NER_2018_AFB-R7_v01_M DDI_NER_2018_AFB-R7_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2021-03-31 Metadata Editor Version 01 (March 2021) NER_2018_AFB-R7_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2018 Round 7 AFB-R7 2018 Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR) Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) Institute for Development Studies (IDS) Michigan State University (MSU) University of Cape Town (UCT, South Africa) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Round 4 surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in 20 countries, reflecting the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia. The fifth Round of surveys were done between October 2011 and June 2013. In the Round 5 surveys, the project covered an additional 15 countries in different regions of the continent. Among the new R5 countries were Mauritius and Swaziland in Southern Africa; Burundi and Ethiopia in East Africa; Cameroon, Niger, Cote D’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Togo in West Africa. Afrobarometer also worked with the Arab Barometer and implemented R5 surveys in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco Sudan and Tunisia. Additional Round 5.5 surveys were also conducted in Mali and Zimbabwe. In Round 6, surveys were done 36 countries. Two countries that were covered in Round 5, Ethiopia and Egypt, were not included due to operational constraints. In their place, the Network added Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe. The survey covered 34 African countries covered in Round 7 (2016-2018). Here are the list of countries covered in Round 7: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, and Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 7 (2016-2018). Niger National coverage The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district. Individual The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Face-to-face [f2f] Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. ngr_r7_data.sav 1200 352 .sav Afrobarometer round 7 survey data. Respondent number 1200 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit 1200 1 2 1 Urban 208 2 Rural 992 Province or region 1200 1100 1107 1100 Agadez 40 1101 Diffa 40 1102 Dosso 144 1103 Maradi 224 1104 Tahoua 232 1105 Tillaberi 192 1106 Zinder 240 1107 Niamey 88 EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 792 1 Yes 408 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 592 1 Yes 608 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1120 1 Yes 80 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 184 1 Yes 1008 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1056 1 Yes 144 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 160 1 Yes 1040 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 944 1 Yes 248 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 528 1 Yes 672 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 584 1 Yes 616 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-F. Bank in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1032 1 Yes 160 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 328 1 Yes 872 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1008 1 Yes 192 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1136 1 Yes 64 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1032 1 Yes 168 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1144 1 Yes 56 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1128 1 Yes 72 9 Don't know 0 EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Earth 960 2 Gravel 72 3 Stone 32 4 Muram 0 5 Paved/ Tarred 136 6 Concrete 0 EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Earth 584 2 Gravel 176 3 Stone 32 4 Muram 8 5 Paved/ Tarred 400 6 Concrete 0 EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km 1200 1 6 -1 Missing 0 1 Impassable 32 2 Very poor 208 3 Poor 192 4 Fair 288 5 Good 200 6 Very good 280 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 11 2 Person selected was never at home 11 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 19 7 No adults in household 5 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1150 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home 3 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 5 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1187 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 1200 2 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 3 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1196 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 1200 2 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 1200 2 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 1200 2 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 This interview, gender 1200 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Male 599 2 Female 601 Number of adults in household 1200 1 20 1 80 2 536 3 237 4 116 5 101 6 45 7 28 8 23 9 11 10 7 11 2 12 5 13 1 15 2 17 1 18 2 19 1 20 2 Number of calls 1200 1 2 1 1188 2 12 Date of interview 1200 2018-04-13 19 2018-04-14 65 2018-04-15 73 2018-04-16 64 2018-04-17 61 2018-04-18 85 2018-04-19 89 2018-04-20 72 2018-04-21 80 2018-04-22 88 2018-04-23 71 2018-04-24 73 2018-04-25 80 2018-04-26 72 2018-04-27 64 2018-04-28 80 2018-04-29 40 2018-04-30 24 1200 Q1. Age 1200 18 999 -1 Missing 0 18 38 19 26 20 62 21 17 22 38 23 27 24 15 25 77 26 17 27 24 28 28 29 16 30 81 31 12 32 42 33 19 34 13 35 66 36 16 37 22 38 20 39 9 40 75 41 4 42 18 43 7 44 5 45 54 46 12 47 10 48 17 49 10 50 51 51 9 52 16 53 10 54 6 55 32 56 8 57 10 58 11 59 5 60 36 61 2 62 4 63 3 64 6 65 21 66 4 67 4 68 6 70 26 71 2 72 1 73 1 75 9 77 2 78 3 79 1 80 5 82 2 83 1 85 3 86 1 89 1 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 1 Q2a. Respondent's mother tongue 1200 1100 9995 -1 Missing 0 1100 Haoussa 667 1101 Zarma/Songhay 275 1102 Fulfulde 58 1103 Tamasheq 125 1104 Kanouri 58 1105 Goumantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 1 1107 Toubou 8 9995 Other 8 9998 Refuse to Answer 0 9999 Don't Know 0 Q2aother. Respondent's mother tongue (verbatim) 1200 1192 BERIBERI 1 DENDI 1 KOURTE 3 MANGA 2 PORTIGUAIS 1 Q2b. Language spoken in home 1200 1100 9995 -1 Missing 0 1100 Haoussa 741 1101 Zarma/Songhay 308 1102 Fulfulde 26 1103 Tamasheq 74 1104 Kanouri 40 1105 Goumantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 0 1107 Toubou 7 9995 Other 4 9998 Refuse to Answer 0 9999 Don't Know 0 Q2bother. Language spoken in home (verbatim) 1200 1196 DENDI 1 FRANCAIS 1 MANGA 2 Q3. Overall direction of the country 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Going in the wrong direction 796 2 Going in the right direction 394 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 10 Q4a. Country’s present economic condition 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Bad 326 2 Fairly Bad 333 3 Neither good nor bad 221 4 Fairly Good 208 5 Very good 106 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 6 Q4b. Your present living conditions 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Bad 225 2 Fairly Bad 370 3 Neither good nor bad 284 4 Fairly Good 237 5 Very good 83 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q5. Your living conditions vs. others 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 119 2 Worse 419 3 Same 381 4 Better 254 5 Much better 19 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 8 Q6. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 175 2 Worse 478 3 Same 240 4 Better 268 5 Much better 29 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 10 Q7. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 97 2 Worse 235 3 Same 261 4 Better 386 5 Much better 59 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 162 Q8a. How often gone without food 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 317 1 Just once or twice 92 2 Several times 314 3 Many times 411 4 Always 66 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q8b. How often gone without water 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 536 1 Just once or twice 100 2 Several times 203 3 Many times 222 4 Always 138 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q8c. How often gone without medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 335 1 Just once or twice 115 2 Several times 337 3 Many times 297 4 Always 114 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 1 Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 624 1 Just once or twice 134 2 Several times 249 3 Many times 165 4 Always 28 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q8e. How often gone without cash income 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 43 1 Just once or twice 35 2 Several times 210 3 Many times 582 4 Always 330 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q8f. Frequency going without basic necessities 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 About once every two or three months 114 2 About once a month 82 3 Two or three times a month 139 4 About once a week 143 5 Several times a week 453 6 Every day 227 7 Not applicable 41 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 1 Q9. How dependent on receiving remittances 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all / Does not receive remittances 844 1 A little bit 160 2 Somewhat 126 3 A lot 61 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 9 Q10a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 958 1 Just once or twice 75 2 Several times 94 3 Many times 45 4 Always 27 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q10b. How often feared crime in home 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1060 1 Just once or twice 31 2 Several times 69 3 Many times 19 4 Always 21 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q11a. Had something stolen from house 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 No 903 1 Yes, once 133 2 Yes, twice 85 3 Yes, three or more times 79 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q11b. Have been physically attacked 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1154 1 Yes, once 22 2 Yes, twice 13 3 Yes, three or more times 10 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 0 Q12a. Radio news 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 416 1 Less than once a month 71 2 A few times a month 118 3 A few times a week 230 4 Every day 365 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12b. Television news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 942 1 Less than once a month 28 2 A few times a month 44 3 A few times a week 46 4 Every day 139 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q12c. Newspaper news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1107 1 Less than once a month 26 2 A few times a month 20 3 A few times a week 21 4 Every day 13 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 13 Q12d. Internet news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1061 1 Less than once a month 13 2 A few times a month 16 3 A few times a week 24 4 Every day 67 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 19 Q12e. Social media news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1075 1 Less than once a month 11 2 A few times a month 14 3 A few times a week 19 4 Every day 63 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 18 Q13. Discuss politics 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 312 1 Occasionally 685 2 Frequently 202 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q14. Freedom to say what you think 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 156 2 Not very free 229 3 Somewhat free 370 4 Completely free 428 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 17 Q15. Government bans organizations vs. join any 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 237 2 Agree with 1 149 3 Agree with 2 222 4 Agree very strongly with 2 570 5 Agree with neither 8 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 10 Q16. Men only as leaders vs. women leaders 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 426 2 Agree with 1 116 3 Agree with 2 237 4 Agree very strongly with 2 414 5 Agree with neither 4 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q17. Newspapers free to publish vs. government control 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 435 2 Agree with 1 161 3 Agree with 2 177 4 Agree very strongly with 2 410 5 Agree with neither 5 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 11 Q18a. Access to information: school budget 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 474 1 Not very likely 123 2 Somewhat likely 175 3 Very likely 377 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 51 Q18b. Access to information: land ownership 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 496 1 Not very likely 180 2 Somewhat likely 162 3 Very likely 274 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 88 Q18c. Access to information: local government development plan and budget 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 517 1 Not very likely 203 2 Somewhat likely 167 3 Very likely 170 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 143 Q18d. Access to information: business registration 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 456 1 Not very likely 137 2 Somewhat likely 144 3 Very likely 314 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 149 Q19a. Better or worse: freedom to say what you think 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 294 2 Somewhat less freedom 133 3 Same 184 4 Somewhat more freedom 196 5 Much more freedom 378 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 15 Q19b. Better or worse: freedom to join political organizations 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 172 2 Somewhat less freedom 77 3 Same 211 4 Somewhat more freedom 188 5 Much more freedom 533 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 19 Q19c. Better or worse: media freedom to investigate, report 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 303 2 Somewhat less freedom 217 3 Same 176 4 Somewhat more freedom 194 5 Much more freedom 219 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 91 Q19d. Better or worse: freedom of NGOs/groups to speak, act 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 297 2 Somewhat less freedom 225 3 Same 175 4 Somewhat more freedom 174 5 Much more freedom 253 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 76 Q19e. Better or worse: freedom of opposition to function 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 350 2 Somewhat less freedom 223 3 Same 180 4 Somewhat more freedom 167 5 Much more freedom 226 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 54 Q20a. Member of religious group 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a Member 879 1 Inactive Member 152 2 Active Member 145 3 Official Leader 19 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q20b. Member of voluntary association or community group 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a Member 794 1 Inactive Member 216 2 Active Member 125 3 Official Leader 55 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 10 Q21a. Attend a community meeting 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 161 1 No, but would do if had the chance 316 2 Yes, once or twice 173 3 Yes, several times 213 4 Yes, often 336 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q21b. Join others to raise an issue 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 202 1 No, but would do if had the chance 425 2 Yes, once or twice 143 3 Yes, several times 198 4 Yes, often 229 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q22. Voting in the most recent national election 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 You were not registered to vote 51 1 You voted in the elections 856 2 You decided not to vote 84 3 You could not find the polling station 16 4 You were prevented from voting 18 5 You did not have time to vote 51 6 You did not vote because your name not in the register 29 7 Did not vote for some other reason 59 8 You were too young to vote 32 9 Don’t know / Can’t remember 4 98 Refused 0 Q23. Freeness and fairness of the last national election 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 0 1 Not free and fair 225 2 Free and fair, with major problems 146 3 Free and fair, but with minor problems 216 4 Completely free and fair 522 8 Do not understand question 0 9 Don’t know 90 98 Refused 1 Q24a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 673 1 Yes 524 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 2 Q24b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 862 1 Yes 334 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 2 Q25a. Contact local government councillor 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 982 1 Only once 62 2 A few times 102 3 Often 48 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 6 Q25b. Contact MP 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1073 1 Only once 46 2 A few times 46 3 Often 17 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 18 Q25c. Contact official of a government agency 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1082 1 Only once 37 2 A few times 49 3 Often 13 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 19 Q25d. Contact political party official 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1051 1 Only once 57 2 A few times 63 3 Often 23 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 6 Q25e. Contact traditional leader 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 799 1 Only once 70 2 A few times 171 3 Often 159 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 1 Q25f. Contact religious leader 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 775 1 Only once 65 2 A few times 184 3 Often 175 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 1 Q26a. Join others to request government action 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 282 1 No, but would do if had the chance 650 2 Yes, once or twice 79 3 Yes, several times 96 4 Yes, often 88 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q26b. Contact media 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 475 1 No, but would do if had the chance 611 2 Yes, once or twice 29 3 Yes, several times 23 4 Yes, often 39 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 23 Q26c. Contact official for help 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 401 1 No, but would do if had the chance 641 2 Yes, once or twice 50 3 Yes, several times 54 4 Yes, often 40 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 14 Q26d. Refuse to pay tax or fee to government 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 931 1 No, but would do if had the chance 123 2 Yes, once or twice 15 3 Yes, several times 28 4 Yes, often 83 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 19 Q26e. Attend a demonstration or protest march 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 777 1 No, but would do if had the chance 305 2 Yes, once or twice 26 3 Yes, several times 35 4 Yes, often 38 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 19 Q27a. Reject one-party rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 825 2 Disapprove 134 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 22 4 Approve 111 5 Strongly Approve 100 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 8 Q27b. Reject military rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 590 2 Disapprove 166 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 36 4 Approve 249 5 Strongly Approve 144 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 15 Q27c. Reject one-man rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 736 2 Disapprove 199 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 36 4 Approve 100 5 Strongly Approve 58 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 71 Q28. Support for democracy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 STATEMENT 3: Doesn't matter 204 2 STATEMENT 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable 140 3 STATEMENT 1: Democracy preferable 828 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 28 Q29. Govt gets things done vs. Govt accountable to citizens 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 413 2 Agree with 1 124 3 Agree with 2 275 4 Agree very strongly with 2 384 5 Agree with neither 3 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 764 2 Agree with 1 138 3 Agree with 2 106 4 Agree very strongly with 2 177 5 Agree with neither 6 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 8 Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 346 2 Agree with 1 157 3 Agree with 2 210 4 Agree very strongly with 2 473 5 Agree with neither 9 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q32. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 713 2 Agree with 1 220 3 Agree with 2 115 4 Agree very strongly with 2 133 5 Agree with neither 4 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 14 Q33. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 283 2 Agree with 1 149 3 Agree with 2 265 4 Agree very strongly with 2 493 5 Agree with neither 8 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 786 2 Agree with 1 166 3 Agree with 2 92 4 Agree very strongly with 2 147 5 Agree with neither 3 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 5 Q35. Extent of democracy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 128 2 A democracy, with major problems 437 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 361 4 A full democracy 218 8 Do not understand question / democracy 36 9 Don't know 20 98 Refused 0 Q36. Satisfaction with democracy 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The country is not a democracy 8 1 Not at all satisfied 376 2 Not very satisfied 345 3 Fairly satisfied 299 4 Very satisfied 137 8 Refused 1 9 Do not know 34 Q37. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 857 2 Agree with 1 189 3 Agree with 2 67 4 Agree very strongly with 2 85 5 Agree with neither 2 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q38a. Courts make binding decisions 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 166 2 Disagree 129 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 15 4 Agree 416 5 Strongly Agree 452 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 22 Q38b. People must obey the law 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 174 2 Disagree 153 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 25 4 Agree 385 5 Strongly Agree 456 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 7 Q38c. People must pay taxes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 192 2 Disagree 138 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 16 4 Agree 363 5 Strongly Agree 477 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 13 Q38d. Men have more right to job 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 261 2 Disagree 198 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 17 4 Agree 248 5 Strongly Agree 464 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 12 Q38e. Women have equal right to land 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 686 2 Disagree 190 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 22 4 Agree 136 5 Strongly Agree 155 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 11 Q38f. Better if woman takes care of household 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 542 2 Disagree 216 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 28 4 Agree 201 5 Strongly Agree 208 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q38g. Government information for official use only 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 386 2 Disagree 231 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 74 4 Agree 288 5 Strongly Agree 147 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 72 Q39a. How often party competition leads to conflict 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 320 1 Rarely 307 2 Often 425 3 Always 133 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 14 Q39b. How often president ignores laws 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 339 1 Rarely 253 2 Often 295 3 Always 192 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 119 Q39c. How often president ignores parliament 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 356 1 Rarely 214 2 Often 330 3 Always 160 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 139 Q40. How much fear political intimidation or violence 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 A lot 99 1 Somewhat 102 2 A little bit 103 3 Not at all 888 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 8 Q41. Elections: opposition prevented from running 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 774 1 Sometimes 218 2 Often 95 3 Always 47 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 66 Q42a. How often careful what you say 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 93 1 Rarely 105 2 Often 280 3 Always 720 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q42b. How often careful which organisations joined 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 78 1 Rarely 103 2 Often 279 3 Always 737 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 2 Q42c. How often careful how vote 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 59 1 Rarely 85 2 Often 202 3 Always 849 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 4 Q42d. How often people treated unequally 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 184 1 Rarely 218 2 Often 401 3 Always 347 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 50 Q42e. How often officials unpunished 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 217 1 Rarely 198 2 Often 433 3 Always 283 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 69 Q42f. How often ordinary people unpunished 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 620 1 Rarely 115 2 Often 176 3 Always 244 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 45 Q43a. Trust president 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 322 1 Just a little 169 2 Somewhat 152 3 A lot 546 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 9 Q43b. Trust parliament/national assembly 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 359 1 Just a little 189 2 Somewhat 193 3 A lot 430 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 29 Q43c. Trust national electoral commission 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 338 1 Just a little 169 2 Somewhat 170 3 A lot 471 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 52 Q43d. Trust your elected local government council 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 278 1 Just a little 169 2 Somewhat 207 3 A lot 515 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 31 Q43e. Trust the ruling party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 374 1 Just a little 195 2 Somewhat 193 3 A lot 403 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 35 Q43f. Trust opposition political parties 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 388 1 Just a little 239 2 Somewhat 203 3 A lot 336 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 34 Q43g. Trust police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 158 1 Just a little 111 2 Somewhat 193 3 A lot 730 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 8 Q43h. Trust army 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 86 1 Just a little 62 2 Somewhat 141 3 A lot 898 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 13 Q43i. Trust courts of law 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 180 1 Just a little 163 2 Somewhat 216 3 A lot 600 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 41 Q43j. Trust traditional leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 90 1 Just a little 138 2 Somewhat 131 3 A lot 820 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 21 Q43k. Trust religious leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 63 1 Just a little 102 2 Somewhat 97 3 A lot 926 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 11 Q44a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 188 1 Some of them 543 2 Most of them 244 3 All of them 88 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 136 Q44b. Corruption: Members of Parliament 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 168 1 Some of them 515 2 Most of them 285 3 All of them 81 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 151 Q44c. Corruption: government officials 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 165 1 Some of them 533 2 Most of them 290 3 All of them 83 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 129 Q44d. Corruption: local government councillors 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 218 1 Some of them 588 2 Most of them 225 3 All of them 74 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 95 Q44e. Corruption: police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 201 1 Some of them 538 2 Most of them 281 3 All of them 93 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 87 Q44f. Corruption: judges and magistrates 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 203 1 Some of them 555 2 Most of them 247 3 All of them 70 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 125 Q44g. Corruption: traditional leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 367 1 Some of them 539 2 Most of them 160 3 All of them 65 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 69 Q44h. Corruption: religious leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 530 1 Some of them 462 2 Most of them 97 3 All of them 45 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 66 Q44i. Corruption: business executives 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 212 1 Some of them 485 2 Most of them 334 3 All of them 97 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 71 Q44j. Corruption: non-governmental organisations 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 394 1 Some of them 496 2 Most of them 124 3 All of them 38 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 147 Q45. Level of corruption 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Increased a lot 504 2 Increased somewhat 236 3 Stayed the same 143 4 Decreased somewhat 204 5 Decreased a lot 60 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 53 Q46. Ordinary people can fight corruption 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 478 2 Disagree 365 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 32 4 Agree 229 5 Strongly Agree 85 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 11 Q47. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Can report without fear 362 1 Risk retaliation 819 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 19 Q48a. Ordinary person: pay bribe to avoid taxes 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 691 1 Not very likely 212 2 Somewhat likely 142 3 Very likely 137 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 18 Q48b. Ordinary person: pay bribe to avoid going to court 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 670 1 Not very likely 196 2 Somewhat likely 155 3 Very likely 151 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 28 Q48c. Ordinary person: pay bribe to register land not theirs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 673 1 Not very likely 212 2 Somewhat likely 115 3 Very likely 156 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 44 Q48d. Rich person: pay bribe to avoid taxes 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 286 1 Not very likely 85 2 Somewhat likely 176 3 Very likely 626 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 27 Q48e. Rich person: pay bribe to avoid going to court 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 232 1 Not very likely 100 2 Somewhat likely 195 3 Very likely 644 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 29 Q48f. Rich person: pay bribe to register land not theirs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 225 1 Not very likely 87 2 Somewhat likely 151 3 Very likely 692 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 42 Q49a. Contact with public school 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 737 1 Yes 463 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49b. Difficulty to obtain public school services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 173 2 Easy 228 3 Difficult 51 4 Very Difficult 10 7 No contact 737 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49c. Pay bribe for public school services 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 427 1 Once or twice 21 2 A few times 12 3 Often 3 7 No contact 737 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49d. Contact with public clinic or hospital 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 237 1 Yes 963 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49e. Difficulty to obtain medical care 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 166 2 Easy 404 3 Difficult 279 4 Very Difficult 114 7 No contact 237 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49f. Time taken to receive medical care 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 11 1 After a long time 274 2 After a short time 407 3 Right away 271 7 No contact 237 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49g. Pay bribe for medical care 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 870 1 Once or twice 42 2 A few times 35 3 Often 15 7 No contact 237 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 0 Q49h. Tried to obtain identity document 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 926 1 Yes 274 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49i. Difficulty to obtain identity document 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 53 2 Easy 122 3 Difficult 66 4 Very Difficult 33 7 No contact 926 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49j. Time taken to obtain identity document 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 11 1 After a long time 80 2 After a short time 119 3 Right away 64 7 No contact 926 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49k. Pay bribe for identity document 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 225 1 Once or twice 32 2 A few times 12 3 Often 5 7 No contact 926 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49l. Tried to obtain household services 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1045 1 Yes 154 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49m. Difficulty to obtain household services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 23 2 Easy 39 3 Difficult 37 4 Very Difficult 55 7 No contact 1045 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49n. Pay bribe for household services 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 132 1 Once or twice 14 2 A few times 6 3 Often 2 7 No contact 1045 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49o. Requested police assistance 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1155 1 Yes 44 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49p. Difficulty to obtain police assistance 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 9 2 Easy 20 3 Difficult 5 4 Very Difficult 10 7 No contact 1155 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49q. Time taken to receive police assistance 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 4 1 After a long time 10 2 After a short time 10 3 Right away 20 7 No contact 1155 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49r. Pay bribe to receive police assistance 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 32 1 Once or twice 5 2 A few times 6 3 Often 2 7 No contact 1155 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49s. Contact with police in other situations 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 892 1 Once or twice 167 2 A few times 99 3 Often 42 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49t. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 181 1 Once or twice 69 2 A few times 37 3 Often 21 7 No contact 892 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q50. Respected by public officials 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 196 1 A little bit 137 2 Somewhat 345 3 A lot 508 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 13 Q51. Treatment by public officials compared to others 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Much Worse 52 1 Worse 183 2 Same 399 3 Better 389 4 Much Better 160 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 17 Q52. Get correct amount when buying grain 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 276 1 Sometimes 524 2 Always 378 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 22 Q53a. Likelihood of response: reporting teacher misconduct 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 423 1 Not very likely 104 2 Somewhat likely 201 3 Very likely 424 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 48 Q53b. Likelihood of response: reporting corruption 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 347 1 Not very likely 133 2 Somewhat likely 207 3 Very likely 265 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 248 Q53c. Likelihood of response: reporting crime 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 292 1 Not very likely 118 2 Somewhat likely 206 3 Very likely 514 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 69 Q54a. MPs listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 701 1 Only Sometimes 229 2 Often 160 3 Always 70 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 40 Q54b. Local government councillors listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 576 1 Only Sometimes 240 2 Often 241 3 Always 112 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 31 Q55pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 1200 0 9999 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/ no problems 5 1 Management of the economy 62 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 13 3 Unemployment 40 4 Poverty/destitution 156 5 Rates and Taxes 2 6 Loans / credit 30 7 Farming/agriculture 66 8 Food shortage/famine 396 9 Drought 6 10 Land 1 11 Transportation 6 12 Communications 2 13 Infrastructure / roads 24 14 Education 60 15 Housing 2 16 Electricity 22 17 Water supply 150 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 2 19 Services (other) 3 20 Health 60 21 AIDS 0 22 Sickness / Disease 0 23 Crime and Security 31 24 Corruption 12 25 Political violence 3 26 Political instability / ethnic tensions 14 27 Discrimination/ inequality 6 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 0 29 Democracy/political rights 1 30 War (international) 2 31 Civil war 4 32 Agricultural marketing 10 9995 Other 4 9998 Refused 1 9999 Don’t know 4 Q55pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) 1200 1191 FACILITE L'ACCES DES CARRIERES D'OR AUX COMMUNAUTES 1 LES AGENTS DE SANTÉ SONT JUSQU'À LÀ EN PAYE IL YA 8 MOIS 1 MOTOPOMPE 1 MOULIN 2 PRESENCE DES KORIS DANS LE VILLAGE 1 RECONSTRUCTION D UNE NOUVELLE MOSQUEE SI POSSIBLE 1 SÉCHERESSE 1 VIE CHERE 1 Q55pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of the economy 46 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 24 3 Unemployment 46 4 Poverty/destitution 158 5 Rates and Taxes 3 6 Loans / credit 30 7 Farming/agriculture 73 8 Food shortage/famine 180 9 Drought 5 10 Land 6 11 Transportation 13 12 Communications 1 13 Infrastructure / roads 23 14 Education 75 15 Housing 1 16 Electricity 36 17 Water supply 214 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 3 19 Services (other) 5 20 Health 109 21 AIDS 0 22 Sickness / Disease 5 23 Crime and Security 25 24 Corruption 6 25 Political violence 3 26 Political instability / ethnic tensions 13 27 Discrimination/ inequality 6 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 1 29 Democracy/political rights 3 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 1 32 Agricultural marketing 24 9995 Other 15 9996 No further reply 47 9998 Refused 0 Q55pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) 1200 1170 BANQUE ALIMENTS BÉTAILS 2 BANQUES ALIMENTS BETAILS 2 BESOIN DES ANIMAUX 1 ÉLEVAGE 2 GENRE POUR LA CULTURE DE CONTRE SAISON(PIMENT VERT, AUBERGINE, CAROTTES, ETC ) 1 GRAIN POUR LA SEMENCE 1 IMPUNITE 1 INEGALITE ENTRE LES PAUVRE ET LES RICHES 1 LA MÉVENTE 1 LE JARDIN DES FEMMES A BESOIN D'UN POINT D'EAU 1 LES HABITS 1 LES POLICIERS ET GENDARMES PRENNENT DE L ARGENT MEME SI SE POUR ALLER AU CHAMPS 1 MANQUE BÉTAIL POUR L'ELEVAGE 1 MANQUE DE GRANDE MOSQUEE 1 MANQUE DE MOULIN 1 MANQUE DEGRANDE MOSQUEÉ DANS LE VILLAGE 1 MATERIELS POUR AGRICOLES 1 MOSQUÉE 1 MOULIN 1 MOULIN A GRAIN 1 MOULINS 1 PÂTURAGE 1 PRISE EN CHARGE DE VIEILLARDS 1 PROBLÈME D INTÈGRATION 1 PROSTITUTION 1 TRANSITE DOUNIERE A REVOIR 1 VENTE A PRIX MODERE 1 Q55pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of the economy 45 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 22 3 Unemployment 49 4 Poverty/destitution 136 5 Rates and Taxes 3 6 Loans / credit 14 7 Farming/agriculture 99 8 Food shortage/famine 105 9 Drought 7 10 Land 6 11 Transportation 9 12 Communications 3 13 Infrastructure / roads 33 14 Education 97 15 Housing 10 16 Electricity 40 17 Water supply 106 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 2 19 Services (other) 10 20 Health 156 21 AIDS 0 22 Sickness / Disease 8 23 Crime and Security 23 24 Corruption 7 25 Political violence 3 26 Political instability / ethnic tensions 4 27 Discrimination/ inequality 17 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 8 29 Democracy/political rights 4 30 War (international) 2 31 Civil war 2 32 Agricultural marketing 26 9995 Other 23 9996 No further reply 121 9998 Refused 0 Q55pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) 1200 Q56a. Handling managing the economy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 450 2 Fairly Badly 335 3 Fairly Well 318 4 Very Well 73 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 24 Q56b. Handling improving living standards of the poor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 565 2 Fairly Badly 341 3 Fairly Well 225 4 Very Well 66 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 3 Q56c. Handling creating jobs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 528 2 Fairly Badly 380 3 Fairly Well 192 4 Very Well 56 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 43 Q56d. Handling keeping prices stable 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 578 2 Fairly Badly 353 3 Fairly Well 199 4 Very Well 54 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 16 Q56e. Handling narrowing income gaps 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 612 2 Fairly Badly 349 3 Fairly Well 172 4 Very Well 39 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 28 Q56f. Handling reducing crime 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 151 2 Fairly Badly 196 3 Fairly Well 397 4 Very Well 424 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 32 Q56g. Handling improving basic health services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 357 2 Fairly Badly 288 3 Fairly Well 388 4 Very Well 165 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 2 Q56h. Handling addressing educational needs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 497 2 Fairly Badly 228 3 Fairly Well 325 4 Very Well 135 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 15 Q56i. Handling providing water and sanitation services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 435 2 Fairly Badly 300 3 Fairly Well 297 4 Very Well 155 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 13 Q56j. Handling ensuring enough to eat 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 654 2 Fairly Badly 283 3 Fairly Well 179 4 Very Well 81 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 3 Q56k. Handling fighting corruption 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 298 2 Fairly Badly 380 3 Fairly Well 303 4 Very Well 63 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 155 Q56l. Handling maintaining roads and bridges 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 355 2 Fairly Badly 253 3 Fairly Well 285 4 Very Well 260 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 47 Q56m. Handling providing reliable electric supply 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 499 2 Fairly Badly 311 3 Fairly Well 225 4 Very Well 88 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 76 Q56n. Handling preventing election violence 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 185 2 Fairly Badly 242 3 Fairly Well 427 4 Very Well 281 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 63 Q56o. Handling preventing or resolving violent community conflict 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 142 2 Fairly Badly 197 3 Fairly Well 430 4 Very Well 370 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 61 Q56p. Handling countering violence from armed extremists 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 128 2 Fairly Badly 153 3 Fairly Well 344 4 Very Well 483 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 92 Q56q. Handling promoting equal rights/opportunities for women 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 243 2 Fairly Badly 247 3 Fairly Well 491 4 Very Well 123 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 93 Q56r. Handling addressing needs of youth 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 507 2 Fairly Badly 309 3 Fairly Well 232 4 Very Well 115 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 37 Q56s. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 389 2 Fairly Badly 268 3 Fairly Well 297 4 Very Well 102 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 143 Q57a. Better or worse: access to medical care 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 230 2 Worse 350 3 Same 182 4 Better 325 5 Much better 111 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q57b. Better or worse: personal safety 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 78 2 Worse 172 3 Same 245 4 Better 462 5 Much better 238 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q57c. Better or worse: government effectiveness on education 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 375 2 Worse 296 3 Same 161 4 Better 261 5 Much better 89 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 18 Q57d. Better or worse: get assistance from police 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 177 2 Worse 205 3 Same 274 4 Better 394 5 Much better 110 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 40 Q57e. Better or worse: government assists people to resolve problems 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 318 2 Worse 331 3 Same 224 4 Better 227 5 Much better 54 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 45 Q57f. Better or worse: MPs listen 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 428 2 Worse 326 3 Same 200 4 Better 150 5 Much better 37 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 58 Q57g. Better or worse: equal opportunities and treatment for women 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 200 2 Worse 239 3 Same 309 4 Better 330 5 Much better 59 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 63 Q58a. Performance: President 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 254 2 Disapprove 263 3 Approve 432 4 Strongly Approve 237 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 14 Q58b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 249 2 Disapprove 382 3 Approve 414 4 Strongly Approve 123 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 32 Q58c. Performance: local government councillor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 186 2 Disapprove 340 3 Approve 493 4 Strongly Approve 156 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 25 Q58d. Performance: traditional leader 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 57 2 Disapprove 109 3 Approve 606 4 Strongly Approve 323 7 Not applicable 94 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 11 Q58e. Performance: your Mayor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 158 2 Disapprove 310 3 Approve 508 4 Strongly Approve 198 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 26 Q59a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President / Executive 573 1 The Parliament / County Assembly 111 2 Their Political Party 174 3 The Voters 287 4 No One 17 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 38 Q59b. Who responsible: local councillors do jobs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President / Executive 331 1 The Parliament / County Assembly 311 2 Their Political Party 176 3 The Voters 329 4 No One 14 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 39 Q59c. Who responsible: president does job 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President / Executive 231 1 The Parliament / County Assembly 418 2 Their Political Party 131 3 The Voters 344 4 No One 24 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 52 Q60a. Feared violence in neighbourhood 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 1057 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 94 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 46 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q60b. Feared violence at political event 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 968 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 172 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 58 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q60c. Feared violence during public protest 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 969 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 133 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 75 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 22 Q60d. Feared violence by extremists 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 935 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 144 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 100 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 21 Q61a. Armed forces protect from security threats 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 8 2 Rarely 26 3 Sometimes 44 4 Often 145 5 Always 965 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 12 Q61b. Armed forces get necessary resources 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 52 2 Rarely 130 3 Sometimes 142 4 Often 262 5 Always 519 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 95 Q61c. Armed forces are professional and respectful to citizens 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 19 2 Rarely 70 3 Sometimes 115 4 Often 225 5 Always 709 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 61 Q62. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 198 2 Agree with 1 57 3 Agree with 2 222 4 Agree very strongly with 2 710 5 Agree with neither 9 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q63. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 478 2 Agree with 1 140 3 Agree with 2 176 4 Agree very strongly with 2 393 5 Agree with neither 5 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 8 Q64 Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 340 2 Agree with 1 151 3 Agree with 2 332 4 Agree very strongly with 2 364 5 Agree with neither 6 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 7 Q65. Country governed by religious law vs secular law 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 670 2 Agree with 1 161 3 Agree with 2 121 4 Agree very strongly with 2 238 5 Agree with neither 5 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 3 Q66. Difficulty to move across borders 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very difficult 342 2 Difficult 444 3 Easy 144 4 Very easy 106 7 Never try 143 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 21 Q67. Lived outside country 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 685 1 Yes 513 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q68a. Considered emigration to other country 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 877 1 A little bit 91 2 Somewhat 95 3 A lot 137 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 Q68b. Planned emigration to other country 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 You are not currently making any specific plans or preparations 130 1 You are planning to move in the next year or two but not yet making preparations 124 2 You are currently making preparations to move, like getting a visa 61 7 Not applicable 877 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 7 Q69. Most likely country for emigration 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 0 1 Ivory Coast 63 2 Another country in West Africa 124 3 Elsewhere in Africa 85 4 Europe 9 5 North America 11 6 Central/South America 1 7 Middle East 12 8 Asia 6 9 Australia 0 10 Outside of Africa 8 97 Not applicable 877 98 Refused 0 99 Don't know 4 Q70. Most important reason for emigrating 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Find work 94 2 Economic hardship 126 3 Lower taxes at destination 0 4 Poverty 63 5 Poor infrastructure/ services 0 6 Better business prospects 9 7 Natural Disasters 1 8 Better democratic environment 0 9 Political persecution 0 10 Religious persecution 1 11 Civil war 1 12 Crime 1 13 Better schools 0 14 Better medical services 1 15 To pursue an education 5 16 To accompany family members who are moving for work 0 17 To join spouse/ family members who have already migrated 17 18 Travel/tourism/adventure/experience other cultures 3 9995 Other 1 9997 Not applicable 877 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don’t know 0 Q70other. Most important reason for emigrating (verbatim) 1200 1199 RELIGION 1 Q71. Climate conditions compared to ten years ago 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No experience 106 1 Much worse 420 2 Worse 380 3 About the same 123 4 Better 117 5 Much better 35 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 18 Q72a. Severity of droughts 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 511 2 Somewhat more severe 312 3 Stayed the same 106 4 Somewhat less severe 164 5 Much less severe 96 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 11 Q72b. Severity of flooding 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 263 2 Somewhat more severe 243 3 Stayed the same 198 4 Somewhat less severe 242 5 Much less severe 241 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 12 Q73a. Heard about climate change 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 449 1 Yes 746 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven't heard enough 5 Q73b. Climage change: meaning 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Negative changes in the weather 494 2 Positive changes in the weather 200 3 Other changes in weather patterns 47 7 Not applicable 449 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough 10 Q74. Climate change: main cause 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Human Activity 211 2 Natural processes 443 3 Both human activity and natural processes 86 4 None of these 7 7 Not applicable 449 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 4 Q75. Climate change: affecting country 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much better 38 2 Somewhat better 101 3 Neither/ no change / about the same 59 4 Somewhat worse 238 5 Much worse 303 7 Not applicable 449 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough to say 12 Q76. Climate change needs to be stopped? By ordinary people? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, climate change doesn’t need to be stopped 165 1 Yes, Ordinary Nigeriens can do nothing at all 321 2 Yes, Ordinary Nigeriens can do a little bit 182 3 Yes, Ordinary Nigeriens can do a lot 70 7 Not applicable 449 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 13 Q77a. Girls and boys have equal chance at education 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 70 2 Disagree 46 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 4 Agree 355 5 Strongly Agree 721 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 4 Q77b. Women and men have equal chance to earn income 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 202 2 Disagree 169 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 19 4 Agree 341 5 Strongly Agree 462 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 7 Q77c. Women and men have equal chance of paying job 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 209 2 Disagree 188 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 27 4 Agree 334 5 Strongly Agree 430 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 11 Q77d. Women and men have equal chance to own/inherit land 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 760 2 Disagree 175 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 15 4 Agree 96 5 Strongly Agree 150 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 3 Q78a. Justified for parents to physically discipline children 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never justified 211 2 Sometimes justified 407 3 Always justified 576 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 5 Q78b. Justified for men to beat their wives 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never justified 472 2 Sometimes justified 350 3 Always justified 372 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 6 Q79_NGR. Recommended measures to fight jihadist propaganda 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Ban street mosques 53 2 Foreign preachers must be reported to the administrative and customary authority 647 3 Monitor teachings at Koranic schools 279 4 Provide reintegration centers for victims of jihadism 161 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know 54 Q80a_NGR. Country’s poverty levels compared to 10 years ago 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Increased a lot 781 2 Increased a little 203 3 Stayed the same 43 4 Decreased a little 127 5 Decreased a lot 43 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q80b_NGR. Best explanation for poverty in country 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 The poor are unlucky 130 2 The poor are lazy 84 3 The poor lack work opportunities 784 4 Poverty results from social injustice 197 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q81_NGR. Difficult for poor to find work 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 It is difficult for the poor to find work 1048 2 Work is available for anyone who wants it 146 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 4 Q82a_NGR. Solution to reduce poverty: Create employment 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 No help at all 1 2 No help 10 3 No effect 3 4 Helps a little 170 5 Helps a lot 1016 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q82b_NGR. Solution to reduce poverty: raise minimum wage 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 No help at all 50 2 No help 98 3 No effect 52 4 Helps a little 420 5 Helps a lot 570 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 10 Q82c_NGR. Solution to reduce poverty: provide financial allowances 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 No help at all 13 2 No help 30 3 No effect 13 4 Helps a little 247 5 Helps a lot 893 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q82d_NGR. Solution to reduce poverty: better quality education 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 No help at all 22 2 No help 29 3 No effect 22 4 Helps a little 233 5 Helps a lot 890 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q83a_NGR. Ban migration of women/children to maghreb countries 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 253 2 Disagree 181 3 Neither agree nor disagree 11 4 Agree 204 5 Strongly agree 544 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 6 Q83b_NGR. Female civil servants can be deployed anywhere regardless of marital status 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 706 2 Disagree 182 3 Neither agree nor disagree 12 4 Agree 103 5 Strongly agree 192 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 4 Q84. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe 1200 1100 9999 -1 Missing 0 1100 Haoussa 680 1101 Zarma/Songhay 258 1102 Fulfuldé 57 1103 Tamasheq 127 1104 Kanouri 59 1105 Gormantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 1 1107 Toubou 8 9990 Nigérian only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms” 0 9995 Other 8 9998 Refused to Answer 1 9999 Don't Know 1 Q84other. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe (verbatim) 1200 1192 BERIBERI 1 DENDI 1 KOURTE 3 MANGA 2 PORTIGUAIS 1 Q85a. Ethnic group treated unfairly 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 920 1 Sometimes 157 2 Often 59 3 Always 48 7 Not applicable 2 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 14 Q85b. Ethnic or national identity 1200 1 8 -1 Missing 0 1 I feel only (ethnic group) 135 2 I feel more (ethnic group) than (national identity) 90 3 I feel equally (national identity) and (ethnic group) 332 4 I feel more (national identity) than (ethnic group) 62 5 I feel only (national identity) 578 7 Not applicable 2 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 0 Q86a. Experienced discrimination based on gender 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1144 1 Once or twice 34 2 Several times 17 3 Many times 5 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q86b. Experienced discrimination based on religion 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1156 1 Once or twice 27 2 Several times 14 3 Many times 2 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q86c. Experienced discrimination based on ethnicity 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1098 1 Once or twice 34 2 Several times 56 3 Many times 11 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q86d. Experienced discrimination based on disability 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 89 1 Once or twice 9 2 Several times 15 3 Many times 1 7 Not applicable (no disability) 1086 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q87a. Neighbours: people of different religion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 458 2 Somewhat dislike 86 3 Would not care 229 4 Somewhat like 65 5 Strongly like 359 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 3 Q87b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 121 2 Somewhat dislike 49 3 Would not care 269 4 Somewhat like 103 5 Strongly like 652 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 5 Q87c. Neighbours: homosexuals 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 1047 2 Somewhat dislike 45 3 Would not care 37 4 Somewhat like 16 5 Strongly like 53 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q87d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 258 2 Somewhat dislike 52 3 Would not care 278 4 Somewhat like 112 5 Strongly like 485 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 15 Q88a. Close to political party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, not close to any party 461 1 Yes, feels close to a party 713 8 Refused 8 9 Don't know 18 Q88b. Which party 1200 1100 9999 -1 Missing 0 1100 Alliance Nigérienne pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (ANDP Zaman Lahiya) 8 1101 Convention Démocratique et Sociale (CDS Rahama) 20 1102 Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement (MNSD Nassara) 74 1103 Mouvement Démocratique Nigérien pour une Fédération Africaine (MODEN FA Lumana) 132 1104 Parti Nigérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme (PNDS Tarayya) 376 1105 Parti Nigérien pour l’Auto gestion (PNA Al’Oumat 5 1106 Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (RDP Jama’a) 7 1107 Rassemeblement Social Démocrate (RSD Gaskia) 4 1108 Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social (UDPS Amana) 2 1109 Mouvement Patriotique Nigérien (MPN-Kishin Kassa) 18 1110 MPR Jamhouriya 17 1111 Ingantchi 14 9995 Other 16 9997 Not Applicable 487 9998 Refused 8 9999 Don't Know 12 Q88bother. Which party (verbatim) 1200 1135 ADN FOUSSA'A 1 AMIN AMIN 1 BALAYE 1 INGANTCHI 14 KASSOUM MOCTAR 1 MDR TARNA 1 MOUVEMENT PATRIOTIQUE NIGERIEN (MPN-KISHIN KASSA) 18 MPR JAMHOURIYA 17 OBLIGATION DE RESERVE 2 PCR 2 PMT ALBARKA 1 PSD BASSIRA 1 PSD BASSIRA 1 PUND SALAMA 1 YACOUBIA MPL 1 YACOUBIYA 2 Q89a. Own radio 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 528 1 Yes, someone else owns 218 2 Yes, do own 450 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 4 Q89b. Own television 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 975 1 Yes, someone else owns 97 2 Yes, do own 115 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 13 Q89c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 870 1 Yes, someone else owns 171 2 Yes, do own 150 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 9 Q89d. Own computer 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 1108 1 Yes, someone else owns 33 2 Yes, do own 34 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 24 Q89e. Own bank account 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 1085 1 Yes, someone else owns 28 2 Yes, do own 52 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 35 Q89f. Own mobile phone 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 311 1 Yes, someone else owns 172 2 Yes, do own 715 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q90. Mobile phone access to internet 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 No, does not have internet access 576 1 Yes, has internet 139 7 Not applicable 485 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q91a. How often use a mobile phone 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 241 1 Less than once a month 52 2 A few times a month 79 3 A few times a week 180 4 Everyday 648 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q91b. How often use the internet 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1057 1 Less than once a month 17 2 A few times a month 29 3 A few times a week 30 4 Everyday 60 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 6 Q92a. Source of water for household use 1200 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Inside the house 84 2 Inside the compound 91 3 Outside the compound 1025 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q92b. Location of toilet or latrine 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 No latrine 343 1 Inside the house 174 2 Inside the compound 315 3 Outside the compound 368 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q93. Electric connection from mains 1200 0 5 -1 Missing 0 0 No mains electric supply or connection to the home 921 1 Never 14 2 Occasionally 32 3 About half of the time 24 4 Most of the time 79 5 All of the time 130 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q94. Employment status 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 No, not looking 621 1 No, looking 351 2 Yes, part time 123 3 Yes, full time 105 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 Q95a. Occupation of respondent 1200 0 95 -1 Missing 0 0 Never had a job 157 1 Student 57 2 Housewife / homemaker 265 3 Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 398 4 Trader / hawker / vendor 138 5 Retail / Shop 22 6 Unskilled manual worker 52 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker 20 8 Clerical or secretarial 7 9 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 4 10 Security services 7 11 Mid-level professional 28 12 Upper-level professional 6 95 Other 39 98 Refused 0 99 Don’t know 0 Q95b. Employer of respondent 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Works for self 648 2 Private sector 28 3 Non Governmental Organizations / Civil society sector 8 4 Government 37 7 Not applicable 479 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q95c. Who decides how money is used 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 You make the decisions yourself 538 2 Your spouse makes the decisions 249 3 You make the decisions jointly with your spouse 168 4 You make the decisions jointly with other family members 98 5 Other family members make the decisions without you 24 6 None of the above / Some other response 0 7 Not applicable, no earnings 123 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 Q96a. Head of household 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 0 1 You (respondent) 588 2 Respondent's spouse 467 3 Respondent's father 82 4 Respondent's mother 15 5 Respondent's son 15 6 Respondent's daughter 2 7 Respondent's grandfather 4 8 Respondent's grandmother 0 9 Another male relative 21 10 Another female relative 2 11 Someone else 3 12 More than one person 0 98 Refused 1 99 Don’t know 0 Q96b. Occupation of head of household 1200 0 97 -1 Missing 0 0 Never had a job 44 1 Student 10 2 Housewife / homemaker 30 3 Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 294 4 Trader / hawker / vendor 89 5 Retail / Shop 14 6 Unskilled manual worker 32 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker 19 8 Clerical or secretarial 11 9 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 2 10 Security services 3 11 Mid-level professional 16 12 Upper-level professional 15 95 Other 32 97 Not applicable (respondent is head of household) 589 98 Refused 0 99 Don’t know 0 Q97. Education of respondent 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No formal schooling 542 1 Informal schooling only 298 2 Some primary schooling 145 3 Primary school completed 50 4 Some secondary school / high school 109 5 Secondary school / high school completed 29 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university 8 7 Some university 8 8 University completed 9 9 Post-graduate 1 98 Refused 0 99 Don’t know 1 Q98. Religion of respondent 1200 0 9995 -1 Missing 0 0 None 1 1 Christian only 1 2 Roman Catholic 0 3 Orthodox 1 4 Coptic 1 5 Anglican 1 6 Lutheran 0 7 Methodist 0 8 Presbyterian 0 9 Baptist 0 10 Quaker / Friends 0 11 Mennonite 0 12 Evangelical 1 13 Pentecostal 1 14 Independent 0 15 Jehovah’s Witness 0 16 Seventh Day Adventist 0 17 Mormon 3 18 Muslim only 1001 19 Sunni only 24 20 Ismaeli 55 21 Mouridiya Brotherhood 0 22 Tijaniya Brotherhood 36 23 Qadiriya Brotherhood 1 24 Shia 0 25 Traditional / ethnic religion 62 26 Hindu 0 27 Bahai 0 28 Agnostic 0 29 Atheist 0 30 Dutch Reformed 0 31 Calvinist 0 32 Church of Christ 0 33 Zionist Christian Church 0 34 Jewish 0 1100 Izala 10 1101 Qualakatou 0 9995 Other 1 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don't know 0 Q98other. Religion of respondent (verbatim) 1200 1189 CHARLATAN 1 IZALA 10 Q99. Vote for which party 1200 1100 9999 -1 Missing 0 1100 Alliance Nigérienne pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (ANDP Zaman Lahiya) 10 1101 Convention Démocratique et Sociale (CDS Rahama) 20 1102 Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement (MNSD Nassara) 106 1103 Mouvement Démocratique Nigérien pour une Fédération Africaine (MODEN FA Lumana) 176 1104 Parti Nigérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme (PNDS Tarayya) 314 1105 Parti Nigérien pour l’Auto gestion (PNA Al’Oumat 4 1106 Rassemblement pour la Démocratie et le Progrès (RDP Jama’a) 6 1107 Union pour la Démocratie et le Progrès Social (UDPS Amana 1 1109 Mouvement Patriotique Nigérien (MPN-Kishin Kassa) 38 1110 MPR Jamhouriya 21 1111 Ingantchi 14 9995 Other 48 9997 Would not vote 148 9998 Refused to Answer 41 9999 Don't Know 253 Q99other. Vote for which party (verbatim) 1200 1079 ADN FOUSSA'A 1 ALBARKA 1 AMIN AMIN 1 CA DEPEND 1 ÇA DEPEND DE CE QUE LE CHEF DU VILLAGE NOUS DIRA DE VOTER 1 ÇA DEPEND DE QUI ON NOUS DIRA DE VOTER 1 ÇÀ DEPEND DE QUI ON NOUS DIRA VOTER 1 CELUI QUE LA COMMUNAUTÉ VA DÉCIDER 1 CHOISI PAR LA POPULATION 1 CHOIX DU MARI 1 DESIGNE PAR LA POPULATION 1 DESIGNE PAR LES HOMMES 1 INGANTCHI 14 JE CHOISIRAI LE PARTI DE NOTRE CHEF DE VILLAGE 1 JE VOTERAI POUR CELUI QUON MA DIT 1 KASSOUM MOCTAR 1 LA PERSSONE DESIGNE PAR LES VILAGEOIS 1 LE CHOIX DU CHEF DU VILLAGE 1 LE CHOIX DU DÉLÉGUÉ 1 LE CHOIX DU MALAM AISSANE DOUNNA 1 LE CHOIX DU MARI 4 LE CHOIX DU VILLAGE ENTIER 1 LE PARTI DE MON FILS 1 LE PARTI DU PLUS GRAND NOMBRE 1 LE PARTI QUE LES GENS SUUVENT 1 LE PARTI QUI SE PRESENTE A NOUS 1 MDR TARNA 3 MNRD HANKOURI 1 MPR JAMHOURIYA 21 OBLIGATION DE RESERVE 2 ON NE SAIT PAS ENCORE QUEL PARTI VOTER 1 PARTI DE KASSOUM MOCTAR 1 PSD BASSIRA 2 QUELQU'UN QUI N'EST PAS MAHAMADOU ISSOUFOU 1 QUELQU'UN QUI VA AIDER LE PEUPLE 1 RD TCHETON KASA 1 RSD GASKIA 1 RSD GASKIYA 1 TARNA 1 TCHINJI 1 TCHISSAN KASSA 38 TOUT DEPEND DU CANDIDAT 1 YACOUBIYA 2 Q100. Perceived survey sponsor 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No one 23 1 Afrobarometer 589 2 Research Company 147 3 Non-government or religious organization 126 4 University / School / College 4 5 Private company 10 6 Media 1 7 Political party or politician 5 8 Government 173 9 International organization or another country 9 10 God 1 95 Other 18 98 Refused 1 99 Don’t know 93 1200 Length of interview 1200 22.0508666666667 177.749883333333 -1 Missing 0 Q101. Gender of respondent 1200 1 2 -1 Missing 0 1 Male 599 2 Female 601 Q102. Race of respondent 1200 1 9995 1 Black / African 1180 2 White / European 1 3 Coloured / Mixed race 3 4 Arab / Lebanese / North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 0 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 0 9995 Other 16 9999 Don't know 0 Q102other. Race of respondent (verbatim) 1200 1184 TAMASHEK 5 TAMASHEQ 1 TOUAREG 4 TOUAREG PEAU ROUGE 1 TOUAREG ROUGE 5 Q103. Language of interview 1200 2 9995 2 French 58 1100 Haoussa 797 1101 Zarma/Songhay 305 1102 Fulfudé 1 1103 Tamasheq 37 9995 Other 2 Q103other. Language of interview (verbatim) 1200 1198 KOURTE 2 Q104. Type of shelter of respondent 1200 1 8 1 Non-traditional / formal house 209 2 Traditional house / hut 316 3 Temporary structure / shack 2 4 Flat in a block of flats 0 5 Single room in a larger dwelling structure or backyard 609 7 Hostel in an industrial compound or farming compound 0 8 Other 64 Q105. Roof of respondent’s home 1200 1 10 1 Metal, aluminum, tin or zinc 169 2 Tiles 9 3 Shingles 22 4 Thatch or grass 327 5 Plastic sheets 40 6 Asbestos 18 7 Multiple materials 387 8 Concrete 12 9 Some other material 214 10 Could not tell / could not see 2 Q106. Others present 1200 1 4 1 No one 950 2 Spouse only 54 3 Children only 156 4 A few others 40 5 Small crowd 0 Q107a. Check with others 1200 0 1 0 No 1177 1 Yes 23 Q107b. Influence by others 1200 0 1 0 No 1192 1 Yes 8 Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives 1200 0 1 0 No 1196 1 Yes 4 Q107d. Feel threatened 1200 0 0 No 1200 1 Yes 0 Q107e. Physically threatened 1200 0 0 No 1200 1 Yes 0 Q108. Proportion difficulty answering 1200 2 4 0 None 0 1 Few 0 2 Some 2 3 Most 101 4 All 1097 Q110a. Respondent friendly 1200 1 3 1 Friendly 1121 2 In between 77 3 Hostile 2 Q110b. Respondent interested 1200 1 3 1 Interested 1085 2 In between 108 3 Bored 7 Q110c. Respondent cooperative 1200 1 3 1 Cooperative 1117 2 In between 81 3 Uncooperative 2 Q110d. Respondent patient 1200 1 3 1 Patient 1113 2 In between 79 3 Impatient 8 Q110e. Respondent at ease 1200 1 3 1 At ease 1068 2 In between 126 3 Suspicious 6 Q110f. Respondent honest 1200 1 2 1 Honest 1082 2 In between 118 3 Misleading 0 Q110g1. Had any unsuccessful calls 1200 1 2 1 No 1090 2 Yes 110 Q110g2. Number of unsuccessful calls 1200 1 9997 1 69 2 26 3 8 4 2 5 2 6 1 7 1 10 1 9997 Interview was successful 1090 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 16 2 Person selected was never at home 16 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 12 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 2 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 3 6 Did not fit gender quota 31 7 No adults in household 10 8 Other 20 9997 Interview was successful 1090 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 (verbatim) 1200 1179 AUCUN AGENT DE L'EQUIPE NE PARLE FULFULDE 1 AUCUN AGENT NE PARLE LE FULFULDE DANS L'EQUIPE 1 AUCUN ELEMENT NE PARLE LE FULFULDE DANS L'EQUIPE 1 LA PERSONNE CHOISI EST ABSENTE 1 LES MEMBRES DU MENAGE DORMENT 1 PERSONNE DANS L'EQUIPE NE PARLE LE FULFULDE 1 PERSONNE DANS L'EQUIPE NE PARLE FULFULDE 2 PERSONNE DANS L'EQUIPE NE PARLE LE FULFULDE 1 PERSONNE DANS L'EQUIPE NE PARLE LE TAMAGEQ 1 PERSONNE DANS L'ÉQUIPE NE PARLLE COTTECTEMENT LA LANGUE D 1 PERSONNE DANS L'ÉQUIPE NE PARLLE CORRECTEMENT LA LANGUE DE 1 PERSONNE DANS L'ÉQUIPE NE PARLLE CORRECTEMENT LA LANGUE DU 1 PERSONNE NE PARLE LE FULFULDE 1 PERSONNE NE PARLE LE FULFULDE DANS L'EQUIPE 4 PERSONNE NE PARLLE CORRECTEMENT LA LANGUE DU RÉPONDANT DAN 1 PROBLEME DE LANGUE 1 PROBLÈME LIÉ A LA LANGUE 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 3 2 Person selected was never at home 6 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 11 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 13 7 No adults in household 4 8 Other 3 9997 Interview was successful 1160 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 (verbatim) 1200 1197 PERSONNE DANS L'EQUIPE NE PARLE FULFLDE 1 PROBLÈME DE LANGUE 1 PROBLEME LIÉ A LA LANGUE 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 2 Person selected was never at home 2 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 2 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 6 7 No adults in household 1 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1187 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 1200 2 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 1 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1197 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1197 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 (verbatim) 1200 1199 INTRODUCTION DANS UN AUTRE COMPARTIMENT DU VILLAGE POUR CHO 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 1200 2 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 1 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1198 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Q112. Interviewer Number 1200 NGR01 7 NGR02 1 NGR04 1 NGR05 1 NGR06 54 NGR07 47 NGR08 54 NGR09 54 NGR10 62 NGR11 62 NGR12 61 NGR13 62 NGR14 64 NGR15 64 NGR16 64 NGR17 64 NGR18 60 NGR19 60 NGR20 59 NGR21 60 NGR22 60 NGR23 60 NGR24 59 NGR25 60 Q113. Interviewer’s age 1200 26 54 26 60 27 61 28 122 29 123 30 59 32 118 33 107 34 7 37 175 38 62 39 1 40 1 43 64 46 54 48 60 53 64 54 62 Q114. Interviewer’s gender 1200 1 2 1 Male 664 2 Female 536 Q115. Interviewer rural or urban 1200 1 2 1 Rural 842 2 Urban 358 Q116. Interviewer's home language 1200 1100 1103 1100 Haoussa 435 1101 Zarma/Songhay 657 1102 FUlfuldé 0 1103 Tamasheq 108 1104 Kanouri 0 1105 Gourmantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 0 1107 Toubou 0 9995 Other 0 Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe 1200 1100 1103 1100 Haoussa 540 1101 Zrama/Songhay 372 1102 Fulfuldé 180 1103 Tamasheq 108 1104 Kanouri 0 1105 Gourmantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 0 1107 Toubou 0 9995 Other 0 Q118. Interviewer's education 1200 5 8 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some secondary school / high school 0 5 Secondary school / high school completed 62 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university 54 7 Some university 234 8 University completed 850 9 Post graduate 0 Q119. Other spoken languages_first 1200 1100 1101 1100 Haoussa 960 1101 Zrama/Songhay 240 1102 Fulfuldé 0 1103 Tamasheq 0 1104 Kanouri 0 1105 Goumantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 0 1107 Toubou 0 9995 Other 0 Q119. Other spoken languages_second 1200 1101 9996 1100 Haoussa 0 1101 Zrama/Songhay 663 1102 Fulfuldé 0 1103 Tamasheq 54 1104 Kanouri 0 1105 Goumantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 0 1107 Toubou 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 483 Q119. Other spoken languages_third 1200 1102 9996 1100 Haoussa 0 1101 Zrama/Songhay 0 1102 Fulfuldé 59 1103 Tamasheq 55 1104 Kanouri 0 1105 Goumantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 59 1107 Toubou 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 1027 Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth 1200 1103 9996 1100 Haoussa 0 1101 Zrama/Songhay 0 1102 Fulfuldé 0 1103 Tamasheq 59 1104 Kanouri 0 1105 Goumantchéma 0 1106 Arabe 0 1107 Toubou 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 1141 within country weighting factor 1200 0.0287518254937119 2.91314067728026