Afrobarometer Survey 2021-2023
Merged 39 Country

Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso...and 36 more, 2021 - 2023

Reference ID

AFR_2021-2023_AFB-MR9_v01_M

Producer(s)

Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD), Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR), Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP), Institute for Development Studies (IDS), Michigan State University (MSU), University of Cape Town (UCT)

Metadata

Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON

Study website

Created on

Jul 28, 2025

Last modified

Jul 28, 2025

Page views

111

q44d: how often: police use excessive force with criminals (q44d)

Data file: afr39-2021-2023-v1

Overview

Valid: 53444

Invalid: 0

Type: Discrete

Decimal: 0

Start: 473

End: 474

Width: 2

Range: -1 - 9

Format: Numeric

Questions and instructions

Categories

Value	Category	Cases
-1	missing	0	0%
1	never	5359	10%
2	rarely	7982	14.9%
3	sometimes	15201	28.4%
4	often	13472	25.2%
5	always	8849	16.6%
8	refused	52	0.1%
9	donâ€™t know	2529	4.7%

Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.

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