4 22 Ishan/Esan 19 23 Anam 1 24 Annang 5 25 Itsekiri 6 26 Ika 2 27 Ukwale 1 28 Epie 5 29 Tangoa 1 30 Omoku 1 31 Ora 1 32 Auchi 1 33 Okirika 5 34 Esako 2 35 Okpe 1 36 Owan 1 37 Ikwerre 66 38 Ibani 2 39 Kalabari 4 40 Ogoni 2 41 Akassa 1 42 Etche 0 43 Beriberi 1 44 Fulani 27 45 Kagoro 1 46 Bekwarr 3 47 Nkwana 1 48 Babur 4 49 Kiiba 2 50 Nungu 1 51 Kabba/Koro 2 52 Eggon 2 53 Kuba 2 54 Madara 1 55 Bura 6 56 Margi 4 57 Cabarmawa 1 58 Kibaku 1 59 Mafa 3 60 Beron/Birom 22 61 Angas 7 62 Iregwe 1 63 Afizere 1 64 Koro 1 65 Normana 1 66 Miango 1 67 Gyerawa 2 68 Eterco 1 69 Zar 1 70 Lantan 1 71 Mwaghauw 2 72 Pyem 3 73 Chawai 1 74 Gbaji 2 75 Nanba/Wanba 1 76 Jarawa 9 77 Katap 1 78 Tangale 1 79 Waja 2 80 *Kanuri 0 81 Jukun 1 82 Bayam 1 83 Shuwa Arab 8 84 Ndochi 1 85 Kare Kare 1 86 Gwari 29 87 Rukuba 1 Q3A Understand English 3A. Can you understand spoken English? This question is asked only if the interview is conducted in a local language. If the interview is conducted in English, then the code box was filled in without asking the question. 3603 0 1 0 No 1114 1 Yes 2489 Q3B Read/write English 3B. Can you read and write in English? This question is asked only if the interview is conducted in a local language. If the interview is conducted in English, then the code box was filled in without asking the question. 3603 0 1 0 No 1285 1 Yes 2318 Q4 Education 4. How much education have you had? 3603 1 99 1 No formal schooling 911 2 Some primary schooling 221 3 Primary school completed 391 4 Some high school 366 5 High school completed 967 6 Post-seconday qualification, other than university 247 7 Some university, college 245 8 University, college completed 219 9 Post-graduate 34 10 Don't know 1 99 Missing Data 1 Q5 Religion 5. What is your religion, if any? Options not read out loud. 3603 0 11 0 None 15 1 Islam 1611 2 Catholic 570 3 Protestant (mainstream) 502 4 Protestant (evangelical/pentecostal) 753 5 African independent church 112 6 Tradional religion 33 8 A christian but doesn't go to church 1 9 Free thinker/Free man/pagan 2 10 Brotherhood of the star and cross 2 11 Jehovah witness 2 12 Ekankar 0 13 Others 0 Q6A Church assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 773 1 Inactive member 1002 2 Active member 1828 Q6B Sport/rec assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3036 1 Inactive member 250 2 Active member 317 Q6C Art/educ assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3128 1 Inactive member 186 2 Active member 289 Q6D Trade/farmers union 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3000 1 Inactive member 256 2 Active member 347 Q6E Prof/business assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3277 1 Inactive member 116 2 Active member 210 Q6F Devel. assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3217 1 Inactive member 169 2 Active member 217 Q6G Women's assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3265 1 Inactive member 128 2 Active member 210 Q6H Democ. assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3429 1 Inactive member 86 2 Active member 88 Q6I Enviro. assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3415 1 Inactive member 72 2 Active member 116 Q6J Charitable assoc. 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3385 1 Inactive member 78 2 Active member 140 Q6K Others 3603 0 2 0 Not a member 3547 1 Inactive member 28 2 Active member 28 Q7 Assoc. leader 7. Do you hold an official leadership position in any of these organizations? 3603 0 9 0 No 2254 1 Yes 850 9 Not applicable 499 Q8 Occupation 8. What is your main occupation? Options not read out loud. 3603 0 99 0 Unemployed/Applicant 213 1 Farmer/Fishing 483 2 Informal Marketeer 669 3 Businessperson 224 4 Clerical Worker/Sales girl 47 5 Artisan/Apprentice/Carpenter 377 6 Domestic Worker 24 7 Miner 6 8 Technical Worker/Company worker 71 9 Teacher 96 10 Government Worker 202 11 NGO Worker 22 12 Professional/Nurse/Accountant 71 13 Retired 48 14 Housewife 461 15 Student/Under graduate 552 17 Politician 1 18 Religious leader 8 19 Transporter 15 20 Security worker 2 21 Sportman 3 22 Manager/Adminisrator in the church 0 23 Traditional doctor/healer 2 24 Manual labourer 1 25 Sand dealer 0 26 Youth Corper 1 27 Gadama 1 28 Other 0 99 Missing Data 3 Q9 Unemployed 9. In the past year, have you been unemployed (that is, without a cash job) at any time for a period of at least one month or more? 3603 0 2 0 No 2294 1 Yes 1275 2 Don't remember 34 3603 0 1 0 No 1959 1 Yes 1644 Q10B Sell skills 3603 0 1 0 No 2369 1 Yes 1234 Q10C Employ others 3603 0 1 0 No 2921 1 Yes 682 Q10D Operate bank account 3603 0 1 0 No 2746 1 Yes 857 Q10e Owe money 3603 0 1 0 No 3297 1 Yes 306 Q11A Without food 3603 0 3 0 Never 2114 1 Occasionally 1239 2 Frequently 202 3 Always 48 Q11B Without Water 3603 0 3 0 Never 1455 1 Occasionally 1259 2 Frequently 563 3 Always 326 Q11C Without School 3603 0 3 0 Never 2531 1 Occasionally 776 2 Frequently 185 3 Always 111 Q11D Without healthcare 3603 0 3 0 Never 2304 1 Occasionally 1018 2 Frequently 199 3 Always 82 Q12A Turn food 3603 0 9 0 No-one 327 1 Kin 526 2 Community group 100 3 Private provision 516 4 Gov't provision 19 5 Illicit provision 1 9 Not applicable 2114 Q12B Turn water 3603 0 9 0 No-one 167 1 Kin 164 2 Community group 450 3 Private provision 1140 4 Gov't provision 203 5 Illicit provision 24 9 Not applicable 1455 Q12C Turn school 3603 0 9 0 No-one 288 1 Kin 311 2 Community group 77 3 Private provision 318 4 Gov't provision 76 5 Illicit provision 2 9 Not applicable 2531 Q12d Turn healthcare 3603 0 9 0 No-one 221 1 Kin 344 2 Community group 116 3 Private provision 437 4 Gov't provision 178 5 Illicit provision 3 9 Not applicable 2304 Q13A Satisfied Nigerian economy 13. How satisfied are you: A. with the general state of the Nigerian economy today? 3603 1 4 1 Not at all satisfied 795 2 Not very satisfied 1190 3 Somewhat satisfied 1346 4 Very satisfied 272 Q13B Satisfied own conditions 13. How satisfied are you: B. with your own living conditions today? 3603 1 4 1 Not at all satisfied 445 2 Not very satisfied 1055 3 Somewhat satisfied 1585 4 Very satisfied 518 Q14 Conditions worse/better 14. Would you say that your own living conditions are worse, the same, or better than other Nigerians? Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Much worse 31 2 Worse 231 3 About the same 982 4 Better 1926 5 Much better 371 9 Don't know 62 Q15 Satisfied five years ago 15. When you look at your life today, how satisfied do you feel compared with five years ago? 3603 1 9 1 Much less satisfied 249 2 Slightly less satisfied 505 3 About the same 399 4 Slightly more satisfied 1722 5 Much more satisfied 712 9 Don't know 16 Q16 Satisfied future 16. When you look forward at your life’s prospects, how satisfied do you expect to be in one year’s time? 3603 1 9 1 Much less satisfied 40 2 Slightly less satisfied 69 3 About the same 201 4 Slightly more satisfied 998 5 Much more satisfied 2122 9 Don't know 173 Q17 Responsible economic conditions 17. In your opinion, who is responsible for the current economic conditions in Nigeria? 3603 1 9 1 The previous government 2434 2 The current government 533 3 The IMF/World Bank 24 4 We, the people 349 5 Structural Adjustment Programme 18 6 Internal opposition forces/OPC 12 7 International economic forces 7 8 Others (God/satan/demons/economy influenced by the devil) 8 9 Don't know 218 Q18A Handling jobs 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? A. Creating jobs 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 625 2 Fairly Badly 848 3 Fairly Well 1660 4 Very Well 306 9 Don't Know 164 Q18B Handling prices 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? B. Keeping prices low 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 611 2 Fairly Badly 814 3 Fairly Well 1582 4 Very Well 519 9 Don't Know 77 Q18C Handling gaps 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? C. Narrowing income gaps between rich and poor 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 901 2 Fairly Badly 1050 3 Fairly Well 1195 4 Very Well 228 9 Don't Know 229 Q18D Handling crime 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? D. Reducing crime 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 617 2 Fairly Badly 650 3 Fairly Well 1710 4 Very Well 519 9 Don't Know 107 Q18E Handling educational 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? E. Addressing the educational needs of all Nigerians 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 550 2 Fairly Badly 726 3 Fairly Well 1721 4 Very Well 489 9 Don't Know 117 Q18F Handling basic 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? F. Improving basic health services 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 511 2 Fairly Badly 691 3 Fairly Well 1835 4 Very Well 462 9 Don't Know 104 Q18G Handling food security 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? G. Assuring that all Nigerians have enough to eat. 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 692 2 Fairly Badly 839 3 Fairly Well 1589 4 Very Well 373 9 Don't Know 110 Q18H Handling corruption 18. How well would you say the government is handling the following problems? H. Fighting corruption in government 3603 1 9 1 Very Badly 535 2 Fairly Badly 591 3 Fairly Well 1627 4 Very Well 686 9 Don't Know 164 Q19 Government performance 19. What is your overall assessment of the performance of the current government? 3603 1 9 1 Very bad 49 2 Bad 143 3 Neither bad nor good 400 4 Good 2387 5 Very good 563 9 Don't know 61 Q20A How long promises 20. How long do you think it will take: A. before the government fulfills the promises it has made? 3603 1 9 1 With two years 1294 2 With four years 1257 3 With eight years 362 4 More than eight years 213 5 Never 91 9 Don't know 386 Q20B How long living standards 20. How long do you think it will take: B. before your own living standards meet your expectations? 3603 1 9 1 With two years 1942 2 With four years 801 3 With eight years 228 4 More than eight years 173 5 Never 30 9 Don't know 429 Q21A Radio news 21. How often do you get news from: A. The radio? 3603 0 9 0 Never 426 1 Less than once a month 141 2 About once a month 135 3 About once a week 340 4 Several times a week 982 5 Every day 1568 9 Don't Know 11 Q21B TV news 21. How often do you get news from: B. The Television? 3603 0 9 0 Never 1057 1 Less than once a month 218 2 About once a month 141 3 About once a week 317 4 Several times a week 777 5 Every day 1067 9 Don't Know 26 Q21C Newspaper 21. How often do you get news from: C. Newspaper? 3603 0 9 0 Never 1919 1 Less than once a month 318 2 About once a month 216 3 About once a week 344 4 Several times a week 356 5 Every day 392 9 Don't Know 58 Q22A Radio consequence 22. In your opinion, do these various news sources promote public understanding on important issues or do they stir up conflict among people? A. Radio Enumerator coded only for news sources that respondent used, otherwise coded as 0, not applicable. 3603 0 9 0 Not applicable 426 1 Promote Understanding 2882 2 Neither 151 3 Stir Up Conflict 133 9 Don't Know 11 Q22B TV consequence 22. In your opinion, do these various news sources promote public understanding on important issues or do they stir up conflict among people? B. Television Enumerator coded only for news sources that respondent used, otherwise coded as 0, not applicable. 3603 0 9 0 Not applicable 1057 1 Promote Understanding 2284 2 Neither 144 3 Stir Up Conflict 92 9 Don't Know 26 Q22C Newspaper consequence 22. In your opinion, do these various news sources promote public understanding on important issues or do they stir up conflict among people? C. Newspapers Enumerator coded only for news sources that respondent used, otherwise coded as 0, not applicable. 3603 0 9 0 Not applicable 1919 1 Promote Understanding 1254 2 Neither 162 3 Stir Up Conflict 210 9 Don't Know 58 Q23 Interested in politics 23. How interested are you in politics and government? 3603 0 9 0 Not interested 1267 1 Somewhat interested 1396 2 Very interested 910 9 Don't know 30 Q24 Discuss politics 24. How often do you discuss politics and government with other people? 3603 0 9 0 Never 1202 1 Sometimes 1770 2 Often 586 9 Don't know 45 Q25A Name LG Chairman The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 3603 0 9 0 Incorrect 239 1 Correct 1545 9 Don't know 1819 Q25B Name HR Member The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 3603 0 99 0 Incorrect 311 1 Correct 292 9 Don't know 2999 99 Missing Data 1 Q25C Name Governor The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 3603 0 9 0 Incorrect 60 1 Correct 3149 9 Don't know 394 Q25D Name Finance Minister The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 3603 0 99 0 Incorrect 64 1 Correct 564 9 Don't know 2974 99 Missing Data 1 Q25E Name Vice-President The enumerator wrote down the names given by the respondent, if any, and the supervisor coded the responses as 0 (incorrect) or 1 (correct). Blank responses were later postcoded as 9 (Don’t know). 3603 0 9 0 Incorrect 62 1 Correct 2016 9 Don't know 1525 Q26A Trad rulers and government 3603 1 9 1 Same 775 2 Different 2726 9 Don't know 102 Q26B Army and government 3603 1 9 1 Same 775 2 Different 2708 9 Don't know 120 Q26C Political party and government 3603 1 9 1 Same 1471 2 Different 1984 9 Don't know 148 Q26D Federal government and local government 3603 1 9 1 Same 1507 2 Different 1980 9 Don't know 116 Q27 Influence others? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1206 2 A, Somewhat 1059 3 B, Somewhat 326 4 B, Strongly 409 5 DNAE 467 9 Don't know 136 Q28 Cannot understand? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1398 2 A, Somewhat 1046 3 B, Somewhat 412 4 B, Strongly 617 5 DNAE 78 9 Don't know 52 Q29 Represntatives listen The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 964 2 A, Somewhat 733 3 B, Somewhat 683 4 B, Strongly 1065 5 DNAE 72 9 Don't know 86 Q30 Respect authority? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 618 2 A, Somewhat 381 3 B, Somewhat 782 4 B, Strongly 1730 5 DNAE 47 9 Don't know 45 Q31 Not get any better? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 363 2 A, Somewhat 219 3 B, Somewhat 784 4 B, Strongly 2129 5 DNAE 65 9 Don't know 43 Q32 Meaning of Democracy? 32. When you hear the word “democracy,” what is the first thing that comes to your mind? The enumerator prompted if necessary: “What, if anything, does ‘democracy’ mean to you?” 3603 0 40 0 Civilian politics or government 605 1 Civil liberties/personal freedom 496 2 Political/electoral rights 506 3 128 4 Government of the people, by the people and for the people 1368 5 Peace and unity 155 6 Good governance/Govt that can make thing happen 36 7 Other good 26 8 Equality/Justice 28 31 Conflict and confusion 9 32 Corruption, abuse of power 14 33 Social or economic hardship 4 34 Govt of the rich/Govt of special interest 3 35 It is poorly implemented in Nigeria 0 39 Other neutral or unclear 2 40 Don't know 223 Q33A Majority rules Q33a Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very important 1738 2 Important 1343 3 Not very important 286 4 Not at all important 118 9 Don't know 118 Q33B Free to criticize Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very important 1663 2 Important 1311 3 Not very important 380 4 Not at all important 140 9 Don't know 109 Q33C Regular elections Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very important 1635 2 Important 1231 3 Not very important 497 4 Not at all important 138 9 Don't know 102 Q33D Parties compete Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very Important 1913 2 Important 1292 3 Not Very Important 233 4 Not At All Important 73 9 Don't Know 92 Q33E Basic necessities Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very important 2526 2 Important 835 3 Not very important 126 4 Not at all important 50 9 Don't know 66 Q33F Jobs for everyone Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very important 2640 2 Important 765 3 Not very important 97 4 Not at all important 35 9 Don't know 66 Q33G Educ. for everyone Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 99 1 Very important 2670 2 Important 749 3 Not very important 85 4 Not at all important 37 9 Don't know 61 99 Missing Data 1 Q33H Small gap Enumerator probed for strength of opinion 3603 1 9 1 Very important 2058 2 Important 892 3 Not very important 349 4 Not at all important 178 9 Don't know 126 Q34 Change good or bad? 34. In your opinion, was the change to democracy in 1999 good or bad for the country? Enumerator probed to see how strongly opinion is held. 3603 1 9 1 Very bad 27 2 Bad 43 3 Neither bad nor good 149 4 Good 1996 5 Very good 1337 9 Don't Know 51 Q35 Nigeria democracy? 35. In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Nigeria today? The enumerator asked this question only if the respondent had some idea what democracy is. 3603 0 99 0 Not a democracy 45 1 Major problems, but still a democracy 1643 2 Minor problems, but still a democracy 1204 3 Full democracy 619 9 Not applicable 91 99 Missing Data 1 Q36 Support for democracy 3603 1 99 1 Democracy is preferable to any other form of government 2915 2 In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be pr 330 3 To people like me, it doesn't matter what form of government 345 99 Missing Data 13 Q37 Allow expression? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 451 2 A, Somewhat 399 3 B, Somewhat 601 4 B, Strongly 2081 5 DNAE 17 9 Don't know 54 Q38 Permitted to vote? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1907 2 A, Somewhat 725 3 B, Somewhat 255 4 B, Strongly 631 5 DNAE 66 9 Don't know 19 Q39 President change constitution? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 369 2 A, Somewhat 317 3 B, Somewhat 413 4 B, Strongly 2425 5 DNAE 26 9 Don't know 53 Q40 Violence O.K? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 455 2 A, Somewhat 456 3 B, Somewhat 687 4 B, Strongly 1804 5 DNAE 118 9 Don't know 83 Q41 Best form of government? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying: “Now we will return to pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 99 1 A, Strongly 1430 2 A, Somewhat 362 3 B, Somewhat 347 4 B, Strongly 1411 5 DNAE 30 9 Don't know 21 99 Missing Data 2 Q42A Elections and parties 3603 1 99 1 1 34 2 2 46 3 3 51 4 4 90 5 5 330 6 6 459 7 7 588 8 8 790 9 9 482 10 10 729 99 Missing Data 4 Q42B Military rule 3603 1 10 1 1 1836 2 2 600 3 3 372 4 4 276 5 5 234 6 6 113 7 7 66 8 8 50 9 9 29 10 10 27 Q42C Colonial system 3603 1 99 1 1 838 2 2 454 3 3 456 4 4 414 5 5 452 6 6 257 7 7 190 8 8 220 9 9 113 10 10 208 99 Missing Data 1 Q42D Traditional system 3603 1 10 1 1 741 2 2 515 3 3 431 4 4 459 5 5 525 6 6 305 7 7 206 8 8 199 9 9 100 10 10 122 Q42E Future system 3603 1 10 1 1 38 2 2 22 3 3 30 4 4 42 5 5 99 6 6 104 7 7 147 8 8 412 9 9 593 10 10 2116 Q43A Free to say 3603 1 9 1 Much Worse 18 2 Somewhat Worse 77 3 No Change 270 4 Somewhat Better 1994 5 Much Better 1211 9 Don't know 33 Q43B Join any organization 3603 1 9 1 Much Worse 16 2 Somewhat Worse 79 3 No Change 376 4 Somewhat Better 1922 5 Much Better 1155 9 Don't know 55 Q43C Free to choose 3603 1 9 1 Much Worse 22 2 Somewhat Worse 81 3 No Change 345 4 Somewhat Better 1772 5 Much Better 1340 9 Don't know 43 Q43D Influence government 3603 1 9 1 Much Worse 68 2 Somewhat Worse 170 3 No Change 861 4 Somewhat Better 1632 5 Much Better 753 9 Don't know 119 Q43E Treated equally 3603 1 9 1 Much Worse 113 2 Somewhat Worse 205 3 No Change 886 4 Somewhat Better 1610 5 Much Better 734 9 Don't know 55 Q43F Adequate living standard 3603 1 9 1 Much Worse 141 2 Somewhat Worse 237 3 No Change 1040 4 Somewhat Better 1530 5 Much Better 604 9 Don't know 51 Q44A Strong leader 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 1854 2 Disagree 1153 3 Agree 361 4 Strongly Agree 164 9 Don't Know 70 99 Missing Data 1 Q44B One political party 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 1925 2 Disagree 1260 3 Agree 235 4 Strongly Agree 95 9 Don't Know 88 Q44C Army come in 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 2521 2 Disagree 723 3 Agree 186 4 Strongly Agree 112 9 Don't Know 61 Q44D Government by experts 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 412 2 Disagree 500 3 Agree 1207 4 Strongly Agree 1311 9 Don't Know 173 Q45 Satisfaction with democracy 45. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the way democracy works in Nigeria? 3603 1 99 1 Very dissatisfied 117 2 Somewhat dissatisfied 398 3 Somewhat satisfied 2092 4 Very satisfied 920 9 Don't know 75 99 Missing Data 1 Q46 Deal with inherited problems The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed by asking, “Do you agree strongly or somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1733 2 A, Somewhat 1130 3 B, Somewhat 219 4 B, Strongly 371 5 DNAE 68 9 DK 82 Q47A Economic runs badly Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 1303 2 Disagree 1625 3 Agree 403 4 Strongly Agree 100 9 Don't know 172 Q47B Indecisive squabbling Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 1054 2 Disagree 1478 3 Agree 737 4 Strongly Agree 152 9 Don't know 182 Q47C maintaining order Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 1037 2 Disagree 1544 3 Agree 671 4 Strongly Agree 199 9 Don't know 152 Q47D Problems, but better? Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 122 2 Disagree 246 3 Agree 1274 4 Strongly Agree 1848 9 Don't know 113 Q48 Trust generally 48. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you must be very careful in dealing with people? 3603 1 99 1 Most people can be trusted 549 2 You must be very careful 3010 9 Don't know 43 99 Missing Data 1 Q49A Trust relatives Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 226 2 I distrust them somewhat 307 3 I trust them somewhat 1471 4 I trust them a lot 1594 9 Don't know 5 Q49B Trust neighbors Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 375 2 I distrust them somewhat 566 3 I trust them somewhat 1752 4 I trust them a lot 900 9 Don't know 10 Q49C Trust own tribe Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 431 2 I distrust them somewhat 772 3 I trust them somewhat 1750 4 I trust them a lot 625 9 Don't know 25 Q49D Trust other tribes Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 648 2 I distrust them somewhat 1032 3 I trust them somewhat 1489 4 I trust them a lot 396 9 Don't know 38 Q49e Trust President Enumerator probed to see whether or not views were held strongly. 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 281 2 I distrust them somewhat 450 3 I trust them somewhat 1705 4 I trust them a lot 1087 9 Don't know 80 Q50A Trust chiefs 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 720 2 I distrust them somewhat 747 3 I trust them somewhat 1408 4 I trust them a lot 685 9 Don't know 43 Q50B Trust Local Government 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 689 2 I distrust them somewhat 811 3 I trust them somewhat 1536 4 I trust them a lot 523 9 Don't know 44 Q50C Trust police 3603 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all 1862 2 I distrust them somewhat 663 3 I trust them somewhat 720 4 I trust them a lot 340 9 Don't know 17 99 Missing Data 1 Q50d Trust Law courts 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 824 2 I distrust them somewhat 790 3 I trust them somewhat 1460 4 I trust them a lot 470 9 Don't know 59 Q50E Trust political parties 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 857 2 I distrust them somewhat 849 3 I trust them somewhat 1406 4 I trust them a lot 424 9 Don't know 67 Q50F Trust army 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 1405 2 I distrust them somewhat 832 3 I trust them somewhat 977 4 I trust them a lot 353 9 Don't know 36 Q50G Trust National Assembly 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 708 2 I distrust them somewhat 716 3 I trust them somewhat 1569 4 I trust them a lot 503 9 Don't know 107 Q50H Trust Electoral Commission 3603 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all 606 2 I distrust them somewhat 635 3 I trust them somewhat 1689 4 I trust them a lot 538 9 Don't know 132 99 Missing Data 3 Q51A Trust churches 3603 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all 461 2 I distrust them somewhat 403 3 I trust them somewhat 1292 4 I trust them a lot 1352 9 Don't know 94 99 Missing Data 1 Q51B Trust mosques 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 549 2 I distrust them somewhat 417 3 I trust them somewhat 924 4 I trust them a lot 1489 9 Don't know 224 Q51C Trust trade/farmer unions 3603 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all 379 2 I distrust them somewhat 629 3 I trust them somewhat 1627 4 I trust them a lot 802 9 Don't know 165 99 Missing Data 1 Q51D Trust NGOs 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 343 2 I distrust them somewhat 550 3 I trust them somewhat 1699 4 I trust them a lot 754 9 Don't know 257 Q51E Trust Banks 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 313 2 I distrust them somewhat 453 3 I trust them somewhat 1795 4 I trust them a lot 939 9 Don't know 103 Q51F Trust Businesses 3603 1 9 1 I do not trust them at all 387 2 I distrust them somewhat 574 3 I trust them somewhat 1785 4 I trust them a lot 766 9 Don't know 91 Q52A Throwing rubbish 3603 0 9 0 Never 86 1 Occasionally 478 2 Most of the time 1086 3 Always 1896 9 Don't know 57 Q52B Traffic signs 3603 0 9 0 Never 144 1 Occasionally 645 2 Most of the time 1377 3 Always 1247 9 Don't know 190 Q52C Trader's licence 3603 0 9 0 Never 119 1 Occasionally 719 2 Most of the time 1356 3 Always 1239 9 Don't know 170 Q52D Water fees 3603 0 9 0 Never 219 1 Occasionally 897 2 Most of the time 1275 3 Always 1012 9 Don't know 200 Q52E Income taxes 3603 0 9 0 Never 152 1 Occasionally 838 2 Most of the time 1319 3 Always 1101 9 Don't know 193 Q52F Offering bribes 3603 0 9 0 Never 92 1 Occasionally 438 2 Most of the time 1050 3 Always 1902 9 Don't know 121 Q53 SAP 53. Have you ever heard about the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP)? Enumerator prompted, if necessary, “You know, the reforms to the economy introduced in the 1980s.” If answer is no, enumerator goes to question 56. 3603 0 99 0 No 2151 1 Yes 1451 99 Missing Data 1 Q54 SAP supposed to do 54. What, in your opinion ,is the Structural Adjustment Programme supposed to do? 3603 0 97 0 Don't know 210 1 Improve the economy 311 2 Improve living conditions 361 3 Increase jobs and/or productivity 46 4 102 5 Reform economic institutions 110 6 Provide government services 19 7 To make goods available 86 8 To bring the country together 2 9 Self reliance 102 10 Other good 6 11 Increase investment 9 12 To reduce inflation 52 13 Hardwork 9 14 To develop our own natural resources 6 15 To promote financial transparency 2 16 To protect peoples health 1 31 8 32 To benefit the rich 2 33 Devaluation of currency 2 34 Increase inflation 1 35 Corruption, looting etc 4 36 Just politics 0 97 Not Applicable 2152 Q55 Satisfied SAP 55. How satisfied or unsatisfied are you with the SAP? 3603 0 9 0 Not applicable 2181 1 Very unsatisfied 494 2 Unsatisfied 471 3 Neutral 137 4 Satisfied 168 5 Very satisfied 37 9 Don't know 115 Q56 Not wise to plan? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am again going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 99 1 A, Strongly 666 2 A, Somewhat 498 3 B, Somewhat 520 4 B, Strongly 1874 5 DNAE 29 9 Don't know 15 99 Missing Data 1 Q57 Own success in life? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1018 2 A, Somewhat 530 3 B, Somewhat 639 4 B, Strongly 1362 5 DNAE 39 9 Don't know 15 Q58 Provide employment? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1023 2 A, Somewhat 519 3 B, Somewhat 521 4 B, Strongly 1499 5 DNAE 27 9 Don't know 14 Q59 Free to earn? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1255 2 A, Somewhat 731 3 B, Somewhat 559 4 B, Strongly 853 5 DNAE 136 9 Don't know 69 Q60 Own land? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 535 2 A, Somewhat 306 3 B, Somewhat 677 4 B, Strongly 2035 5 DNAE 39 9 Don't know 11 Q61 Start new business? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “I am now going to give you several pairs of statements. Please tell me which one you agree with most. Choose Statement A or Statement B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 322 2 A, Somewhat 280 3 B, Somewhat 795 4 B, Strongly 2128 5 DNAE 42 9 Don't know 36 Q62A Protecting borders 3603 1 7 1 Government 3275 2 Private Companies 18 3 Individuals 39 4 Government and Businesses 60 5 Government and Individuals 155 6 Businesses and Individuals 6 7 All three 50 Q62B Building house 3603 1 7 1 Government 379 2 Private Companies 106 3 Individuals 2374 4 Government and Businesses 57 5 Government and Individuals 555 6 Businesses and Individuals 37 7 All three 95 Q62C Agricultural credit 3603 1 7 1 Government 2195 2 Private Companies 39 3 Individuals 84 4 Government and Businesses 731 5 Government and Individuals 368 6 Businesses and Individuals 38 7 All three 148 Q62D Producing oil 3603 1 99 1 Government 1985 2 Private Companies 148 3 Individuals 74 4 Government and Businesses 830 5 Government and Individuals 311 6 Businesses and Individuals 53 7 All three 201 99 Missing Data 1 Q62E Selling consumer goods 3603 1 7 1 Government 739 2 Private Companies 133 3 Individuals 1095 4 Government and Businesses 300 5 Government and Individuals 479 6 Businesses and Individuals 506 7 All three 351 Q62F Providing school/clinics 3603 1 7 1 Government 2470 2 Private Companies 23 3 Individuals 32 4 Government and Businesses 313 5 Government and Individuals 391 6 Businesses and Individuals 38 7 All three 336 Q62G Creating jobs 3603 1 7 1 Government 2409 2 Private Companies 21 3 Individuals 18 4 Government and Businesses 442 5 Government and Individuals 253 6 Businesses and Individuals 27 7 All three 433 Q62H Reducing crime 3603 1 7 1 Government 2401 2 Private Companies 20 3 Individuals 26 4 Government and Businesses 61 5 Government and Individuals 473 6 Businesses and Individuals 14 7 All three 608 Q63 Goods available? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1235 2 A, Somewhat 772 3 B, Somewhat 459 4 B, Strongly 751 5 DNAE 362 9 Don't know 24 Q64 Free schooling? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 571 2 A, Somewhat 379 3 B, Somewhat 699 4 B, Strongly 1771 5 DNAE 162 9 Don't know 21 Q65 Civil servants jobs? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1615 2 A, Somewhat 1018 3 B, Somewhat 295 4 B, Strongly 393 5 DNAE 212 9 Don't know 70 Q66 Own factories? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 1386 2 A, Somewhat 803 3 B, Somewhat 529 4 B, Strongly 724 5 DNAE 87 9 Don't know 74 Q67 Foreign investments? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 99 1 A, Strongly 1874 2 A, Somewhat 773 3 B, Somewhat 340 4 B, Strongly 547 5 DNAE 26 9 Don't know 42 99 Missing Data 1 Q68 Change economic policies? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 965 2 A, Somewhat 802 3 B, Somewhat 564 4 B, Strongly 1046 5 DNAE 114 9 Don't know 112 Q69 Few have suffered? The enumerator introduced the pair of statements by saying, “Once again, please choose whether you agree most with Statement A or B.” Then, the enumerator probed, “Do you agree strongly or just somewhat?” 3603 1 9 1 A, Strongly 702 2 A, Somewhat 504 3 B, Somewhat 508 4 B, Strongly 1654 5 DNAE 126 9 Don't know 109 Q70 Which group has benefited 70. In your opinion, which group has benefited the most? The enumerator only asked this question if the respondent chose 69B. 3603 1 97 1 People close to the government 1815 2 Foreign businesses 54 3 Rural dwellers 19 4 People in selected regions of Nigeria 47 5 Other 4 10 Northern region/Hausas 61 13 The southerners 4 31 The elites 7 32 The rich 56 33 The poor 1 34 Students 1 35 Salary earners 3 36 The Egba's 0 37 Politicians 6 38 Representative of national assembly 1 39 Army/military 2 40 The influential people/upper class 3 41 Govt officers/ministers and commissioners 5 42 People in the urban areas 1 43 Yorubas 24 44 Employed people 0 45 Farmers 0 46 Contractors 1 47 Church 0 48 Igbos 1 49 Rural areas 1 50 Traditional rulers 1 51 Computer engineer 0 52 Don't know 43 97 Not Applicable 1442 Q71 Registered voter 71. Are you a registered voter? 3603 0 1 0 No 804 1 Yes 2799 Q72 Why not registered If answer to question 71 is yes, then the enumerator enters 0= not applicable. Enumerator then goes to Question 75 72. [If no] Why not? 3603 0 99 0 Not applicable 2799 1 Missed registration 83 2 Ill health 53 3 Absent from area 123 4 Registration process was not credible 40 5 Voter card not available 82 6 Under 18 during registration 87 7 Not interested in voting 212 8 Otherwise engaged 101 9 My family do not allow me to register 17 10 Not properly informed 1 11 Can't vote without eating 1 12 Old age 1 99 Missing Data 3 Q73A Voted President 3603 0 97 0 No 415 1 Yes 2384 97 Not Applicable 804 Q73B Voted at Assembly 3603 0 97 0 No 757 1 Yes 2042 97 Not Applicable 804 Q73C Voted state assembly 3603 0 97 0 No 417 1 Yes 2382 97 Not Applicable 804 Q73D Voted local government 3603 0 97 0 No 500 1 Yes 2299 97 Not Applicable 804 Q74 Individual or party 74. When you voted for the National Assembly, did you vote for an individual or for a political party? Enumerator asked only if respondent answered “yes” to Question 63A or B. 3603 1 97 1 Individual 886 2 Party 1142 9 Don't know 14 97 Not Applicable 1561 Q75A Presidential elections honest 3603 1 9 1 Very Dishonestly 179 2 Somewhat Dishonestly 379 3 Quite Honestly 1751 4 Very Honestly 1002 9 Don't Know 292 Q75B State elections honest 3603 1 99 1 Very Dishonestly 184 2 Somewhat Dishonestly 349 3 Quite Honestly 1641 4 Very Honestly 1127 9 Don't Know 300 99 Missing Data 2 Q76A National Rep performance 3603 1 9 1 Very unsatisfied 438 2 Somewhat unsatisfied 729 3 Somewhat satisfied 1546 4 Very satisfied 547 9 Don't know 343 Q76B State Rep performance 3603 1 9 1 Very unsatisfied 434 2 Somewhat unsatisfied 749 3 Somewhat satisfied 1544 4 Very satisfied 536 9 Don't know 340 Q76C Governor performance 3603 1 9 1 Very unsatisfied 382 2 Somewhat unsatisfied 550 3 Somewhat satisfied 1657 4 Very satisfied 929 9 Don't know 85 Q76D LG Chair performance 3603 1 9 1 Very unsatisfied 385 2 Somewhat unsatisfied 637 3 Somewhat satisfied 1650 4 Very satisfied 760 9 Don't know 171 Q76E Judge/lawyer performance 3603 0 9 0 Not Applicable 1537 1 Very unsatisfied 187 2 Somewhat unsatisfied 305 3 Somewhat satisfied 912 4 Very satisfied 427 9 Don't know 235 Q76F Party performance 3603 1 9 1 Very unsatisfied 332 2 Somewhat unsatisfied 642 3 Somewhat satisfied 1701 4 Very satisfied 597 9 Don't know 331 Q77A Attend community meeting 3603 0 3 0 Never 1973 1 Only once 188 2 Sometimes 1051 3 Often 391 Q77B Raise an issue 3603 0 3 0 Never 1655 1 Only once 201 2 Sometimes 1346 3 Often 401 Q77C Attend election rally 3603 0 3 0 Never 2898 1 Only once 216 2 Sometimes 402 3 Often 87 Q77D Work for candidate 3603 0 3 0 Never 3146 1 Only once 128 2 Sometimes 251 3 Often 78 Q77E Sign petition 3603 0 3 0 Never 3487 1 Only once 43 2 Sometimes 51 3 Often 22 Q77F Write newspaper 3603 0 3 0 Never 3391 1 Only once 73 2 Sometimes 107 3 Often 32 Q77G Attend demonstration 3603 0 3 0 Never 3345 1 Only once 102 2 Sometimes 132 3 Often 24 Q78A Contact trad. ruler 3603 0 99 0 Never 2969 1 Only once 212 2 Sometimes 384 3 Often 37 99 Missing Data 1 Q78B Contact LG Chair 3603 0 3 0 Never 3159 1 Only once 189 2 Sometimes 233 3 Often 22 Q78c Contact Nat. Rep. 3603 0 3 0 Never 3524 1 Only once 31 2 Sometimes 39 3 Often 9 Q78D Contact State Rep. 3603 0 3 0 Never 3507 1 Only once 33 2 Sometimes 54 3 Often 9 Q78E Contact government official 3603 0 3 0 Never 3147 1 Only once 145 2 Sometimes 276 3 Often 35 Q78F Contact religious leader 3603 0 3 0 Never 1845 1 Only once 205 2 Sometimes 1195 3 Often 358 Q78G Contact influential person 3603 0 3 0 Never 1845 1 Only once 205 2 Sometimes 1195 3 Often 358 Q79A Follow religion 3603 0 9 0 Nothing 346 1 Contact an elected representative 235 2 Support an opposition party 698 3 Join a protest or boycott 2088 4 Other 112 8 Support the government 67 9 Don't know 57 Q79B Stop travel 3603 0 9 0 Nothing 725 1 Contact an elected representative 249 2 Support an opposition party 665 3 Join a protest or boycott 1835 4 Other 31 8 Support the government 51 9 Don't know 47 Q79C Shut newspapers 3603 0 9 0 Nothing 1604 1 Contact an elected representative 204 2 Support an opposition party 536 3 Join a protest or boycott 1076 4 Other 8 8 Support the government 86 9 Don't know 89 Q79D Dismiss judges 3603 0 9 0 Nothing 1673 1 Contact an elected representative 198 2 Support an opposition party 510 3 Join a protest or boycott 991 4 Other 10 8 Support the government 121 9 Don't know 100 Q79E Cancel elections 3603 0 99 0 Nothing 1598 1 Contact an elected representative 169 2 Support an opposition party 515 3 Join a protest or boycott 1128 4 Other 16 8 Support the government 64 9 Don't know 112 99 Missing Data 1 Q80 People in high places 80. “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” The best way to get ahead in this life is to have contacts with important people in high places. 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 449 2 Disagree 822 3 Agree 1466 4 Strongly Agree 813 9 Don't know 52 99 Missing Data 1 Q81 Look after the interests 81. “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Politicians and civil servants are trying their best to look after the interests of people like me. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 592 2 Disagree 1084 3 Agree 1408 4 Strongly Agree 390 9 Don't know 129 Q82 President fights corruption 82. “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Rather than protecting his friends, the President will fight corruption wherever he finds it. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 133 2 Disagree 519 3 Agree 1847 4 Strongly Agree 895 9 Don't know 209 Q83 Bribery not common 83. “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Bribery is not common among public officials in Nigeria. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 1666 2 Disagree 972 3 Agree 540 4 Strongly Agree 338 9 Don't know 87 Q84 President's region 84. “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” The President’s region of the country gets more government services than any other region. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 657 2 Disagree 1252 3 Agree 942 4 Strongly Agree 432 9 Don't know 320 Q85 Corruption worse 85. “Please say whether you agree or disagree with the following statements. There are no right or wrong answers. Just tell me what you think.” Corruption was a worse problem under the old military government than these days. 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 211 2 Disagree 318 3 Agree 1113 4 Strongly Agree 1861 9 Don't know 99 99 Missing Data 1 Q86 How often bribe 86. How often, if ever, has a public official asked you for a bribe or a favor in return for getting something you were entitled to? 3603 0 3 0 Never 2609 1 Once 190 2 A few times 514 3 Often 290 Q87A Which office(s) 87A. Which office(s) or agency(ies) did the official work for? (1st group mentioned) Enumerator asked the question only if respondent answers 1, 2, or 3 to Question 86. Respondent may give up to two responses. 3603 1 99 1 Local government 81 2 School/Teachers 33 3 Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) 7 4 West African Examination Council (W.A.E.C) 10 5 National Electric Power Authority (N.E.P.A) 116 6 Hospitals 4 7 Police/Law enforcement agencies 510 8 Army 9 9 Government agencies/paraministry 19 10 Customs 8 11 Nitel 2 12 Licence office 2 13 Water Corporation 6 14 Federal Secretariat 2 15 Immigration 19 16 Private Organisation 1 17 Task Force 6 18 Road Safety Corps 9 19 University/college (Lecturer) 20 20 Nigerian Port Authority (NPA) 2 21 National Population Commission (NPC) 1 22 Post Office 1 23 Court 9 24 State Liaison Offices 0 25 Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (N.N.P.C) 2 26 Nigerian Airways 1 27 Ministry of Communication 2 28 Cabinet office/Parmanent secretary 3 29 Ministry of Education/Education board 35 30 Ministry of Works 9 31 Internal affairs ministry 5 32 National Profident Fund 1 33 Revenue Board (Tax collectors) 11 34 Civil Defence 3 35 Ministry of Health/Health officer 12 36 N.Y.S.C Office 1 37 Accountant general officer 0 38 Agric ministry 0 39 Business Premises 0 40 Ministry of establishment 1 41 Minister of sports 2 42 Political party 1 43 V.I.O 2 44 Banks workers 3 45 Insurance Agency 2 46 Ministry of Petroleum 2 47 Ministry of employment 0 48 INEC (electoral officers) 1 49 Women center 1 50 NURTW 1 51 Traditional council 2 52 Nigerian Airforce 0 53 WRECA 1 54 NDLEA (Drug abuse) 1 55 Ministry of finance 6 56 Ministry of information 2 57 Nig. Airport Authority 1 58 Vigilante group 0 99 Missing Data 2612 Q87B Which office(s) 87B. Which office(s) or agency(ies) did the official work for? (2nd office mentioned) Enumerator asked the question only if respondent answers 1, 2, or 3 to Question 86. Respondent may give up to two responses. 3603 1 99 1 Local government 38 2 School/Teachers 4 3 Joint Admission Matriculation Board (JAMB) 2 4 West African Examination Council (W.A.E.C) 4 5 National Electric Power Authority (N.E.P.A) 39 6 Hospitals 4 7 Police/Law enforcement agencies 87 8 Army 10 9 Government agencies/paraministry 4 10 Customs 18 11 Nitel 7 12 Licence office 4 13 Water Corporation 8 14 Federal Secretariat 6 15 Immigration 7 16 Private Organisation 3 17 Task Force 4 18 Road Safety Corps 6 19 University/college (Lecturer) 9 20 Nigerian Port Authority (NPA) 1 21 National Population Commission (NPC) 1 22 Post Office 4 23 Court 6 24 State Liaison Offices 1 25 Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (N.N.P.C) 2 26 Nigerian Airways 2 27 Ministry of Communication 0 28 Cabinet office/Parmanent secretary 0 29 Ministry of Education/Education board 6 30 Ministry of Works 3 31 Internal affairs ministry 1 32 National Profident Fund 0 33 Revenue Board (Tax collectors) 2 34 Civil Defence 0 35 Ministry of Health/Health officer 3 36 N.Y.S.C Office 0 37 Accountant general officer 1 38 Agric ministry 1 39 Business Premises 1 40 Ministry of establishment 0 41 Minister of sports 0 42 Political party 0 43 V.I.O 2 44 Banks workers 0 45 Insurance Agency 0 46 Ministry of Petroleum 1 47 Ministry of employment 1 48 INEC (electoral officers) 0 49 Women center 0 50 NURTW 0 51 Traditional council 1 52 Nigerian Airforce 0 53 WRECA 0 54 NDLEA (Drug abuse) 1 55 Ministry of finance 0 56 Ministry of information 0 57 Nig. Airport Authority 0 58 Vigilante group 1 99 Missing Data 3297 Q88A No one attacked or robbed Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 0 97 0 No, no-one 2167 97 Not Applicable 1436 Q88A Friend attacked or robbed Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 1 97 1 Friend or acquaintance 935 97 Not Applicable 2668 Q88A Family attacked or robbed Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 2 97 2 Family member 460 97 Not Applicable 3143 Q88A Self attacked or robbed Questions 88A was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88A1, 88A2, 88A3, and 88A4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 3 97 3 Yes, self 226 97 Not Applicable 3377 Q88B No one Home broken into Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 0 97 0 No, no-one 2183 97 Not Applicable 1420 Q88B Friend Home broken into Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 1 97 1 Friend or acquaintance 866 97 Not Applicable 2737 Q88B Family Home broken into Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 2 97 2 Family member 464 97 Not Applicable 3139 Q88B Self Home broken into Questions 88B was asked as one question, with four response options: no, no one; friend or acquaintance; family member; or yes, self. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 88B1, 88B2, 88B3, and 88B4, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 3 97 3 Yes, self 265 97 Not Applicable 3338 Q89 Safety five years ago 89. Compared with five years ago, do you feel more or less safe when walking about alone? 3603 1 99 1 Much less safe 202 2 Somewhat less safe 370 3 About the same 894 4 Somewhat more safe 1498 5 Much more safe 638 99 Missing Data 1 Q90A Report to the police 3603 0 3 0 Never 1781 1 Sometimes 1121 2 Often 318 3 Always 383 Q90B Carry a weapon 3603 0 99 0 Never 2911 1 Sometimes 468 2 Often 134 3 Always 88 99 Missing Data 2 Q90C Have other people 3603 0 99 0 Never 2355 1 Sometimes 895 2 Often 228 3 Always 123 99 Missing Data 2 Q90D Form a group 3603 0 99 0 Never 2648 1 Sometimes 527 2 Often 197 3 Always 229 99 Missing Data 2 Q91 Identity 91. We have spoken to many Nigerians and they have all described themselves in different ways. Some people describe themselves in terms of their language, ethnic groups, or religion, and others describe themselves in economic terms, such as working class, middle class, or a farmer. Besides being Nigerian, which specific group to do you feel you belong to first and foremost? 3603 1 200 1 Christian 558 2 Muslim 185 3 Clergyman/Evangelist/Pastor 2 4 Alfa 1 5 Jehovah witness 0 6 Religious followers/groups 8 7 Church choir 0 8 Free thinker 0 9 Eckist 0 10 Yoruba 841 11 Igbo/Ibo 248 12 Egba 6 13 Delta/Urhobo 38 14 Ibibio/Calabar/Efik 23 15 Edo/Ologbo 34 16 Hausa 212 17 Ijebu 0 18 Owo 1 19 Akwa Ibom 5 20 Oyo 0 21 Awori 1 22 Osun 0 23 Ekiti 3 24 Idanre 4 25 Tiv 43 26 Ijesha 1 27 Ibarapa people 1 28 Ibadan Indigenes 1 29 Igbira 2 30 Ijaw 25 31 Abriba 0 32 Annang/Annang man 7 33 Ngwa 2 34 Aguobo-owa 1 35 Enugu state 1 36 Eke 2 37 Obonohia 1 38 Okpe 2 39 Ethnic group 1 40 Isoko 4 41 Odwyn 0 42 Itsekiri 0 43 Ishan man/Esan 1 44 Auchi 1 45 Kwale 1 46 Igoto 1 47 Ikwerre 22 48 Kalabari 5 49 Efche 0 50 Okirika 1 51 Igala 6 52 Biafrar 1 53 Burah 2 54 Northerners 32 55 Eggon 3 56 Southerners 2 57 Dan Katsina 2 58 Dan Laribar Rimi 2 59 Kanuri 39 60 Fulani 18 61 Marghi 2 62 Gwori 3 63 Mandara 1 64 Goemai 1 65 Angas 1 66 Kiibo 1 67 Ngas 3 68 Niggi 1 69 Birom 5 70 Ronkwlere 3 71 Berum 11 72 Chawai 0 73 Mwaghavul 3 74 Jarawa 8 75 Ridri 1 76 Yeskwa 1 77 Ankua 0 78 Youm 0 79 Rukuba 1 80 Miamgo 1 81 Jukun 2 82 Iregwe 1 83 Mada 0 84 Kabba/Koro 1 85 Buji 0 86 Zar 1 87 Minnor 1 88 Barbari 0 89 Biru 1 90 Bagere 3 91 Ogah 1 92 Tangale 1 93 Bauchi 1 94 Gyerawa 3 95 Bagara 2 96 Sayawa 1 97 Waga 2 98 Lungada 1 99 Margi 0 100 Idoma 2 101 Fyeru 2 102 Matakun 1 103 Shuwa 1 104 Udochi 1 105 Babur 0 106 Shuwan Arab 1 107 Ortaregh 1 108 Mbalaa 1 109 Ormbalaa 1 110 Peace maker 7 111 House wife 97 112 Human right activist/campaigner 1 113 Democratic 1 114 Queen 0 115 Ordinary person 2 116 Great person 1 117 A woman 10 118 Hardworking man/lady 5 119 Responsible person 11 120 Godly people 1 121 Independent person/woman 3 122 Honest person 8 123 Ambitious person 1 124 Gentle man 6 125 Simple man 1 126 Respectful fellow 1 127 A good samaritan 2 128 Patriotic citizen 1 129 Community forum 1 130 Literate person 0 131 Considerate person 0 132 Sociable person 0 133 Sports man/Footballer 1 134 A Nigerian with conscience 0 135 Confidential person 1 136 Poor woman/man 8 137 Young adult 1 138 Elderly man/old man 4 139 Effective man 1 140 A graduate 1 141 Hajiyan 2 142 Black race 1 143 Common man 0 144 Faithful Nigerian/Loyal person 2 145 Husiter 1 146 Black man 1 147 Millionaire 1 148 Generous person 1 149 As a leader 1 150 Ethnic champion 0 151 Businessman/woman/market woman 65 152 Trader 89 153 Civil servant/Govt worker 22 154 Proffessionals 4 155 Technicians/Electrician 8 156 Teachers 25 157 Lawyers 3 158 Contractors/Bricklayers 5 159 Security man 1 160 Accountant/Chief auditor 5 161 Pharmacist 3 162 Farmer 227 163 Computer scientist 1 164 Fashion designer/tailor 20 165 Butcher 2 166 Retired man/woman 4 167 Fisher 1 168 Driver 14 169 Mechanic 8 170 Artist 3 171 Hairdresser 4 172 Nurse 6 173 Furniture maker/Carpenter 7 174 Bridgade 0 175 Engineer 6 176 Non governmental organisation (NGO) 0 177 Native doctor/Traditional healer 3 178 Unemployed/Applicant 6 179 Welder 1 180 Doctor 1 181 Soldier 2 182 Musician 1 183 Professional Architect 0 184 Trade union 1 185 Vulcanizer 1 186 Journalist 1 187 Working class 63 188 Middle class/Average Nigeria 115 189 Student/Scholar 145 190 Lower class/low income earners/masses 22 191 Upper class/rich man 7 192 Elites 3 193 Politician/Counsellors 8 194 The interlectuals 4 195 Youth 1 196 My language 1 197 Parliamentary organisation 1 198 Waizam 1 199 Dairimi 0 200 No answ 12 Q92A Proud identity Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 37 2 Disagree 34 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 30 4 Agree 759 5 Strongly Agree 2726 9 Don't know 16 99 Missing Data 1 Q92B Children identity Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 92 2 Disagree 137 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 124 4 Agree 767 5 Strongly Agree 2459 9 Don't know 24 Q92C Identity is best Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 89 2 Disagree 235 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 319 4 Agree 1004 5 Strongly Agree 1895 9 Don't know 61 Q92D Identity ties Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 46 2 Disagree 173 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 170 4 Agree 1157 5 Strongly Agree 2027 9 Don't know 30 Q92E Proud Nigerian Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 11 2 Disagree 36 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 46 4 Agree 878 5 Strongly Agree 2620 9 Don't know 10 99 Missing Data 2 Q92F Children Nigerian Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 13 2 Disagree 21 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 48 4 Agree 921 5 Strongly Agree 2584 9 Don't know 14 99 Missing Data 2 Q92G Equal Nigerian Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 9 1 Strongly Disagree 37 2 Disagree 73 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 95 4 Agree 1122 5 Strongly Agree 2244 9 Don't know 32 99 Missing Data 0 Q92H Nigerian citizens Enumerator read respondent’s identity group from Q91 in the blank space. Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 99 1 Strongly Disagree 210 2 Disagree 316 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 324 4 Agree 1318 5 Strongly Agree 1310 9 Don't know 124 99 Missing Data 1 Q93 Identity conditions 93. Are _____’s (Respondent’s Identity group from Q91) economic conditions worse, the same as, or better than other groups in this country? Enumerator probed for strength of opinion. 3603 1 99 1 Much worse 75 2 Worse 347 3 About the same 1099 4 Better 1460 5 Much better 570 9 Don't know 51 99 Missing Data 1 Q94 Identity treated fairly 94. In your opinion, how often are _______(respondent’s identity from Q91) people treated unfairly by the government. 3603 1 99 1 Always 234 2 To a large extent 497 3 To some extent 1210 4 Hardly at all 739 5 Never 754 9 Don't know 164 99 Missing Data 5 Q95 All Nigerians? 95. Do you think that the government represents the interests of all Nigerians, the interests of just a few groups, or the interests of one group only? If respondent answers 3, skip to question 97 3603 1 9 1 One group only 138 2 Just a few groups 536 3 All Nigerians 2775 9 Don't know 154 Q96 Which identity group? 1st mentioned 96A. Which groups do you mean? (1st group mentioned) Respondent may give up to 3 answers 3603 1 99 1 The governmental people/people at the corridor of power 220 2 The hausas, the yorubas and the ibos 8 3 They represent those that are in the realm of affairs 11 4 Yorubas 47 5 Their family's interest and their pocket 5 6 The elite 10 7 The upperclass/richmen/the interest of the money bag 120 8 The Hausa people/Northerners 79 9 Friends 6 10 Supporter 3 11 The ogoni people 1 12 The top military personnel 5 13 The Ibos/Igbo 1 14 The Itsekiris 1 15 The politicians 23 16 The contractors 0 17 The islamic group 3 18 Civil servant/Govt worker 15 19 Educated people/Academic literates 7 20 Poor masses 2 21 Those that are living in the urban area 3 22 The Egba's 0 23 South west 10 24 The tribe's group 4 25 People selected from a particular region 0 26 Community leaders 1 27 Kanuris 0 28 Uvwie 0 29 Edo's 1 30 Footballers 0 31 Urhobo 0 32 Eastern groups 3 33 Middle belt 1 34 Religious leaders 0 35 Merchant 0 36 Traditional rulers 4 37 Those from F.C.T 1 38 Christian 0 39 Business organisation 3 40 Women 0 41 The lucky ones 1 42 Working class 2 43 A capitalist 0 44 Medical services 1 45 Leader of the church 1 46 Leader of the mosque 0 97 Not Applicable 2926 99 Nothing/Can't say 74 Q96 Which identity group? 2nd mentioned 96B. Which groups do you mean? (2nd group mentioned) Respondent may give up to 3 answers 3603 1 97 1 The governmental people/people at the corridor of power 48 2 The hausas, the yorubas and the ibos 0 3 They represent those that are in the realm of affairs 1 4 Yorubas 30 5 Their family's interest and their pocket 7 6 The elite 4 7 The upperclass/richmen/the interest of the money bag 37 8 The Hausa people/Northerners 17 9 Friends 3 10 Supporter 2 11 The ogoni people 0 12 The top military personnel 3 13 The Ibos/Igbo 2 14 The Itsekiris 0 15 The politicians 6 16 The contractors 2 17 The islamic group 0 18 Civil servant/Govt worker 3 19 Educated people/Academic literates 3 20 Poor masses 0 21 Those that are living in the urban area 0 22 The Egba's 0 23 South west 3 24 The tribe's group 1 25 People selected from a particular region 0 26 Community leaders 1 27 Kanuris 0 28 Uvwie 0 29 Edo's 0 30 Footballers 1 31 Urhobo 0 32 Eastern groups 0 33 Middle belt 0 34 Religious leaders 0 35 Merchant 1 36 Traditional rulers 3 37 Those from F.C.T 0 38 Christian 1 39 Business organisation 2 40 Women 0 41 The lucky ones 0 42 Working class 1 43 A capitalist 2 44 Medical services 0 45 Leader of the church 0 46 Leader of the mosque 0 97 Not Applicable 3419 Q96 Which identity group? 3rd mentioned 96C. Which groups do you mean? 3rd group mentioned Respondent may give up to 3 answers 3603 1 97 1 The governmental people/people at the corridor of power 3 2 The hausas, the yorubas and the ibos 0 3 They represent those that are in the realm of affairs 0 4 Yorubas 0 5 Their family's interest and their pocket 1 6 The elite 3 7 The upperclass/richmen/the interest of the money bag 5 8 The Hausa people/Northerners 3 9 Friends 2 10 Supporter 0 11 The ogoni people 0 12 The top military personnel 2 13 The Ibos/Igbo 3 14 The Itsekiris 0 15 The politicians 2 16 The contractors 0 17 The islamic group 0 18 Civil servant/Govt worker 1 19 Educated people/Academic literates 1 20 Poor masses 0 21 Those that are living in the urban area 0 22 The Egba's 0 23 South west 0 24 The tribe's group 0 25 People selected from a particular region 0 26 Community leaders 0 27 Kanuris 1 28 Uvwie 0 29 Edo's 0 30 Footballers 0 31 Urhobo 0 32 Eastern groups 0 33 Middle belt 0 34 Religious leaders 0 35 Merchant 1 36 Traditional rulers 1 37 Those from F.C.T 0 38 Christian 0 39 Business organisation 0 40 Women 0 41 The lucky ones 0 42 Working class 0 43 A capitalist 0 44 Medical services 0 45 Leader of the church 0 46 Leader of the mosque 0 97 Not Applicable 3574 Q97 Close to party 97. Do you feel close to any political party? If no, then the enumerator goes to Question 99 after entering “0" for Question 98. 3603 0 1 0 No 2276 1 Yes 1327 Q98 Which party? Only asked if respondent answered “yes” to question 97. 98. Which one? 3603 0 9 0 Not applicable 2276 1 People's Democratic Party (PDP) 852 2 All People's Party (APP) 264 3 Alliance for Democracy (AD) 209 4 Other 0 9 Don't know 2 Q99 Monthly earnings 99. Roughly how much money do you (and your spouse together) earn per month? 3603 0 99 0 None 525 1 Less than 1,000 naira 779 2 1,000-5,000 naira 1303 3 5,000-10,000 naira 620 4 10,000-20,000 naira 233 5 20,000-30,000 naira 76 6 30,000- 40,000 naira 27 7 40,000- 50,000 naira 18 8 Over 50,000 naira 19 99 Missing Data 3 Q100 Financial situation 100. How would you describe your financial situation during the past year? Did you save money, spend all your income, spend some of your own savings, or borrow money? 3603 1 99 1 Save 761 2 Spend Income (i.e., break even) 1878 3 Spend Savings 513 4 Borrow 284 5 Spend Savings and Borrow 156 99 Missing Data 11 Q101 State 101. State Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 34 1 Abia 139 2 Adamawa 0 3 Akwa-Ibom 47 4 Anambra 0 5 Bauchi 168 6 Bayelsa 35 7 Benue 76 8 Borno 233 9 Cross River 0 10 Delta 219 11 Ebonyi 0 12 Edo 139 13 Ekiti 0 14 Enugu 251 15 F.C.T. 67 16 Gombe 0 17 Imo 0 18 Jigawa 0 19 Kaduna 0 20 Kano 375 21 Katsina 209 22 Kebbi 0 23 Kogi 0 24 Kwara 146 25 Lagos 360 26 Nassarawa 0 27 Niger 87 28 Ogun 31 29 Ondo 116 30 Osun 50 31 Oyo 277 32 Plateau 214 33 Rivers 148 34 Sokoto 216 35 Taraba 0 36 Yobe 0 37 Zamfara 0 38 No answ 0 Q102 Urban/Rural (Interviewer) 102. Generally speaking, how would you describe the locality? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 2 1 Urban 2435 2 Rural 1168 Q103 Settlement type 103. More specifically, what sort of settlement was it? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 6 1 Urban (formal) 1494 2 Suburban (formal) 937 3 Rural town 559 4 Rural village 591 5 Rural, individual homestead 18 6 Urban non-permanent, informal settlement 4 7 Rural non-permanent, informal settlement 0 8 Don't know 0 Q104 House type 104. In what type of shelter did the respondent live? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Non-traditional (formal house) 1390 2 Traditional house 1166 3 Temporary structure on own plot 60 4 Temporary structure in backyard 38 5 Flat in block of flats 405 6 Single room in larger dwelling structure 541 7 Other (Specify) 0 99 Missing Data 3 Q105 Roofing 105. What was the roof made of: Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Metal, tin, zinc 2953 2 Tiles 24 3 Shingles 18 4 Thatch 354 5 Plastic sheets 4 6 Asbestos 183 7 Multiple materials 21 99 Missing Data 46 Q106 Formality 106. How many houses within the locality are formal houses? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 9 0 None 431 1 Some 1212 2 Most 947 3 All 998 9 Don't know 15 Q107A Graded dirt Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 3 0 0 kms 2864 1 619 2 5 - 9 kms 88 3 All 32 Q107b Ungraded dirt Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 3 0 0 kms 2594 1 847 2 5 - 9 kms 78 3 All 84 Q107C Off road Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 3 0 0 kms 2559 1 899 2 5 - 9 kms 102 3 All 43 Q107D Tarred Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 3 0 0 kms 251 1 224 2 5 - 9 kms 1428 3 All 1700 Q108A No one present Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 0 97 0 No, no one 1371 97 Not Applicable 2232 Q108B Spouse present Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 1 97 1 Spouse 1371 97 Not Applicable 2232 Q108C Children present Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 2 97 2 Children 1371 97 Not Applicable 2232 Q108D A few others present Questions 108 was asked as one question, with five response options: no one; spouse; children; a few others; or a small crowd. Because some individuals gave more then one answer, the results are recorded in four separate categories, 108A, 108B, 108C, and 108D, which records those who answered affirmatively for each option (with those who did not select an option labeled as “not applicable.”) 3603 3 97 3 A few others 1371 97 Not Applicable 2232 Q109 Check with others 109. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 99 0 No 3080 1 Yes 521 99 Missing Data 2 Q110 Influenced by others 110. Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview. Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 99 0 No 3048 1 Yes 546 99 Missing Data 9 Q111 Difficulty answering 111. What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 99 0 None 1811 1 Few 1151 2 Some 446 3 Most 157 4 All 34 99 Missing Data 4 Q112A Respondent friendly? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Friendly 3288 2 In between 302 3 Hostile 10 99 Missing Data 3 Q112B Respondent Interested? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Interested 3063 2 In between 494 3 Bored 45 99 Missing Data 1 Q112C Respondent Cooperative? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Cooperative 3176 2 In between 406 3 Uncooperative 19 99 Missing Data 2 Q112D Respondent Patient? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Patient 2925 2 In between 591 3 Impatient 86 99 Missing Data 1 Q112E Respondent at ease? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 At ease 2934 2 In between 571 3 Suspicious 97 99 Missing Data 1 Q112F Respondent honest? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 99 1 Honest 3159 2 In between 417 3 Misleading 26 99 Missing Data 1 Q113A Neighbors interested? 113A. Did your presence in the area arouse interest from the neighbors? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 1 0 No 2423 1 Yes 1180 Q113B Neighbors suspicious? 113B. Did your presence in the area arouse suspicion from neighbors? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 1 0 No 3196 1 Yes 407 Q113C Political representatives? 113C. Were you approached by community and/or political representatives? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 1 0 No 3555 1 Yes 48 Q113D Feel threatened? 113D. Did you feel threatened during the interview? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 1 0 No 3570 1 Yes 33 Q113E Physically threatened 113E. Were you physically threatened during the interview? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 0 1 0 No 3590 1 Yes 13 Q114 Interviewer origin 114. Interviewer: Do you come from a rural or urban area? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 2 1 Urban 2230 2 Rural 1373 Q115 Interviewer gender 115. Interviewer: What is your gender? Question was answered by enumerator. 3603 1 2 1 Male 2658 2 Female 945