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Demographic and Health Survey 1988

Zimbabwe, 1988 - 1989
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ZWE_1988_DHS_v01_M
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The data from this study are used in the following publications:
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1 Fertility trends and determinants in six African countries. Maryland, USA: Macro International, 1994.
2 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.
3 Population bulletin of the United Nations : Completing the fertility transition. New York, USA: United Nations Publications, 2009.
4 Third Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Geneva, Switzerland: ACC/SCN, 1997.
5 World population monitoring 2003: Population, education and development. New York, USA: UN, 2004.
6 Adetunji, Jacob. "Condom use in marital and nonmarital relationships in Zimbabwe." (2000) International Family Planning Perspectives.
7 Adetunji, Jacob. "Trends in under-5 mortality rates and the HIV/AIDS epidemic." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78, no. 10 (2000): 1200-1206.
8 Adetunji A, Jacob. "Infant mortality levels in Africa: Does method of estimation matter?." Genus 52, no. 3/4 (1996): 89-106.
9 Agyei-Mensah, Samuel. "Infant nutritional patterns and trends in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-1998." Research Review 15, no. 2 (1999): 1-18.
10 Ahmed, Saifuddin, and W. Henry Mosley. "Simultaneity in the use of maternal-child health care and contraceptives: Evidence from developing countries." Demography 39, no. 1 (2002): 75-93.
11 Ahonsi A, Babatunde. "Components of stably high fertility in three areas of West Africa." Social Science & Medicine 33, no. 7 (1991): 849-857.
12 Akachi, Yoko, and David Canning. "The height of women in Sub-Saharan Africa: The role of health, nutrition, and income in childhood." Annals of Human Biology 34, no. 4 (2007): 397-410.
13 Anderson G, Kermyt. "Life expectancy and the timing of life history events in developing countries." Human Nature 21, no. 2 (2010): 103-123.
14 Angeles, Gustavo, Jason Dietrich, David Guilkey, Dominic Mancini, Thomas Mroz, Amy Tsui, and Feng Y Zhang. A meta-analysis of the impact of family planning programs on fertility preferences, contraceptive method choice and fertility. Chapel Hill, USA: Carolina Population Center, 2001.
15 Araoye O, Margaret. "Epidemiology of infertility: social problems of the infertile couples." West African Journal of Medicine 22, no. 2 (2004): 190-196.
16 Arnold, Fred. "Sex preference and its demographic and health implications." (1992) International Family Planning Perspectives.
17 Baird, Sarah, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Aggregate income shocks and infant mortality in the developing world." (2007) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
18 Bakilana, Anne. "Age at sexual debut in South Africa." African Journal of AIDS Research 4, no. 1 (2005): 1-5.
19 Bateman, O. Massee, Shelley Smith, and Philip Roark. A comparison of the health effects of water supply and and sanitation in urban and rural areas of five African countries. Washington, DC, USA: Water and Sanitation for Health Project, USAid, 1993.
20 Benefo, Kofi D, and Vijayan K Pillai. "Determinants of women’s non-family work in Ghana and Zimbabwe." Canadian Studies in Population 30, no. 2 (2003): 389-406.
21 Bennell, Paul, Karin Hyde, and Nicola Swainson. "The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa." (2002) Sussex, Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.
22 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.
23 Bhalotra, Sonia, and Marcela Umana-Aponte. "Women. s Labour Supply and Household Insurance in Africa." (2012)
24 Bijlmakers, Leon A, Marty T Bassett, and David M Sanders. Socioeconomic Stress, Health and Child Nutritional Status in Zimbabwe at a Time of Economic Structural Adjustment: A Three Year Longitudinal Study. : Nordic Africa Institute, 1998.
25 Bitrán, Ricardo, and Ursula Giedion. "Waivers and exemptions for health services in developing countries." (2002)
26 Blanc, Ann K, and Shea O Rutstein. "The demographic transition in Southern Africa: Yet another look at the evidence from Botswana and Zimbabwe." Demography 31, no. 2 (1994): 209-215.
27 Blanc, Ann K, Amy O Tsui, Trevor N Croft, and Jamie L Trevitt. "Patterns and Trends in Adolescents' Contraceptive Use and Discontinuation in Developing Countries and Comparisons with Adult Women." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35, no. 2 (2009): 63-71.
28 Bledsoe, Caroline H, and Barney Cohen. Social dynamics of adolescent fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press, 1993.
29 Bloom, David, Elizabeth Cafiero, Mark McGovern, Klaus Prettner, Anderson Stanciole, Jonathan Weiss, Samuel Bakkila, and Larry Rosenberg. "The economic impact of non-communicable disease in China and India: Estimates, projections, and comparisons." (2013) IZA DP No. 7563.
30 Bloom, David, David Canning, Isabel Guenther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Mortality Expectations and Fertility Decisions." (2008) Harvar School of Public Heath, 140 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge, MA.
31 Bloom, David E, David Canning, Isabel Gunther, and Sebastian Linnemayr. "Social interactions and fertility in developing countries." (2008) Program on the Global Demography of Aging (PGDA) Working Series.
32 Boerma, J Ties, Shea O Rutstein, Anna E Sommerfelt, and George T Bicego. "Bottle use for infant feeding in developing countries: data from the Demographic and Health Surveys." Journal of tropical pediatrics 37, no. 3 (1991): 116-120.
33 Boerma, J. Ties, Conatance Nyamukapa, Mark Urassa, and Simon Gregson. "Understanding the uneven spread of HIV within Africa: Comparative study of biological, behavioral and contextual factors in rural populations in Tanzania and Zimbabwe." Population Association of America meetings. Atlanta, GA, 2002.
34 Boerma, J. Ties, and George Stroh. "Using survey data to assess neonatal tetanus mortality levels and trends in developing countries." Demography 30, no. 3 (1993): 459-475.
35 Boerma, J. T, and George T Bicego. "Preceding birth intervals and child survival: searching for pathways of influence." Studies in Family Planning 23, no. 4 (1992): 243-256.
36 Boerma, J. T, R. E Black, A. E Sommerfelt, S. O Rutstein, and G. T Bicego. "Accuracy and completeness of mothers' recall of diarrhoea occurrence in pre-school children in demographic and health surveys." International journal of epidemiology 20, no. 4 (1991): 1073-1080.
37 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." (2005) Policy Research Division Working Paper.
38 Bos, Eduard, Myt Vu, and Patience W Stephens. Sources of World Bank estimates of current mortality rates. : Population and Human Resources Dept., World Bank, 1992.
39 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.
40 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.
41 Buekens, P., A. Tsui, M. Kotelchuck, and J. Degraft-Johnson. "Tetanus immunization and prenatal care in developing countries." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 48, no. 1 (1995): 91-94.
42 Bulatao A, Rodolfo. Key indicators for family planning projects. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 1995.
43 Bulatao, Rodolfo A, Eduard Bos, Patience W Stephens, and My T Vu. Asia region population projections: 1989-90 Edition. : World Bank Publications, 1989.
44 Bulatao, Rodolfo A, Eduard Bos, Patience W Stephens, and My T Vu. Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMN) Region Population Projections. : World Bank Publications, 1989.
45 Bulatao, Rodolfo A, Eduard Bos, Patience W Stephens, and My T Vu. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Region Population Projections. : World Bank Publications, 1989.
46 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.
47 Caulfield, Laura E, Margaret E Bentley, and Saifudden Ahmed. "Is prolonged breastfeeding associated with malnutrition? Evidence from nineteen demographic and health surveys." International journal of epidemiology 25, no. 4 (1996): 693.
48 Chemhaka B, Garikayi. "Socio- economic differentials in fertility in Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2005." Master of philosophy in demography, University of Cape Town, 2009.
49 Chinere-Dan, Orieji. "In search of explanations for fertility and reproductive behaviour in Africa." (1993)
50 Ciganda, Daniel, Alain Gagnon, and Eric Tenkorang. "Child and young adult headed households in the context of the AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe, 1988-2006." PSC Discussion Papers Series 24, no. 4 (2010): 1.
51 Cleland, John, Nelson Onuoha, and Ian Timaeus. Fertility change in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of the evidence. 1994.
52 Cleland, John G, Robert P Ndugwa, and Eliya M Zulu. "Family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress or stagnation?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 2 (2010): 137-143.
53 Cobb, Laurel, Gerard Bowers, Nina Frankel, and Maria Mamlouk. Assessment of Advance Africa and the Catalyst Consortium. New York, USA: POPTECH, 2004.
54 Cohen, Barney. "Fertility levels, differentials, and trends." (1993) Demographic change in sub-Saharan Africa.
55 Cohen, Barney, Carole L Jolly, James N Gribble, Etienne van de Walle, Althea Hill, Ian A Timaeus, John O Oucho, William T Gould, Sharon S Russell, and Michael A Stoto. "Demographic change in Sub-Saharan Africa." (1993)
56 Cornia, Giovanni A, and Leonardo Menchini. "Health improvements and health inequality during the last 40 years." (2006) Research Paper No. 2006/10 .
57 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.
58 Cosminsky, Sheila, Marvellous Mhloyi, and Douglas Ewbank. "Child Feeding Practices in a Rural Area of Zimbabwe." Social Science & Medicine 36, no. 7 (1993): 937-947.
59 Cremin, I, P Mushati, T Hallett, Z Mupambireyi, C Nyamukapa, Garnett, and S Gregson. "Measuring trends in age at first sex and age at marriage in Manicaland, Zimbabwe." Sexually transmitted infections 85, no. Suppl 1 (2009): i34-i40.
60 Curtis, S.L., and E.G. Sutherland. "Measuring sexual behaviour in the era of HIV/AIDS: The experience of Demographic and Health Surveys and similar enquiries." Sexually Transmitted Infections 80, no. suppl 2 (2004): 22.
61 Defo K, Barthelemy. "From Death to Birth: Mortality Decline and Reproductive Change." (1998) Fertility Response to Infant and Child Mortality in Africa with Special Reference to Cameroon.
62 Deininger, Klaus, and Paul Mpuga. "Economic and welfare effects of the abolition of health user fees: evidence from Uganda." World Bank policy research working paper , no. 3276 (2004).
63 Delamonica, Enrique, Alberto Minujin, and Jama Gulaid. "Monitoring equity in immunization coverage." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, no. 5 (2005): 384-391.
64 Diagne, Abdoulaye. "Investing in people: Education and health." African Development Bank Seminar - African Economic Research Consortium. Tunis, Tunisia, November, 2006.
65 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.
66 Doskoch, Peter. "Contraceptive use is rising faster in Eastern than Western Africa." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 1 (2011): 49-50.
67 du Plessis, Gretchen. "HIV and fertility in South Africa: Some theoretical and methodological considerations." (2004) Fertility: The current South African Issues.
68 Edwards, S. "Fertility has fallen in Zimbabwe, reflecting rising contraceptive use and desire for smaller families." International Family Planning Perspectives 22, no. 1 (1996): 46-49.
69 Engle, Patrice L, Purnima Menon, James L Garrett, and Alison Slack. "Developing a research and action agenda for examining urbanization and caregiving: examples from Southern and Eastern Africa." (1997) Food Consumption and Nutrition Division Discussion Paper.
70 Ericksen, Karen, and Tracy Brunette. "Patterns and predictors of infertility among African women: A cross-national survey of twenty-seven nations." Social Science & Medicine 42, no. 2 (1996): 209-220.
71 Ewbank, Douglas C, and James N Gribble. Effects of health programs on child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC, USA: National Academies Press, 1993.
72 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.
73 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
74 Fjelde, Hanna, and Gudrun Ostby. "Economic inequality and non-state conflicts in Africa." APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper . Washington, DC, 2010.
75 Foote, Karen A, Ken Hill, and Linda G Martin. Demographic change in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington,D.C.: National Academies Press, 1993.
76 Foote, Karen A, Kenneth H Hill, and Linda G Martin. Population dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington DC, USA: National Academy Press, 1993.
77 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.
78 Freedman, Ronald, and Ann K Blanc. "Fertility transition: An update." International Family Planning Perspectives 18, no. 44 (1992): 44-72.
79 Friedman, Jed, and Norbert Schady. "How many more infants are likely to die In Africa as a result of the global financial crisis?." Research Working papers 1, no. 1 (2009): 1-18.
80 Gaffikin, L., A. Phiri, J. McGrath, A. Zinanga, and P. D Blumenthal. "Provider attitudes toward IUD provision in Zimbabwe: perception of HIV risk and training implications." Advances in contraception 14, no. 1 (1998): 27-39.
81 Gage-Brandon, Anastasia J, and Dominique Meekers. "Sex, contraception and childbearing before marriage in sub-Saharan Africa." International Family Planning Perspective 19, no. 1 (1993): 14-18.
82 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.
83 Garenne, Michel. "Age at marriage and modernisation in sub-Saharan Africa." Southern African Journal of Demography 9, no. 2 (2004): 59-79.
84 Garenne, Michel. Datation de la baisse de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne. 2001.
85 Garenne, Michel. "Migration, urbanisation and child health in Africa: a global perspective." Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective. Johannesburg, South Africa, June 4-7, 2003.
86 Garenne, Michel. "Poisson variations of the sex ratio at birth in African Demographic Surveys." Human Biology 80, no. 5 (2008): 473-482.
87 Garenne, Michel. "Sex differences in health indicators among children in African DHS surveys." (2003) Journal of Biosocial Science.
88 Garenne, Michel. "Sex ratios at birth in populations of Eastern and Southern Africa." (2004) Southern African Journal of Demography.
89 Garenne, Michel, and Julien Zwang. "Premarital fertility and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Reproductive Health 12, no. 2 (2008): 64-74.
90 Garenne, Michel, and Veronique Joseph. "The timing of the fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 30, no. 10 (2002): 1835-1843.
91 Garenne M, Michel. "Fertility changes in sub-Saharan Africa." (2008) DHS Comparative Reports.
92 Gendreau, Francis, Denis Kikhela, and Valérie Guérin. L'évaluation des politiques et programme de population: Journées scientifiques du Réseau démographie de l'UREF, Université des réseaux d'expression française, Bangui, 2-4 juin 1993. : John Libbey Eurotext, 1994.
93 Giroux, Sarah C, Parfait M Eloundou-Enyegue, and Daniel T Lichter. "Reproductive inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Differentials versus concentration." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 3 (2008): 187-198.
94 Go, Delfin, Denis Nikitin, Xiongjian Wang, and Heng-fu Zou. "Poverty and inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: Literature survey and empirical assessment." Annals of Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (2007): 251-304.
95 Goga E, Ameena. "Millennium development goals: achievements and prospects of meeting the targets in Africa." (2008) Reduction of Child Mortality.
96 Goodkind, Daniel. "Sex-selective abortion, reproductive rights, and the greater locus of gender discrimination in family formation: Cairo's unresolved questions." (1997) PSC Research Report Series.
97 Gourbin, Catherin. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) Infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa.
98 Gregson, Simon, Tom Zhuwau, Roy M Anderson, and Stephen K Chandiwana. "HIV and Fertility Change in Rural Zimbabwe." Health Transition Review 7, no. 2 (1997): 89-112.
99 Grigoriou, Christopher, and Patrick Guillaumont. "Child mortality reacts to relative prices." (2011) CERDI Etudes et Documents.
100 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
101 Gwebu D, Thando. "Intra-Rural Fertility Determinants in Zimbabwe: A Path Analysis." African Population Studies 21, no. 1 (2006): 71-91.
102 Hallett, T B, S Gregson, F Kurwa, G P Garnett, S Dube, G Chawira, P R Mason, and C A Nyamukapa. "Measuring and correcting biased child mortality statistics in countries with generalized epidemics of HIV infection." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 10 (2010): 761-768.
103 Hanson, Kara, and Peter A Berman. Non-government financing and provision of health services in Africa: A background paper. : Data for Decision Making Project, Dept. of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 1994.
104 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.
105 Hilber, Adriane M, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Christian Schindler, Lise Beck, Florence Sécula, Oran McKenzie, Sara Gari, Christina Stuckli, and Sonja Merten. Gender and immunisation. Basel, Switzerland: Swiss Centre for International Health, 2010.
106 Hill, Ken, and Ravai Marindo-Ranganai. Trends and Differentials in Fertility in Zimbabwe, 1980-94: Analysis of the 1988 and 1994 DHS Surveys. Calverton, USA: Macro International Incorporated, 1997.
107 Hill, Kenneth. XXIII. ICPD relevance of the MDGS: Targets and mechanisms for the reduction of child mortality. New York, USA: UN, 2005.
108 Hill, Kenneth, Carla AbouZahr, and Tessa Wardlaw. "Estimates of maternal mortality for 1995." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79, no. 3 (2001): 182-193.
109 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.
110 Jamison, Dean T, Richard G Feachem, Malegapuru W Makgoba, Eduard R Bos, Florence K Baingana, Karen J Hofman, and Khama O Rogo. Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: World Bank Publications, 2006.
111 Jhamba, Tapiwa. "Childhood Mortality Differentials in Zimbabwe: Evidence from Two Surveys." (1996) Genus.
112 Johnson, Kiersten, Noureddine Abderrahim, and Shea O Rutstein. "Changes in the direct and indirect determinants of fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2011) DHS Analytical Studies .
113 Kalipeni, Ezekiel. "The fertility transition in Africa." Geographical Review 85, no. 3 (1995): 286-300.
114 Kembo, Joshua. "Social and Economic Factors Influencing Under-Five Mortality in Zimbabwe During." Doctoral Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009.
115 Kembo, Joshua, and Jeroen K Van Ginneken. "Determinants of infant and child mortality in Zimbabwe: Results of multivariate hazard analysis." (2009) Demographic research ARTICLE 13.
116 Kojima, Hiroshi. "Effects of mass media on contraception and fertility." (1994) Chapter 7: Effects of mass media on contraception and fertility.
117 Kojima, Hiroshi. "Fertility in the Developng Countries : A Comparative Study of the Demographic and Health Surveys." (1994) 7. Effects of Mass Media on Contraception and Fertility.
118 Kosec, Katrina. "The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africa's Urban Water Supply." (2012)
119 Kosec, Katrina. The Child Health Implications of Privatizing the Urban Water Supply in Africa. : Standford University, 2011.
120 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.
121 Kudamatsu, Masayuki. "Has Democratization Reduced Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Micro Data." (2007) Stockholm University - Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES).
122 Larsen, Ulla. "Sterility in sub-Saharan Africa." Population Studies: A Journal of Demography 48, no. 3 (1994): 459-474.
123 Lauro, Don. "Abortion and contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: How women plan their families." African Journal of Reproductive Health 15, no. 1 (2011): 13-24.
124 Lele, Uma J, and Michael Martin. "Determinants of a demographic transition in predominantly rural countries." The Expert Group Meeting On Population Growth and Demographic Structure Organized by the United Nations . Paris, France, November 16-20, 1992.
125 Letamo, Gobopamang, and Halima N Letamo. "The Role of Proximate Determinants in Fertility Transition: A Comparative Study of Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe." (2001) Southern African Journal of Demography.
126 Lindquist, Katharine. Horizontal educational inequalities and civil conflict: The nexus of ethnicity, inequality, and violent conflict. : Carleton College, 2011.
127 Lloyd, Cynthia B, and Sonalde Desai. "Children's living arrangements in developing countries." Population Research and Policy Review 11, no. 3 (1992): 193-216.
128 Locoh, Therese. "Completing the fertility transition." (2009) Family structure and fertility trends in intermediate-fertility countries in West Africa.
129 Loewenson, Rene, and Campion Maxwebo. "Sources of Evidence on Dimensions of Human Development in Zimbabwe." (2008) Training and Research Support Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.
130 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).
131 Machiyama, Kazuyo, Richard Silverwood, Andy Sloggett, and John Cleland. "Recent fertility declines in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of country trends of fertility decline." 2010 Quetelet Seminar. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 24-26, 2010.
132 Madzingira, Nyasha. "Malnutrition in children under five in Zimbabwe: effect of socioeconomic factors and disease." Biodemography and Social Biology 42, no. 3-4 (1995): 239-246.
133 Marindo, Ravai, and Kenneth Hill. Zimbabwe Further Analysis. Calverton, USA: USAID, 1997.
134 Marindo, Ravai, Steve Pearson, and John B Casterline. "Condom Use and Abstinence Among Unmarried Young People in Zimbabwe: Which Strategy, Whose Agenda?." Policy Research Division , no. 170 (2003).
135 Mason, John B, Adam Bailes, Karen E Mason, Olivia Yambi, Urban Jonsson, Claudia Hudspeth, Peter Hailey, Andrea Kendle, Dominique Brunet, and Pierre Martel. "AIDS, drought, and child malnutrition in southern Africa." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 06 (2005): 551-563.
136 Mathers, Colin D, Christina Bernard, Kim M Iburg, Mie Inoue, Doris Ma Fat, Kenji Shibuya, Claudia Stein, Niels Tomijima, and Hongyi Xu. "Global burden of disease in 2002: data sources, methods and results." (2003) Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper.
137 McMurray, Christine. "Measuring excess risk of child mortality: an exploration of DHS I for Burundi, Uganda and Zimbabwe." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 1 (1997).
138 Meekers, Dominique, and Naomi Wekwete. Zimbabwe Further Analysis. 1997.
139 Mei, Zuguo, Laurence M Grummer-Strawn, and Paul W Stupp. "From death to birth: Mortality decline and reproductive change." (1998) Effect of a child's death on birth spacing: A cross-national analysis.
140 Menchini, Leonardo, and Giovanni Cornia. "The pace and distribution of health improvements during the last 40 years: some preliminary results." (2004) Centro Studi Luca D'Agliano Development Studies Working Papers.
141 Meslé, France, and Jacques Vallin. "La transition sanitaire. Progrès et résistances en Afrique." (2004) Médecine, Sciences.
142 Mhloyi, Marvellous, and Owen M Mapfumo. Zimbabwe: The Effect of Family Planning on Women's Participation in the Development Process. : Research Triangle Park, NC: Family Health International, 1998.
143 Moore, Sidney, and Trevor Croft. "Status Report on DHS Publications and Datasets." Population Index 56, no. summer (1990): 216-227.
144 Moultrie, Tom, Takudzwa Sayi, and Ian Timaeus. "Age and parity effects on birth intervals in the African fertility decline?." (2010) Population Studies.
145 Moultrie, Tom A, Takudzwa S Sayi, and Ian M Timaeus. "Birth intervals, postponement, and fertility decline in Africa: A new type of transition?." Population Studies 66, no. 3 (2012): 241-258.
146 Mturi J, Akim. "Fertility in Lesotho: What Do We Know?." (1998)
147 Muhwava, William. "The Onset of Fertility Transition in Zimbabwe: a Re-Analysis of Census and Survey Data Using Robust Demographic Techniques." (2002) African Population Studies.
148 Mukamuri, Muchanyara Cynthia. "Research Article 30 Years into the HIV Epidemic: Experiences by PLHIV in Zimbabwe and oppor-tunities for ending AIDS by 2030." Trends in HIV/AIDS 1, no. 1 (2016).
149 Munro T, Lauchlan. "Children after the Long Socio-economic Crisis in Zimbabwe: Situation Analysis and Policy Issues." (2012)
150 Musariri, Herbert. "The effect of HIV/AIDS on the own child-method of estimating child mortality: Lesotho and Zimbabwe." Master of Philosophy in Demography , University of Cape Town, 2011.
151 Ngom, Pierre, and Soukeynatou Fall. Fertility decline in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, 1980-2010. : African Population & Health Research Center, 2002.
152 Nwonwu, Francis. Millennium Development Goals: Achievements and prospects of meeting the targets in Africa. South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2008.
153 Nyangu, Nelson, and Kumbutso Dzekedzeke. "Fertility trends and determinants in six African countries." (1994) Fertility patterns and their determinants in Zambia: Findings from the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey.
154 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.
155 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." (2006) Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper.
156 Ostby, Gudrun. "In-migration, inequality and urban violence." Climate Change and Security Conference. Trondheim, Norway, June 21-24, 2010.
157 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.
158 Parr, Nicholas John. "An analysis of fertility differentials in Liberia and Ghana using multilevel models." PhD, University of Southampton, 1992.
159 Pelletier, David L, and Edward A Frongillo. "Changes in child survival are strongly associated with changes in malnutrition in developing countries." The Journal of nutrition 133, no. 1 (2003): 107.
160 Pitt, Mark. "Women's schooling, the selectivity of fertility, and child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa." (1995) Living Standards Measurement Study Working Paper.
161 Pomerai, K. W, G. Shambira, and R. F Mudyiradima. "Determinants of Postnatal Care Uptake in Bikita District, Zimbabwe." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 6, no. 2 (2012): 84-90.
162 Poyah, Glenrose. "Safe Sex Practice in the Context of HIV/AIDS: an Analysis of the 1988 and 1994 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys." Ph.D., Mahidol University, 2000.
163 Prata, Ndola, Amita Sreenivas, and Ben Bellows. "Potential of dual-use policies to meet family planning and HIV prevention needs: a case study of Zimbabwe and Mozambique." Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 34, no. 4 (2008): 219-226.
164 Rajaratnam, Julie K, Linda N Tran, Alan D Lopez, and Christopher J Murray. "Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods." PLoS medicine 7, no. 4 (2010): e1000.
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