NGA_2001_AFB-R1.5_v01_M DDI_NGA_2001_AFB-R1.5_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2021-04-23 Metadata Editor Version 01 (April 2021) NGA_2001_AFB-R1.5_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2001 Round 1.5 AFB-R1.5 2001 Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR) Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) Institute for Development Studies (IDS) Michigan State University (MSU) University of Cape Town (UCT, South Africa) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 1.5 surveys were conducted between 2001 and 2002 in two countries (Namibia and Nigeria). Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The initial (Round 1) survey covered 7 countries. Nigeria National coverage The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district. Individual The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Face-to-face [f2f] Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. nig_r1-5_data.sav 2210 329 .sav Afrobarometer round 1.5 survey data respno 2210 1 3244 Sequential serial number 2210 1 2210 Household back-checked? Household back-checked? 2210 1 2 1 Yes 1691 2 No 519 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit PSU 2210 1 2 1 Urban 1070 2 Rural 1140 State State 2210 1 29 1 Lagos 216 2 Ogun 48 3 Ondo 72 4 Oyo 108 5 Ekiti 36 6 Osun 24 7 Delta 108 8 Edo 36 9 Rivers 84 10 Bayelsa 120 11 Abia 98 12 Anambra 72 13 Enugu 96 14 Akwa-Ibom 48 15 Plateau 84 16 FCT 12 17 Katsina 96 18 Kaduna 96 19 Kano 96 20 Sokoto 96 21 Zamfara 96 22 Kwara 60 23 Cross River 48 24 Kogi 48 25 Niger 48 26 Adamawa 48 27 Bauchi 96 28 Borno 60 29 Benue 60 Geopolitical Region Region 2210 400 406 400 Lagos 216 401 South West 288 402 South East 266 403 South South 444 404 North West 480 405 North East 204 406 North Central 312 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 1 Reasons for Substitution – Household 1 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 258 2 Person selected was never at home 89 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 185 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 8 5 Did not fit gender quota 155 6 Other 14 997 Not applicable 1501 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 2 Reasons for Substitution – Household 2 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 125 2 Person selected was never at home 67 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 120 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 7 5 Did not fit gender quota 92 6 Other 5 997 Not applicable 1794 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 3 Reasons for Substitution – Household 3 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 56 2 Person selected was never at home 30 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 67 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 3 5 Did not fit gender quota 54 6 Other 2 997 Not applicable 1998 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 4 Reasons for Substitution – Household 4 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 24 2 Person selected was never at home 22 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 31 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 3 5 Did not fit gender quota 26 6 Other 4 997 Not applicable 2100 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 5 Reasons for Substitution – Household 5 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 19 2 Person selected was never at home 11 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 19 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Did not fit gender quota 17 6 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2143 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 6 Reasons for Substitution – Household 6 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 10 2 Person selected was never at home 4 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 12 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Did not fit gender quota 10 6 Other 1 997 Not applicable 2173 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 7 Reasons for Substitution – Household 7 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 2 Person selected was never at home 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 7 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 6 Other 0 997 Not applicable 2194 Previous interview, gender Previous interview was with a: 2210 1 2 1 Male 1105 2 Female 1105 This interview, gender This interview must be with a: 2210 1 2 1 Male 1105 2 Female 1105 Number of calls How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 2210 1 3 1 1 2000 2 2 165 3 3 45 Date of Interview Date of interview 2210 2001-08-21 5 2001-08-22 30 2001-08-23 45 2001-08-24 50 2001-08-25 273 2001-08-26 340 2001-08-27 339 2001-08-28 390 2001-08-29 285 2001-08-30 210 2001-08-31 114 2001-09-01 24 2001-09-02 20 2001-09-06 12 2001-09-07 37 2001-09-08 24 2001-09-09 12 Time interview started 2210 Q1a. Country's present economic condition In general, how would you describe: The present economic conditions of this country? 2210 1 9 1 Very Bad 515 2 Fairly bad 466 3 Neither good nor bad 171 4 Fairly good 855 5 Very good 185 9 Don't know 18 Q1b. Present personal living conditions In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions? 2210 1 9 1 Very Bad 237 2 Fairly bad 412 3 Neither good nor bad 225 4 Fairly good 1075 5 Very good 255 9 Don't know 6 Q2a Nigeria's economy vs neighbours In general, how do you rate: The economic conditions in this country compared to those in neighbouring countries? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 132 2 Worse 473 3 Same 256 4 Better 974 5 Much Better 183 9 Don't know 192 Q2b. Your living conditions vs. other Nigerians In general, how do you rate: Your living conditions compared to those of other Nigerians? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 62 2 Worse 346 3 Same 458 4 Better 1060 5 Much Better 205 9 Don't know 79 Q3a. Country's economy 12 months ago Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Economic conditions in this country? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 166 2 Worse 559 3 Same 438 4 Better 873 5 Much Better 154 9 Don't know 20 Q3b. Your living condition 12 months ago Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Your living conditions? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 73 2 Worse 396 3 Same 492 4 Better 968 5 Much Better 266 9 Don't know 15 Q4a. Expectation of country's economy next 12 months Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Economic conditions in this country in twelve months time? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 41 2 Worse 130 3 Same 159 4 Better 1081 5 Much Better 666 9 Don't know 133 Q4b. Expectation of your living condition next 12 months Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Your living conditions in twelve months time? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 24 2 Worse 82 3 Same 141 4 Better 896 5 Much Better 968 9 Don't know 99 Q5a. Meaning of "poor" 1st Mention In your opinion, what does it mean to be “poor”? 2210 1 999 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing 0 1 Lack of food 847 2 Lack of shelter 125 3 Lack of clothing 86 4 Lack of money 485 5 Low living standards 210 6 Lack of social amenities 28 7 Lack of education/knowledge 28 8 Lack of employment/job 210 9 Low levels of health 14 10 Powerlessness 37 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 20 12 Any life-threatening situation 0 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 2 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 5 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 0 16 Psychological status/mental health 1 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 0 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 8 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 1 20 Laziness/person who won't work 19 21 Lack of family/social support network 17 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 40 23 Beggar/destitute 9 24 Unreligious 2 25 A farmer 2 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 9 995 Other 1 996 No further answer 0 997 Refused to answer 1 999 Don't know 3 Q5b. Meaning of "poor" 2nd Mention In your opinion, what does it mean to be “poor”? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing 0 1 Lack of food 465 2 Lack of shelter 280 3 Lack of clothing 260 4 Lack of money 254 5 Low living standards 142 6 Lack of social amenities 42 7 Lack of education/knowledge 53 8 Lack of employment/job 210 9 Low levels of health 46 10 Powerlessness 29 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 31 12 Any life-threatening situation 4 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 4 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 4 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 2 16 Psychological status/mental health 3 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 2 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 0 20 Laziness/person who won't work 16 21 Lack of family/social support network 25 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 110 23 Beggar/destitute 10 24 Unreligious 0 25 A farmer 1 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 5 995 Other 1 996 No further answer 192 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q5c. Meaning of "poor" 3rd Mention In your opinion, what does it mean to be “poor”? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing 0 1 Lack of food 155 2 Lack of shelter 264 3 Lack of clothing 224 4 Lack of money 121 5 Low living standards 75 6 Lack of social amenities 56 7 Lack of education/knowledge 48 8 Lack of employment/job 138 9 Low levels of health 50 10 Powerlessness 43 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 24 12 Any life-threatening situation 1 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 2 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 3 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 0 16 Psychological status/mental health 1 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 0 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 11 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 0 20 Laziness/person who won't work 6 21 Lack of family/social support network 17 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 108 23 Beggar/destitute 8 24 Unreligious 2 25 A farmer 0 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 5 995 Other 1 996 No further answer 847 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q6a. Score self poor/rich today On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 are “poor” people and 10 are “rich” people: Which number would you give yourself today? 2210 0 10 0 00 19 1 01 54 2 02 144 3 03 255 4 04 358 5 05 639 6 06 384 7 07 167 8 08 111 9 09 14 10 10 65 Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 are “poor” people and 10 are “rich” people: Which number would you give your parents ten years ago? 2210 0 10 0 00 38 1 01 73 2 02 169 3 03 253 4 04 317 5 05 409 6 06 285 7 07 219 8 08 214 9 09 96 10 10 137 Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 are “poor” people and 10 are “rich” people: Which number do you expect your children to attain in the future? 2210 0 10 0 00 4 1 01 5 2 02 7 3 03 6 4 04 7 5 05 40 6 06 66 7 07 116 8 08 290 9 09 287 10 10 1382 Q7a. Depend on wage or salary Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Earning a wage or salary? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 1429 1 A Little 335 2 A Lot 434 9 Don't Know 12 Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Buying and selling goods as a trader? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 1049 1 A Little 550 2 A Lot 595 9 Don't Know 16 Q7c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Doing work in-kind for food or shelter? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 1615 1 A Little 366 2 A Lot 210 9 Don't Know 19 Q7d. Employ other people to work for you Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Employing other people to work for you? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 1651 1 A Little 431 2 A Lot 109 9 Don't Know 19 Q7e. Participating in a community savings group Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Participating in a community savings group? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 1412 1 A Little 591 2 A Lot 188 9 Don't Know 19 Q7f. Borrow money from friends or family Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Borrowing money from friends or family? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 1127 1 A Little 949 2 A Lot 114 9 Don't Know 20 Q7g. Borrow money from a bank Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Borrowing money from a bank? 2210 0 9 0 Not at All 2056 1 A Little 106 2 A Lot 26 9 Don't Know 22 Q8a. Work to earn money On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Working to earn money? 2210 0 4 0 Spend no time 748 1 Less than 1 hour 64 2 1-2 hours 129 3 3-5 hours 327 4 More than 5 hours 942 Q8b. Grow your own food On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Growing your own food? 2210 0 4 0 Spend no time 1030 1 Less than 1 hour 123 2 1-2 hours 258 3 3-5 hours 348 4 More than 5 hours 451 Q8c. Do household work On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Doing household work? 2210 0 4 0 Spend no time 206 1 Less than 1 hour 412 2 1-2 hours 795 3 3-5 hours 515 4 More than 5 hours 282 Q8d. Take care of children On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Taking care of children? 2210 0 4 0 Spend no time 608 1 Less than 1 hour 401 2 1-2 hours 531 3 3-5 hours 353 4 More than 5 hours 317 Q8e. Care for sick household members On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Caring for sick household members? 2210 0 4 0 Spend no time 628 1 Less than 1 hour 475 2 1-2 hours 537 3 3-5 hours 292 4 More than 5 hours 278 Q9a. Without food Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough food to eat? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1123 1 Just once or twice 453 2 Several times 465 3 Many times 137 4 Always 31 9 Don't Know 1 Q9b. Without water Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough clean water for home use? 2210 0 9 0 Never 747 1 Just once or twice 330 2 Several times 631 3 Many times 266 4 Always 233 9 Don't Know 3 Q9c. Without healthcare Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Medicines or medical treatment? 2210 0 9 0 Never 704 1 Just once or twice 486 2 Several times 631 3 Many times 256 4 Always 130 9 Don't Know 3 Q9d. Without electricity Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Electricity in your home? 2210 0 9 0 Never 145 1 Just once or twice 138 2 Several times 629 3 Many times 504 4 Always 789 9 Don't Know 5 Q9e. Without fuel to cook your food Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough fuel to cook your food? 2210 0 9 0 Never 823 1 Just once or twice 434 2 Several times 614 3 Many times 210 4 Always 120 9 Don't Know 9 Q9f. Without income Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: A cash income? 2210 0 9 0 Never 655 1 Just once or twice 531 2 Several times 631 3 Many times 254 4 Always 127 9 Don't Know 12 Q10a. Turn food To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Enough food to eat? 2210 0 9 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 249 1 Kin 604 2 Community 78 3 Market 137 4 Govt. 12 5 Illicit 5 7 Not applicable 1123 9 Don't know 2 Q10b. Turn water To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Enough clean water for home use? 2210 -1 9 -1 Missing data 1 0 No-one 346 1 Kin 177 2 Community 381 3 Market 301 4 Govt. 250 5 Illicit 5 7 Not applicable 747 9 Don't know 2 Q10c. Turn healthcare To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Medicines or medical treatment? 2210 -1 9 -1 Missing data 1 0 No-one 294 1 Kin 305 2 Community 148 3 Market 408 4 Govt. 339 5 Illicit 4 7 Not applicable 704 9 Don't know 7 Q10d. Turn Electricity To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Electricity in your home? 2210 0 9 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 922 1 Kin 53 2 Community 69 3 Market 124 4 Govt. 885 5 Illicit 4 7 Not applicable 145 9 Don't know 8 Q10e. Turn fuel To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Enough fuel to cook your food? 2210 0 9 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 312 1 Kin 288 2 Community 140 3 Market 529 4 Govt. 112 5 Illicit 2 7 Not applicable 823 9 Don't know 4 Q10f. Turn income To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: A cash income? 2210 0 9 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 349 1 Kin 954 2 Community 113 3 Market 44 4 Govt. 79 5 Illicit 6 7 Not applicable 655 9 Don't know 10 Q11a Ever felt unsafe in your own home? Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe in your own home? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1369 1 Rarely 456 2 Sometime 280 3 Often 73 4 Always 26 9 Don't Know 6 Q11b Home ever broken into and had something stolen Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Had your home broken into and had something stolen? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1661 1 Rarely 267 2 Sometime 217 3 Often 40 4 Always 20 9 Don't Know 5 Q11c Ever been physically attacked Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1682 1 Rarely 294 2 Sometime 163 3 Often 48 4 Always 16 9 Don't Know 7 Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy 2210 1 9 1 STATEMENT C: doesn't matter 349 2 STATEMENT B: government-run economy 583 3 STATEMENT A: market economy 1215 9 Don't know 63 Q13a Government manages production and distribution There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The government plans the production and distribution of all goods and services? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 345 2 Disapprove 584 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 247 4 Approve 602 5 Strongly Approve 356 9 Don't Know 76 Q13b Individuals decide what to produce, buy and sell There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Individuals decide for themselves what to produce and what to buy and sell? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 109 2 Disapprove 336 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 270 4 Approve 879 5 Strongly Approve 571 9 Don't Know 45 Q13c People go back to the land and provide for their own needs There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: People go back to the land and provide mainly for their own needs as a community? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 161 2 Disapprove 368 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 326 4 Approve 865 5 Strongly Approve 450 9 Don't Know 40 Q13d Economic experts make the most important decisions about economy There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Economic experts (including foreign donors and investors) make the most important decisions about our economy? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 426 2 Disapprove 569 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 383 4 Approve 474 5 Strongly Approve 210 9 Don't Know 148 Q13e Wealthy Nigerians provide for community needs There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Wealthy Nigerians provide for the needs of their own communities? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 376 2 Disapprove 461 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 308 4 Approve 641 5 Strongly Approve 364 9 Don't Know 60 Q14 User fees for education 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 391 2 Agree with A 269 3 Agree with B 552 4 Agree very stongly with B 937 5 Agree with neither 52 9 Don't know 9 Q15 Liberalization of agricultural marketing 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 437 2 Agree with A 565 3 Agree with B 563 4 Agree very stongly with B 497 5 Agree with neither 120 9 Don't know 28 Q16 Competitive labor market 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 1186 2 Agree with A 680 3 Agree with B 182 4 Agree very stongly with B 106 5 Agree with neither 44 9 Don't know 12 Q17. Propoerty rights 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 1228 2 Agree with A 663 3 Agree with B 151 4 Agree very stongly with B 98 5 Agree with neither 49 9 Don't know 21 Q18. Civil service cutbacks 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 1050 2 Agree with A 803 3 Agree with B 179 4 Agree very stongly with B 76 5 Agree with neither 83 9 Don't know 19 Q19. Trade liberalization 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 401 2 Agree with A 419 3 Agree with B 648 4 Agree very stongly with B 580 5 Agree with neither 127 9 Don't know 35 Q20. Economic patience 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 235 2 Agree with A 379 3 Agree with B 791 4 Agree very stongly with B 643 5 Agree with neither 114 9 Don't know 48 Q21. Helped or hurt? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 200 2 Agree with A 304 3 Agree with B 723 4 Agree very stongly with B 885 5 Agree with neither 59 9 Don't know 39 Q22a. Availability of goods We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The availability of goods? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 185 2 Worse 568 3 Same 411 4 Better 873 5 Much Better 150 9 DK 23 Q22b. People's living standard We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: People’s standard of living? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 249 2 Worse 630 3 Same 382 4 Better 786 5 Much Better 150 9 DK 13 Q22c. Job opportunities We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The availability of job opportunities? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 338 2 Worse 595 3 Same 440 4 Better 681 5 Much Better 117 9 DK 39 Q22d. Gap between rich and poor We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The gap between the rich and the poor? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 533 2 Worse 674 3 Same 430 4 Better 449 5 Much Better 70 9 DK 54 Q22e. Security of property We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The security of property from seizure by the government? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 143 2 Worse 394 3 Same 508 4 Better 865 5 Much Better 160 9 DK 140 Q23. Govt's reduced role in economy As you may know, the government has been reducing its role in the economy. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way this policy works? 2210 0 9 0 Govt has not reduced role 48 1 Not at all satisfied 350 2 Not very satisfied 573 3 Fairly satisfied 878 4 Very satisfied 238 9 Don't Know 123 Q24a Religious group Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A religious group (e.g. church, mosque)? 2210 0 9 0 Not a Member 266 1 Inactive Member 494 2 Active Member 1332 3 Official Leader 116 9 Don't Know 2 Q24b Trade/Farmers Union Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A trade union or farmers association? 2210 0 9 0 Not a Member 1527 1 Inactive Member 297 2 Active Member 319 3 Official Leader 41 9 Don't Know 26 Q24c Prof/business assoc. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A professional or business association? 2210 0 9 0 Not a Member 1751 1 Inactive Member 185 2 Active Member 205 3 Official Leader 37 9 Don't Know 32 Q24d Devel. assoc. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A community development or self-help association? 2210 0 9 0 Not a Member 1421 1 Inactive Member 296 2 Active Member 399 3 Official Leader 67 9 Don't Know 27 Q25a Discuss Politics Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Discussed politics with friends or neighbors? 2210 0 9 0 No, would never do this 152 1 No, but would do if chanced 303 2 Yes, once or twice 676 3 Yes, several times 738 4 Yes, often 334 9 Don't know 7 Q25b Attend community meeting Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a community meeting? 2210 0 9 0 No, would never do this 456 1 No, but would do if chanced 549 2 Yes, once or twice 349 3 Yes, several times 605 4 Yes, often 235 9 Don't know 16 Q25c Raise an issue Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got together with others to raise an issue? 2210 0 9 0 No, would never do this 509 1 No, but would do if chanced 490 2 Yes, once or twice 360 3 Yes, several times 622 4 Yes, often 209 9 Don't know 20 Q25d Attended peaceful demonstration Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a demonstration or protest march? 2210 0 9 0 No, would never do this 1389 1 No, but would do if chanced 456 2 Yes, once or twice 170 3 Yes, several times 121 4 Yes, often 50 9 Don't know 24 Q25e Attended violent demonstration Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Used force or violence for a political cause? 2210 0 9 0 No, would never do this 1780 1 No, but would do if chanced 254 2 Yes, once or twice 59 3 Yes, several times 54 4 Yes, often 24 9 Don't know 39 Q26a Radio news How often do you get news from the following sources: Radio? 2210 0 9 0 Never 123 1 Less than once a month 111 2 A few times a month 166 3 A few times a week 530 4 Every day 1277 9 Don't know 3 Q26b Television news How often do you get news from the following sources: Television? 2210 0 9 0 Never 593 1 Less than once a month 238 2 A few times a month 232 3 A few times a week 459 4 Every day 669 9 Don't know 19 Q26c Newspapers news How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers? 2210 0 9 0 Never 916 1 Less than once a month 321 2 A few times a month 328 3 A few times a week 334 4 Every day 292 9 Don't know 19 Q27 Interest in public affairs Number: How interested are you in public affairs? 2210 0 9 0 Not interested 320 1 Somewhat interested 1076 2 Very interested 804 9 Don't know 10 Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politics and government sometimes seem so complicated that you can’t really understand what’s going on. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 610 2 Agree 900 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 256 4 Disagree 251 5 Strongly Disagree 86 9 Don't know 107 Q28b People don't listen to me on politics Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? As far as politics are concerned, friends and neighbors do not listen to you. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 191 2 Agree 492 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 450 4 Disagree 681 5 Strongly Disagree 283 9 Don't know 113 Q28c Make elected representatives listen Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? If you had to, you would be able to get together with others to make elected representatives listen to your concerns. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 400 2 Agree 844 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 433 4 Disagree 246 5 Strongly Disagree 169 9 Don't know 118 Q29a Contact LG Councillor During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A Local Government councilor? 2210 1 4 1 Never 1829 2 Only once 152 3 Sometimes 173 4 Often 56 Q29b Contact Nat. Rep. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A National Assembly representative? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2095 2 Only once 46 3 Sometimes 52 4 Often 17 Q29c Contact government official During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: An official of a government ministry? 2210 1 4 1 Never 1931 2 Only once 108 3 Sometimes 122 4 Often 49 Q29d Contact political party official During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A political party official? 2210 1 4 1 Never 1876 2 Only once 116 3 Sometimes 151 4 Often 67 Q29e Contact religious leader During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A religious leader? 2210 1 4 1 Never 1072 2 Only once 288 3 Sometimes 587 4 Often 263 Q29f Contact trad. ruler During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A traditional ruler? 2210 1 4 1 Never 1573 2 Only once 229 3 Sometimes 285 4 Often 123 Q29g Contact influential person During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: Some other influential person? 2210 1 4 1 Never 1443 2 Only once 248 3 Sometimes 376 4 Often 143 Q30 Support elections 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 1295 2 Agree with A 591 3 Agree with B 174 4 Agree very stongly with B 113 5 Agree with neither 27 9 Don't know 10 Q31 Support multiple parties 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 347 2 Agree with A 357 3 Agree with B 664 4 Agree very stongly with B 712 5 Agree with neither 108 9 Don't know 22 Q32 Support presidential term limits 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 118 2 Agree with A 200 3 Agree with B 649 4 Agree very stongly with B 1121 5 Agree with neither 77 9 Don't know 45 Q33 Support legislative checks and balances 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 787 2 Agree with A 686 3 Agree with B 292 4 Agree very stongly with B 147 5 Agree with neither 213 9 Don't know 85 Q34 Political patienc 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 712 2 Agree with A 870 3 Agree with B 293 4 Agree very stongly with B 228 5 Agree with neither 69 9 Don't know 38 Q35a One-party rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 1032 2 Disapprove 704 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 147 4 Approve 182 5 Strongly Approve 85 9 Don't Know 60 Q35b Traditional rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? All decisions are made by a council of chiefs or elders. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 602 2 Disapprove 765 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 268 4 Approve 390 5 Strongly Approve 111 9 Don't Know 74 Q35c Military rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? The army comes in to govern the country. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 1262 2 Disapprove 526 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 182 4 Approve 127 5 Strongly Approve 59 9 Don't Know 54 Q35d One -man rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? Elections and the National Assembly are abolished so that the president can decide everything. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 920 2 Disapprove 665 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 270 4 Approve 176 5 Strongly Approve 63 9 Don't Know 116 Q36a Free to say We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to say what you think? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 12 2 Worse 72 3 Same 253 4 Better 1436 5 Much Better 389 9 Don't know 48 Q36b Join any organisation We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to join any political organization you want? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 9 2 Worse 44 3 Same 249 4 Better 1366 5 Much Better 486 9 Don't know 56 Q36c Fear of unjust arrest We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Fear of being arrested when you are innocent? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 20 2 Worse 110 3 Same 427 4 Better 1226 5 Much Better 370 9 Don't know 57 Q36d Freedom to choose We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to choose who to vote for without feeling pressured? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 12 2 Worse 64 3 Same 283 4 Better 1345 5 Much Better 447 9 Don't know 59 Q36e Influence government We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The ability of ordinary people to influence what government does? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 39 2 Worse 185 3 Same 547 4 Better 1060 5 Much Better 269 9 Don't know 110 Q36f Safety from crime/violence We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Safety from crime and violence? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 83 2 Worse 295 3 Same 540 4 Better 1015 5 Much Better 211 9 Don't know 66 Q36g Treated equally We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Equal and fair treatment for all people by government? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 120 2 Worse 305 3 Same 558 4 Better 962 5 Much Better 195 9 Don't know 70 Q37 Is Nigeria a democracy? In your opinion how much of a democracy is Nigeria today? 2210 1 9 1 Not a democracy 100 2 A democracy, with major problems 1023 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 822 4 A full democracy 208 8 Do not understand question/democracy 16 9 Don't know 41 Q38 Support for democracy 2210 1 9 1 STATEMENT C: doesn't matter 262 2 STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democratic 328 3 STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable 1578 9 Don't know 42 Q39 Type of democracy 2210 1 9 -1 Missing data 0 1 Agree very strongly with A 646 2 Agree with A 518 3 Agree with B 427 4 Agree very stongly with B 505 5 Agree with neither 86 9 Don't know 28 Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Nigeria? Are you: 2210 0 9 0 Nigeria is not a democracy 12 1 Not at all satisfied 245 2 Not very satisfied 686 3 Fairly satisfied 971 4 Very satisfied 262 9 Don't Know 34 Q41a Have to be careful about what you say In this country, how often: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? 2210 0 9 0 Never 493 1 Rarely 1481 2 Often 103 3 Always 77 9 Don't know 56 Q41b Party competition leads to conflict In this country, how often: Does competition between political parties lead to conflict? 2210 0 9 0 Never 151 1 Rarely 586 2 Often 920 3 Always 449 9 Don't know 104 Q41c President ignores constitution In this country, how often: Does the President ignore the constitution? 2210 0 9 0 Never 527 1 Rarely 724 2 Often 359 3 Always 148 9 Don't know 452 Q41d Unequally treated under the law In this country, how often: Are people treated unequally under the law? 2210 0 9 0 Never 300 1 Rarely 616 2 Often 676 3 Always 437 9 Don't know 181 Q42a Constitution expresses Nigerians values For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Our constitution expresses the values and aspirations of the Nigerian people. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 158 2 Agree 325 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 284 4 Disagree 861 5 Strongly Disagree 387 9 Don't know 195 Q42b Courts have the right to make decisions For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to make decisions that people always have to abide by. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 76 2 Agree 255 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 209 4 Disagree 1083 5 Strongly Disagree 500 9 Don't know 87 Q42c Police have the right to make people obey the law For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right to make people obey the law. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 80 2 Agree 199 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 203 4 Disagree 1126 5 Strongly Disagree 533 9 Don't know 69 Q42d Tax department have the right to make people pay taxes For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax department always has the right to make people pay taxes. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 86 2 Agree 189 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 238 4 Disagree 1089 5 Strongly Disagree 514 9 Don't know 94 Q43a Trust President How much do you trust each of the following: The President? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 360 1 A little bit 948 2 Quite a lot 540 3 A lot 327 9 Don't know 35 Q43b Trust National Assembly How much do you trust each of the following: The National Assembly? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 651 1 A little bit 1017 2 Quite a lot 327 3 A lot 121 9 Don't know 94 Q43c Trust Electoral Commission How much do you trust each of the following: The Independent National Electoral Commission? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 666 1 A little bit 990 2 Quite a lot 351 3 A lot 110 9 Don't know 93 Q43d Trust State Government How much do you trust each of the following: State Government? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 478 1 A little bit 976 2 Quite a lot 468 3 A lot 248 9 Don't know 40 Q43e Trust Local Government How much do you trust each of the following: Local Government? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 594 1 A little bit 992 2 Quite a lot 415 3 A lot 178 9 Don't know 31 Q43f Trust Ruling Party How much do you trust each of the following: The Ruling Party? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 552 1 A little bit 1018 2 Quite a lot 378 3 A lot 183 9 Don't know 79 Q43g Trust Opposition Parties How much do you trust each of the following: Opposition Political Parties? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 756 1 A little bit 981 2 Quite a lot 259 3 A lot 90 9 Don't know 124 Q43h Trust Army How much do you trust each of the following: The Army? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 1168 1 A little bit 691 2 Quite a lot 198 3 A lot 110 9 Don't know 43 Q43i Trust Police How much do you trust each of the following: The Police? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 1293 1 A little bit 659 2 Quite a lot 164 3 A lot 64 9 Don't know 30 Q43j Trust law courts How much do you trust each of the following: Courts of Law? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 530 1 A little bit 1066 2 Quite a lot 400 3 A lot 170 9 Don't know 44 Q43k Trust traditional rulers How much do you trust each of the following: Traditional rulers? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 420 1 A little bit 925 2 Quite a lot 543 3 A lot 289 9 Don't know 33 Q43l Trust Govt. TV or radio How much do you trust each of the following: Government broadcasting service (TV or radio)? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 401 1 A little bit 1061 2 Quite a lot 453 3 A lot 196 9 Don't know 99 Q43m Trust Independent TV or radio How much do you trust each of the following: Independent broadcasting services (TV or radio)? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 351 1 A little bit 929 2 Quite a lot 559 3 A lot 227 9 Don't know 144 Q43n Trust Government newspapers How much do you trust each of the following: Government newspapers? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 443 1 A little bit 1019 2 Quite a lot 392 3 A lot 146 9 Don't know 210 Q43o Trust Independent newspapers How much do you trust each of the following: Independent newspapers? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 372 1 A little bit 915 2 Quite a lot 504 3 A lot 200 9 Don't know 219 Q43p Trust Traders How much do you trust each of the following: Traders in local markets? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 417 1 A little bit 1021 2 Quite a lot 495 3 A lot 204 9 Don't know 73 Q43q Trust Small businesses/shopkeepers How much do you trust each of the following: Small businesses/shopkeepers? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 426 1 A little bit 1063 2 Quite a lot 496 3 A lot 154 9 Don't know 71 Q43r Trust Big private corporations How much do you trust each of the following: Big private corporations? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 473 1 A little bit 1060 2 Quite a lot 424 3 A lot 129 9 Don't know 124 Q43s Trust Public corporations How much do you trust each of the following: Public corporations (like the electricity, telecommunications or agricultural marketing board)? 2210 0 9 0 Not at all 751 1 A little bit 950 2 Quite a lot 283 3 A lot 103 9 Don't know 123 Q44_1 Most important problems - 1st mention In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2210 1 995 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing/No problems 0 1 Unemployment 872 2 Management of the economy 145 3 Poverty/destitution 314 4 Farming/agriculture 89 5 Food shortage/famine 189 6 Communications infrastructure 14 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 23 8 Rates and Taxes 8 9 Education 114 10 Health 65 11 AIDS 11 12 Crime and Security 28 13 Water supply 66 14 Social services (general) 77 15 Transportation 57 16 Housing 11 17 Corruption 81 18 Political violence 7 19 Political divisions/ethnic tensions 8 20 Discrimination/inequality 9 21 Gender issues 1 22 Democracy 3 23 War (international) 1 26 Inflation/price reduction 0 27 Management of micro-economy 0 30 Electricity 13 31 Sharia issue/Religious crisis 3 163 Environmental degradation 0 995 Others 1 996 No reply/no further reply 0 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q44_2 Most important problems - 2nd mention In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing/No problems 0 1 Unemployment 313 2 Management of the economy 162 3 Poverty/destitution 321 4 Farming/agriculture 149 5 Food shortage/famine 234 6 Communications infrastructure 26 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 59 8 Rates and Taxes 17 9 Education 241 10 Health 112 11 AIDS 37 12 Crime and Security 54 13 Water supply 115 14 Social services (general) 91 15 Transportation 75 16 Housing 24 17 Corruption 128 18 Political violence 11 19 Political divisions/ethnic tensions 16 20 Discrimination/inequality 14 21 Gender issues 0 22 Democracy 3 23 War (international) 0 26 Inflation/price reduction 0 27 Management of micro-economy 0 30 Electricity 7 31 Sharia issue/Religious crisis 0 163 Environmental degradation 0 995 Others 0 996 No reply/no further reply 1 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q44_3 Most important problems - 3rd mention In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 Nothing/No problems 0 1 Unemployment 225 2 Management of the economy 115 3 Poverty/destitution 185 4 Farming/agriculture 115 5 Food shortage/famine 170 6 Communications infrastructure 24 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 52 8 Rates and Taxes 11 9 Education 256 10 Health 199 11 AIDS 33 12 Crime and Security 47 13 Water supply 125 14 Social services (general) 113 15 Transportation 108 16 Housing 48 17 Corruption 218 18 Political violence 18 19 Political divisions/ethnic tensions 30 20 Discrimination/inequality 28 21 Gender issues 4 22 Democracy 6 23 War (international) 5 26 Inflation/price reduction 0 27 Management of micro-economy 0 30 Electricity 14 31 Sharia issue/Religious crisis 2 163 Environmental degradation 1 995 Others 1 996 No reply/no further reply 57 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q45a Handling economy Now let’s speak about the present government of this country. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Managing the economy? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 372 2 Fairly Badly 564 3 Fairly Well 1088 4 Very Well 138 9 Don't know 48 Q45b Handling jobs How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Creating jobs? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 477 2 Fairly Badly 650 3 Fairly Well 878 4 Very Well 166 9 Don't know 39 Q45c Handling prices How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Keeping prices stable? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 799 2 Fairly Badly 825 3 Fairly Well 505 4 Very Well 53 9 Don't know 28 Q45d Handling gaps How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Narrowing income gaps between rich and poor? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 797 2 Fairly Badly 768 3 Fairly Well 490 4 Very Well 79 9 Don't know 76 Q45e Handling crime How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Reducing crime? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 317 2 Fairly Badly 581 3 Fairly Well 1040 4 Very Well 233 9 Don't know 39 Q45f Handling health How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Improving basic health services? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 226 2 Fairly Badly 547 3 Fairly Well 1147 4 Very Well 252 9 Don't know 38 Q45g Handling education How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Addressing educational needs? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 260 2 Fairly Badly 550 3 Fairly Well 1098 4 Very Well 266 9 Don't know 36 Q45h Handling household water How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Delivering household water? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 521 2 Fairly Badly 708 3 Fairly Well 798 4 Very Well 134 9 Don't know 49 Q45i Handling food security How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 701 2 Fairly Badly 797 3 Fairly Well 567 4 Very Well 98 9 Don't know 47 Q45j Handling corruption How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Fighting corruption in government? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 470 2 Fairly Badly 598 3 Fairly Well 827 4 Very Well 243 9 Don't know 72 Q45k Handling conflict resolution How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Resolving conflicts between communities? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 270 2 Fairly Badly 503 3 Fairly Well 1057 4 Very Well 319 9 Don't know 61 Q45l Handling HIV/AIDS How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Combating HIV/AIDS? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 153 2 Fairly Badly 371 3 Fairly Well 953 4 Very Well 521 9 Don't know 212 Q46. AIDS spending 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 447 2 Agree with A 382 3 Agree with B 562 4 Agree very stongly with B 569 5 Agree with neither 193 9 Don't know 57 Q47 Proportion of problems that the government can solve What proportion of the country’s problems do you think the government can solve? 2210 1 6 1 All of them 412 2 Most of them 938 3 Some of them 659 4 Very few of them 163 5 None of them 12 6 Don't know 26 Q48a Performance: President Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months: President Obasanjo 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 155 2 Disapprove 385 3 Approve 1267 4 Strongly Approve 335 9 Don't Know 68 Q48b Performance: Nat Ass Rep Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months: Your Representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 269 2 Disapprove 753 3 Approve 892 4 Strongly Approve 109 9 Don't Know 187 Q48c Performance: State Rep Performance Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months: Your Representative to the State Assembly? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 272 2 Disapprove 772 3 Approve 874 4 Strongly Approve 119 9 Don't Know 173 Q48d Performance: LG councilor Performance Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your local government councilor? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 346 2 Disapprove 708 3 Approve 906 4 Strongly Approve 148 9 Don't Know 102 Q49a Responsibilities of a Rep - 1st Mention In your opinion, what are the most important responsibilities of your representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 999 -1 Missing data 0 0 None 0 1 Make laws 405 2 Approve/ratify budget 11 3 Listen to the people 222 4 Represent that people 503 5 Check and balance executive branch 47 6 Deliver development 536 7 Fight corruption 39 8 Make the government work better 34 9 Ensure economic equality 13 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 6 11 To ensure justice 21 12 To rule/to govern 7 13 Ensure national unity 22 14 National security 5 15 Interpret laws/constitution 4 16 Civic education 10 17 Environment 1 20 Implement education policies 50 21 Implement health policies 35 22 Create employment 116 23 Control prices 5 24 Control crime 7 25 Manage the macro-economy 20 995 Other 1 997 Refused to answer 1 999 Don't know 89 Q49b Responsibilities of a Rep - 2nd Mention In your opinion, what are the most important responsibilities of your representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 None 0 1 Make laws 206 2 Approve/ratify budget 13 3 Listen to the people 104 4 Represent that people 298 5 Check and balance executive branch 73 6 Deliver development 367 7 Fight corruption 53 8 Make the government work better 39 9 Ensure economic equality 17 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 6 11 To ensure justice 20 12 To rule/to govern 9 13 Ensure national unity 28 14 National security 6 15 Interpret laws/constitution 3 16 Civic education 10 17 Environment 2 20 Implement education policies 100 21 Implement health policies 59 22 Create employment 149 23 Control prices 15 24 Control crime 13 25 Manage the macro-economy 30 995 Other 2 996 No further answer 588 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q49c Responsibilities of a Rep. - 3rd Mention In your opinion, what are the most important responsibilities of your representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data 0 0 None 0 1 Make laws 60 2 Approve/ratify budget 7 3 Listen to the people 44 4 Represent that people 77 5 Check and balance executive branch 37 6 Deliver development 119 7 Fight corruption 28 8 Make the government work better 27 9 Ensure economic equality 16 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 2 11 To ensure justice 21 12 To rule/to govern 10 13 Ensure national unity 28 14 National security 8 15 Interpret laws/constitution 1 16 Civic education 7 17 Environment 1 20 Implement education policies 33 21 Implement health policies 25 22 Create employment 71 23 Control prices 11 24 Control crime 14 25 Manage the macro-economy 8 995 Other 0 996 No further answer 1555 997 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q50a Leaders look after the interests of people How much of the time do you think elected leaders try their best: To look after the interests of people like you? 2210 0 9 0 Never 988 1 Some of the time 929 2 Most of the time 202 3 Always 47 9 Don't know 44 Q50b Leaders listen to what people have to say How much of the time do you think elected leaders try their best: To listen to what people like you have to say? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1162 1 Some of the time 791 2 Most of the time 166 3 Always 45 9 Don't know 46 Q51a Corruption: Officials in the Presidency How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Officials in the Office of the President? 2210 0 9 0 None 65 1 Some of them 1229 2 Most of them 572 3 All of them 199 9 Don't Know 145 Q51b Corruption: Elected leaders How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Elected leaders? 2210 0 9 0 None 43 1 Some of them 1109 2 Most of them 712 3 All of them 239 9 Don't Know 107 Q51c Corruption: Government officials How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Government officials? 2210 0 9 0 None 28 1 Some of them 1116 2 Most of them 736 3 All of them 236 9 Don't Know 94 Q51d Corruption: Police How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Police? 2210 0 9 0 None 45 1 Some of them 642 2 Most of them 803 3 All of them 660 9 Don't Know 60 Q51e Corruption: Border officials How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Border officials (e.g. customs and immigration)? 2210 0 9 0 None 40 1 Some of them 864 2 Most of them 790 3 All of them 369 9 Don't Know 147 Q51f Corruption: Judges and magistrates How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Judges and magistrates? 2210 0 9 0 None 72 1 Some of them 1291 2 Most of them 579 3 All of them 163 9 Don't Know 105 Q51g Corruption: Local businessmen How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Local businessmen? 2210 0 9 0 None 107 1 Some of them 1363 2 Most of them 490 3 All of them 140 9 Don't Know 110 Q51h Corruption: Foreign businessmen How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Foreign businessmen? 2210 0 9 0 None 100 1 Some of them 1236 2 Most of them 545 3 All of them 135 9 Don't Know 194 Q51i Corruption: Teachers and school administrators How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Teachers and school administrators? 2210 0 9 0 None 239 1 Some of them 1377 2 Most of them 416 3 All of them 89 9 Don't Know 89 Q51j Corruption: Religious leaders 2210 0 9 0 None 555 1 Some of them 1263 2 Most of them 221 3 All of them 54 9 Don't Know 117 Q52a Law enforcement: Committed a serious crime? How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like yourself: Committed a serious crime? 2210 1 9 1 Not at all likely 157 2 Not very likely 196 3 Likely 676 4 Very likely 1146 9 Don't know 35 Q52b Law enforcement: Evade Tax How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like yourself: Did not pay a tax on some of the income they earned? 2210 1 9 1 Not at all likely 164 2 Not very likely 313 3 Likely 784 4 Very likely 884 9 Don't know 65 Q52c Law Enforcement: Didn't pay for household services How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like yourself: Obtained household services (like water and electricity) without paying? 2210 1 9 1 Not at all likely 205 2 Not very likely 312 3 Likely 747 4 Very likely 883 9 Don't know 63 Q53a Former vs current govt: Ability to enforce the law 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 117 2 Less 486 3 About the same 477 4 More 894 5 Much More 177 9 Don't Know 59 Q53b Former vs current govt: Effective delivery of services Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Effective in the delivery of services? 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 90 2 Less 298 3 About the same 509 4 More 1063 5 Much More 185 9 Don't Know 65 Q53c Former vs current govt: Corruption Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Corrupt? 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 197 2 Less 729 3 About the same 590 4 More 476 5 Much More 166 9 Don't Know 52 Q53d Former vs current govt: Trustworthy Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Trustworthy? 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 197 2 Less 729 3 About the same 590 4 More 476 5 Much More 166 9 Don't Know 52 Q54 Identity, besides being a Nigerian Let’s go back to talking about you. We have spoken to many Nigerians and they have all described themselves in different ways. Some people describe themselves in terms of their language, ethnic group, race, religion, or gender and others describe themselves in economic terms, such as working class, middle class, or a farmer. Besides being Nigerian, which specific group do you feel you belong to first and foremost? 2210 1 15 0 Can't explain 0 1 Language/tribe/ethnic group 648 2 Race 0 3 Region 35 4 Religion 473 5 Occupation 583 6 Class 322 7 Gender 91 8 Individual/personal 22 10 Won't differentiate/National identity 10 12 Traditional leader 3 13 Political party indentity 2 14 Age-related 20 15 African/West African/Pan African 1 89 Other 0 97 Refused to answer 0 98 Missing data 0 99 Don't know 0 Q55 Identity condition Are ____________s’ [respondent’s identity group] economic conditions worse, the same as, or better than other groups in this country? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 120 2 Worse 718 3 Same 695 4 Better 507 5 Much Better 125 7 Not applicable 10 9 Don't know 35 Q56 Identity treated fairly 2210 0 9 0 Never 333 1 Sometimes 1015 2 Often 504 3 Always 269 7 Not applicable 10 9 Don't know 79 Q57 Identity versus Nigerian Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Nigerian and being a ________ [respondent’s identity group]. Which of these two groups do you feel most strongly attached to? 2210 0 9 0 Nigerian 1074 1 Identity 1106 7 Not applicable 10 9 Don't know 20 Q58a Obtaining an identity document Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? An identity document (such as a birth certificate or passport). 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 298 2 Difficult 541 3 Easy 544 4 Very Easy 107 7 Never Try 666 9 Don't know 54 Q58b Primary School placement for child Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A place in primary school for a child. 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 131 2 Difficult 379 3 Easy 976 4 Very Easy 261 7 Never Try 439 9 Don't know 24 Q58c Obtaining voter registration card for yourself Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A voter registration card for yourself. 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 155 2 Difficult 336 3 Easy 1070 4 Very Easy 275 7 Never Try 349 9 Don't know 25 Q58d Obtaining household services Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Household services (like piped water, electricity or telephone). 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 621 2 Difficult 647 3 Easy 223 4 Very Easy 28 7 Never Try 648 9 Don't know 43 Q58e Obtaining loan or payment from government Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A loan or payment from government (such as agricultural credit or a welfare grant). 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 570 2 Difficult 380 3 Easy 80 4 Very Easy 23 7 Never Try 1101 9 Don't know 56 Q58f Obtaining help from the police Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Help from the police when you need it. 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 467 2 Difficult 568 3 Easy 269 4 Very Easy 39 7 Never Try 826 9 Don't know 41 Q59a Ever pay bribe to get document or permit In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Get a document or a permit? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1717 1 Once or Twice 224 2 A Few Times 170 3 Often 64 9 Don't Know 35 Q59b Ever pay bribe to get child into school In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Get a child into school? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1675 1 Once or Twice 253 2 A Few Times 194 3 Often 57 9 Don't Know 31 Q59c Ever pay bribe to get household service In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Get a household service (like piped water, electricity, or phone)? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1714 1 Once or Twice 177 2 A Few Times 189 3 Often 81 9 Don't Know 49 Q59d Ever pay bribe to cross a border In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Cross a border (like a customs or immigration post)? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1924 1 Once or Twice 107 2 A Few Times 65 3 Often 45 9 Don't Know 69 Q59e Ever pay bribe to avoid problem with police In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Avoid a problem with the police (like passing a checkpoint or avoiding a fine or arrest)? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1702 1 Once or Twice 184 2 A Few Times 154 3 Often 124 9 Don't Know 46 Q59f Ever pay bribe to obtain anything else In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Anything else? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1880 1 Once or Twice 31 2 A Few Times 27 3 Often 16 9 Don't Know 256 Q60 Delay in obtaining government permit or license What would you do if you were waiting for a government permit or license, but kept encountering delays? 2210 1 999 1 Don't worry, just wait 972 2 Offer a tip or a gift to the official 376 3 Use connections to influential people 215 4 Write a letter to the head office 217 5 Do what you want without the permit 30 6 Do nothing because nothing can be done 285 999 Don't know 115 Q61 Self-reliance or dependence? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 452 2 Agree with A 408 3 Agree with B 622 4 Agree very stongly with B 658 5 Agree with neither 58 9 Don't know 12 Q62 Community well being ahead or own interest? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 507 2 Agree with A 468 3 Agree with B 670 4 Agree very stongly with B 480 5 Agree with neither 71 9 Don't know 14 Q63 Large earmnings gap alright or equality? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 380 2 Agree with A 443 3 Agree with B 649 4 Agree very stongly with B 622 5 Agree with neither 99 9 Don't know 17 Q64 Community decisions or accept differences? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 483 2 Agree with A 483 3 Agree with B 618 4 Agree very stongly with B 540 5 Agree with neither 62 9 Don't know 24 Q65 Question leaders or respect them? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 865 2 Agree with A 774 3 Agree with B 280 4 Agree very stongly with B 203 5 Agree with neither 51 9 Don't know 37 Q66 All should vote or only the educated? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 906 2 Agree with A 656 3 Agree with B 327 4 Agree very stongly with B 244 5 Agree with neither 58 9 Don't know 19 Q67 Women rights or traditional role? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 264 2 Agree with A 382 3 Agree with B 624 4 Agree very stongly with B 877 5 Agree with neither 50 9 Don't know 13 Q68 Wealthy people or ordinary people? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 290 2 Agree with A 296 3 Agree with B 611 4 Agree very stongly with B 842 5 Agree with neither 153 9 Don't know 18 Q69 Leaders should be impartial or help own community? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 848 2 Agree with A 593 3 Agree with B 385 4 Agree very stongly with B 292 5 Agree with neither 78 9 Don't know 14 Q70 Government should be a father or employee? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 781 2 Agree with A 582 3 Agree with B 396 4 Agree very stongly with B 341 5 Agree with neither 96 9 Don't know 14 Q71a Violent conflicts within your family In your experience, how often do violent conflicts arise between people: Within your own family? 2210 0 9 0 Never 1055 1 Rarely 733 2 Sometime 350 3 Often 49 4 Always 15 9 Don't Know 8 Q71b Violent conflicts within community In your experience, how often do violent conflicts arise between people: Within the community where you live? 2210 0 9 0 Never 561 1 Rarely 657 2 Sometime 726 3 Often 179 4 Always 70 9 Don't Know 17 Q71c Violent conflicts within nation In your experience, how often do violent conflicts arise between people: Between different groups in this country? 2210 0 9 0 Never 223 1 Rarely 316 2 Sometime 827 3 Often 488 4 Always 297 9 Don't Know 59 Q72a Cause of violent conflicts 1st Mention Over what sort of problems do violent conflicts most often arise between different groups in this country? 2210 1 999 -1 Missing data 0 1 Religion 500 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 239 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 4 Political party disputes 134 5 Political leadership disputes 100 6 Personal properties / inheritance 16 7 Natural resources 100 8 Boundary or land disputes 566 9 Economic problems 113 10 Social deprivation 33 11 Traditional leadership disputes 33 12 Location of local government centers 11 13 Interpersonal/family matters 8 14 Group conflict 66 15 Corruption/illegal activity 22 16 Labour/workplace disputes 2 17 Sports supporters 3 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 1 19 Personal behaviors 21 995 Other 0 996 No further answer 0 997 Not applicable 223 998 Refused to answer 1 999 Don't know 14 Q72b Cause of violent conflicts 2nd mention Over what sort of problems do violent conflicts most often arise between different groups in this country? 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Religion 432 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 263 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 4 Political party disputes 133 5 Political leadership disputes 113 6 Personal properties / inheritance 14 7 Natural resources 124 8 Boundary or land disputes 358 9 Economic problems 124 10 Social deprivation 48 11 Traditional leadership disputes 41 12 Location of local government centers 8 13 Interpersonal/family matters 5 14 Group conflict 59 15 Corruption/illegal activity 13 16 Labour/workplace disputes 7 17 Sports supporters 2 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 5 19 Personal behaviors 15 995 Other 1 996 No further answer 218 997 Not applicable 223 998 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q72c Cause of violent conflicts 3rd mention Over what sort of problems do violent conflicts most often arise between different groups in this country? 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 0 1 Religion 189 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 159 3 Exclusion from political leadership 1 4 Political party disputes 100 5 Political leadership disputes 87 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 7 Natural resources 58 8 Boundary or land disputes 166 9 Economic problems 63 10 Social deprivation 37 11 Traditional leadership disputes 37 12 Location of local government centers 6 13 Interpersonal/family matters 5 14 Group conflict 32 15 Corruption/illegal activity 14 16 Labour/workplace disputes 2 17 Sports supporters 5 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 1 19 Personal behaviors 17 995 Other 0 996 No further answer 1001 997 Not applicable 223 998 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 0 Q73_1 Who should resolve violent conflicts 1st Mention Who would do you turn for help to resolve a violent conflict between different groups in this country? 2210 0 999 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 97 1 The people involved in the conflict 229 2 Family/friends/neighbors 198 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 470 4 Traditional courts 69 5 Local courts 56 6 Local administration 86 7 A religious organization or leader 253 8 A non-governmental organization 4 9 A vigilante group 5 10 The armed forces/police 317 11 Other government agencies 106 12 National courts 25 13 *The armed forces of other countries 10 14 International mediators 8 15 Federal Government 12 16 Divine Intervention/God 28 17 All levels of government 2 18 President 3 19 Law makers 0 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 0 996 No further answer 0 997 Not applicable 223 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 9 Q73_2 Who should resolve violent conflicts 2nd Mention Who would you turn for help to resolve a violent conflict between different groups in this country? 2210 0 997 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 25 1 The people involved in the conflict 112 2 Family/friends/neighbors 130 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 377 4 Traditional courts 114 5 Local courts 102 6 Local administration 83 7 A religious organization or leader 281 8 A non-governmental organization 19 9 A vigilante group 54 10 The armed forces/police 297 11 Other government agencies 122 12 National courts 78 13 *The armed forces of other countries 22 14 International mediators 10 15 Federal Government 6 16 Divine Intervention/God 9 17 All levels of government 2 18 President 0 19 Law makers 0 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 4 996 No further answer 140 997 Not applicable 223 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 0 Q73_3 Who should resolve violent conflicts 3rd Mention Who would you turn for help to resolve a violent conflict between different groups in this country? 2210 0 997 -1 Missing data 0 0 No-one 58 1 The people involved in the conflict 99 2 Family/friends/neighbors 69 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 174 4 Traditional courts 57 5 Local courts 100 6 Local administration 82 7 A religious organization or leader 249 8 A non-governmental organization 33 9 A vigilante group 59 10 The armed forces/police 326 11 Other government agencies 156 12 National courts 110 13 *The armed forces of other countries 50 14 International mediators 25 15 Federal Government 7 16 Divine Intervention/God 4 17 All levels of government 3 18 President 1 19 Law makers 0 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 4 996 No further answer 321 997 Not applicable 223 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 0 Q74 Man can beat or no physical violence? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 242 2 Agree with A 316 3 Agree with B 595 4 Agree very stongly with B 997 5 Agree with neither 52 9 Don't know 8 Q75 Turn to police or take revenge? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 783 2 Agree with A 897 3 Agree with B 231 4 Agree very stongly with B 162 5 Agree with neither 119 9 Don't know 18 Q76 Violence never justified or sometimes necessary? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 594 2 Agree with A 814 3 Agree with B 383 4 Agree very stongly with B 241 5 Agree with neither 135 9 Don't know 43 Q77 Nigeria should be unite or split? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 971 2 Agree with A 649 3 Agree with B 264 4 Agree very stongly with B 241 5 Agree with neither 60 9 Don't know 25 Q78 Sharia or one legal system? 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 340 2 Agree with A 297 3 Agree with B 541 4 Agree very stongly with B 937 5 Agree with neither 67 9 Don't know 28 Q79 Oil revenues for host communities or federal government 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 514 2 Agree with A 312 3 Agree with B 498 4 Agree very stongly with B 776 5 Agree with neither 75 9 Don't know 35 Q80 Age Finally, let us record a few facts about yourself. How old were you at your last birthday? 2210 18 90 1 1 0 2 2 0 3 3 0 4 4 0 5 5 0 6 6 0 7 7 0 8 8 0 9 9 0 10 10 0 11 11 0 12 12 0 13 13 0 14 14 0 15 15 0 16 16 0 17 17 0 18 18 150 19 19 97 20 20 139 21 21 81 22 22 88 23 23 78 24 24 86 25 25 125 26 26 75 27 27 78 28 28 84 29 29 81 30 30 126 31 31 38 32 32 44 33 33 26 34 34 32 35 35 74 36 36 30 37 37 28 38 38 40 39 39 29 40 40 80 41 41 23 42 42 27 43 43 16 44 44 22 45 45 56 46 46 16 47 47 15 48 48 29 49 49 22 50 50 46 51 51 12 52 52 15 53 53 11 54 54 10 55 55 21 56 56 14 57 57 3 58 58 14 59 59 21 60 60 24 61 61 5 62 62 8 63 63 3 64 64 9 65 65 14 66 66 1 67 67 4 68 68 6 69 69 3 70 70 9 71 71 3 72 72 3 73 73 0 74 74 2 75 75 3 76 76 2 77 77 2 78 78 0 79 79 1 80 80 2 81 81 0 82 82 0 83 83 0 84 84 1 85 85 2 86 86 0 87 87 0 88 88 0 89 89 0 90 90 1 91 91 0 92 92 0 93 93 0 94 94 0 95 95 0 96 96 0 97 97 0 98 98 0 99 99 0 100 100 0 101 101 0 102 102 0 103 103 0 104 104 0 105 105 0 106 106 0 107 107 0 108 108 0 109 109 0 110 110 0 111 111 0 112 112 0 113 113 0 114 114 0 115 115 0 116 116 0 117 117 0 118 118 0 119 119 0 120 120 0 121 Don't know 0 Q81 Head of household Are you the head of the household? 2210 0 9 0 No 1457 1 Yes 749 9 Don't know 4 In your household, how many children are there under the age of 18? 2210 1 99 1 0 535 2 1 230 3 2 344 4 3 335 5 4 260 6 5 142 7 6 114 8 7 45 9 8 52 10 9 19 11 10 38 12 11 17 13 12 9 14 13 8 15 14 5 16 15 4 17 16 3 18 17 0 19 18 2 20 19 1 21 20 0 22 21 0 23 22 1 24 23 0 25 24 0 26 25 0 27 26 0 28 27 0 29 28 0 30 29 0 31 30 1 32 31 0 33 32 0 34 33 0 35 34 0 36 35 0 37 36 0 38 37 0 39 38 0 40 39 0 41 40 0 42 41 0 43 42 0 44 43 0 45 44 0 46 45 0 47 46 0 48 47 0 49 48 0 50 49 0 51 50 0 52 51 0 53 52 0 54 53 0 55 54 0 56 55 0 57 56 0 58 57 0 59 58 0 60 59 0 61 60 0 62 61 0 63 62 0 64 63 0 65 64 0 66 65 0 67 66 0 68 67 0 69 68 0 70 69 0 71 70 0 72 71 0 73 72 0 74 73 0 75 74 0 76 75 0 77 76 0 78 77 0 79 78 0 80 79 0 81 80 0 82 81 0 83 82 0 84 83 0 85 84 0 86 85 0 87 86 0 88 87 0 89 88 0 90 89 0 91 90 0 92 91 0 93 92 0 94 93 0 95 94 0 96 95 0 97 96 0 98 97 0 99 Don't know 45 Q83 Language of origin Which Nigerian language is your home language? 2210 260 995 1 English 0 13 Esan 0 14 Etsakor 0 15 Calabar 0 16 Delta 0 17 Auchi 0 18 Itshekiri 0 20 Ikwere 0 21 Challa 0 22 Ogoni 0 23 Yagba 0 24 Ukwani 0 25 Biron 0 26 Youm 0 27 Koro 0 28 Idoma 0 30 Wurkum 0 31 Otuo 0 32 Jarewa 0 33 Taron 0 34 Anwwai 0 35 Angas/Ngas 0 36 Mupun 0 37 Marwa 0 38 Goemai 0 39 Owan 0 40 Afzene 0 41 Ndunkwa 0 42 Ika 0 43 Bassangai 0 45 Zo 0 46 Kakanda 0 47 Oworo 0 48 Okirika 0 49 Ikewun 0 50 Ibani 0 51 Anag 0 52 Ogu 0 53 Igbani 0 54 Kalabari 0 55 Abua/Odua 0 56 Ogba 0 57 Jukun 0 58 Gizime 0 59 Kieba 0 60 Dakka 0 61 Bwate 0 62 Adoni 0 63 Fulfulde 0 64 Jagali mizza 0 65 Eket 0 66 Yanger 0 67 Falli 0 68 Obiobio 0 69 Bawarje 0 70 Warjichi 0 71 Warji 0 72 Wajawa 0 73 Iseyewa 0 74 Sanga 0 75 Sulluboa 0 76 Bagurdire 0 77 Bagalamba 0 78 Mada 0 79 Akarkarya 0 80 Marghi 0 81 Ayigi 0 82 Bura 0 83 Kanalanru 0 84 Assiga 0 85 Ngulade 0 86 Babar 0 87 Laka 0 260 Hausa 494 261 Yoruba 509 262 Igbo 377 263 Tiv 56 264 Ijaw 127 265 Kanuri 28 266 Nupe 21 267 Ibibio 34 268 Efik 16 269 Edo 31 270 Igala/Idoma 21 271 Urhobo 43 272 Ebira 19 273 Fulani 30 274 Isoko 17 995 Other 387 Q84 Education What is the highest level of education you have completed? 2210 0 9 0 No formal schooling 318 1 Informal schooling 198 2 Some primary schooling 123 3 Primary school completed 263 4 Some secondary school/high school 308 5 Secondary school completed/high school 569 6 Post-secondary qualifications, not university 122 7 Some university, college 161 8 University, college completed 120 9 Post-graduate 28 99 Don't know 0 Q85 Religion What is your religion, if any? 2210 0 9 0 None 13 1 Islam 868 2 Catholic 402 3 Protestant (Mainstream) 286 4 Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal) 558 5 African Independent Church 49 6 Traditional religion 33 7 Hindu 0 8 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 0 9 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 1 10 Other 0 99 Do not know 0 Q86 Religiosity Excluding weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services? 2210 1 9 1 Never 298 2 About once a year or less 542 3 About once every several months 85 4 About once a month 77 5 About once a week 362 6 More than once a week 835 9 Don't know 11 Q87 Close to party? Do you feel close to any particular political party or political organization? If so, which party or organization is that? 2210 0 999 0 No 1192 260 Yes, People's Democratic Party (PDP) 681 261 Yes, All People's Party (APP) 163 262 Yes, Alliance for Democracy (AD) 92 995 Other 0 998 Refused to answer 25 999 Don't know 57 Q88 Main occupation What is your main occupation? (If unemployed, what was your last main occupation?) 2210 0 999 0 Never Had A Job 136 1 Farmer (produces only for home consumption) 125 2 *Farmer (produces surplus for sale) 257 3 **Farmer (produces mainly for sale) 15 4 Farm worker 33 5 Fisherman 28 6 Trader/Hawker/Vendor 362 7 Businessperson 157 8 Professional Worker/Lawyer/Accountant 52 9 Supervisor/Foreman 9 10 Clerical Worker 27 11 Technical Worker/Skilled Manual Worker 109 12 Miner 0 13 Artisan/Informal Sector Manual Worker 60 14 Domestic Worker 5 15 Teacher 55 16 Government Worker 105 17 Armed Services/Police/ Security Personnel 3 18 Student 399 19 Housewife/Works In the Household 225 23 Clergy 4 24 Tradition ruler 1 27 Driver 3 991 Retired 25 992 Disabled 4 995 Other 6 999 Don't know 5 Q89 Employment status Do you have a job that pays a cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? And are you presently looking for a job (even if you are presently working)? 2210 0 9 0 No (not looking) 818 1 No (looking) 433 2 Yes, part time (not looking) 126 3 *Yes, part time (looking) 181 4 Yes, full time (not looking) 459 5 *Yes, full time (looking) 174 9 Don't know 19 Before taxes, how much money do you (and your spouse together) earn per month? 2210 0 99 0 None 284 1 Less than 500 naira 233 2 501-1,000 naira 251 3 1001-2,000 naira 285 4 2001-4,000 naira 264 5 4001-6,000 naira 246 6 6001-8,000 naira 151 7 8001-10,000 naira 155 8 10,001-20,000 naira 180 9 20,001-50,000 naira 109 10 Over 50,000 naira 42 99 Don't know 10 Before taxes, how much money do you (and your spouse together) earn per month? 2210 0 999 0 None 284 400 Less than 500 naira 233 401 501-1,000 naira 251 402 1001-2,000 naira 285 403 2001-4,000 naira 264 404 4001-6,000 naira 246 405 6001-8,000 naira 151 406 8001-10,000 naira 155 407 10,001-20,000 naira 180 408 20,001-50,000 naira 109 409 Over 50,000 naira 42 999 Don't know 10 Q91 Depend on a government salaried worker Do you or your household rely on the income of anyone who earns a salary as a worker for a government agency? Including a salary of a teacher in a public school? 2210 0 9 0 No 1353 1 Yes 809 9 Don't know 48 Q92 Financial situation How would you describe your household financial situation in the last year? Did you save money, spend all your income, spend some of your own savings, or borrow money to live on? 2210 0 9 0 Both spend savings AND borrow money 128 1 Borrow money to live on 76 2 Spend some savings 334 3 Spend all income (break even) 727 4 Save money 822 9 Don't know 123 Q93a Physical health In the last month, how much of the time: Has your physical health reduced the amount of work you would normally do inside or outside your home? 2210 0 9 0 Never 949 1 Just once or twice 732 2 Many times 489 3 Always 27 9 Don't Know 13 Q93b Mental health In the last month, how much of the time: Have you been so worried or anxious that you have felt tired, worn out, or exhausted? 2210 0 9 0 Never 895 1 Just once or twice 612 2 Several times 491 3 Many times 169 4 Often 33 9 Don't Know 10 Q94 Died of AIDS Do you know a close friend or relative who has died of AIDS? 2210 0 999 0 No 1856 990 Yes 255 998 Will not say/Refused 33 999 Don't know 66 Q95 Perceived survey sponsor Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 2210 0 999 -1 Missing data 0 0 No one 1 1 Government (general) 402 2 Government (Federal)/senator 820 3 Government (State) 373 4 Government (Local)/Councillor 49 5 President/Obasanjo/President's Office 125 6 State Governor 65 7 Federal Office of Statistics/Census Office 5 8 Federal Ministry of Health 4 9 NGOs (organization to fight AIDS, Human rights groups) 14 10 Government Ministry/Agency (general) 16 11 Nigerian Labor Congress 1 12 International Organizations or Actors 7 13 Ministry of Information 3 20 RMS/research programme/research company 132 21 Newspapers/media 10 22 Political parties/politicians 52 23 University/college/school (project)/Institution 12 995 Other (God, private initiative,investor) 10 998 Refused to answer 0 999 Don't know 109 Time interview ended 2210 Q96 Gender Respondent’s gender 2210 1 2 1 Female 1105 2 Male 1105 Q97 Language of Interview Which languages was the interview conducted in? 2210 1 995 1 English 1066 13 Esan 0 14 Etsakor 0 15 Calabar 0 16 Delta 0 17 Auchi 0 18 Itshekiri 0 20 Ikwere 0 21 Challa 0 22 Ogoni 0 23 Yagba 0 24 Ukwani 0 25 Biron 0 26 Youm 0 27 Koro 0 28 Idoma 0 30 Wurkum 0 31 Otuo 0 32 Jarewa 0 33 Taron 0 34 Anwwai 0 35 Angas/Ngas 0 36 Mupun 0 37 Marwa 0 38 Goemai 0 39 Owan 0 40 Afzene 0 41 Ndunkwa 0 42 Ika 0 43 Bassangai 0 45 Zo 0 46 Kakanda 0 47 Oworo 0 48 Okirika 0 49 Ikewun 0 50 Ibani 0 51 Anag 0 52 Ogu 0 53 Igbani 0 54 Kalabari 0 55 Abua/Odua 0 56 Ogba 0 57 Jukun 0 58 Gizime 0 59 Kieba 0 60 Dakka 0 61 Bwate 0 62 Adoni 0 63 Fulfulde 0 64 Jagali mizza 0 65 Eket 0 66 Yanger 0 67 Falli 0 68 Obiobio 0 69 Bawarje 0 70 Warjichi 0 71 Warji 0 72 Wajawa 0 73 Iseyewa 0 74 Sanga 0 75 Sulluboa 0 76 Bagurdire 0 77 Bagalamba 0 78 Mada 0 79 Akarkarya 0 80 Marghi 0 81 Ayigi 0 82 Bura 0 83 Kanalanru 0 84 Assiga 0 85 Ngulade 0 86 Babar 0 87 Laka 0 260 Hausa 609 261 Yoruba 271 262 Igbo 145 263 Tiv 7 264 Ijaw 8 265 Kanuri 9 266 Nupe 1 267 Ibibio 39 268 Efik 0 269 Edo 1 270 Igala/Idoma 3 271 Urhobo 0 272 Ebira 0 273 Fulani 0 274 Isoko 0 995 Other 51 Q98 Housing type In what type of shelter does the respondent live? 2210 1 7 1 Non-traditional/Formal House/Duplex 550 2 Traditional House/Hut 773 3 Temporary structure/Shack 72 4 Flat in block of flats 318 5 Single Room in larger dwelling structure or backyard 495 6 Room in hotel, residential hotel 1 7 Hostel in Industrial or Farming Compound 1 8 Other 0 Q99 Persons present Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 2210 1 5 1 No one 849 2 Spouse 135 3 Children Only 442 4 A few others 697 5 Small crowd 87 Q100 Checked with others Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 2210 0 1 0 No 2022 1 Yes 188 Q101 Influenced by others Do you think that anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? 2210 0 1 0 No 2020 1 Yes 190 Q102 Difficulty answering What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 2210 0 4 0 None 909 1 Few 849 2 Some 313 3 Most 113 4 All 26 Q103a Respondent friendly? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: friendly, in between, or hostile? 2210 1 3 1 Friendly 1990 2 In between 209 3 Hostile 11 Q103b Respondent interested? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: interested, in between, or bored? 2210 1 3 1 Interested 1904 2 In between 283 3 Bored 23 Q103c Respondent cooperative? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: cooperative, in between, or uncooperative? 2210 1 3 1 Cooperative 1956 2 In between 246 3 Uncooperative 8 Q103d Respondent patient? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: patient, in between, or impatient? 2210 1 3 1 Patient 1854 2 In between 321 3 Impatient 35 Q103e Respondent at ease? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: at ease, in between, or suspicious? 2210 1 3 1 At ease 1795 2 In between 378 3 Suspicious 37 Q103f Respondent honest? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: honest, in between, or misleading? 2210 1 3 1 Honest 1934 2 In between 268 3 Misleading 8 Q104A Neighbors interested? Did your presence in the area arouse interest from neighbors? 2210 0 1 0 No 1063 1 Yes 1147 Q104B Neighbors suspicious? Did your presence in the area arouse suspicion from neighbors? 2210 0 1 0 No 1863 1 Yes 347 Q104C Neighbors afraid? Did your presence in the area arouse fear from neighbors? 2210 0 1 0 No 2010 1 Yes 200 Q104D Political representatives? Were you approached by community and, or political party representatives? 2210 0 1 0 No 2119 1 Yes 91 Q104e Feel threatened? Did you feel threatened during the interview? 2210 0 1 0 No 2173 1 Yes 37 Q104f Physically threatened? Were you physically threatened during the interview? 2210 0 1 0 No 2176 1 Yes 34 Q107 Interviewer's age Interviewer’s age 2210 18 42 -1 Missing data 0 18 154 19 54 20 277 21 190 22 199 23 167 24 283 25 329 26 91 27 127 28 79 29 63 30 81 31 42 32 34 34 1 38 38 42 1 99 Don't know 0 Q108 Interviewer's gender Interviewer’s gender 2210 1 2 1 Female 706 2 Male 1504 Q109 Interviewer's origin (Urban/Rural) Do you come from a rural or urban area? 2210 1 2 1 Rural 465 2 Urban 1745 Q110 Interviewer's home language 2210 1 995 1 English 21 13 Esan 0 14 Etsakor 0 15 Calabar 0 16 Delta 0 17 Auchi 0 18 Itshekiri 0 20 Ikwere 0 21 Challa 0 22 Ogoni 0 23 Yagba 0 24 Ukwani 0 25 Biron 0 26 Youm 0 27 Koro 0 28 Idoma 0 30 Wurkum 0 31 Otuo 0 32 Jarewa 0 33 Taron 0 34 Anwwai 0 35 Angas/Ngas 0 36 Mupun 0 37 Marwa 0 38 Goemai 0 39 Owan 0 40 Afzene 0 41 Ndunkwa 0 42 Ika 0 43 Bassangai 0 45 Zo 0 46 Kakanda 0 47 Oworo 0 48 Okirika 0 49 Ikewun 0 50 Ibani 0 51 Anag 0 52 Ogu 0 53 Igbani 0 54 Kalabari 0 55 Abua/Odua 0 56 Ogba 0 57 Jukun 0 58 Gizime 0 59 Kieba 0 60 Dakka 0 61 Bwate 0 62 Adoni 0 63 Fulfulde 0 64 Jagali mizza 0 65 Eket 0 66 Yanger 0 67 Falli 0 68 Obiobio 0 69 Bawarje 0 70 Warjichi 0 71 Warji 0 72 Wajawa 0 73 Iseyewa 0 74 Sanga 0 75 Sulluboa 0 76 Bagurdire 0 77 Bagalamba 0 78 Mada 0 79 Akarkarya 0 80 Marghi 0 81 Ayigi 0 82 Bura 0 83 Kanalanru 0 84 Assiga 0 85 Ngulade 0 86 Babar 0 87 Laka 0 260 Hausa 150 261 Yoruba 668 262 Igbo 389 263 Tiv 40 264 Ijaw 94 265 Kanuri 1 266 Nupe 31 267 Ibibio 73 268 Efik 18 269 Edo 71 270 Igala/Idoma 92 271 Urhobo 0 272 Ebira 0 273 Fulani 0 274 Isoko 17 995 Other 545 Q111 Interviewer's education Interviewer’s highest level of education 2210 4 9 0 No formal schooling 0 1 Informal schooling (including Koranic) only 0 2 Some primary schooling 0 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some high school 91 5 High school completed 547 6 Post secondary qualifications (not university ) 389 7 Some university, college 938 8 University, college completed 196 9 Post graduate 49 Q112a Post-office Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Post-office? 2210 0 9 0 No 1642 1 Yes 539 9 Can't determine 29 Q112b School Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: School? 2210 0 9 0 No 343 1 Yes 1851 9 Can't determine 16 Q112c Police station Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Police station? 2210 0 9 0 No 1227 1 Yes 956 9 Can't determine 27 Q112d Regular bus or taxi service Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Regular bus or taxi service? 2210 0 9 0 No 829 1 Yes 1378 9 Can't determine 3 Q112e Public Electricity grid Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Electricity grid that most houses could access? 2210 0 9 0 No 591 1 Yes 1593 9 Can't determine 26 Q112f Public Piped water system Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Piped water system that most houses could access? 2210 0 9 0 No 1309 1 Yes 878 9 Can't determine 23 Q112g Public Sewage system Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Sewage system that most houses could access? 2210 0 9 0 No 1469 1 Yes 687 9 Can't determine 54 Q112h Railway Station Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Railway station? 2210 0 9 0 No 1950 1 Yes 226 9 Can't determine 34 Q112i Health Clinic Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Health clinic? 2210 0 9 0 No 540 1 Yes 1641 9 Can't determine 29 Q112j Recreational facilities Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Recreational facilities for e.g. a sports field? 2210 0 9 0 No 963 1 Yes 1204 9 Can't determine 43 Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Any churches, mosques, temples or other places of worship? 2210 0 9 0 No 175 1 Yes 2019 9 Can't determine 16 Q112l Town halls Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Any town halls or community buildings that can be used for meetings? 2210 0 9 0 No 984 1 Yes 1122 9 Can't determine 104 Q112m Petrol station Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Petrol station? 2210 0 9 0 No 1281 1 Yes 898 9 Can't determine 31 Q112n Bottle store/bar/beer parlour Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Bottle store/bar/beer parlour? 2210 0 9 0 No 742 1 Yes 1464 9 Can't determine 4 Q112o Supermarket Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Supermarket (food and/or clothing)? 2210 0 9 0 No 1189 1 Yes 1015 9 Can't determine 6 Q112p Cafes/eating places/corner shops Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Cafes/eating places/corner shops? 2210 0 9 0 No 946 1 Yes 1262 9 Can't determine 2 Q112q Market stalls Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Market stalls (selling groceries and/or clothing)? 2210 0 9 0 No 1069 1 Yes 1131 9 Can't determine 10 Q113a Sight policemen or police vehicles In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any policemen or police vehicles? 2210 0 9 0 No 1236 1 Yes 965 9 Can't determine 9 Q113b Sight soldiers or army vehicles In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any soldiers or army vehicles? 2210 0 9 0 No 1996 1 Yes 205 9 Can't determine 9 Q113c Crop gardens In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any gardens or fields attached to households containing evidence of crops/vegetables being grown? 2210 0 9 0 No 1005 1 Yes 1157 9 Can't determine 48 Q113d Livestock gardens In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any gardens or fields attached to households containing livestock such as goats, sheep, cows or horses? 2210 0 9 0 No 1011 1 Yes 1176 9 Can't determine 23 Q113e Tree gardens In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any yards, gardens or fields attached to households with trees growing in them that were larger than one storey in height? 2210 0 9 0 No 1265 1 Yes 925 9 Can't determine 20 Q114a Sign posted Thinking of the journey here: Was your destination clearly sign posted along the last 10km of your journey? 2210 0 1 0 No 1005 1 Yes 1205 8 NA 0 Q114b Stop/give way signs Thinking of the journey here: Were there any stop/give way signs along the last 10km of your journey? 2210 0 1 0 No 1262 1 Yes 948 8 NA 0 Q114c Traffic lights/warden 2210 0 1 0 No 1592 1 Yes 618 8 NA 0 Q114d Traffic lights working? Thinking of the journey here: If yes to C above, were all of them in working order? 2210 -1 7 -1 Missing data 18 0 No 65 1 Yes 535 7 Not applicable 1592 Q114e Water-filled river Thinking of the journey here: Was there a water-filled river during the last 1km of your journey? 2210 0 1 0 No 1289 1 Yes 921 8 NA 0 Q114f Water-filled dam or lake Thinking of the journey here: Was there a water-filled dam or lake during the last 1km of your journey? 2210 0 1 0 No 1682 1 Yes 528 8 NA 0 Q115a Graded dirt Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Graded sand/dirt roads? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 1450 2 599 3 5 - 10 kms 96 4 All 65 Q115b Ungraded dirt Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Ungraded dirt roads? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 1302 2 544 3 5 - 10 kms 258 4 All 106 Q115c Off road Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Off road? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 1004 2 805 3 5 - 10 kms 288 4 All 113 Q115d Tarred road Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Tarred or concrete roads? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 576 2 386 3 5 - 10 kms 553 4 All 695 intid 2210 0 9019 Weight to correct for NE undersample, SS oversample 2210 0.749 1.449 0.749 South South 444 1 All other regions 1562 1.449 North East 204 Q38 SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY, REVERSED and recoded (w/o DKs) 2168 42 1 3 1 It doesn't matter what kind of govt 262 2 A non-democratic govt can be prefera 328 3 Democracy always preferable 1578 Sysmiss 42 Q30 Support elections, REVERSED and recoded 2200 10 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 113 2 A, Agree 174 2.5 27 3 B, Agree 591 4 B, V Strongly Agree 1295 Sysmiss 10 Q31 Support multiple parties, recoded (w/o DKs) 2188 22 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 347 2 A, Agree 357 2.5 108 3 B, Agree 664 4 B, V Strongly Agree 712 Sysmiss 22 Q32 Support presidential term limits, rcoded (w/o DKs) 2165 45 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 118 2 A, Agree 200 2.5 77 3 B, Agree 649 4 B, V Strongly Agree 1121 Sysmiss 45 Q33 Support legislative checks and balances, REVERSED and recoded 2125 85 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 147 2 A, Agree 292 2.5 213 3 B, Agree 686 4 B, V Strongly Agree 787 Sysmiss 85 Support Democratic System (index of 4 components add/4) 2105 105 1 4 1 2 1.25 3 1.5 2 1.625 1 1.75 15 1.875 1 2 32 2.125 5 2.25 95 2.375 13 2.5 170 2.625 42 2.75 232 2.875 66 3 311 3.125 40 3.25 368 3.375 32 3.5 208 3.625 27 3.75 186 4 254 Sysmiss 105 Q40. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY, recoded 2176 34 0 4 0 Nigeria is not a democracy 12 1 Not at all satisfied 245 2 Not very satisfied 686 3 Fairly satisfied 971 4 Very satisfied 262 Sysmiss 34 Lagos state, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Not Lagos 1994 1 Lagos state 216 Southwest region, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Other regions 1922 1 Southwest 288 Southeast region, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Other regions 1944 1 Southeast 266 Southsouth region, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Other regions 1766 1 Southsouth 444 Northwest region, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Other regions 1730 1 Northwest 480 Northeast region, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Other regions 2006 1 Northwest 204 Northcentral region, dummy 2210 0 1 0 Other regions 1898 1 Northcentral 312 North, dummy 2210 0 1 0 South 1214 1 North 996 South, dummy 2210 0 1 0 North 996 1 South 1214 Reject 3 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman) 2210 0 1 0 Do not Reject 3 forms 893 1 Reject 3 forms 1317 Reject 4 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman, trad) Respondent number 2210 0 1 0 Do not Reject 4 forms 1199 1 Reject 4 forms 1011