MOZ_2021_FFSEVIE-BL_v01_M
eVoucher and Farmer Field School Impact Evaluation 2021
Baseline Survey Round
Name | Country code |
---|---|
Mozambique | MOZ |
1-2-3 Survey, phase 1 [hh/123-1]
This is the Baseline Round of the DIME eVoucher and FFS impact evaluations in Mozambique.
Despite strong and sustained economic growth over the last two decades, poverty in Mozambique has remained high, particularly in rural areas. With over 80% of the population deriving its livelihood primarily from agricultural activities, the rural development and structural transformation agenda is central to poverty alleviation in Mozambique. In this context the European Union Delegation to Mozambique launched the PROMOVE Agribiz program, which aims to improve food security and the resilience of smallholder producers as well as boost rural competitiveness. The program is implemented across 10 districts in the rural areas of Nampula and Zambezia
provinces.
As part of the PROMOVE Agribiz program, FAO will roll-out its FFS and eVoucher interventions to increase access to extension services with the aim of increasing local awareness of sustainable land management practices and boost access and adoption of modern agricultural inputs. To shed light on different constraints to adoption, FAO and DIME coordinated the FFS and eVoucher intervention roll-out in such a way that it allows for the identification of the impact of the individual interventions as well as their complementarities, providing for a richer understanding of constraints to adoption more broadly. Intervention impacts are identified by comparing communities and households that are randomized into one of four groups: i) Receiving an FFS, ii) receiving eVouchers, iii) receiving both, and iv) receiving neither – the control group. The complete experimental sample includes 388 communities and 4630 households.
Treatment assignment variables are embargoed until the study is complete.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household, individual
2023-04-07
The experimental sample includes 388 communities and 4630 households.
The data collection took place in the Mozambican provinces of Nampula and Zambezia.
Name | Affiliation |
---|---|
Florence Kondylis | World Bank, DIME |
John Loeser | World Bank, DIME |
Paul Christian | World Bank, DIME |
Astrid Zwager | World Bank, DIME |
Name | Abbreviation | Role |
---|---|---|
European Union Delegation to Mozambique | EUD | Funder |
The sampling procedure for the program impact evaluation includes four steps:
Step 1 – Identification of possible intervention communities.
At the beginning of the program, the research team asked FAO to provide a list of extension agents (EAs) who would be responsible for identifying communities for intervention, and established the catchment for each EA. From this list, the research team assigned each EA, by random lottery, a pipeline of communities in which to establish a FFS or register farmers for eVouchers. Working with a total of 102 EAs, the team identified 799 potential intervention communities.
Step 2 – Community level randomization.
From the long-list of communities in each EA’s catchment, four communities were randomly assigned to compose the experimental sample. Each of these communities was then assigned to one of the following four groups receiving either:
Step 3 – Within community identification of FFS interested participants.
Participation in the FFS is voluntary and based on farmers expressing interest. This means that farmers who choose to participate are likely not representative of the average farmer in the community. To allow for identification of likely FFS participants in a similar way in both the FFS treatment and control groups, each of the EAs visited their four experimental communities to list community members interested in participating in a FFS group prior to the roll-out of the interventions. During the listing, communities were asked to also identify two likely FFS facilitators of each group. On average 29.3 members per community were listed as FFS
interested participants.
Step 4 – Within community farmer randomization of eVouchers.
To allow for measurement of spillovers of eVouchers within communities, a second randomization was done to select treatment and control farmers within communities. This is done among both FFS likely participants and among other members of the community. To obtain a list of all members in the experimental communities, an extensive household listing was performed in October and November 2020. The identification of treatment and control eVoucher households within communities is done for all evaluation communities, not just those assigned to receive eVouchers. This permits the identification of the equivalent households in both treatment and control groups.
The baseline survey sample is composed of all 388 evaluation communities. Within each community, 12 households are sampled from the following groups:
Both likely facilitators from the FFS listing were prioritized to be included in the survey sample. Sampling weights are applied when translating our sample averages to community wide average or other combinations of groups with different sampling probabilities.
The research team could not obtain listing from two communities and one community only had 10 households.
Replacements were made whenever a household in the original sample could not be interviewed after three unsuccessfully attempts by the enumerators. Replacements were impact evaluation sample group specific, i.e., a household on the FFS interested list would be replaced by a household of that same status from the replacement list in that same community, maintaining the sample structure wherever possible. Replacement rate was around 6% of the original randomized sample.
The survey was conducted in Portuguese. The questionnaire is available for download.
Start | End | Cycle |
---|---|---|
2021-07-09 | 2022-02-18 | Baseline |
Quality control Data quality was assured through DIME’s rigorous data quality protocols. Surveys were performed on tablet devices running SurveyCTO Collect data collection software. During the interview data consistency and quality is managed through a series of hard checks (e.g., all relevant questions must have an answer, age cannot be more than 120) and soft checks (e.g., enumerators receive a flag for unlikely but not impossible answers such reporting of plot areas larger than 5 ha). The DIME team performed immediate daily quality checks and inconsistencies are then sent back to the field teams for final verification. Each survey was recorded and randomly audited for each enumerator at several points throughout the data collection. Finally a short verification survey (backcheck) was applied to a random sample of 15% of household surveys. Cases in which fundamental responses were not aligned (such as the number of plots) were re-interviewed. These stringent data quality checks enabled DIME to identify that the first round of household data collection had not been collected properly, and terminated this phase in May 2021. The DIME team identified widespread cases of falsified data from a sample of enumerator audits and these cases invalidated the data collected until that point. The team of enumerators was replaced and a second round of data collection commenced from July 2021.
Name |
---|
World Bank |
Name | Affiliation |
---|---|
Astrid Zwager | World Bank DIME |
Steven Glover | World Bank DIME |
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
Example:
Florence Kondylis (World Bank, DIME), John Loeser (World Bank, DIME), Paul Christian (World Bank, DIME), Astrid Zwager (World Bank, DIME). Mozambique - eVoucher and Farmer Field School Impact Evaluation 2021, Baseline Survey Round (). Ref: MOZ_2021_FFSEVIE-BL_v01_M. Downloaded from [uri] on [date].
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Name | Affiliation | |
---|---|---|
Astrid Zwager | World Bank DIME | azwager@worldbank.org |
Steven Glover | World Bank DIME | sglover1@worldbank.org |
DDI_MOZ_2021_FFSEVIE-BL_v01_M_WB
Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
---|---|---|---|
Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the study |
2024-08-08
Version 01 (2024-08-08)