| Author(s) |
Central Statistical Office |
| Date |
2005-12-01 |
| Country |
Zambia |
| Language |
English |
| Publisher(s) |
Living Conditions Monitoring Branch, Central Statistical Office, Lusaka Zambia |
| Description |
The Living Conditions Monitoring survey Report 2004 highlights some key aspects of the living conditions of the Zambian population. Therefore, the results presented in this report are by no means exhaustive on any topic covered but only attempt to highlight salient aspects of living standards among various population subgroups at national, provincial and location level. A separate report on poverty is been compiled alongside this main report. Additional tabulations and analyses not included in this report can be provided to users on request. Also obtainable on demand are the LCMSIV data sets for those who wish to do further analysis. |
| Table of contents |
Foreword ii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xiv
List of Abbreviations xvii
Executive Summary xviii
Chapter 1: Overview On Zambia
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Land and the People 1
1.3 Politics and Administration 1
1.4 Developments in the Zambian Economy 1
1.5 Developments in the Social Sector 2
Chapter 2: Survey Background and Design Methodology
2.1 .Survey Background 3
2.2 Objectives of the LCMSIV (IMS) Survey 3
2.3. Sample Design and Coverage 4
2.3.1 Sample Stratification and Allocation 4
2.3.2 Sample Selection 4
2.3.3 Selection of Standard Enumeration Areas (SEAs) 4
2.3.4 Selection of Households 5
2.4. Data Collection 5
2.5. Estimation Procedure 5
2.5.1 Sample weights 5
2.6. Data Processing and Analysis 6
Chapter 3: General Concepts and Definitions
1.0. Introduction 7
1.1. Genera Concepts and Definition 7
Chapter 4: Demographic Characteristics Of The Population
4.1. Introduction 10
4.2. Population Size and Distribution 10
4.3. Marital Status 15
4.4. Orphan hood 16
4.5. Death in the Household 17
4.6. Summary 19
Chapter 5: Migration
5.1 Introduction 20
5.2 Individual Migration 20
5.2.1 Levels of Migration 20
5.2.2 Direction of Individual Migration 23
5.2.3 Reasons for Migrating 25
5.3. Household Migration 26
5.3.1 Household Migration Levels 26
5.3.2 Direction of Household Migration 27
5.4 Summary 28
Chapter 6: Education
6.1. Introduction 29
6.2. School Attendance 29
6.3. Gross Attendance Rates 31
6.4. Net Attendance Rate 33
6.5. Type of School Attending 36
6.6. Level of Education of the Population 36
6.7. Changes in Education Indicators 38
6.8. Summary 40
Chapter 7: Health
7.1. Introduction 41
7.2. Prevalence of Illness or Injury 41
7.3. Common Symptoms 43
7.4. Health Consultation 46
7.4.1. Medical Institution visited 48
7.4.2. Personnel Consulted 49
7.4.3. Mode of Payment for Consultation 50
7.4.4. Average amount paid for Consultation/Medication 51
7.5 Summary 51
Chapter 8: Economic Activities Of The Population
8.1. Introduction 52
8.2. Concepts and Definitions 52
8.2.1. The Economically Active Population (or Labor Force) 52
8.2.2. Labor Force Participation Rate 52
8.2.3. The Employed Population 52
8.2.4. Employment Status 53
8.2.5. Unemployed Population 53
8.2.6. Unemployment Rate 53
8.2.7. Inactive Population 53
8.3. Economic Activity Status 54
8.3.1 Labor Force Participation Rates 55
8.3.2 Unemployment Rates 58
8.4 Employment Status, Industry and Occupation of Employed Persons 60
8.4.1 Distribution of Employed Persons by Industry 60
8.4.2 Distribution of the Employed Persons by Occupation 62
8.4.3 Distribution of the Employed Persons by Employment Status 63
8.5. Informal Sector Employment 63
8.6 Secondary Jobs 67
8.7 Reason for Changing Jobs 69
8.8 Income Generating Activities among Persons Presently Unemployed or Inactive 70
8.9 Summary 71
Chapter 9: Household Food Production
9.1. Introduction 73
9.2. The Extent of Agricultural Production 73
9.2.1 Agricultural Households 73
9.2.2 Food Crop Growing Agricultural Households 74
9.2.3 Other Staple Food 75
9.2.4 Other Food Crops 76
9.3. Ownership of Livestock 77
9.4. Ownership of Poultry 79
9.5. Trends 81
9.6. Summary 82
Chapter 10: Household Income And Assets
10.1. Introduction 83
10.2 Concepts and Definitions 84
10.3 Distribution of Income 85
10.3.1 Income Distribution by Geographical Location 86
10.3.2 Income Distribution by Age and Sex 87
10.3.3 Income Distribution by Highest Level of Education Attained by Household Head 87
10.3.4 Income Distribution by Poverty Status of Household 88
10.4 Per Capita Income 88
10.5 Income Inequality 89
10.6 Share of Household Income by Source of Income 90
10.7 Income Distribution 1996-2004 91
10.8 Ownership of Household Assets 92
10.9. Summary 96
Chapter 11: Household Expenditure
11.1. Introduction 97
11.2. Concepts and Definition 97
11.3. Average Household Monthly Expenditure and per Capita Expenditure 98
11.4. Percentage Share of Household Expenditure to Food and Non-Food 100
11.5. Percentage Expenditure Share to Food 101
11.6. Percentage share of Total Expenditure to own Produce Food 104
11.7. Percentage Expenditure Share to Non Food 106
11.8. Summary 108
Chapter 12: Poverty Analysis
12.1 Introduction 110
12.2 Comparability of Living Conditions Monitoring Survey Series 110
12.3 Concepts and Definition Used in Poverty Analysis 111
12.4 Poverty Lines in Zambia 111
12.4.1 Extremely Poor 112
12.4.2 Moderately Poor 112
12.4.3 Non Poor 112
12.5 Poverty Measures1 112
12.5.1 Concept of Adult Equivalent 113
12.6 Incidence of Poverty in Provinces Urban and Rural Areas 113
12.6.1 Incidence of Poverty in Strata 114
12.7 Poverty and Characteristics of Household Head 114
12.7.1 Poverty and Sex 114
12.7.2 Poverty and Age 114
12.7.3 Poverty and Education 115
12.7.4 Poverty and Household Size 115
12.8 Intensity and Severity of Poverty 115
12.9 Contribution to Total Poverty 115
12.9.1 Intensity of Poverty 116
12.10 Poverty Trends 117
12.10.1 Trends in Incidence of Extreme Poverty 118
12.11 Percentage Change in Incidence of Poverty between 1998 and 2004 118
12.9 Summary 119
Chapter 13: Self Assessed Poverty And Coping Strategies
13.1 Introduction 120
13.2 Self Assessed Poverty 120
13.3 Trends Analysis 121
13.4 Reasons for Household Poverty 122
13.5 Trends Analysis 122
13.6 Household Welfare Comparisons 123
13.7 Average Number of Meals in a Day 124
13.8 Household Coping Strategies 125
13.9 Trends Analysis 126
13.10 Summary 127
Chapter 14: Housing Characteristics, Household Amenities and Access to Facilities
14.1 Introduction 128
14.2 Housing Characteristics 128
14.2.1. Type of Dwelling 128
14.2.2. Tenancy Status of Dwelling 129
14.3 Household Amenities 130
14.3.1 Source of Drinking Water during the Wet Season 130
14.3.2. Sources of Drinking Water during the Dry Season 131
14.3.3. Treatment/Boiling of Drinking Water during the Wet and Dry Season 133
14.3.4. Sources of Lighting Energy 134
14.3.5. Sources of Cooking Energy 136
14.3.6 Garbage Disposal 138
14.3.7 Toilet facilities 139
14.3.8 Access to Facilities 141
14.6 Summary 142
Chapter 15: Child Health And Nutrition
15.1 Introduction 144
15.2 Child Feeding Practices 144
15.2.1. Breast Feeding and Supplements 144
15.2.2. Frequency of Feeding on Solid Foods 146
15.2.3. National Trends in the Frequency of Feeding on Solids 147
15.3 Immunization 148
15.4 Child Nutritional Status 149
15.5 Provincial Trends in the Distribution of Malnutrition - Stunting 150
15.6 National Trends in the Distribution of Malnutrition - Stunting Under-Nutrition and Wasting 151
15.7 Summary 153
Chapter 16: Community Developmental Issues
16.1 Introduction 154
16.2 Social and Economic Projects Desired by Households 154
16.3 Projects or Change that have taken Place in the last Five Years 155
16.4 Extent to which Projects or Change have helped the Communities 156
16.5 Households' Participation in the Various Projects Undertaken in the Communities 157
16.6 Organizations that Financed the Various Projects or Changes that have taken place in the Communities 158
16.7 Summary 159
References 160
List of Personnel who took part on the Living Conditions Monitoring Survey 161
Household Questionnaire 172 |
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