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Enquête Démographique et de Santé 1992

Rwanda, 1992
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RWA_1992_DHS_v01_M
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Dec 20, 2012
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The data from this study are used in the following publications:
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1 United Nations. "Levels and trends of contraceptive use as assessed in 2002." 2006.
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17 Bankole, Akinrinola, Susheela Singh, and Taylor Haas. "Reasons why women have induced abortions: evidence from 27 countries." International Family Planning Perspectives 24, no. 3 (1998).
18 Bennell, Paul, Karin Hyde, and Nicola Swainson. "The impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa." (2002) Sussex, Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.
19 Bhagowalia, Priya, Susan Chen, and William Masters. "The distribution of child nutritional status across countries and over time." 2008 Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, 2008.
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28 Bongaarts, John. "The causes of stalling fertility transitions." (2005) Policy Research Division Working Paper.
29 Bongaarts, John. "The fertility impact of changes in the timing of childbearing in the developing world." Population Studies 53, no. 3 (1999): 277-289.
30 Bongaarts, John, and Zachary Zimmer. "Living arrangements of older adults in the developing world: An analysis of DHS household surveys." (2001) Population Council Policy and Research Division.
31 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Measurement and interpretations issues. World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.
32 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance." (2000) Washington, DC: The World Bank.
33 Bos, Eduard, and Amie Batson. "Using immunization coverage rates for monitoring health sector performance: Measurement and interpretation issues." (2000) World Bank HNP Discussion Papers.
34 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "There are children not receiving a single dose of any vaccine: from ‘data to policy’in immunisation and health systems. Data quality and socio-economic determinants of unvaccination in low-and middle-income countries." AMC-University van Amsterdam, 2012.
35 Bosch-Capblanch, Xavier, K Banerjee, and A Burton. "Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low-and middle-income countries." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 6 (2012): 697-710.
36 Brockerhoff, M, and P Hewett. "Inequality of child mortality among ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78, no. 1 (2000): 30-41.
37 Brockerhoff, Martin, and Ellen Brennan. "The poverty of cities in developing regions." Population and Development Review 24, no. 1 (1998): 75-114.
38 Brockerhoff, Martin, and Paul Hewett. "Ethnicity and child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa." (1998)
39 Brown, Jennifer, Roeland Monasch, George Bicego, Anthony Burton, and J. Ties Boerma. "An assessment of the quality of national child immunization coverage estimates in population-based surveys." (2002) MEASURE Evaluation Project.
40 Buekens, P., A. Tsui, M. Kotelchuck, and J. Degraft-Johnson. "Tetanus immunization and prenatal care in developing countries." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 48, no. 1 (1995): 91-94.
41 Bulatao A, Rodolfo. Key indicators for family planning projects. Washington DC, USA: World Bank Publications, 1995.
42 Camlin, Carol, and Ines Escandon. "Contraceptive sterilization: Global issues and trends." (2002) Chapter 2: Sterilization incidence and prevalence.
43 Chandrasekhar, S., Tesfayi Gebreselassie, and Anuja Jayaraman. "Maternal health care seeking behavior in a post-conflict HIPC: The case of Rwanda." Population Research and Policy Review 30, no. 1 (2011): 25-41.
44 Charbit, Yves, and Corinne Régnard. "Dynamiques démographiques et dimensions géographiques des populations africaines." Espace, populations, sociétés 17, no. 1 (1999): 13-27.
45 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) The Use of Demographic and Health Surveys to Monitor The Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women .
46 Cleland, John, and Mohamed Ali. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) Monitor the Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour of Single Women.
47 Cleland, John G, Robert P Ndugwa, and Eliya M Zulu. "Family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress or stagnation?." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 89, no. 2 (2010): 137-143.
48 Collumbien, Martine, Makeda Gerressu, and John Cleland. "Non-use and use of ineffective methods of contraception." (2004) Comparative Quantification of Health Risks.
49 Cornia, Giovanni A, and Leonardo Menchini. "Health improvements and health inequality during the last 40 years." (2006) Research Paper No. 2006/10 .
50 Corsi, Daniel, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn Finlay, and S V Subramanian. "Demographic and health surveys: a profile." International journal of epidemiology 41, no. 6 (2012): 1602-1613.
51 Dayaratna, Varuni, William Winfrey, William McGreevey, Karen Hardee, Janet Smith, Elizabeth Mumford, Jeffrey Sine, and Ruth Berg. Reproductive health interventions: Which ones work and what do they cost?. : The POLICY Project, 2000.
52 De Walque, Damien, and Philip Verwimp. "The demographic and socio-economic distribution of excess mortality during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda." Journal of African Economies 19, no. 2 (2010): 141-162.
53 DeRose, Laurie, F.N. Dodoo, Alex Ezeh, and Tom Owuor. "Does discussion of family planning improve knowledge of partner's attitude toward contraceptives?." International family planning perspectives 30, no. 2 (2004): 87-93.
54 Diallo B, Amadou. "Four essays on the links between poverty, inequality and heath with empircal application to developing countries: Africa compared to the rest of the world." Docteur ès Sciences Economiques, Université d’Auvergne, 2009.
55 Diallo, Amadou B, and Quentin Wodon. "Demographic transition towards smaller household sizes and basic infrastructure needs in developing countries." Economics Bulletin 15, no. 11 (2007): 1-11.
56 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth. "How young is “too young”? Comparative perspectives on adolescent sexual, marital, and reproductive transitions." Studies in Family Planning 39, no. 4 (2008): 247-262.
57 Doskoch, Peter. "Contraceptive use is rising faster in Eastern than Western Africa." International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37, no. 1 (2011): 49-50.
58 Drapcho, Bob, and Nancy Mock. "DHS and conflict in Africa: findings from a comparative study and recommendations for improving the utility of DHS as a survey vehicle in conflict settings." (2000) Measure/Evaluation Project.
59 Engle, Patrice L, Purnima Menon, James L Garrett, and Alison Slack. "Urbanization and caregiving: a framework for analysis and examples from southern and eastern Africa." Environment and Urbanization 9, no. 2 (1997): 253.
60 Ericksen, Karen, and Tracy Brunette. "Patterns and predictors of infertility among African women: A cross-national survey of twenty-seven nations." Social Science & Medicine 42, no. 2 (1996): 209-220.
61 Estache, Antonio. "What do we know about Sub-Saharan Africa’s infrastructure and the impact of its 1990s reforms?." (2005) Draft, June.
62 Evans, David. "The spillover impacts of Africa’s orphan crisis." (2005) Unpublished manuscript. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA.
63 Ezzati, Majid, Alan D Lopez, Anthonry Rodgers, and Christopher L Murray. Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2004.
64 Filmer, Deon. "Fever and its treatment among the more and less poor in sub-Saharan Africa." Health policy and planning 20, no. 6 (2005): 337-346.
65 Filmer, Deon. "The structure of social disparities in education: gender and wealth." (1999) The World Bank Development Research Group/ Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.
66 Filmer, Deon. "The Structure of Social Disparities in Enducation: Gender and Wealth." (2000)
67 Filmer, Deon, and Lant Pritchett. "The effect of household wealth on educational attainment: evidence from 35 countries." Population and Development Review 25, no. 1 (1999): 85-120.
68 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert Schady. "Development, modernization, and childbearing: the role of family sex composition." The World Bank Economic Review 23, no. 3 (2009): 371-3.
69 Filmer, Deon, Jed Friedman, and Norbert R Schady. "Development, modernization, and son preference in fertility decisions." (2008) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
70 Filmer, Deon, and Lant Pritchett. "The Effect of Household Wealth on Educational Attainment: Demographic and Health Survey Evidence." (1998) Policy Research Working Paper.
71 Fink, Gunther, Isabel Gunther, and Kenneth Hill. Water, sanitation and child health - Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys 1986-2007. 2010.
72 Finlay, Jocelyn E, Emre Ozaltin, and David Canning. "The association of maternal age with infant mortality, child anthropometric failure, diarrhoea and anaemia for first births: evidence from 55 low-and middle-income countries." BMJ Open 1, no. 2 (2011).
73 Forsberg, Birger C, Max G Petzold, Goran Tomson, and Peter Allebeck. "Diarrhoea case management in low-and middle-income countries: an unfinished agenda." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85, no. 1 (2007): 42-48.
74 Fotso, Jean-Christophe, Alex C Ezeh, Nyovani J Madise, and James Ciera. "Progress towards the child mortality millennium development goal in urban sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamics of population growth, immunization, and access to clean water." BMC Public Health 7, no. 1 (2007): 218.
75 Friedman, Jed, and Norbert Schady. "How many more infants are likely to die In Africa as a result of the global financial crisis?." Research Working papers 1, no. 1 (2009): 1-18.
76 Gage, Anastasia J, and Ann K Blanc. "Fertility and the Male Life Cycle in the Era of Fertility Decline." (2000) Men, Polygyny, and Fertility Over the Life-Course in Sub-Saharan Africa.
77 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Health Systems Performance Assessment: Debates, Methods And Empiricism." (2003) Measuring Total Health Inequality: Adding Individual Variations to Group Differences.
78 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "Measuring total health inequality: adding individual variation to group-level differences." International Journal for Equity in Health 1, no. 3 (2002).
79 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Effy Vayena. "Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind." PLoS medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): e31.
80 Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Gary King. "An individual-level approach to health inequality: child survival in 50 countries." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series.
81 Garenne, Michel. "Age at marriage and modernisation in sub-Saharan Africa." Southern African Journal of Demography 9, no. 2 (2004): 59-79.
82 Garenne, Michel. Datation de la baisse de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne. 2001.
83 Garenne, Michel. "Migration, urbanisation and child health in Africa: a global perspective." Conference on African Migration in Comparative Perspective. Johannesburg, South Africa, June 4-7, 2003.
84 Garenne, Michel. "Poisson variations of the sex ratio at birth in African Demographic Surveys." Human Biology 80, no. 5 (2008): 473-482.
85 Garenne, Michel. "Sex differences in health indicators among children in African DHS surveys." (2003) Journal of Biosocial Science.
86 Garenne, Michel. "Sex ratios at birth in populations of Eastern and Southern Africa." (2004) Southern African Journal of Demography.
87 Garenne, Michel, and Julien Zwang. "Premarital fertility and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Reproductive Health 12, no. 2 (2008): 64-74.
88 Garenne, Michel, and Sophie Hohmann. "Health and wealth in Uzbekistan in a comparative perspective." International Seminar on Vulnerable Populations: Definitions, Categories and Empirical Analysis . Paris, France, July 15-16, 2005.
89 Garenne, Michel, and Veronique Joseph. "The timing of the fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 30, no. 10 (2002): 1835-1843.
90 Garenne L, Michel. "Testing for fertility stalls in demographic and health surveys." Population Health Metrics 9, no. 59 (2011): 18.
91 Garenne M, Michel. "Fertility changes in sub-Saharan Africa." (2008) DHS Comparative Reports.
92 Goga E, Ameena. "Millennium development goals: achievements and prospects of meeting the targets in Africa." (2008) Reduction of Child Mortality.
93 Gordon, David, Michelle Irving, Shailen Nandy, and Peter Townsend. "Multidimensional measures of child poverty." (2005) Townsend Centre for International Poverty Research Draft Conference Paper.
94 Gourbin, Catherin. "Santé de la reproduction au Nord et au Sud." (2009) Infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa.
95 Grassly, Nicholas C, and Ian M Timaeus. "Methods to estimate the number of orphans as a result of AIDS and other causes in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes JAIDS 39, no. 3 (2005): 365-375.
96 Grosse, Scott, Katherine Krasovec, Serge Rwamasirabo, and Jean Bosco Sibomana. Evaluating trends in children's nutritional status in Rwanda. : Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural Economics, 1995.
97 Gunther, Isabel, and Gunther Fink. "Water, sanitation and children's health: evidence from 172 DHS surveys." (2010) World Bank Policy Research Working Paper.
98 Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hilary Bracken. "Married adolescents: an overview." WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents. Geneva, December, 2003.
99 Harttgen, Kenneth, Stephan Klasen, and Sebastian Vollmer. "An African growth miracle? Or: what do asset indices tell us about trends in economic performance?." (2011) International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.
100 Heaton, Tim B, Renata Forste, John P Hoffmann, and Dallan Flake. "Cross-national variation in family influences on child health." Social science & medicine 60, no. 1 (2005): 97-108.
101 Hewett, Paul C, and Mark R Montgomery. "Poverty and public services in developing-country cities." (2001) Policy Research Division Working Paper.
102 Hilber, Adriane M, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Christian Schindler, Lise Beck, Florence Sécula, Oran McKenzie, Sara Gari, Christina Stuckli, and Sonja Merten. Gender and immunisation. Basel, Switzerland: Swiss Centre for International Health, 2010.
103 Hill, Kenneth, and Yoonjoung Choi. "Neonatal mortality in the developing world." Demographic Research 14, no. 18 (2006): 429-452.
104 Hohmann, Sophie, and Michel Garenne. "Health and wealth in Uzbekistan and sub-Saharan Africa in comparative perspective." Economics & Human Biology 8, no. 3 (2010): 346 -360.
105 Hopstock, Paul, Ann Sherpick, and Carla Briceno. Providers and consumers of commercial family planning services in developing countries. Arlington, USA: The PROFIT Project, 1997.
106 Huffman, Sandra, Elizabeth Zehner, Philip Harvey, Luan Martin, Ellen Piwoz, Kindal Ndure, Cheryl Combest, Robert Mwadime, and Victoria Quinn. Essential health sector actions to improve Maternal Nutrition in Africa. Washington, DC: Regional Centre for Quality of Healthcare, Makerere University and LINKAGES, 2001.
107 Hussein A, Shereen. "An exploration of nuptiality patterns in Egypt and the Maghreb countries." University of London, 2002.
108 Jamison, Dean T, Richard G Feachem, Malegapuru W Makgoba, Eduard R Bos, Florence K Baingana, Karen J Hofman, and Khama O Rogo. Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Washington: World Bank Publications, 2006.
109 Johnson, Kiersten, Noureddine Abderrahim, and Shea O Rutstein. "Changes in the direct and indirect determinants of fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa." (2011) DHS Analytical Studies .
110 Johnston, Heidi B, and Kenneth H Hill. "Induced abortion in the developing world: indirect estimates." International Family Planning Perspectives 22, no. 3 (1996): 108-137.
111 Kayirangwa, E., J. Hanson, L. Munyakazi, and A. Kabeja. "Current trends in Rwanda’s HIV/AIDS epidemic." Sexually transmitted infections 82, no. suppl 1 (2006): i27-i31.
112 Kishor, Sunita, and Katherine Neitzel. "Women and Families: Evolution of the Status of Women as o Factor ond Consequences of Changes in Fomily Dynamics." (1997) 20. Examining women’s status using core demographic and health survey data.
113 Kosec, Katrina. "The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africa's Urban Water Supply." (2012)
114 Kosec, Katrina. The Child Health Implications of Privatizing the Urban Water Supply in Africa. : Standford University, 2011.
115 Kravdal, Øystein. "Education and fertility in sub-Saharan Africa: Individual and community effects." Demography 39, no. 2 (2002): 233-250.
116 Kravdal, Øystein. The importance of education for fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa is substantially underestimated when community effects are ignored. Oslo, Norway: Department of Economics University of Oslo, 2001.
117 Kreider, Amanda, David Shapiro, Catherine Varner, and Malika Sinha. Socioeconomic progress and fertility transition in the developing world: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys*. University Park, USA: Pennsylvania State University , 2009.
118 Kudamatsu, Masayuki. "Has Democratization Reduced Infant Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Micro Data." (2007) Stockholm University - Institute for International Economic Studies (IIES).
119 Kurosaki, Takashi, and Mika Ueyama. "Micro household surveys and development microeconomics: With special emphasis on child health and intrahousehold resource allocation in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia." JIRCAS International Workshop. Tsukuba, Japan, July 12-13, 2001.
120 La Mattina, Giulia. "When all the good men are gone: Sex ratio and domestic violence in post-genocide Rwanda." (2012)
121 Larsen, Ulla. "Primary and secondary infertility in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Epidemiology 29, no. 2 (2000): 285-291.
122 Lauro, Don. "Abortion and contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: How women plan their families." African Journal of Reproductive Health 15, no. 1 (2011): 13-24.
123 LeGrand, Thomas K, and Magali Barbieri. "The possible effects of child survival on women's ages at first union and childbirth in sub-Saharan Africa." European Journal of Population 18, no. 4 (2002): 361-386.
124 Lesthaeghe, R, and C Vanderhoeft. "Ready, willing and able: A conceptualization of transitions to new behavioral forms." (2001) DIFFUSION PROCESSES FERTILITY TRANSITION.
125 Lindquist, Katharine. Horizontal educational inequalities and civil conflict: The nexus of ethnicity, inequality, and violent conflict. : Carleton College, 2011.
126 Lloyd, Cynthia B, Carol E Kaufman, and Paul Hewett. "The Spread of Primary Schooling in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Fertility Change." Population and Development Review 26, no. 3 (2000): 483-515.
127 Locoh, Therese. "Completing the fertility transition." (2009) Family structure and fertility trends in intermediate-fertility countries in West Africa.
128 Lopez, Alan D, Joshua Salomon, Omar Ahmad, Christopher J Murray, and Doris Mafat. "Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results." (2001) GPE Discussion Paper Series (WHO).
129 Lou, A D. "Reproductive health and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Problems and prospects." (1999) Population: An English Selection.
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131 Machiyama, Kazuyo. "A re-examination of recent fertility declines in sub-Saharan Africa." (2010) DHS Working Papers.
132 Machiyama, Kazuyo, Richard Silverwood, Andy Sloggett, and John Cleland. "Recent fertility declines in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of country trends of fertility decline." 2010 Quetelet Seminar. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, November 24-26, 2010.
133 Magadi, Monica, Eliya Zulu, and Martin Brockerhoff. "The inequality of maternal health in urban sub-Saharan Africa." (2003) Social Statistics Research Centre, University of Southampton: Applications and Policy Working Paper.
134 Marcotullio, Peter J, and Gordon McGranahan. Scaling urban environmental challenges: From local to global and back. : Earthscan/James \& James, 2007.
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142 Montgomery, Mark R, and Paul C Hewett. "Urban poverty and health in developing countries: Household and neighborhood effects." Demography 42, no. 3 (2005): 397-425.
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150 Nwonwu, Francis. Millennium Development Goals: Achievements and prospects of meeting the targets in Africa. South Africa: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2008.
151 Ostby, Gudrun. "Dissaggregated inequalities and conflict in developing countries." Polarization and Conflict (PAC) Winter Meeting. Konstanz, Germany, June 2-5, 2005.
152 Ostby, Gudrun. Do horizontal inequalities matter for civil conflict?. Oslo, Norway : International Peace Research Institute, 2004.
153 Ostby, Gudrun. "Horizontal inequalities, political environment and civil conflict: evidence from 55 developing countries." (2006) Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE). Working Paper.
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155 Ostby, Gudrun. "Inequality, institutions, and instability: Horizontal inequalities, political institutions, and civil conflict in developing countries 1986–2003." 1 st PIDDCP (Political Institutions, Development and a Domestic Civil Peace) Workshop. Oxford, UK, November 10-12, 2005.
156 Parlow, Anton. "Households in conflict: A micro view on the effects of conflicts." (2010) (unpublished draft).
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