Identification
Survey ID Number
PHL_2006_CRSOP_v01_M
Title
Costs and Returns Survey of Onion Production 2006
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
Study type
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
Series Information
This is the third in the series of surveys on the costs and returns of onion production implemented by the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS). The survey was conducted in 2006 under the auspices of the Diversified Farm Income and Market Development Project (DFIMDP) of the Department of Agriculture (DA). The BAS forerunner, Bureau of Agricultural Economics (BAEcon), had also conducted Costs and Returns Surveys (CRS). The BAS ran its first CRS for onion in 1997 under the project "Strengthening of Benchmark Data for Priority Crops Under the Key Commercial Crops Development Program (KCCDP) with financial support from the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR). The survey covered the country's top three (3) onion producing provinces, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija. The second survey was implemented in 2002 under the project Ginintuang Masaganang Ani-High Value Commercial Crops Program (GMA-HVCCP) of the Department of Agriculture. Provinces surveyed were Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija.
Abstract
Information on onion farming will help provide directions to agricultural entrpreneurs and investors. It also serves the statistical requirements of onion growers and policy makers for planning and decision making regarding onion production and marketing.
The survey aimed to generate updated data on levels and structure of production costs and returns. Specifically, it was conducted to detemine the indicators of profitability such as gross and net returns, returns above cash costs, net profit - cost ratio, etc.; usage of materials and labor inputs; and other related socio-economic variables including information on new production technologies.
The survey aimed to generate updated data on levels and structure of production costs and returns. Specifically, it was conducted to detemine the indicators of profitability such as gross and net returns, returns above cash costs, net profit - cost ratio, etc.; usage of materials and labor inputs; and other related socio-economic variables including information on new production technologies.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Onion farmers and onion farms with harvests during the reference period as the units of analysis.
Version
Version Description
v01_M - Data edited at the Central Office, anonymized dataset for public distribution.
Version Date
2007-07
Scope
Notes
The survey focused on generating costs and returns structure of onion production.
The scope of the survey included the following:
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FARMERS/OPERATORS such as age, sex, main occupation, experience in onion production and highest educational attainment.
FARM CHARACTERISTICS such as total farm area, number of parcels operated by the farmer, area planted and harvested to onion and other crops, number of croppings per year, variety of onion planted, tenurial status, method of planting, month of planting and harvesting onion.
FARM INVESTMENTS such as inventory of farm investments used, year and cost of acquisition, repairs and improvement cost and estimated life and usage in the focus onion farm.
MATERIAL INPUTS such as quantity and cost of planting materials, fertilizers, mulching materials, insecticides, herbicides/weedicides, fungicides and other chemicals.
LABOR INPUTS such as labor utilization (in terms of mandays) and labor cost by type of farming activity, by source of labor and by sex and food cost incurred.
OTHER PRODUCTION COSTS such as cash and non-cash payments for land tax, land lease/rental, rental value of owned land, rentals of machine, animals and tools, fuel and oil, transport costs of inputs, irrigation fee, electricity, interest payment on crop loans, storage cost and other production costs.
PRODUCTION AND DISPOSITION such as volume of onion production and its disposition in terms of sold, harvesters' share, threshers' share, other laborers' share, landowners' share, lease rental, for home consumption, given away, used for seeds, wastage and other purposes.
BUYER INFORMATION such as major buyer of onion and the percentage of onion sold to each buyer and the perceived right price of onion.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED such as problems affecting production and marketing of onion.
ACCESS TO CREDIT such as amount and source of crop loan, interest rate per annum and percentage of loan used in onion production.
OTHER INFORMATION such as membership in onion-related association and benefits derived, access to extension services, future plans of onion farmers and their recommendations to improve onion industry.
The scope of the survey included the following:
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FARMERS/OPERATORS such as age, sex, main occupation, experience in onion production and highest educational attainment.
FARM CHARACTERISTICS such as total farm area, number of parcels operated by the farmer, area planted and harvested to onion and other crops, number of croppings per year, variety of onion planted, tenurial status, method of planting, month of planting and harvesting onion.
FARM INVESTMENTS such as inventory of farm investments used, year and cost of acquisition, repairs and improvement cost and estimated life and usage in the focus onion farm.
MATERIAL INPUTS such as quantity and cost of planting materials, fertilizers, mulching materials, insecticides, herbicides/weedicides, fungicides and other chemicals.
LABOR INPUTS such as labor utilization (in terms of mandays) and labor cost by type of farming activity, by source of labor and by sex and food cost incurred.
OTHER PRODUCTION COSTS such as cash and non-cash payments for land tax, land lease/rental, rental value of owned land, rentals of machine, animals and tools, fuel and oil, transport costs of inputs, irrigation fee, electricity, interest payment on crop loans, storage cost and other production costs.
PRODUCTION AND DISPOSITION such as volume of onion production and its disposition in terms of sold, harvesters' share, threshers' share, other laborers' share, landowners' share, lease rental, for home consumption, given away, used for seeds, wastage and other purposes.
BUYER INFORMATION such as major buyer of onion and the percentage of onion sold to each buyer and the perceived right price of onion.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED such as problems affecting production and marketing of onion.
ACCESS TO CREDIT such as amount and source of crop loan, interest rate per annum and percentage of loan used in onion production.
OTHER INFORMATION such as membership in onion-related association and benefits derived, access to extension services, future plans of onion farmers and their recommendations to improve onion industry.
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Food (production, crisis) | World Bank |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The survey covered the top three (3) onion producing provinces namely: Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija.
Geographic Unit
Province was the lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data.
Universe
The survey covered all onion farms with harvests during the last completed cropping in 2006 as the reference period.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | Department of Agriculture |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Department of Agriculture | DA | Funding Source |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| National Statistical Coordination Board | Survey clearance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The domain of the study was the province, with the last completed production cycle in 2006 as reference period. The lists of onion producing barangays by province prepared by the concerned BAS Provincial Operations Centers (POCs) served as the sampling frame for this study. The lists contained data on area devoted to onion production and number of onion farmers as of 2006. These data were obtained from the Municipal Agriculturist Offices, Agricultural Technicians, barangay officials and other key informants in the barangays and updated results of the Barangay Screening Survey (BSS).
A two-stage sampling design was employed with the barangay as the primary sampling unit and the onion farmer as the secondary and ultimate sampling unit. The barangays were drawn using systematic sampling from an ordered list of barangays with at least five onion farmers. Systematic sampling was used so that both large and small barangays in the province in terms of onion production would be represented in the sample. On the other hand, sample operators were identified using snowball approach during data collection. During the search for sample operators, a set of screening questions was applied to see to it that the samples satisfy the following criteria: 1) must be engaged in onion production, and 2) must have harvested onion in 2006
The total sample size was 100 onion growers per province and this was equally allocated to 20 sample barangays. The survey resulted in the following distribution of sample farmers by province.
Ilocos Norte
Multiplier and Shallot 95
Red Creole 5
Yellow Granex
Total Sample 100
Pangasinan
Multiplier and Shallot
Red Creole 97
Yellow Granex 3
Total Sample 100
Nueva Ecija
Multiplier and Shallot 7
Red Creole 89
Yellow Granex 4
Total Sample 100
TOTAL
Multiplier and Shallot 102
Red Creole 191
Yellow Granex 7
Total Sample 300
A two-stage sampling design was employed with the barangay as the primary sampling unit and the onion farmer as the secondary and ultimate sampling unit. The barangays were drawn using systematic sampling from an ordered list of barangays with at least five onion farmers. Systematic sampling was used so that both large and small barangays in the province in terms of onion production would be represented in the sample. On the other hand, sample operators were identified using snowball approach during data collection. During the search for sample operators, a set of screening questions was applied to see to it that the samples satisfy the following criteria: 1) must be engaged in onion production, and 2) must have harvested onion in 2006
The total sample size was 100 onion growers per province and this was equally allocated to 20 sample barangays. The survey resulted in the following distribution of sample farmers by province.
Ilocos Norte
Multiplier and Shallot 95
Red Creole 5
Yellow Granex
Total Sample 100
Pangasinan
Multiplier and Shallot
Red Creole 97
Yellow Granex 3
Total Sample 100
Nueva Ecija
Multiplier and Shallot 7
Red Creole 89
Yellow Granex 4
Total Sample 100
TOTAL
Multiplier and Shallot 102
Red Creole 191
Yellow Granex 7
Total Sample 300
Response Rate
Response rate of 100 percent
Weighting
Weighting is not applicable
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006-12-06 | 2006-12-18 |
Time periods
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2006-01-01 | 2006-12-31 | last completed cropping |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Close supervision of field enumerators was done by the POC regular staff during data collection. As immediate supervisors, they see to it that the survey operation ran smoothly and within the target schedule. Spot checking of the data collectors and back checking of their work were also part of the field supervision to ensure that errors or incompleteness committed in the survey operation were checked and corrected immediately.
The regular POC staff were also responsible for reviewing and edting the accomplished questionnaires. These were done to check the acceptability, consistency and completeness of the information recorded in the questionnaire.
The Provincial Agricultural Statistics Officers (PASOs) and Assistant Provincial Agricultural Statistics Officers (APASOs) acted as overall supervisors in the provinces. They also conducted spot checking and backchecking, review of completed and edited questionnaires before submitting to the Central Office. A report on field data collection was prepared and sent by the POC to the Central Office.
The Regional Agricultural Statistics Officers (RASOs) were responsible for the monitoring and supervision of the survey operations in all the provinces within the region. The Statistical Operations Coordination Division (SOCD) at the Central Office monitored and coordinated the field operations.
The regular POC staff were also responsible for reviewing and edting the accomplished questionnaires. These were done to check the acceptability, consistency and completeness of the information recorded in the questionnaire.
The Provincial Agricultural Statistics Officers (PASOs) and Assistant Provincial Agricultural Statistics Officers (APASOs) acted as overall supervisors in the provinces. They also conducted spot checking and backchecking, review of completed and edited questionnaires before submitting to the Central Office. A report on field data collection was prepared and sent by the POC to the Central Office.
The Regional Agricultural Statistics Officers (RASOs) were responsible for the monitoring and supervision of the survey operations in all the provinces within the region. The Statistical Operations Coordination Division (SOCD) at the Central Office monitored and coordinated the field operations.
Data Collection Notes
The questionnaire on CRS of onion production was pretested from October 10-12, 2006 in Nueva Ecija. Before the pre-test, a manual of operations was prepared together with the questionnaire. These were finalized after the pre-test. Prior to the field data collection, training was conducted to ensure that the concepts and procedures were correctly understood. The first level training was attended by selected BAS Central Office (CO) staff. They became trainors at the BAS- Provincial Operations Center (POC) participated by PASO, field staffs and hired data collectors. Part of the field training was the conduct of mock interview, dry-run exercises, discussion of problems and issues and editing procedures. The BAS CO Staff who served as the trainors supervised the initial data collection activity of the data collectors together with the POC staff. Upon return to the BAS Central Office, the BAS CO trainors prepared and submitted travel reports on the activities done in the field (province) as well as the issues/problems encountered and their recommendations.
The field data collection was undertaken by hired data collectors through personal interviews of the sample farmers who passed the requirements of the survey using the set of screening questions. The interview was conducted in the local dialect of the province. Before the data collection, courtesy call to the barangay officials was done to explain the nature and purpose of the survey and to seek permission for the conduct of such activity in the barangay.
Problems and issues encountered during field data collection were reported to the BAS CO Staff or management for their information and appropriate action. The POC also submitted to the Central Office a narrative report regarding the conduct of the survey.
The field data collection was undertaken by hired data collectors through personal interviews of the sample farmers who passed the requirements of the survey using the set of screening questions. The interview was conducted in the local dialect of the province. Before the data collection, courtesy call to the barangay officials was done to explain the nature and purpose of the survey and to seek permission for the conduct of such activity in the barangay.
Problems and issues encountered during field data collection were reported to the BAS CO Staff or management for their information and appropriate action. The POC also submitted to the Central Office a narrative report regarding the conduct of the survey.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | BAS | Department of Agriculture |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire was a structured questionnaire written in English. It was designed in tabular form and some in question type format. The data items/variables in the questionnaire were based on the previous questionnaires with some modifications and additions.
The questionnaire was pre-tested and reviewed before its implementation.
The questionnaire consisted of 12 pages covering 13 blocks as follows:
A. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION includes the location of the farm such as the name of the region, province, city/municipality and barangay.
B. SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION such as the name, age, sex, highest educational attainment, main occupation and farming experience of the sample farmer/operator in onion production and the name of the respondent.
C. FARM CHARACTERISTICS such as total farm area, number of parcels operated by the farmer, area planted and harvested to onion and other crops, number of croppings per year, variety of onion planted, tenurial status, month of planting and harvesting onion.
D. FARM INVESTMENTS such as inventory of farm investments used, year and cost of acquisition, repairs and improvement cost and estimated life and usage in the focus onion farm.
E. MATERIAL INPUTS contain the quantity and cost of planting materials, fertilizers, mulching materials, insecticides, herbicides/weedicides, fungicides and other chemicals.
F. LABOR INPUTS such as labor utilization (in terms of mandays) and labor cost by type of farming activity, by source of labor and by sex and food cost incurred.
G. OTHER PRODUCTION COSTS cover cash and non-cash payments for land tax, land lease/rental, rental value of owned land, rentals of machine, animals and tools and equipment, fuel and oil, transport costs of inputs, irrigation fee, electricity, interest payment on crop loans, storage cost and other production costs.
H. PRODUCTION AND DISPOSITION such as volume of onion production and its disposition in terms of sold, harvesters' share, threshers' share, other laborers' share, landowners' share, lease rental, for home consumption, given away, used for seeds, wastage and other purposes.
I. BUYER INFORMATION includes the major buyer of onion and the percentage of onion sold to each buyer and the perceived right price of onion.
J. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED such as problems affecting production and marketing of onion.
K. ACCESS TO CREDIT such as the amount and source of crop loan, interest rate per annum and percentage of loan used in onion production.
L. OTHER INFORMATION such as membership in onion-related association and benefits derived, access to extension services, future plans of onion farmers and their recommendations to improve onion production
M. INTERVIEW/SURVEY PARTICULARS contain the name and signature of data collector, field supervisor/editor and PASO and date accomplished.
The questionnaire is provided as External Resources
The questionnaire was pre-tested and reviewed before its implementation.
The questionnaire consisted of 12 pages covering 13 blocks as follows:
A. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION includes the location of the farm such as the name of the region, province, city/municipality and barangay.
B. SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION such as the name, age, sex, highest educational attainment, main occupation and farming experience of the sample farmer/operator in onion production and the name of the respondent.
C. FARM CHARACTERISTICS such as total farm area, number of parcels operated by the farmer, area planted and harvested to onion and other crops, number of croppings per year, variety of onion planted, tenurial status, month of planting and harvesting onion.
D. FARM INVESTMENTS such as inventory of farm investments used, year and cost of acquisition, repairs and improvement cost and estimated life and usage in the focus onion farm.
E. MATERIAL INPUTS contain the quantity and cost of planting materials, fertilizers, mulching materials, insecticides, herbicides/weedicides, fungicides and other chemicals.
F. LABOR INPUTS such as labor utilization (in terms of mandays) and labor cost by type of farming activity, by source of labor and by sex and food cost incurred.
G. OTHER PRODUCTION COSTS cover cash and non-cash payments for land tax, land lease/rental, rental value of owned land, rentals of machine, animals and tools and equipment, fuel and oil, transport costs of inputs, irrigation fee, electricity, interest payment on crop loans, storage cost and other production costs.
H. PRODUCTION AND DISPOSITION such as volume of onion production and its disposition in terms of sold, harvesters' share, threshers' share, other laborers' share, landowners' share, lease rental, for home consumption, given away, used for seeds, wastage and other purposes.
I. BUYER INFORMATION includes the major buyer of onion and the percentage of onion sold to each buyer and the perceived right price of onion.
J. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED such as problems affecting production and marketing of onion.
K. ACCESS TO CREDIT such as the amount and source of crop loan, interest rate per annum and percentage of loan used in onion production.
L. OTHER INFORMATION such as membership in onion-related association and benefits derived, access to extension services, future plans of onion farmers and their recommendations to improve onion production
M. INTERVIEW/SURVEY PARTICULARS contain the name and signature of data collector, field supervisor/editor and PASO and date accomplished.
The questionnaire is provided as External Resources
Data Processing
Data Editing
Manual editing was initially done at the Provincial Operations Center during and after data collection using the CRS editing guidelines prepared by the Central Office. The edited questionnaires were again checked at the Central Office. Coding and encoding were likewise done at the Central Office.
The document on Editing Guidelines is provided in the Technical Documents.
The document on Editing Guidelines is provided in the Technical Documents.
Other Processing
Data entry, processing and generation of data tables were done at the BAS Central Office using an MS Excel Application.
Data Appraisal
Data Appraisal
Series of reviews were done to assess the quality of the data in terms of reliability and acceptability. A comparison with the results of past surveys on input usage, labor utilization, production cost and return structure of onion was made.
Access policy
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | info@bas.gov.ph | http://beans.bas.gov.ph |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Chief, Agricultural Accounts and Statistical Indicators Division | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | aasid@bas.gov.ph |
| Chief, Information and Communications Technology Division | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics | ictd@bas.gov.ph |
Confidentiality
The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) strictly observes the confidentiality of data. As stated in the BAS' survey questionnaires and the forms relevant to the conduct of any statistical inquiry, data provided by the respondents shall be used solely for statistical purposes.
Access conditions
The datasets of this study are categorized under licensed files. Access to licensed datasets is through request and is only granted to Data Users/Researchers with a legally registered sponsoring agency (university, company, research centre, national or international organization, etc.).
The Data Users/Researchers must agree to comply with the following:
1. Fill up a Data Access Agreement that will be provided.
2. Copies of the restricted data or any data created on the basis of the original data will not be copied or made available to anyone other than those mentioned in this Data Access Agreement, unless formally authorized by the BAS.
3. The data will only be processed for the stated statistical purpose in the agreement and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. Data will not in any way be used for any administrative, proprietary or law enforcement purposes.
4. The dataset must not be made to match with other datasets.
5. The Data Users/Researchers shall not attempt to identify any individual person, family, business, enterprise or organization. If such a unique disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made as to the identity of any person or establishment discovered. The identification will not be revealed to any other person not included in the Data Access Agreement.
6. The Data Users/Researchers must observe security measures to prevent unauthorized access to licensed microdata acquired from the BAS. The microdata must be destroyed upon the completion of their research. Destruction of the microdata will be confirmed in writing by the Data Users/Researchers to the BAS.
7. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the BAS/BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services (BEANS) will cite the source of data in accordance with the citation requirement provided with the dataset.
8. If there are any changes or additional requirements in the orginal request, the Data User/Researcher must apply for another request.
9. Breaches of the Data Access Agreement will be taken seriously and the BAS will take action against those responsible for the lapses if wilful or accidental. Failure to comply with the directions of the BAS will be deemed to be a major breach of the agreement and may involve recourse to legal proceedings. The BAS will maintain and share with partner data archives a record of those individuals and organizations which are responsible for breaching the terms of the Data Access Agreement and will impose sanctions on release of future data to these parties.
The Data Users/Researchers must agree to comply with the following:
1. Fill up a Data Access Agreement that will be provided.
2. Copies of the restricted data or any data created on the basis of the original data will not be copied or made available to anyone other than those mentioned in this Data Access Agreement, unless formally authorized by the BAS.
3. The data will only be processed for the stated statistical purpose in the agreement and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. Data will not in any way be used for any administrative, proprietary or law enforcement purposes.
4. The dataset must not be made to match with other datasets.
5. The Data Users/Researchers shall not attempt to identify any individual person, family, business, enterprise or organization. If such a unique disclosure is made inadvertently, no use will be made as to the identity of any person or establishment discovered. The identification will not be revealed to any other person not included in the Data Access Agreement.
6. The Data Users/Researchers must observe security measures to prevent unauthorized access to licensed microdata acquired from the BAS. The microdata must be destroyed upon the completion of their research. Destruction of the microdata will be confirmed in writing by the Data Users/Researchers to the BAS.
7. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the BAS/BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services (BEANS) will cite the source of data in accordance with the citation requirement provided with the dataset.
8. If there are any changes or additional requirements in the orginal request, the Data User/Researcher must apply for another request.
9. Breaches of the Data Access Agreement will be taken seriously and the BAS will take action against those responsible for the lapses if wilful or accidental. Failure to comply with the directions of the BAS will be deemed to be a major breach of the agreement and may involve recourse to legal proceedings. The BAS will maintain and share with partner data archives a record of those individuals and organizations which are responsible for breaching the terms of the Data Access Agreement and will impose sanctions on release of future data to these parties.
Citation requirements
As specified in the agreement under access conditions, users are required to cite the source of data in accordance with the citation requirement provided with the dataset. The citation requirement for this study is as follows:
"Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Costs and Returns Survey of Onion Production, Version 3.0 of the licensed dataset 2006, provided by the BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services. http://beans.bas.gov.ph"
"Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Costs and Returns Survey of Onion Production, Version 3.0 of the licensed dataset 2006, provided by the BAS Electronic Archiving and Network Services. http://beans.bas.gov.ph"
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The data users/researchers acknowledge that the BAS and the agency funding the study bear no liabilities and responsibilities for any particular, indirect, or consequential damages or any damages, whatsoever resulting from loss of use, or of data in connection with the use or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
Copyright [2006] © Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, All rights reserved.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_PHL_2006_CRSOP_v01_M
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maria Carol Duran | CGD | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) | Documenter of the study |
| Ana M. Eusebio | AME | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) | Reviewer of the study |
| Maura S. Lizarondo | MSL | Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) | Reviewer of the study |
| Accelerated Data Program | ADP | International Household Survey Network | Editing for the IHSN Survey Catalog |
Date of Metadata Production
2010-04-27
DDI Document version
Version 01: Adopted from "DDI_PHL_2006_CRSOP_v2_M" DDI that was done by metadata producers mentioned in "Metadata Production" section.