ZWE_2018_AFB-R7_v01_M DDI_ZWE_2018_AFB-R7_v01_M_WB Development Economics Data Group 2021-04-07 Metadata Editor Version 01 (April 2021) ZWE_2018_AFB-R7_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2018 Round 7 AFB-R7 2018 Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR) Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) Institute for Development Studies (IDS) Michigan State University (MSU) University of Cape Town (UCT, South Africa) Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Round 4 surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in 20 countries, reflecting the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia. The fifth Round of surveys were done between October 2011 and June 2013. In the Round 5 surveys, the project covered an additional 15 countries in different regions of the continent. Among the new R5 countries were Mauritius and Swaziland in Southern Africa; Burundi and Ethiopia in East Africa; Cameroon, Niger, Cote D’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Togo in West Africa. Afrobarometer also worked with the Arab Barometer and implemented R5 surveys in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco Sudan and Tunisia. Additional Round 5.5 surveys were also conducted in Mali and Zimbabwe. In Round 6, surveys were done 36 countries. Two countries that were covered in Round 5, Ethiopia and Egypt, were not included due to operational constraints. In their place, the Network added Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe. The survey covered 34 African countries covered in Round 7 (2016-2018). Here are the list of countries covered in Round 7: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, and Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 7 (2016-2018). Zimbabwe National coverage The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district. Individual The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Face-to-face [f2f] Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. zim_r7_data.sav 1200 345 .sav Afrobarometer round 7 survey data. Respondent number 1200 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit PSU/EA 1200 1 2 1 Urban 448 2 Rural 752 Province or region Region/Province 1200 860 869 860 Harare 224 861 Bulawayo 72 862 Midlands 144 863 Masvingo 128 864 Mashonaland East 120 865 Mashonaland West 136 866 Mashonaland Central 104 867 Matabeleland South 56 868 Matabeleland North 64 869 Manicaland 152 EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 616 1 Yes 584 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 728 1 Yes 472 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 752 1 Yes 448 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SVC-D. Cell phone service in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 80 1 Yes 1120 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 944 1 Yes 248 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 120 1 Yes 1080 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 712 1 Yes 480 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 488 1 Yes 704 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 360 1 Yes 840 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-F. Bank in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 896 1 Yes 304 9 Can't determine 0 EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 232 1 Yes 968 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 904 1 Yes 296 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1184 1 Yes 8 9 Don't know 8 EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1144 1 Yes 56 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1176 1 Yes 24 9 Don't know 0 EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1176 1 Yes 24 9 Don't know 0 EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point Thinking of your journey here: Was the road at the start point in the PSU/EA? 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Earth 480 2 Gravel 432 3 Stone 8 4 Muram 0 5 Paved/ Tarred 280 6 Concrete 0 EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km Thinking of your journey here: What was the most common surface of the road over the last 5 kilometers before arriving at the start point of the PSU/EA? 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Earth 280 2 Gravel 424 3 Stone 16 4 Muram 0 5 Paved/ Tarred 480 6 Concrete 0 EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km Thinking of your journey here: What was the condition of the road in the last 5 kilometers before reaching the start point of the PSU/EA? Was the road in excellent or good condition and easy to traverse, or was it in poor or very poor condition, that is, difficult to traverse due to potholes, waterlogging, or other issues, or was it impassable at any point (e.g., due to a collapsed bridge, fallen tree, flooding, etc.)? 1200 1 6 -1 Missing 0 1 Impassable 32 2 Very poor 320 3 Poor 352 4 Fair 344 5 Good 104 6 Very good 48 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 1 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 11 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 7 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 12 7 No adults in household 6 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1164 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 2 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 3 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 2 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 1 7 No adults in household 5 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1189 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 3 1200 1 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 1 7 No adults in household 1 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1197 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 4 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 5 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 6 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 7 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 NOCALL - Reasons for Unsuccessful Calls - Household 8 1200 9997 9997 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 This interview, gender This interview must be with a: 1200 1 2 1 Male 597 2 Female 603 Number of adults in household Total number of adult citizens in household 1200 1 14 1 154 2 383 3 265 4 174 5 113 6 62 7 23 8 12 9 9 10 3 12 1 14 1 Number of calls How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 1200 1 2 1 1155 2 45 Date of interview Date of interview 1200 2017-01-28 56 2017-01-29 88 2017-01-30 88 2017-01-31 88 2017-02-01 80 2017-02-02 96 2017-02-03 80 2017-02-04 96 2017-02-05 80 2017-02-06 96 2017-02-07 88 2017-02-08 88 2017-02-09 96 2017-02-10 80 Time interview started 1200 Q1. Age 1. How old are you? 1200 18 91 -1 Missing 0 18 28 19 39 20 33 21 36 22 31 23 34 24 27 25 42 26 34 27 34 28 43 29 39 30 41 31 22 32 34 33 38 34 16 35 45 36 24 37 21 38 21 39 23 40 26 41 20 42 29 43 21 44 18 45 24 46 14 47 23 48 12 49 17 50 18 51 9 52 24 53 15 54 9 55 12 56 13 57 9 58 12 59 9 60 10 61 6 62 16 63 8 64 7 65 9 66 7 67 12 68 12 69 8 70 7 71 8 72 4 73 5 74 6 75 9 76 1 77 3 78 4 79 2 80 3 81 1 85 7 86 3 87 1 88 1 91 1 998 Refused 0 999 Don't know 0 Q2a. Respondent's mother tongue 2a. Which Zimbabwean language is your mother tongue or language of origin? 1200 860 9995 -1 Missing 0 1 English 0 860 Ndebele 145 861 Shona 464 862 Zezuru 127 863 Korekore 65 864 Karanga 105 865 Manyika 86 866 Ndau 61 867 Venda 4 868 Kalanga 17 869 Tonga 36 870 Buja 10 871 Chewa 11 9995 Other 69 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don't know 0 Q2aother. Respondent's mother tongue (verbatim) 2a. Which Zimbabwean language is your mother tongue or language of origin? Other 1200 1110 BALOZWI 1 BIRWA 1 BOCHA 3 BUDYA 6 BUJA 10 CHANGANA 1 CHANGANI 5 CHAWA 4 CHEWA 11 CHIBOCHA 1 CHICHEWA 1 CHIKUNDA 3 CHINYANJA 1 CHITOKO 1 DHOMBE 1 DOMBE 1 JINDWI 1 LOZWI 1 MAUNGWE 8 MUUNGWE 1 NAMBIA 1 NAMBYA 1 NYANJA 6 NYASALAND 1 PORTUGUESE 1 SENA 1 SOTHO 5 SUTHU 3 TOKO 1 TSHANGANI 4 TSUNGA 1 VHITORI 2 ZENGENDAVA 1 Q2b. Language spoken in home 2b. What is the primary language you speak in your home now? 1200 1 9999 -1 Missing 0 1 English 9 860 Ndebele 152 861 Shona 632 862 Zezuru 108 863 Korekore 39 864 Karanga 80 865 Manyika 62 866 Ndau 44 867 Venda 2 868 Kalanga 6 869 Tonga 26 9995 Other 39 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don't know 1 Q2bother. Language spoken in home (verbatim) 2b. What is the primary language you speak in your home now? Other 1200 1161 BOCHA 3 BUDYA 4 BUJA 7 CHANGANI 2 CHIBUDYA 1 CHNGANI AND CHIKARANGA 1 DOMBE 1 JINDWE 1 LOZWI 1 MAUNGWE 5 NAMBIA 1 NAMBYA 1 PFUMBI 1 SHANGWE 1 SOTHO 3 TOKO 2 TSHANGANI 4 Q3. Overall direction of the country 3. Let's start with your general view about the current direction of our country. Some people might think the country is going in the wrong direction. Others may feel it is going in the right direction. So let me ask YOU about the overall direction of the country: Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or going in the right direction? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Going in the wrong direction 725 2 Going in the right direction 406 8 Refused 13 9 Don't know 56 Q4a. Country’s present economic condition Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Bad 431 2 Fairly Bad 322 3 Neither good nor bad 176 4 Fairly Good 204 5 Very good 34 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know 30 Q4b. Your present living conditions Read out options 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Bad 371 2 Fairly Bad 300 3 Neither good nor bad 248 4 Fairly Good 246 5 Very good 35 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q5. Your living conditions vs. others 5. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Zimbabweans? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 143 2 Worse 303 3 Same 393 4 Better 309 5 Much better 23 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 29 Q6. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago Q6. Looking back, how do you rate economic conditions in this country compared to twelve months ago? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 218 2 Worse 352 3 Same 385 4 Better 199 5 Much better 21 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 23 Q7. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time 7. Looking ahead, do you expect economic conditions in this country to be better or worse in twelve months’ time? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 233 2 Worse 186 3 Same 191 4 Better 293 5 Much better 99 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 195 Q8a. How often gone without food Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 560 1 Just once or twice 206 2 Several times 237 3 Many times 143 4 Always 53 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q8b. How often gone without water Read out options 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 486 1 Just once or twice 174 2 Several times 242 3 Many times 167 4 Always 131 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q8c. How often gone without medical care Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 478 1 Just once or twice 274 2 Several times 227 3 Many times 144 4 Always 61 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 14 Q8d. How often gone without cooking fuel Read out options 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 786 1 Just once or twice 166 2 Several times 151 3 Many times 74 4 Always 23 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q8e. How often gone without cash income Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 92 1 Just once or twice 137 2 Several times 325 3 Many times 332 4 Always 312 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q8f. Frequency going without basic necessities 8. When you say you went without [insert item] [insert frequency] would you say this occurred: Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 About once every two or three months 59 2 About once a month 70 3 Two or three times a month 203 4 About once a week 128 5 Several times a week 317 6 Every day 258 7 Not applicable 155 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t Know 10 Q9. How dependent on receiving remittances 9. Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much, if at all, do you depend on receiving remittances from relatives or friends living in other countries? Read out options 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all / Does not receive remittances 888 1 A little bit 160 2 Somewhat 97 3 A lot 55 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 Q10a. How often felt unsafe walking in neighbourhood Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 873 1 Just once or twice 146 2 Several times 110 3 Many times 47 4 Always 22 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q10b. How often feared crime in home Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 853 1 Just once or twice 152 2 Several times 108 3 Many times 44 4 Always 42 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q11a. Had something stolen from house If the respondent answers yes, follow by asking: "Did this happen once, twice, or three or more times?" 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 875 1 Yes, once 179 2 Yes, twice 72 3 Yes, three or more times 72 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q11b. Have been physically attacked If the respondent answers yes, follow by asking: "Did this happen once, twice, or three or more times?" 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1124 1 Yes, once 59 2 Yes, twice 11 3 Yes, three or more times 6 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12a. Radio news Read out options. 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 322 1 Less than once a month 73 2 A few times a month 157 3 A few times a week 290 4 Every day 358 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q12b. Television news Read out options. 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 630 1 Less than once a month 98 2 A few times a month 87 3 A few times a week 139 4 Every day 244 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 1 Q12c. Newspaper news Read out options. 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 672 1 Less than once a month 160 2 A few times a month 188 3 A few times a week 131 4 Every day 44 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q12d. Internet news Read out options. 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 864 1 Less than once a month 45 2 A few times a month 71 3 A few times a week 116 4 Every day 99 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 3 Q12e. Social media news Read out options. 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 920 1 Less than once a month 51 2 A few times a month 52 3 A few times a week 78 4 Every day 85 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 14 Q13. Discuss politics 13. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters? Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 487 1 Occasionally 547 2 Frequently 161 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know 2 Q14. Freedom to say what you think 14. In this country, how free are you to say what you think? Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 276 2 Not very free 285 3 Somewhat free 335 4 Completely free 276 8 Refused 8 9 Don’t know 20 Q15. Government bans organizations vs. join any 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 156 2 Agree with 1 246 3 Agree with 2 242 4 Agree very strongly with 2 476 5 Agree with neither 32 8 Refused 12 9 Don't know 36 Q16. Men only as leaders vs. women leaders 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 202 2 Agree with 1 130 3 Agree with 2 219 4 Agree very strongly with 2 621 5 Agree with neither 23 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q17. Newspapers free to publish vs. government control 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 354 2 Agree with 1 275 3 Agree with 2 219 4 Agree very strongly with 2 270 5 Agree with neither 24 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know 55 Q18a. Access to information: school budget Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 353 1 Not very likely 242 2 Somewhat likely 273 3 Very likely 219 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 113 Q18b. Access to information: land ownership Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 328 1 Not very likely 276 2 Somewhat likely 229 3 Very likely 186 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 180 Q18c. Access to information: local government development plan and budget Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 437 1 Not very likely 288 2 Somewhat likely 175 3 Very likely 113 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 186 Q18d. Access to information: business registration Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 235 1 Not very likely 204 2 Somewhat likely 259 3 Very likely 320 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 181 Q19a. Better or worse: freedom to say what you think Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 340 2 Somewhat less freedom 229 3 Same 293 4 Somewhat more freedom 190 5 Much more freedom 113 8 Refused 12 9 Don’t know 23 Q19b. Better or worse: freedom to join political organizations Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 250 2 Somewhat less freedom 220 3 Same 276 4 Somewhat more freedom 253 5 Much more freedom 150 8 Refused 15 9 Don’t know 36 Q19c. Better or worse: media freedom to investigate, report Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 218 2 Somewhat less freedom 222 3 Same 289 4 Somewhat more freedom 171 5 Much more freedom 69 8 Refused 10 9 Don’t know 221 Q19d. Better or worse: freedom of NGOs/groups to speak, act Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 219 2 Somewhat less freedom 229 3 Same 306 4 Somewhat more freedom 146 5 Much more freedom 60 8 Refused 12 9 Don’t know 228 Q19e. Better or worse: freedom of opposition to function Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much less freedom 254 2 Somewhat less freedom 202 3 Same 330 4 Somewhat more freedom 168 5 Much more freedom 79 8 Refused 17 9 Don’t know 150 Q20a. Member of religious group 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a Member 398 1 Inactive Member 308 2 Active Member 376 3 Official Leader 116 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q20b. Member of voluntary association or community group 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not a Member 952 1 Inactive Member 92 2 Active Member 108 3 Official Leader 40 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 8 Q21a. Attend a community meeting 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 155 1 No, but would do if had the chance 305 2 Yes, once or twice 185 3 Yes, several times 341 4 Yes, often 213 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q21b. Join others to raise an issue 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 230 1 No, but would do if had the chance 510 2 Yes, once or twice 171 3 Yes, several times 188 4 Yes, often 95 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 5 Q22. Voting in the most recent national election 22. Understanding that some people were unable to vote in the most recent national election in 2013, which of the following statements is true for you? Read out options 1200 0 98 -1 Missing 0 0 You were not registered to vote 104 1 You voted in the elections 767 2 You decided not to vote 70 3 You could not find the polling station 4 4 You were prevented from voting 4 5 You did not have time to vote 35 6 You did not vote because your name not in the register 17 7 Did not vote for some other reason 59 8 You were too young to vote 134 9 Don’t Know / Can’t remember 3 98 Refused 3 Q23. Freeness and fairness of the last national election 23. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2013. Was it: Read out options 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 0 1 Not free and fair 272 2 Free and fair, with major problems 186 3 Free and fair, but with minor problems 217 4 Completely free and fair 366 8 Do not understand question 6 9 Don’t know 134 98 Refused 19 Q24a. Last national election: attend a campaign rally 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 651 1 Yes 544 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know 2 Q24b. Last national election: work for a candidate or party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1081 1 Yes 114 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 1 Q25a. Contact local government councillor Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 806 1 Only once 157 2 A few times 148 3 Often 86 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 3 Q25b. Contact MP Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1006 1 Only once 65 2 A few times 89 3 Often 34 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 5 Q25c. Contact official of a government agency Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1062 1 Only once 62 2 A few times 51 3 Often 17 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 7 Q25d. Contact political party official Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1005 1 Only once 66 2 A few times 67 3 Often 57 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q25e. Contact traditional leader Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 698 1 Only once 106 2 A few times 144 3 Often 150 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 100 Q25f. Contact religious leader Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 677 1 Only once 128 2 A few times 203 3 Often 191 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 1 Q26a. Join others to request government action 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 277 1 No, but would do if had the chance 653 2 Yes, once or twice 120 3 Yes, several times 92 4 Yes, often 52 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 4 Q26b. Contact media 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 507 1 No, but would do if had the chance 598 2 Yes, once or twice 30 3 Yes, several times 24 4 Yes, often 13 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 24 Q26c. Contact official for help 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 329 1 No, but would do if had the chance 705 2 Yes, once or twice 90 3 Yes, several times 40 4 Yes, often 27 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 8 Q26d. Refuse to pay tax or fee to government 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 904 1 No, but would do if had the chance 216 2 Yes, once or twice 14 3 Yes, several times 15 4 Yes, often 9 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know 39 Q26e. Attend a demonstration or protest march 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, would never do this 833 1 No, but would do if had the chance 282 2 Yes, once or twice 28 3 Yes, several times 17 4 Yes, often 8 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 28 Q27a. Reject one-party rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 487 2 Disapprove 285 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 58 4 Approve 189 5 Strongly Approve 128 8 Refused 13 9 Don’t know 40 Q27b. Reject military rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 520 2 Disapprove 302 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 77 4 Approve 167 5 Strongly Approve 70 8 Refused 11 9 Don’t know 53 Q27c. Reject one-man rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 560 2 Disapprove 380 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 60 4 Approve 63 5 Strongly Approve 40 8 Refused 18 9 Don’t know 79 Q28. Support for democracy Only one option to be chosen. Read the question in the language of the interview, but always read “democracy” in [English / French / Portuguese]. Translate “democracy” into local language only if respondent does not understand the term in the official language. Read out statements 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 STATEMENT 3: Doesn't matter 156 2 STATEMENT 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable 55 3 STATEMENT 1: Democracy preferable 898 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know 85 Q29. Govt gets things done vs. Govt accountable to citizens 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 200 2 Agree with 1 260 3 Agree with 2 247 4 Agree very strongly with 2 394 5 Agree with neither 49 8 Refused 9 9 Don't know 41 Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 565 2 Agree with 1 368 3 Agree with 2 62 4 Agree very strongly with 2 158 5 Agree with neither 12 8 Refused 11 9 Don't know 24 Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 192 2 Agree with 1 194 3 Agree with 2 224 4 Agree very strongly with 2 504 5 Agree with neither 32 8 Refused 18 9 Don't know 36 Q32. President monitored by parliament vs. free to act on own 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 289 2 Agree with 1 396 3 Agree with 2 146 4 Agree very strongly with 2 247 5 Agree with neither 31 8 Refused 18 9 Don't know 73 Q33. President free to act vs. obey the laws and courts 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 71 2 Agree with 1 149 3 Agree with 2 297 4 Agree very strongly with 2 570 5 Agree with neither 46 8 Refused 21 9 Don't know 46 Q34. Presidential two term limit vs. no term limits 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 562 2 Agree with 1 325 3 Agree with 2 95 4 Agree very strongly with 2 135 5 Agree with neither 11 8 Refused 21 9 Don't know 51 Q35. Extent of democracy 35. In your opinion how much of a democracy is Zimbabwe today? 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 259 2 A democracy, with major problems 331 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 270 4 A full democracy 201 8 Do not understand question / democracy 51 9 Don't know 78 98 Refused 10 Q36. Satisfaction with democracy 36. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Zimbabwe? Are you: 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The country is not a democracy 127 1 Not at all satisfied 220 2 Not very satisfied 279 3 Fairly satisfied 286 4 Very satisfied 161 8 Refused 20 9 Do not know 107 Q37. Obey government always vs. only if vote for it 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 594 2 Agree with 1 449 3 Agree with 2 50 4 Agree very strongly with 2 60 5 Agree with neither 29 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know 12 Q38a. Courts make binding decisions 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 35 2 Disagree 82 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 18 4 Agree 560 5 Strongly Agree 471 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t Know 33 Q38b. People must obey the law 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 23 2 Disagree 75 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 30 4 Agree 520 5 Strongly Agree 535 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t Know 15 Q38c. People must pay taxes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 30 2 Disagree 87 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 46 4 Agree 571 5 Strongly Agree 394 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t Know 71 Q38d. Men have more right to job 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 417 2 Disagree 285 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 58 4 Agree 225 5 Strongly Agree 211 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t Know 4 Q38e. Women have equal right to land 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 95 2 Disagree 135 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 45 4 Agree 486 5 Strongly Agree 427 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t Know 11 Q38f. Better if woman takes care of household 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 113 2 Disagree 220 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 107 4 Agree 360 5 Strongly Agree 391 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t Know 7 Q38g. Government information for official use only 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 306 2 Disagree 329 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 100 4 Agree 231 5 Strongly Agree 91 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t Know 139 Q39a. How often party competition leads to conflict Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 126 1 Rarely 317 2 Often 410 3 Always 265 8 Refused 13 9 Don’t know 69 Q39b. How often president ignores laws Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 332 1 Rarely 214 2 Often 219 3 Always 110 8 Refused 27 9 Don’t know 298 Q39c. How often president ignores parliament Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 346 1 Rarely 206 2 Often 219 3 Always 108 8 Refused 32 9 Don’t know 289 Q40. How much fear political intimidation or violence 40. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political intimidation or violence? Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 A lot 408 1 Somewhat 219 2 A little bit 201 3 Not at all 359 8 Refused 6 9 Don’t know 7 Q41. Elections: opposition prevented from running 41. In your opinion, during this country’s elections, how often are opposition candidates prevented from running for office? Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 424 1 Sometimes 301 2 Often 141 3 Always 75 8 Refused 20 9 Don’t know 239 Q42a. How often careful what you say Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 74 1 Rarely 175 2 Often 398 3 Always 523 8 Refused 7 9 Don’t know 23 Q42b. How often careful which organisations joined Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 119 1 Rarely 213 2 Often 383 3 Always 435 8 Refused 8 9 Don’t know 42 Q42c. How often careful how vote Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 161 1 Rarely 205 2 Often 358 3 Always 414 8 Refused 10 9 Don’t know 52 Q42d. How often people treated unequally Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 207 1 Rarely 297 2 Often 403 3 Always 220 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know 69 Q42e. How often officials unpunished Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 112 1 Rarely 235 2 Often 438 3 Always 256 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 154 Q42f. How often ordinary people unpunished Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 386 1 Rarely 520 2 Often 149 3 Always 70 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 73 Q43a. Trust president 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 167 1 Just a little 185 2 Somewhat 246 3 A lot 516 8 Refused 42 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 44 Q43b. Trust parliament/national assembly 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 192 1 Just a little 270 2 Somewhat 332 3 A lot 325 8 Refused 18 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 63 Q43c. Trust national electoral commission 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 261 1 Just a little 232 2 Somewhat 290 3 A lot 303 8 Refused 16 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 98 Q43d. Trust your elected local government council 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 237 1 Just a little 283 2 Somewhat 316 3 A lot 297 8 Refused 11 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 56 Q43e. Trust the ruling party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 234 1 Just a little 217 2 Somewhat 269 3 A lot 406 8 Refused 36 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 38 Q43f. Trust opposition political parties 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 427 1 Just a little 245 2 Somewhat 287 3 A lot 96 8 Refused 34 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 111 Q43g. Trust police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 291 1 Just a little 289 2 Somewhat 305 3 A lot 302 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 9 Q43h. Trust army 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 153 1 Just a little 231 2 Somewhat 345 3 A lot 426 8 Refused 7 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 38 Q43i. Trust courts of law 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 114 1 Just a little 235 2 Somewhat 459 3 A lot 319 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 68 Q43j. Trust traditional leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 119 1 Just a little 189 2 Somewhat 314 3 A lot 375 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 200 Q43k. Trust religious leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 79 1 Just a little 226 2 Somewhat 367 3 A lot 504 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 23 Q43l_ZIM. Trust: The Zimbabwe Revenue Authority or ZIMRA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 256 1 Just a little 302 2 Somewhat 271 3 A lot 148 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 220 Q43m_ZIM. Trust: Non Governmental Organizations 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 67 1 Just a little 186 2 Somewhat 408 3 A lot 448 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough 87 Q44a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 166 1 Some of them 479 2 Most of them 220 3 All of them 117 8 Refused 13 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 205 Q44b. Corruption: Members of Parliament Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 93 1 Some of them 513 2 Most of them 328 3 All of them 112 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 148 Q44c. Corruption: government officials Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 85 1 Some of them 541 2 Most of them 329 3 All of them 103 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 136 Q44d. Corruption: local government councillors Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 102 1 Some of them 554 2 Most of them 292 3 All of them 123 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 126 Q44e. Corruption: police Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 91 1 Some of them 364 2 Most of them 380 3 All of them 294 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 68 Q44f. Corruption: judges and magistrates Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 140 1 Some of them 567 2 Most of them 228 3 All of them 70 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 192 Q44g. Corruption: traditional leaders Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 228 1 Some of them 555 2 Most of them 139 3 All of them 45 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 231 Q44h. Corruption: religious leaders Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 282 1 Some of them 651 2 Most of them 153 3 All of them 26 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 87 Q44i. Corruption: business executives Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 87 1 Some of them 553 2 Most of them 332 3 All of them 84 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 141 Q44j. Corruption: non-governmental organisations Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 298 1 Some of them 590 2 Most of them 98 3 All of them 30 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 181 Q44k_ZIM. Corruption: Officials of the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority or ZIMRA Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 54 1 Some of them 369 2 Most of them 346 3 All of them 199 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 230 Q45. Level of corruption 45. In your opinion, over the past year, has the level of corruption in this country increased, decreased, or stayed the same? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Increased a lot 463 2 Increased somewhat 256 3 Stayed the same 257 4 Decreased somewhat 109 5 Decreased a lot 21 8 Refused 6 9 Don’t know 88 Q46. Ordinary people can fight corruption 46. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: Ordinary people can make a difference in the fight against corruption? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 280 2 Disagree 264 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 56 4 Agree 356 5 Strongly Agree 188 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t Know 54 Q47. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear 47. In this country, can ordinary people report incidents of corruption without fear, or do they risk retaliation or other negative consequences if they speak out? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Can report without fear 297 1 Risk retaliation 821 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 79 Q48a. Ordinary person: pay bribe to avoid taxes 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 351 1 Not very likely 286 2 Somewhat likely 308 3 Very likely 183 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 69 Q48b. Ordinary person: pay bribe to avoid going to court 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 235 1 Not very likely 323 2 Somewhat likely 356 3 Very likely 235 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 49 Q48c. Ordinary person: pay bribe to register land not theirs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 308 1 Not very likely 326 2 Somewhat likely 286 3 Very likely 190 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 88 Q48d. Rich person: pay bribe to avoid taxes 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 120 1 Not very likely 125 2 Somewhat likely 254 3 Very likely 638 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 60 Q48e. Rich person: pay bribe to avoid going to court 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 54 1 Not very likely 79 2 Somewhat likely 269 3 Very likely 760 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 36 Q48f. Rich person: pay bribe to register land not theirs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 69 1 Not very likely 106 2 Somewhat likely 267 3 Very likely 702 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 54 Q49a. Contact with public school 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 717 1 Yes 483 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49b. Difficulty to obtain public school services If ‘no’ at A, circle 7 for both parts B and C and continue to D. If yes, continue with parts B and C Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 109 2 Easy 220 3 Difficult 97 4 Very Difficult 56 7 No contact 717 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49c. Pay bribe for public school services 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 426 1 Once or twice 48 2 A few times 5 3 Often 3 7 No contact 717 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 0 Q49d. Contact with public clinic or hospital 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 488 1 Yes 709 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q49e. Difficulty to obtain medical care If ‘no’ at D, circle 7 for parts E, F and G and continue to H. If yes, continue with parts E, F and G Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 103 2 Easy 276 3 Difficult 208 4 Very Difficult 124 7 No contact 488 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q49f. Time taken to receive medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 75 1 After a long time 257 2 After a short time 241 3 Right away 137 7 No contact 488 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q49g. Pay bribe for medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 679 1 Once or twice 19 2 A few times 11 3 Often 1 7 No contact 488 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 1 Q49h. Tried to obtain identity document 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 847 1 Yes 353 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49i. Difficulty to obtain identity document If ‘no’at H, circle 7 for parts I, J and K and continue L. If yes, continue with parts I, J and K. Read out options 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 47 2 Easy 121 3 Difficult 85 4 Very Difficult 100 7 No contact 847 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49j. Time taken to obtain identity document 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 62 1 After a long time 117 2 After a short time 132 3 Right away 42 7 No contact 847 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49k. Pay bribe for identity document 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 288 1 Once or twice 52 2 A few times 7 3 Often 6 7 No contact 847 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49l. Tried to obtain household services 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1019 1 Yes 181 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49m. Difficulty to obtain household services 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 11 2 Easy 41 3 Difficult 69 4 Very Difficult 60 7 No contact 1019 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49n. Pay bribe for household services If ‘no’ at L, circle 7 for parts M and N and continue to O. If yes, continue with parts M and N. Read out options 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 151 1 Once or twice 23 2 A few times 3 3 Often 3 7 No contact 1019 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 0 Q49o. Requested police assistance 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 967 1 Yes 233 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49p. Difficulty to obtain police assistance If ‘no’ at O, circle 7 for parts P, Q and R and continue to S. If yes, continue with parts P, Q and R. Read out options 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 30 2 Easy 61 3 Difficult 64 4 Very Difficult 78 7 No contact 967 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49q. Time taken to receive police assistance 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 78 1 After a long time 57 2 After a short time 62 3 Right away 36 7 No contact 967 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49r. Pay bribe to receive police assistance 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 180 1 Once or twice 28 2 A few times 11 3 Often 14 7 No contact 967 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49s. Contact with police in other situations 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 622 1 Once or twice 127 2 A few times 144 3 Often 307 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q49t. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police If answer to S was 0=never, select 7=No contact and continue to Q50 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 446 1 Once or twice 50 2 A few times 36 3 Often 46 7 No contact 622 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q50. Respected by public officials 50. In general, when dealing with public officials, how much do you feel that they treat you with respect? Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 241 1 A little bit 276 2 Somewhat 376 3 A lot 221 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 83 Q51. Treatment by public officials compared to others 51. In general, when dealing with public officials, do you think that they treat you better, the same, or worse than other people? Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Much Worse 70 1 Worse 172 2 Same 684 3 Better 104 4 Much Better 31 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 138 Q52. Get correct amount when buying grain 52. When a vendor sells you a kilogramme of maize, rice, sorghum, millet or fonio, how sure are you that you get the correct amount? Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 448 1 Sometimes 447 2 Always 210 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 95 Q53a. Likelihood of response: reporting teacher misconduct Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 187 1 Not very likely 175 2 Somewhat likely 423 3 Very likely 321 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 94 Q53b. Likelihood of response: reporting corruption Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 354 1 Not very likely 290 2 Somewhat likely 282 3 Very likely 118 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 152 Q53c. Likelihood of response: reporting crime Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 111 1 Not very likely 197 2 Somewhat likely 468 3 Very likely 352 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard 72 Q54a. MPs listen Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 372 1 Only Sometimes 461 2 Often 147 3 Always 98 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know 118 Q54b. Local government councillors listen Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 304 1 Only Sometimes 501 2 Often 195 3 Always 105 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 92 Q55pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 55. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?” If respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 0 9999 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/ no problems 7 1 Management of the economy 228 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 96 3 Unemployment 330 4 Poverty/destitution 67 5 Rates and Taxes 3 6 Loans / credit 4 7 Farming/agriculture 40 8 Food shortage/famine 75 9 Drought 11 10 Land 6 11 Transportation 4 12 Communications 3 13 Infrastructure / roads 91 14 Education 28 15 Housing 4 16 Electricity 4 17 Water supply 44 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 8 19 Services (other) 4 20 Health 26 21 AIDS 3 22 Sickness / Disease 9 23 Crime and Security 2 24 Corruption 52 25 Political violence 1 26 Political instability / ethnic tensions 14 27 Discrimination/ inequality 1 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 4 29 Democracy/political rights 4 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 17 9995 Other 6 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don’t know 4 Q55pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) 55. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 1st response, other If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?” If respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1166 CASH CRISIS 3 CASH CRISIS AND THE VALUE OF THE CURRENCY 1 CASH HARDSHIPS 1 CASH SCARCITY 3 CASH SHORTAGES 5 CHILD ABUSE 1 CORRUPTION SHOULD BE STOPPED 1 FLOODING 1 HARD CASH SCARCITY 5 INDUSTRY 1 LIVING WITH THE WILDLIFE NEARBY THEY SHOULD TAKE THE ANIMALS TO THE PARKS 1 LOCAL CURRENCY 1 MONEY PROBLEMS 1 MONEY SHORTAGES 1 OUR PARENTS ARE GETTING SALARIES LATE AS CIVIL SERVANTS 1 OWN CURRENCY 1 REGISTRARATION OF BIRTHS AND IDENTIFICATION CARDS ARE A PROBLEM TO ACQUIRE 1 SANCTIONS IMPOSED ON ZIMBABWE 1 SEIZURE OF PROPERTY BY THE CITY COUNCIL DUE TO FAILURE OF PAYMENT OF BILLS, BECAUSE WE ARE POOR 1 SHORTAGE OF CASH IN BANKS 1 SOCIAL WELFARE 1 SOLVE PROBLEMS OF CASH SCARCITY 1 Q55pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 55. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?” If respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of the economy 88 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 78 3 Unemployment 220 4 Poverty/destitution 47 5 Rates and Taxes 7 6 Loans / credit 4 7 Farming/agriculture 33 8 Food shortage/famine 102 9 Drought 22 10 Land 8 11 Transportation 11 12 Communications 6 13 Infrastructure / roads 120 14 Education 71 15 Housing 20 16 Electricity 17 17 Water supply 57 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 18 19 Services (other) 14 20 Health 83 21 AIDS 6 22 Sickness / Disease 2 23 Crime and Security 4 24 Corruption 47 25 Political violence 7 26 Political instability / ethnic tensions 7 27 Discrimination/ inequality 3 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 1 29 Democracy/political rights 10 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 1 32 Agricultural marketing 15 9995 Other 7 9996 No further reply 64 9998 Refused 0 Q55pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) 55. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2nd response, other If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?” If respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1177 CASH 1 CASH CRISIS 3 CASH SCARCITY 1 CASH SHORTAGES 1 CHILD ABUSE 1 FREEDOM OF WORSHIP 1 HARD CASH SCARCITY 1 HARD CASH SHORTAGE 1 HARD CASH SHORTAGES 1 MARI 1 MONEY SHORTAGES 1 MY CHILDREN TO BE GIVEN WHEELCHAIRS 1 NO MONEY IN BANKS 1 PAYING MONEY TO WAR COLLABORATORS 1 POLITICIANS DONT HONOUR THEIR PROMISES 1 PRICE CONTROL 2 REFUSE COLLECTION 1 THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ATTRACT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 1 THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ATTRACT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND RECAPITALISE ALL AILING AND CLOSED INDUSTRIES 1 THEY SHOULD ISSUE US MINING LICENCES FOR GOLD 1 Q55pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 55. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?” If respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of the economy 64 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 47 3 Unemployment 95 4 Poverty/destitution 52 5 Rates and Taxes 12 6 Loans / credit 11 7 Farming/agriculture 28 8 Food shortage/famine 69 9 Drought 16 10 Land 3 11 Transportation 11 12 Communications 2 13 Infrastructure / roads 138 14 Education 82 15 Housing 16 16 Electricity 21 17 Water supply 60 18 Orphans/street children/homeless children 27 19 Services (other) 13 20 Health 102 21 AIDS 9 22 Sickness / Disease 12 23 Crime and Security 8 24 Corruption 64 25 Political violence 2 26 Political instability / ethnic tensions 9 27 Discrimination/ inequality 7 28 Gender issues / women’s rights 7 29 Democracy/political rights 18 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 13 9995 Other 12 9996 No further reply 170 9998 Refused 0 Q55pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) 55. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 3rd response, other If respondent offers more than three options, ask “Which three of these are the most important?” If respondent offers one or two answers, ask “Anything else?” 1200 1177 CASH CRISIS 1 CASH CRISIS 1 CASH SCARCITY 1 CHOOSING OF MINISTERS 1 CRIME 1 DEMOLITION OF HOUSES 2 ENOUGH STANDS FOR EVERYONE 1 HARD CASH SCARCITY 1 INCOME GENERATING PROJECTS HERE IN OUR RURAL AREAS 1 LISTENING TO PEOPLES IDEAS AND IMPLEMENTING THEM 1 MPS SHOULD BE CHANGED 1 PENSION 1 PEOPLE SHOULD BE FREE TO AIR THEIR VIEWS 1 REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS AND IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTS 1 RULE OF LAW 1 SANCTIONS 1 SOCIAL WELFARE 2 TO MAKE THE MP TO MEET HIS PEOPLE OF THE COMMUNITY 1 TRANSPARENCY 1 TRIBALISM 1 WIDOWS NOT GETTING PENSION BENEFITS 1 Q55_ZIM. Feeling angry about the government for not doing enough to solve problems 55_ZIM. Over the past 12 months, how often, if ever, have you found yourself feeling angry about the government for not doing enough to solve the problems in the country? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 243 1 Rarely 205 2 Sometimes 303 3 Often 236 4 Always 184 7 Not applicable 7 8 Refused 12 9 Don’t know 10 Q56a. Handling managing the economy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 511 2 Fairly Badly 279 3 Fairly Well 295 4 Very Well 66 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 42 Q56b. Handling improving living standards of the poor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 507 2 Fairly Badly 342 3 Fairly Well 259 4 Very Well 60 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 26 Q56c. Handling creating jobs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 785 2 Fairly Badly 276 3 Fairly Well 86 4 Very Well 27 8 Refused 5 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 21 Q56d. Handling keeping prices stable 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 312 2 Fairly Badly 272 3 Fairly Well 418 4 Very Well 149 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 42 Q56e. Handling narrowing income gaps 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 573 2 Fairly Badly 319 3 Fairly Well 182 4 Very Well 35 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 84 Q56f. Handling reducing crime 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 262 2 Fairly Badly 219 3 Fairly Well 458 4 Very Well 184 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 70 Q56g. Handling improving basic health services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 345 2 Fairly Badly 306 3 Fairly Well 422 4 Very Well 103 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 17 Q56h. Handling addressing educational needs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 287 2 Fairly Badly 236 3 Fairly Well 419 4 Very Well 229 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 23 Q56i. Handling providing water and sanitation services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 416 2 Fairly Badly 317 3 Fairly Well 328 4 Very Well 71 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 61 Q56j. Handling ensuring enough to eat 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 463 2 Fairly Badly 321 3 Fairly Well 310 4 Very Well 80 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 20 Q56k. Handling fighting corruption 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 578 2 Fairly Badly 270 3 Fairly Well 218 4 Very Well 43 8 Refused 8 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 83 Q56l. Handling maintaining roads and bridges 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 775 2 Fairly Badly 251 3 Fairly Well 116 4 Very Well 37 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 15 Q56m. Handling providing reliable electric supply 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 288 2 Fairly Badly 257 3 Fairly Well 356 4 Very Well 117 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 176 Q56n. Handling preventing election violence 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 257 2 Fairly Badly 270 3 Fairly Well 413 4 Very Well 136 8 Refused 12 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 112 Q56o. Handling preventing or resolving violent community conflict 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 166 2 Fairly Badly 215 3 Fairly Well 479 4 Very Well 191 8 Refused 7 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 142 Q56q. Handling promoting equal rights/opportunities for women 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 147 2 Fairly Badly 150 3 Fairly Well 609 4 Very Well 231 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 57 Q56r. Handling addressing needs of youth 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 381 2 Fairly Badly 261 3 Fairly Well 394 4 Very Well 92 8 Refused 5 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 67 Q56s. Handling protecting rights, promoting opportunities for disabled 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very Badly 215 2 Fairly Badly 192 3 Fairly Well 391 4 Very Well 129 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 267 Q57a. Better or worse: access to medical care 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 172 2 Worse 275 3 Same 437 4 Better 239 5 Much Better 55 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 21 Q57b. Better or worse: personal safety 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 62 2 Worse 171 3 Same 497 4 Better 327 5 Much Better 108 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 32 Q57c. Better or worse: government effectiveness on education 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 148 2 Worse 203 3 Same 379 4 Better 319 5 Much Better 126 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 23 Q57d. Better or worse: get assistance from police 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 136 2 Worse 216 3 Same 410 4 Better 289 5 Much Better 110 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 37 Q57e. Better or worse: government assists people to resolve problems 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 170 2 Worse 244 3 Same 454 4 Better 196 5 Much Better 28 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know 104 Q57f. Better or worse: MPs listen 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 202 2 Worse 240 3 Same 424 4 Better 166 5 Much Better 41 8 Refused 6 9 Don’t know 121 Q57g. Better or worse: equal opportunities and treatment for women 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 66 2 Worse 95 3 Same 376 4 Better 476 5 Much Better 150 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 36 Q58a. Performance: President 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 190 2 Disapprove 213 3 Approve 385 4 Strongly Approve 285 8 Refused 59 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 68 Q58b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 222 2 Disapprove 351 3 Approve 348 4 Strongly Approve 131 8 Refused 31 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 117 Q58c. Performance: local government councillor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 173 2 Disapprove 330 3 Approve 442 4 Strongly Approve 144 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused 23 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 88 Q58d. Performance: traditional leader 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 114 2 Disapprove 128 3 Approve 414 4 Strongly Approve 188 7 Not applicable 158 8 Refused 13 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 185 Q58e. Performance: your Mayor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disapprove 134 2 Disapprove 204 3 Approve 282 4 Strongly Approve 50 7 Not applicable 221 8 Refused 15 9 Don’t know / haven't heard enough 294 Q59a. Who responsible: MPs do jobs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President / Executive 316 1 The Parliament / County Assembly 222 2 Their Political Party 141 3 The Voters 462 4 No One 14 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 40 Q59b. Who responsible: local councillors do jobs 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President / Executive 159 1 The Parliament / County Assembly 365 2 Their Political Party 121 3 The Voters 506 4 No One 14 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know 31 Q59c. Who responsible: president does job 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The President / Executive 179 1 The Parliament / County Assembly 285 2 Their Political Party 131 3 The Voters 506 4 No One 28 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 66 Q60a. Feared violence in neighbourhood 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 881 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 240 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 67 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 10 Q60b. Feared violence at political event 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 806 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 297 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 83 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 13 Q60c. Feared violence during public protest 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 872 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 220 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 82 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 24 Q60d. Feared violence by extremists 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, Never 949 1 Yes, feared but didn't experience 139 2 Yes, Feared and experienced 47 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know 63 Q61a. Armed forces protect from security threats 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 42 2 Rarely 68 3 Sometimes 203 4 Often 234 5 Always 548 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 101 Q61b. Armed forces get necessary resources 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 42 2 Rarely 91 3 Sometimes 233 4 Often 203 5 Always 328 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 300 Q61c. Armed forces are professional and respectful to citizens 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 81 2 Rarely 123 3 Sometimes 274 4 Often 234 5 Always 359 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough 126 Q62. Free to move when public security threatened vs impose curfews 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 309 2 Agree with 1 333 3 Agree with 2 212 4 Agree very strongly with 2 268 5 Agree with neither 31 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 43 Q63. Government should monitor private communication vs right to privacy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 122 2 Agree with 1 179 3 Agree with 2 225 4 Agree very strongly with 2 604 5 Agree with neither 27 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know 39 Q64 Absolute freedom of religion vs government regulates what is said 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 409 2 Agree with 1 315 3 Agree with 2 199 4 Agree very strongly with 2 207 5 Agree with neither 35 8 Refused 5 9 Don't know 30 Q65. Country governed by religious law vs secular law 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree very strongly with 1 80 2 Agree with 1 84 3 Agree with 2 270 4 Agree very strongly with 2 648 5 Agree with neither 33 8 Refused 6 9 Don't know 79 Q66. Difficulty to move across borders 66. In your opinion, how easy or difficult is it for people in Southern Africa to cross international borders in order to work or trade in other countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very difficult 287 2 Difficult 352 3 Easy 269 4 Very easy 112 7 Never try 79 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 99 Q67. Lived outside country 67. During the past three years, have you or anyone in your household gone to live in another country outside Zimbabwe for more than three months? 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 No 695 1 Yes 504 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 0 Q68a. Considered emigration to other country 68a. How much, if at all, have you considered moving to another country to live? 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 638 1 A little bit 138 2 Somewhat 157 3 A lot 267 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 Q68b. Planned emigration to other country 68b. How much planning or preparation have you done in order to move to another country to live? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 You are not currently making any specific plans or preparations 311 1 You are planning to move in the next year or two but not yet making preparations 170 2 You are currently making preparations to move, like getting a visa 80 7 Not applicable 638 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q69. Most likely country for emigration 69. If you were to move to another country, where would you be most likely to go? 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 0 1 South Africa 306 2 Another country in Southern Africa 65 3 Elsewhere in Africa 44 4 Europe 64 5 North America 28 6 Central/South America 1 7 Middle East 13 8 Asia 2 9 Australia 19 10 Outside of Africa 13 97 Not applicable 638 98 Refused 1 99 Don't know 6 Q70. Most important reason for emigrating If answer to Q68A was "A little bit", "Somewhat", "A lot", or "Don't know", ask: 70. There are several reasons why people leave their home to live in another country for an extended period of time. What about you? What is the most important reason why you would consider moving from Zimbabwe? 1200 -1 9999 -1 Missing 5 1 Find work 350 2 Economic hardship 106 3 Lower taxes at destination 0 4 Poverty 46 5 Poor infrastructure/ services 1 6 Better business prospects 11 7 Natural Disasters 1 8 Better democratic environment 3 9 Political persecution 3 10 Religious persecution 1 11 Civil war 0 12 Crime 1 13 Better schools 4 14 Better medical services 5 15 To pursue an education 10 16 To accompany family members who are moving for work 2 17 To join spouse/ family members who have already migrated 11 18 Travel/tourism/adventure/experience other cultures 1 9995 Other 0 9997 Not applicable 638 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don’t know 1 Q71. Climate conditions compared to ten years ago 71. In your experience, would you say climate conditions for agricultural production in your area have gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same over the last 10 years or haven’t you heard enough to say? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No experience 14 1 Much worse 228 2 Worse 221 3 About the same 188 4 Better 409 5 Much better 87 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 53 Q72a. Severity of droughts 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 204 2 Somewhat more severe 194 3 Stayed the same 216 4 Somewhat less severe 264 5 Much less severe 287 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 35 Q72b. Severity of flooding 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 165 2 Somewhat more severe 225 3 Stayed the same 236 4 Somewhat less severe 172 5 Much less severe 296 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 106 Q73a. Heard about climate change 73a. Have you heard about climate change or haven’t you had the chance to hear about this yet? If no, skip to Q77 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 295 1 Yes 876 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t Know/Haven't heard enough 29 Q73b. Climage change: meaning 73b. What does the phrase “climate change” mean to you? 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Negative changes in the weather 373 2 Positive changes in the weather 200 3 Other changes in weather patterns 296 7 Not applicable 295 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough 36 Q77a. Girls and boys have equal chance at education 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 28 2 Disagree 75 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 14 4 Agree 544 5 Strongly Agree 532 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t Know 6 Q77b. Women and men have equal chance to earn income 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 38 2 Disagree 135 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 24 4 Agree 627 5 Strongly Agree 357 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t Know 18 Q77c. Women and men have equal chance of paying job 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 44 2 Disagree 144 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 35 4 Agree 615 5 Strongly Agree 333 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t Know 29 Q77d. Women and men have equal chance to own/inherit land 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 73 2 Disagree 245 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 67 4 Agree 534 5 Strongly Agree 235 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t Know 46 Q78a. Justified for parents to physically discipline children 1200 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Never justified 334 2 Sometimes justified 576 3 Always justified 290 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q78b. Justified for men to beat their wives 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never justified 961 2 Sometimes justified 206 3 Always justified 30 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 2 Q79_ZIM. Non-partisan social movements are what Zimbabwe needs now 79-ZIM. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Non-partisan social movements like Tajamuka and #This Flag are what Zimbabwe needs now because political parties have failed the country. Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never heard of non-partisan social movements 246 1 Strongly disagree 175 2 Disagree 179 3 Neither agree nor disagree 92 4 Agree 158 5 Strongly agree 138 8 Refused 12 9 Don’t know 200 Q80a_ZIM. The introduction of bond notes will help ease economic problems 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 337 2 Disagree 243 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 74 4 Agree 295 5 Strongly Agree 173 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough 76 Q80b_ZIM. In order to win the 2018 Presidential election, opposition political parties should work together under a Grand Coalition 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 112 2 Disagree 222 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 130 4 Agree 291 5 Strongly Agree 246 8 Refused 21 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough 178 Q80c_ZIM. The recent protests are a good way for citizens to express their displeasure with government performance 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 176 2 Disagree 269 3 Neither Agree nor Disagree 103 4 Agree 229 5 Strongly Agree 152 8 Refused 11 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough 260 Q81a_ZIM. Free to criticise: Your local councillor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 401 2 Not very free 250 3 Somewhat free 251 4 Completely free 240 8 Refused 13 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 45 Q81b_ZIM. Free to criticise: Your traditional leader 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 394 2 Not very free 205 3 Somewhat free 223 4 Completely free 180 8 Refused 13 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 185 Q81c_ZIM. Free to criticise: The police 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 463 2 Not very free 288 3 Somewhat free 238 4 Completely free 176 8 Refused 11 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 24 Q81d_ZIM. Free to criticise: The army 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 572 2 Not very free 301 3 Somewhat free 172 4 Completely free 112 8 Refused 11 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 32 Q81e_ZIM. Free to criticise: Your MP 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 476 2 Not very free 266 3 Somewhat free 239 4 Completely free 156 8 Refused 12 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 51 Q81f_ZIM. Free to criticise: Joice Mujuru 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 428 2 Not very free 223 3 Somewhat free 215 4 Completely free 200 8 Refused 26 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 108 Q81g_ZIM. Free to criticise: Morgan Tsvangirai 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 405 2 Not very free 227 3 Somewhat free 223 4 Completely free 229 8 Refused 25 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 91 Q81h_ZIM. Free to criticise: President Robert Mugabe 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 744 2 Not very free 186 3 Somewhat free 104 4 Completely free 81 8 Refused 28 9 Don’t know/ Haven’t heard enough to say 57 Q82_ZIM. Only vote vs. also participate in national and community affairs between elections 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 178 2 Agree with Statement 1 232 3 Agree with Statement 2 245 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 471 5 Agree with Neither 25 8 Refused to answer 8 9 Don't know 41 Q83_ZIM. Indigenizing the economy vs. encouraging foreign investment 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 1 156 2 Agree with Statement 1 161 3 Agree with Statement 2 216 4 Agree Very Strongly with Statement 2 596 5 Agree with Neither 27 8 Refused to answer 3 9 Don't know 41 Q84. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe 84. Let's go back to talking about you. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? If respondent does not identify any group on this question - that is, IF they REFUSE to answer (9998), DON'T KNOW (9999) or mention "Zimbabwean only (9990)" - then circle 7 = Not Applicable for Q85A and Q85B and continue to question Q86. 1200 860 9999 -1 Missing 0 860 Ndebele 138 861 Shona 427 862 Zezuru 135 863 Korekore 72 864 Karanga 123 865 Manyika 88 866 Ndau 59 867 Venda 3 868 Kalanga 19 869 Tonga 39 870 Buja 15 9990 Zimbabwean only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms” 3 9995 Other 74 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don’t know 5 Q84other. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe (verbatim) 84. Let's go back to talking about you. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe? If respondent does not identify any group on this question - that is, IF they REFUSE to answer (9998), DON'T KNOW (9999) or mention "Zimbabwean only (9990)" - then circle 7 = Not Applicable for Q85A and Q85B and continue to question Q86. 1200 1111 BALOZVI 1 BIRWA 1 BOCHA 3 BUDYA 5 BUJA 10 CHANGANA 1 CHANGANI 2 CHAWA 1 CHEWA 7 CHIKUNDA 2 CHITOKO 1 COLOURED 1 DOMBE 1 JINDWE 1 LOZWI 2 MACHAWA 1 MAUNGWE 9 MUBHURANDAYA 1 MUBUDYA 1 MUCHAWA 1 MUCHEWA 3 MUMALAWI 1 MUMAUNGWE 1 MUNYANJA 1 MUSHAKA 1 MUVHITORI 1 NAMBIA 1 NAMBYA 1 NYANJA 4 PFUMBI 1 SENA 2 SHANGAAN 1 SHANGANI 1 SOTHO 6 SUTHU 3 TSENGA 1 TSHANGANI 4 TSUNGA 1 VITORI 1 ZENGENDABA 1 ZENGENDABA OF MALAWI 1 Q85a. Ethnic group treated unfairly 85A. How often, if ever, are ___________s [R’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government? If respondent did not identify any group on Q84– that is, IF they REFUSED to answer (9998), DIDN’T KNOW (9999), or said “Zimbabwean only” (9990) – then circle 7 = Not Applicable for questions Q85A and Q85B and continue to question Q86. Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 902 1 Sometimes 155 2 Often 61 3 Always 49 7 Not applicable 8 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 24 Q85b. Ethnic or national identity 85B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Zimbabwean and being a ________[R’s ETHNIC GROUP]. Which of the following statements best expresses your feelings? If respondent did not identify any group on Q84 - that is, IF they REFUSED to answer (9998), DIDN’T KNOW (9999), or said “Zimbabwean only” (9990) – then circle 7 = Not Applicable for questions 85A and 85B and continue to question 86. 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 I feel only (ethnic group) 72 2 I feel more (ethnic group) than (national identity) 94 3 I feel equally (national identity) and (ethnic group) 492 4 I feel more (national identity) than (ethnic group) 113 5 I feel only (national identity) 412 7 Not applicable 8 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 9 Q86a. Experienced discrimination based on gender 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1097 1 Once or twice 60 2 Several times 28 3 Many times 13 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q86b. Experienced discrimination based on religion 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1116 1 Once or twice 40 2 Several times 20 3 Many times 19 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q86c. Experienced discrimination based on ethnicity 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1068 1 Once or twice 58 2 Several times 48 3 Many times 24 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q86d. Experienced discrimination based on disability 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 36 1 Once or twice 6 2 Several times 3 3 Many times 5 7 Not applicable (no disability) 1150 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q87a. Neighbours: people of different religion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 18 2 Somewhat dislike 23 3 Would not care 519 4 Somewhat like 174 5 Strongly like 463 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 3 Q87b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 26 2 Somewhat dislike 23 3 Would not care 540 4 Somewhat like 191 5 Strongly like 417 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 3 Q87c. Neighbours: homosexuals 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 1010 2 Somewhat dislike 75 3 Would not care 83 4 Somewhat like 2 5 Strongly like 9 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 19 Q87d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 56 2 Somewhat dislike 84 3 Would not care 524 4 Somewhat like 204 5 Strongly like 323 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 9 Q88a. Close to political party 88A. Do you feel close to any particular political party? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, not close to any party 431 1 Yes, feels close to a party 696 8 Refused 70 9 Don't know 3 Q88b. Which party If "Yes" to Q88A, ask: 88B. Which party is that? If answer to Q88A was "No", "Don't Know", or "Refused to answer", circle 9997 = Not applicable. 1200 860 9999 -1 Missing 0 860 Movement for Democratic Change- Tsvangirai [MDC-T] 147 861 Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front [ZANU-PF] 414 862 Movement for Democratic Change –Mutambara [MDC-M] 1 863 Mavambo. Kusile. Dawn [MKD] – Simba Makoni 1 864 Zimbabwe African People’s Union- Dabengwa [ZAPU-Dabengwa] 3 865 Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube [MDC-Ncube ] 0 866 MDC People’s Democratic Party [Tendai Biti] 1 867 Zimbabwe People First [ZIMPF] – Joice Mujuru 26 9995 Other 0 9997 Not applicable 504 9998 Refused 102 9999 Don't know 1 Q89a. Own radio 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 335 1 Yes, someone else owns 227 2 Yes, do own 635 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 2 Q89b. Own television 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 620 1 Yes, someone else owns 155 2 Yes, do own 419 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 5 Q89c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 919 1 Yes, someone else owns 127 2 Yes, do own 146 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 8 Q89d. Own computer 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 945 1 Yes, someone else owns 100 2 Yes, do own 147 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 8 Q89e. Own bank account 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 611 1 Yes, someone else owns 201 2 Yes, do own 377 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 10 Q89f. Own mobile phone 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, don’t own 101 1 Yes, someone else owns 87 2 Yes, do own 1010 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q90. Mobile phone access to internet If yes to personally owning a mobile phone: 90. Does your phone have access to the internet? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, does not have internet access 567 1 Yes, has internet 437 7 Not applicable 190 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 6 Q91a. How often use a mobile phone Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 97 1 Less than once a month 23 2 A few times a month 43 3 A few times a week 191 4 Everyday 842 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q91b. How often use the internet Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 771 1 Less than once a month 55 2 A few times a month 110 3 A few times a week 120 4 Everyday 138 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 6 Q92a. Source of water for household use Read out options 1200 1 3 -1 Missing 0 1 Inside the house 290 2 Inside the compound 371 3 Outside the compound 539 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q92b. Location of toilet or latrine Read out options 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No latrine 85 1 Inside the house 371 2 Inside the compound 572 3 Outside the compound 171 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q93. Electric connection from mains If it is 100% clear that there is no electricity supply to the home, e.g., in an unserved rural area, do not ask the question of the respondent. Just select 0=No electricity supply and continue to the next question. 93. Do you have an electric connection to your home from the mains? [if yes] How often is electricity actually available from this connection? 1200 0 5 -1 Missing 0 0 No mains electric supply or connection to the home 718 1 Never 15 2 Occasionally 79 3 About half of the time 20 4 Most of the time 274 5 All of the time 94 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q94. Employment status 94. Do you have a job that pays a cash income? [if yes, ask:] Are you presently looking for a job? 1200 0 3 -1 Missing 0 0 No, not looking 445 1 No, looking 450 2 Yes, part time 147 3 Yes, full time 158 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 Q95a. Occupation of respondent 95A. What is your main occupation? [If unemployed, retired or disabled, ask:] What was your last main occupation? 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 Never had a job 237 1 Student 71 2 Housewife / homemaker 107 3 Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 157 4 Trader / hawker / vendor 99 5 Retail / Shop 36 6 Unskilled manual worker 205 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker 100 8 Clerical or secretarial 16 9 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 16 10 Security services 24 11 Mid-level professional 67 12 Upper-level professional 18 95 Other 44 98 Refused 1 99 Don’t know 2 Q95b. Employer of respondent If respondent has an occupation, i.e., responses on Q95A other than 0=never had a job, 1=student, 2=housewife/homemaker, ask: 95B. Do you work for yourself, for someone else in the private sector or the non-governmental sector, or for government? Read out options 1200 -1 7 -1 Missing 484 1 Works for self 140 2 Private sector 99 3 Non Governmental Organizations / Civil society sector 13 4 Government 46 7 Not applicable 418 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q95c. Who decides how money is used 95C. What is the main way decisions are made about how to use any money you have or earn, for example from a job, a business, selling things or other activities? Read out options 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 You make the decisions yourself 345 2 Your spouse makes the decisions 94 3 You make the decisions jointly with your spouse 489 4 You make the decisions jointly with other family members 149 5 Other family members make the decisions without you 99 6 None of the above / Some other response 2 7 Not applicable, no earnings 20 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 1 Q96a. Head of household 96A. Who is the head of this household, that is the person who has primary responsibility for making decisions on behalf of the household? 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 0 1 You (respondent) 524 2 Respondent's spouse 324 3 Respondent's father 187 4 Respondent's mother 75 5 Respondent's son 11 6 Respondent's daughter 3 7 Respondent's grandfather 6 8 Respondent's grandmother 14 9 Another male relative 29 10 Another female relative 10 11 Someone else 7 12 More than one person 9 98 Refused 0 99 Don’t know 1 Q96b. Occupation of head of household If respondent is not the head of household, i.e. if the response to 96A was NOT 1=You [respondent] or 99=Don't know, ask: 96B. What is the main occupation of the head of the household? [If unemployed, retired or disabled, ask]: What was their last main occupation? 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 Never had a job 68 1 Student 13 2 Housewife / homemaker 20 3 Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 116 4 Trader / hawker / vendor 52 5 Retail / Shop 15 6 Unskilled manual worker 133 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker 81 8 Clerical or secretarial 7 9 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 20 10 Security services 28 11 Mid-level professional 46 12 Upper-level professional 25 95 Other 48 97 Not applicable (respondent is head of household) 525 98 Refused 1 99 Don’t know 2 Q97. Education of respondent 97. What is your highest level of education? 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No formal schooling 71 1 Informal schooling only 5 2 Some primary schooling 118 3 Primary school completed 147 4 Some secondary school / high school 292 5 Secondary school / high school completed 395 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university 120 7 Some university 18 8 University completed 25 9 Post-graduate 9 98 Refused 0 99 Don’t know 0 Q98. Religion of respondent 98. What is your religion, if any? 1200 0 9999 -1 Missing 0 0 None 107 1 Christian only 129 2 Roman Catholic 130 3 Orthodox 2 4 Coptic 0 5 Anglican 50 6 Lutheran 11 7 Methodist 65 8 Presbyterian 8 9 Baptist 8 10 Quaker / Friends 0 11 Mennonite 0 12 Evangelical 15 13 Pentecostal 225 14 Independent 71 15 Jehovah’s Witness 19 16 Seventh Day Adventist 60 17 Mormon 1 18 Muslim only 6 19 Sunni only 0 20 Ismaeli 1 21 Mouridiya Brotherhood 0 22 Tijaniya Brotherhood 0 23 Qadiriya Brotherhood 0 24 Shia 0 25 Traditional / ethnic religion 17 26 Hindu 0 27 Bahai 0 28 Agnostic 0 29 Atheist 0 30 Dutch Reformed 17 31 Calvinist 1 32 Church of Christ 11 33 Zionist Christian Church 69 34 Jewish 0 860 Apostolic Church 147 9995 Other 29 9998 Refused 0 9999 Don't know 1 Q98other. Religion of respondent (verbatim) 1200 1171 BETHSAIDA 1 CHURCH OF CENTRAL AFRICA PRESBYTERIAN 1 DIVINE YARD 1 GLAD TIDINGS 1 JOHANNE MARANGE 1 LANDANI- A MAIN LINE CHURCH 1 M E TOPIA- A MAINLINE CHURCH 1 MUGODHI 1 PARADISE 1 POSTOLI 1 REFORMED DUTCH 1 SALVATION ARMY 4 SENGWAYO 1 ST JOHNS 1 SUNGANO APOSTOLIC CHURCH 1 THE SPIRIT ANGELS CHURCH OF GOD 1 UCCZ 1 UNITED METHODIST 2 VINEYARD MINISTRIES 1 ZAOGA 1 ZCC 1 ZIOGA 1 ZION 3 Q99. Vote for which party 99. If presidential elections were held tomorrow, which party's candidate would you vote for? 1200 860 9999 -1 Missing 0 860 Movement for Democratic Change-Tsvangirai [MDC-T] 189 861 Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front [ZANU-PF] 458 862 Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara [MDC-M] 10 863 Mavambo.Kusile.Dawn [MKD] – Simba Makoni 4 864 Zimbabwe African People’s Union –Dabengwa [ZAPU-Dabengwa ] 4 865 Movement for Democratic Change –Ncube [MDC-Ncube] 0 866 MDC Renewal Team/People’s Democratic Party [Tendai Biti] 2 867 Zimbabwe People First [ZPF] – Joice Mujuru 43 9995 Other 5 9997 Would not vote 130 9998 Refused to answer 295 9999 Don't know 60 Q99other. Vote for which party (verbatim) 99. If presidential elections were held tomorrow, which party's candidate would you vote for? 1200 1195 COALITION BETWEEN TSVANGIRAI AND JOYCE MUJURU 1 EMMERSON MNANGWAGA 1 HAS NO ANSWER AT THE MOMENT AGREED WITH OTHER YOUTHS TO VOTE FOR ONE IN BULK WHEN THE TIME COMES 1 INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE 1 THE LEADER OF THE COALITION OF THE OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTIES 1 Q100. Perceived survey sponsor 100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No one 18 1 Afrobarometer 236 2 Research Company 66 3 Non-government or religious organization 121 4 University / School / College 29 5 Private company 26 6 Media 28 7 Political party or politician 63 8 Government 441 9 International organization or another country 17 10 God 7 95 Other 19 98 Refused 8 99 Don’t know 121 1200 Length of interview Lenght of interview Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock 1200 -1 185.8758 -1 Missing 2 Q101. Gender of respondent 101. Respondent's gender 1200 1 2 1 Male 597 2 Female 603 Q102. Race of respondent 102. Respondent's race? 1200 1 2 1 Black / African 1199 2 White / European 1 3 Coloured / Mixed race 0 4 Arab / Lebanese / North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 0 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 0 9995 Other 0 9999 Don't know 0 Q103. Language of interview 103. What was the primary language used in the interview? 1200 1 9995 1 English 135 860 Ndebele 172 861 Shona 892 9995 Other 1 Q103other. Language of interview (verbatim) 1200 1199 BUJA 1 Q104. Type of shelter of respondent 104. In what type of shelter does the respondent live? 1200 1 8 1 Non-traditional / formal house 786 2 Traditional house / hut 382 3 Temporary structure / shack 4 4 Flat in a block of flats 17 5 Single room in a larger dwelling structure or backyard 3 7 Hostel in an industrial compound or farming compound 7 8 Other 1 Q105. Roof of respondent’s home 105. What was the roof of the respondent's home or shelter made of? 1200 1 9 1 Metal, aluminum, tin or zinc 193 2 Tiles 89 3 Shingles 0 4 Thatch or grass 360 5 Plastic sheets 5 6 Asbestos 535 7 Multiple materials 3 8 Concrete 12 9 Some other material 3 10 Could not tell / could not see 0 Q106. Others present 106. Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 1200 1 5 1 No one 768 2 Spouse only 101 3 Children only 197 4 A few others 133 5 Small crowd 1 Q107a. Check with others 107. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 1200 0 1 0 No 1159 1 Yes 41 Q107b. Influence by others 107. Do you think anyone influenced the respondent's answers during the interview? 1200 0 1 0 No 1162 1 Yes 38 Q107c. Approached by community/party representatives 107. Were you approached by community and/or political party representatives? 1200 0 1 0 No 1192 1 Yes 8 Q107d. Feel threatened 107. Did you feel threatened during the interview? 1200 0 1 0 No 1190 1 Yes 10 Q107e. Physically threatened 107. Were you physically threatened during the interview? 1200 0 0 No 1200 1 Yes 0 Q108. Proportion difficulty answering 108. What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 1200 0 3 0 None 1059 1 Few 58 2 Some 61 3 Most 22 4 All 0 Q110a. Respondent friendly 1200 1 3 1 Friendly 907 2 In between 281 3 Hostile 12 Q110b. Respondent interested 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: interested, in between, or bored? 1200 1 3 1 Interested 837 2 In between 336 3 Bored 27 Q110c. Respondent cooperative 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: cooperative, in between, or uncooperative? 1200 1 3 1 Cooperative 949 2 In between 222 3 Uncooperative 29 Q110d. Respondent patient 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: patient, in between, or impatient? 1200 1 3 1 Patient 915 2 In between 227 3 Impatient 58 Q110e. Respondent at ease 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: at ease, in between, or suspicious? 1200 1 3 1 At ease 788 2 In between 304 3 Suspicious 108 Q110f. Respondent honest 110. What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she: honest, in between, or misleading? 1200 1 3 1 Honest 766 2 In between 351 3 Misleading 83 Q110g_ZIM. Respondent calm 110. What was the respondent's attitude toward you during the interview? Was he or she calm, in between or fearful? 1200 1 3 1 Calm 875 2 In between 269 3 Fearful 56 Q112. Interviewer Number 112. Interviewer number 1200 ZIM04 44 ZIM10 48 ZIM12 48 ZIM13 52 ZIM14 52 ZIM15 56 ZIM16 48 ZIM18 56 ZIM19 52 ZIM23 54 ZIM24 44 ZIM25 42 ZIM26 56 ZIM27 56 ZIM28 42 ZIM29 54 ZIM30 54 ZIM31 48 ZIM32 54 ZIM33 42 ZIM34 42 ZIM35 8 ZIM36 48 ZIM38 52 ZIM39 48 Q113. Interviewer’s age 113. Interviewer’s age 1200 22 41 22 54 24 96 25 8 26 92 27 152 28 112 29 96 30 56 31 90 33 52 35 90 36 92 38 48 40 54 41 108 Q114. Interviewer’s gender 114. Interviewer’s gender 1200 1 2 1 Male 408 2 Female 792 Q115. Interviewer rural or urban 115. Do you come from a rural or urban area? 1200 1 2 1 Rural 62 2 Urban 1138 Q116. Interviewer's home language 116. Interviewer’s home language 1200 1 872 -1 Missing 0 1 English 138 860 Ndebele 270 861 Shona 424 862 Zezuru 110 863 Korekore 0 864 Karanga 48 865 Manyika 154 866 Ndau 0 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 0 872 Hwesa 56 9995 Other 0 Q116other. Interviewer's home language (verbatim) 1200 1144 HWESA 56 Q117. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe 117. Interviewer’s ethnic group/tribe: 1200 860 874 -1 Missing 0 1 English 0 860 Ndebele 146 861 Shona 98 862 Zezuru 258 863 Korekore 48 864 Karanga 148 865 Manyika 254 866 Ndau 54 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 0 872 Hwesa 56 873 Sotho 96 874 Coloured 42 9990 Zimbabwean only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms” 0 9995 Other 0 9998 Refused to answer 0 9999 Don’t know 0 Q117other. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe (verbatim) 1200 1006 COLOURED 42 HWESA 56 SOTHO 96 Q118. Interviewer's education 118. Interviewer’s highest level of education 1200 6 9 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some secondary school / high school 0 5 Secondary school / high school completed 0 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university 100 7 Some university 54 8 University completed 840 9 Post graduate 206 Q119. Other spoken languages_first 119. Which Zimbabwean languages do you speak? 1200 1 862 1 English 1002 860 Ndebele 0 861 Shona 150 862 Zezuru 48 863 Korekore 0 864 Karanga 0 865 Manyika 0 866 Ndau 0 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 0 872 Hwesa 0 874 Coloured 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 0 Q119. Other spoken languages_second 119. Which Zimbabwean languages do you speak? 1200 860 9996 1 English 0 860 Ndebele 368 861 Shona 634 862 Zezuru 0 863 Korekore 0 864 Karanga 0 865 Manyika 0 866 Ndau 0 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 0 872 Hwesa 0 874 Coloured 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 198 Q119. Other spoken languages_third 119. Which Zimbabwean languages do you speak? 1200 861 9996 1 English 0 860 Ndebele 0 861 Shona 368 862 Zezuru 208 863 Korekore 0 864 Karanga 44 865 Manyika 56 866 Ndau 54 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 0 872 Hwesa 0 874 Coloured 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 470 Q119. Other spoken languages_fourth 119. Which Zimbabwean languages do you speak? 1200 865 9996 1 English 0 860 Ndebele 0 861 Shona 0 862 Zezuru 0 863 Korekore 0 864 Karanga 0 865 Manyika 144 866 Ndau 56 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 42 872 Hwesa 0 873 Sotho 42 874 Coloured 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 916 Q119. Other spoken languages_fifth 119. Which Zimbabwean languages do you speak? 1200 872 9996 1 English 0 860 Ndebele 0 861 Shona 0 862 Zezuru 0 863 Korekore 0 864 Karanga 0 865 Manyika 0 866 Ndau 0 867 Venda 0 868 Kalanga 0 869 Tonga 0 872 Hwesa 56 874 Coloured 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further reply 1144 Q119other. Other spoken languages (verbatim) 119. Which Zimbabwean languages do you speak? 1200 1102 HWESA 56 SOTHO 42 within country weighting factor Respondent number 1200 0.446536460555682 1.97179951246135