National Household Travel Survey 2020

The sample design for the NHTS was based on a master sample (MS) that used a two-stage, stratified design with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling of PSUs from within strata, and systematic sampling of dwelling units (DUs) from the sampled primary sampling units (PSUs). A self-weighting design at provincial level was used and MS stratification was divided into two levels, primary and secondary stratification. Primary stratification was defined by metropolitan and non-metropolitan geographic area type. During secondary stratification, the Census 2001 data were summarized at PSU level. The following variables were used for secondary stratification, household size, education, occupancy status, gender, industry and income.

Census enumeration areas (EAs) as delineated for Census 2001 formed the basis of the PSUs. The following additional rules were used:
• Where possible, PSU sizes were kept between 100 and 500 dwelling units (DUs);
• EAs with fewer than 25 DUs were excluded.
• EAs with between 26 and 99 DUs were pooled to form larger PSUs and the criteria used was same settlement type;
• Virtual splits were applied to large PSUs: 500 to 999 splits into two; 1000 to 1499 splits into three; and 1500 plus split into four PSUs; and
• Informal PSUs were segmented.

A Randomized Probability Proportional to Size (RPPS) systematic sample of PSUs was drawn in each stratum, with the measure of size being the number of households in the PSU. Altogether approximately 3080 PSUs were selected. In each selected PSU a systematic sample of dwelling units was drawn. The number of DUs selected per PSU varies from PSU to PSU and depends on the Inverse Sampling Ratios (ISR) of each PSU.