National Sample Survey 1988-1989 (44th round) - Schedule 29.2 - Economic Activities of the Tribals
India, 1988 - 1989
Identification
IND_1988_NSS44-SCH29.2_v01_M
National Sample Survey 1988-1989 (44th round) - Schedule 29.2 - Economic Activities of the Tribals
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| India | IND |
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
The survey period of forty-fourth round was July 1988 to June 1989. The object of the enquiry in the present round is to throw light on as many aspects as possible of the tribal population of this country. This relates to aspects of their “level of the living” including demographic and activity particulars, family expenditure etc. as well as to their entrepreneurial activities.
For the purpose of this enquiry, “tribal population” mean the members of the Scheduled Tribes declared under the Article 342 of the Constitution of India. At present they form one of the economically weakest sections of the society. So far there has not been any systematic study of their living conditions covering the whole country. Whatever data are available are derived from the decennial censuses, apart from some micro studies carried out by social anthropologists. In the NSS the tribal population has always been covered as part of the general population. In NSS 32nd and 33rd rounds special surveys had been carried out through an integrated schedule (schedule 16.4) in the North-Eastern region. The survey was conducted in the rural areas of the following States:- 32nd round : Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (N. Cachar and Karbi Anglong districts only), Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura; 33rd round : In addition to the above States, Mizoram also. Even though this covered many aspects specially related to the life of the people of this region (who are mostly tribals), no such survey has so far been undertaken about the life of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan. It is the object of the enquiry on the living condition of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan.)
The objective of the survey on housing condition is to collect data on the living accommodation available to the households including aspects relating to their immediate environment. Prior to this a detailed enquiry on housing condition with a separate schedule was carried out in NSS 28th round. Some data on housing condition had been however collected in the consumer expenditure schedule canvassed in 32nd, 38th and 43rd rounds.
The objective of the survey on current construction activity is to collect data on expenditure on building construction (new buildings as well as additions, alterations and improvements) and the source of the finance for the same. The scope of the enquiry is confined mainly to building constructions in the household sector. Constructions undertaken by housing cooperative societies and other non-household institutions such as clubs have also been covered. However, constructions by government, public sector undertakings and the private corporate sector are outside the scope of the enquiry.
Because of the importance of the tribal enquiry in this round, it has been decided to extend the enquiry to the rural areas of Nagaland also which has so far been outside the coverage NSS.
The 44th round started from July 1988. The survey period of this round was July 1988 to June 1989. This round has been devoted to mainly three enquiries. First and foremost, there has been an enquiry on the living condition of the tribal population. Of the other two, one is concerned with the housing condition of the general population and the other is a survey on current building construction activity. For the purpose of this enquiry, “tribal population” mean the members of the Scheduled Tribes declared under the Article 342 of the Constitution of India. They are known to be the descendants of the earliest inhabitants of India (hence called “Adivasis”). At present, in most parts of India, they form one of the economically weakest sections of the society. So far there has not been any systematic study of their living conditions covering the whole country. Whatever data are available are derived from the decennial censuses, apart from some micro studies carried out by social anthropologists. In the NSS the tribal population has always been covered as part of the general population. In NSS 32nd and 33rd rounds special surveys had been carried out through an integrated schedule (schedule 16.4) in the North-Eastern region. The survey was conducted in the rural areas of the following States:- 32nd round : Arunachal Pradesh, Assam (N. Cachar and Karbi Anglong districts only), Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura; 33rd round: In addition to the above States, Mizoram also. Even though this covered many aspects specially related to the life of the people of this region (who are mostly tribals), no such survey has so far been undertaken about the life of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan. The scope of the enquiry is to understand the living condition of the tribals living in the main tribal belt stretching from West Bengal through Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat and Rajasthan.) The object of the enquiry in the this round is to throw light on as many aspects as possible of the tribal population of this country. This relates to aspects of their “level of the living” including demographic and activity particulars, family expenditure etc. as well as to their entrepreneurial activities.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household
Version
V1.0; Re-organised anonymised dataset for public distribution.
2012-06-03
Scope
NSS Round 44 Schedule 29.2 has been designed to collect information on enterprise accounts, economic activity, land particulars and other related aspects of the tribal households. The major items include in this schedule are ownership particulars of land, alienation of land during last five years, input and output of the enterprises run by the household, materials collected from the forest, inventory of assets owned and indebtedness of the household. The schedule consists of 17 blocks as enumerated below:
Block 1: identification of sample household
Block 2: particulars of field operations
Block 3: remarks by investigator
Block 4: remarks by supervisory officer (s)
Block 5: household characteristics
Block 6: demographic particulars of household members
Block 7: particulars of assistance received by the household during last 3 years
Block 8: particulars of land owned and possessed
Block 9: particulars of disposal of land during last 5 years
Block 10: information on input items for cultivation during 1987-88
Block 11: particulars of crops produced during 1987-88
Block 12: particulars of wage employment in forest and forestry operation
Block 13: particulars of forest produce collected, consumed at home and sold by household members during last 30 days as self-employed
Block 14: particulars of household enterprise (other than cultivation) during last 30 days
Block 15: particulars of products (other than forest products) marketed during last 30 days
Block 16 : inventory of assets owned on the date of survey
Block 17 : cash dues and grain & other commodity dues payable by the household as on the date of survey and particulars of transaction of loans during last 365 days
Coverage
The survey covered the whole of Indian Union except Ladakh and Kargil districts of Jammu and Kashmir state. The rural areas of Nagaland, so far outside NSS coverage up to the 43rd round, have also been brought in this round.
The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| National Sample Survey Office | M/o Statistics and Programme Implementation(MOSPI),Government of India (GOI) |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Survey Design Reearch Division | National Sample Survey Office | Questionnaire Desgn, Sampling methodology,Survey Reports Questionnaire Desgn, Sampling methodology,Survey Reports Questionnaire Design, Sampling methodology, Survey Reports |
| Field Operations Division | National Sample Survey Office | Field Work |
| Data Processing Division | National Sample Survey Office | Data Processing |
| Computer Centre | M/o Statistics and Programme Implementation(MOSPI),Government of India (GOI) | Tabulation and Dissemination |
| Name |
|---|
| M/o Statistics & Programme Implementation, GOI |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Governing council and Working Group | GOI | Finalisation of survey study |
Sampling
The sample design is stratified two-stage with the census village as the first stage unit in the rural sector and UFS block as the first stage unit in the urban sector. The second stage units are households.
The sample design in the rural sector has been decided with a view to providing good estimates for the tribal enquiry. Except in the north-eastern region, the tribal population is concentrated in some districts within the states having considerable tribal population and even in those districts they are found to be unevenly distributed geographically. Therefore special stratification and selection procedures have been adopted not only to net sufficient number of tribal households in the sample but also to improve the design in general for the tribal enquiry.
While the rural design is oriented towards the tribal enquiry, the urban design is oriented towards the enquiry on construction. As building construction activity is found to be concentrated in some areas in the urban sector, attempts have been made in urban design to demarcate such areas in larger towns as separate strata. Detailed description of the rural and urban sample designs are as follows:
SAMPLE DESIGN : RURAL
Sampling frame of villages:
The list of 1981 census villages constitute the sampling frame for selection of villages in most districts. However in Assam (where '81 census was not done) and a few districts of some other states (where the available lists of villages were not satisfactory), 1971 census village lists have been used as frame.
Stratification :
In Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa, Daman & Diu and Pondicherry where there are practically no tribal population, the strata used in NSS 43rd round were retained. In Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Lakshadweep also the strata of 43rd round were retained because of the high percentage of ST population in these States/U.T.'s. (The strata of 43rd round have been retained in the case of Sikkim as the distribution of tribal population is more or less uniform over all the districts). In the remaining states fresh stratification was carried out as described below.
In these states all districts accounting for the bulk of the state's tribal population were selected for formation of strata with concentration of tribal population. Besides these districts, tribal concentration strata have been demarcated also in some other districts with relatively small tribal population in order to ensure coverage of as many different ethnic groups as possible.
Within each district so identified for formation of tribal concentration strata, the tehsils with relatively high concentration of tribal population, together constituted one stratum. These tehsils were selected in such a way that together they accounted for the bulk (70% or more) of the district tribal population and the proportion of tribal to total population in this stratum was significantly greater than that of the district as a whole. The strata so formed were not always geographically contiguous. These tribal concentration strata are called STRATUM TYPE -1. Further, all the strata of Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep and Sikkim are also considered as stratum type-1. All the remaining strata in the rural sector (in any State/U.T.) are called stratum type -2.
There was no deviation from the original sampling design.
Survey instrument
NSS Round 44 Schedule 29.2 consists of 17 blocks as enumerated below:
Block 1: identification of sample household
Block 2: particulars of field operations
Block 3: remarks by investigator
Block 4: remarks by supervisory officer (s)
Block 5: household characteristics
Block 6: demographic particulars of household members
Block 7: particulars of assistance received by the household during last 3 years
Block 8: particulars of land owned and possessed
Block 9: particulars of disposal of land during last 5 years
Block 10: information on input items for cultivation during 1987-88
Block 11: particulars of crops produced during 1987-88
Block 12: particulars of wage employment in forest and forestry operation
Block 13: particulars of forest produce collected, consumed at home and sold by household members during last 30 days as self-employed
Block 14: particulars of household enterprise (other than cultivation) during last 30 days
Block 15: particulars of products (other than forest products) marketed during last 30 days
Block 16 : inventory of assets owned on the date of survey
Block 17 : cash dues and grain & other commodity dues payable by the household as on the date of survey and particulars of transaction of loans during last 365 days
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 1988-07-01 | 1988-09-30 | Sub Round 1 |
| 1988-10-01 | 1988-12-31 | Sub Round 2 |
| 1989-01-01 | 1989-03-31 | Sub Round 3 |
| 1989-04-01 | 1989-06-30 | Sub Round 4 |
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre | M/O Statistics and Programme Implementation | http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/home.aspx | nssodata@gmail.com |
Validated unit level data relating to various survey rounds are available on CD-ROMS which can be obtained from the Deputy Director General, Computer Centre, M/O Statistics and PI, East Block No. 10 R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066 by remitting the price along with packaging and postal charges as well as giving an undertaking duly signed in a specified format.The amount is to be remitted by way of demand draft drawn in favour of Pay & Accounts Officer, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, payable at New Delhi.
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| ADG, SDRD , NSSO | M/O Statistics & PI, G/O India | http://mospi.gov.in/ |
| DDG, Computer Centre | M/O Statistics & PI, G/O India | http://mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/site/home.aspx |
Metadata production
DDI_IND_1988_NSS44-SCH29.2_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Computer Centre | M/O Statistics & Programme Implementation | Documentation of the study |
2012-06-03
Metadata version
Version 02 (August 2013). Edited version based on Version 01 DDI (DDI-IND-MOSPI-NSSO-44Rnd-Sch29pt2-July1988-June1989) that was done by Computer Centre.