Distributive and Service Trade Survey 2003 (1995 E.C)
Ethiopia, 2003
Identification
ETH_2003_DTS_v01_M
Distributive and Service Trade Survey 2003 (1995 E.C)
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
Enterprise Survey [en/oth]
Distributive and Service Trade Enterprise Survey is the second of its kind in the country which was carried out in regional capitals and other sample selected towns by the Central Statistical Authority. This economic sector accounts for a substantial proportion of the total economic activity in every country, whether in terms of the contribution of the sector to the gross domestic product or in terms of its share of total employment. These activities are widely scattered within a country, and the economic function they perform in channeling the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer is of great significance.
Data on Distributive and Service Trade is required for a variety of puroses. One of the most important is, to provide a basis for assessing trends in the economy, i.e. to examine changes in sectoral distribution and the growth of the sector itself. For this purpose, annual and more frequent survey estimates on the contribution of this sector to the national economy and the growth of the sector is crucial. More specifically, sales of goods and services within the sector, to producers/agriculture and industry and final consumers; changes in stocks, fixed capital formation /capital investment/ and wages and salaries earned in the sector would provide useful indicators on the activity, structural distribution and trends of the sector. Comprehensive data on Distributive and Service Trade broken down by activity is required in building up indexes of wholesale and retail trades, which are important indicators of business activity.
The Distributive and Service Trade Enterprise Survey was conducted to:
i) Obtain information on the number and geographic distribution (i.e. at major regional capitals and other urban level) of distributove and service trade enterprise,
ii) Assess the share of this sector on the economic situation of towns/cities,
iii) Estimate the number of persons engaged in this sector,
iv) Obtain data on the type and flow of goods and services in order to allow policy information or policy change to strengthen the sector,
v) To get estimates on the contribution of the distributive trade and services to gross domestic product (GDP),
vi) To make comparison with baseline survey of Distributive and Service Trade,
vii) Obtain estimates of the values of the sector in terms of various economic measures (i.e. gross value of income, value added, operating surplus, investment, etc...),
viii) To ger information on the effects of the existing economix policies on this sector,
ix) Obtain data on the makor problems and constraints faced by the owners of enterprises/establishments in the sector, and
x) Obtain data that could be helpful in formulating socio-economic plans and programmes.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Enterprise (Distributive and Service Trade)
Version
Version 1.0 Edited and non anonymized dataset, for internal use only.
2009-06-02
Scope
The Scope of Distributive and Service Trade Survey includes:
- Identification particulars of the distributive/service trade establishment
- Basic information of the establishment
- Number of persons engaged during the year
- Wages, salary and other employee benefits paid in Birr
- Number of permanent employees at the end of the year by salary group
- Sales/income of the establishment
- Miscellaneous income during the year
- Income from bedrooms and other recreational service in Birr
- Expenses for the purchase of goods/commodities for sale, during the year
- Micellaneus expenses during the year
- Commodity stock value
- Payable and receivable money
- Value of fixed assets
- Investment during the year by source and purpose
- Problems and future plans of the establishment
Coverage
The survey covered only urban parts of the country. Eleven regional capitals (including Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa), four major urban centers and seventy-three other selected urban centers were included in the survey.
The Distributive and Service Trade Survey is confined in selected urban parts of the country.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency (CSA) | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of Ethiopia | Funding |
Sampling
Sample Design
For the purpose of the survey, taking in to account of their population and expected distribution of trade and service enterprise, urban areas of the country were divided in to the following two broad categories.
Category I:
Eleven regional capitals and four major urban centers of the country were grouped in this category. Each of them is considered to be the survey domain (reporting level) for which separate results for major survey characterstics were reported.
A two-stage stratified cluster sample design was used to select the sample in which the primary sampling units (PSUs) were enumeration areas (EAs). Sampling units from each domain were selected using systematic probability proportional to size; size being number of trade enterprise obtained from the 1994 Population and Housing Census. For each sampled EA a fresh list of housing units was prepared to identify trade enterprises eligible for the survey. Enterprises were further classified in to three groups,, namely, wholesale trade, retail trade and service enterprises. All wholesale trade enterprises found in the sampled EAs were covered by the survey. On the other hand in those EAs where the number of retail trade and service enterprises found were less or equal to 30, all of them were covered by the survey. However, if the number of retail trade and service enterprises of an EA exceeded 30, the survey questionnaire was administered only for 30 of them.
Category II:
This category consists of eight domains (reporting levels) of urban centers that are not included in the first category, namely,
i) Tigray othr urban
ii) Afar other urban
iii) Amhara other urban
iv) Oromia other urban
v) Somali other urban
vi) Benishangul-Gumuz other urban
vii) SNNPR other urban
viii) Gambella other urban
A three- stage stratified cluster sample design was adopted to select the sample from domains in category II. The PSUs were urban centers selected using systematic probability proportional to size; size being number of trade enterprises obtained from the 1994 Population and Housing Census. The secondary sampling units were EAs that were selected using systematic probability proportional to size; size being number of trade enterprises prepared at the begining of the survey's fieldwork. Every wholesale trade, all retail trade and service enterprises (in EAs where the number of retail trade and service enterprises found is less or equal to 30) and only 30 systematically sampled retail trade and service enterprise (from the listing of each EA that have more than 30 retail trade and service enterprises) were considered lastly and the survey questionnaire administered only to them.
Besides, required samples for Harari, Dir Dawa and Addis Ababa are entirely selected from Harar, Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa urban centers, respectively. Therefore, excluding these regions eight additional domains (reporting levels for the entire region) could be defined by merging domains of the above two categories. They were,
a) Urban Tigray
b) Urban Afar
c) Urban Amhara
d) Urban Oromia
e) Urban Somali
f) Urban Benishangul-Gumuz
g) Urban SNNP
h) Urban Gambella
Including country level (total urban) all in all thirty-two domains were defined fro the survey.
Survey instrument
The Urban Distributive and Service Trade Establishments Survey questionnaire contains the following section (parts):
Section 1: Identification particulars of the distributive/service trade establishment : This section has variables that use to identify each questionnaire uniquely.
Section 2: Basic information of the establishment: This section contains variables that have basic information about the establishments like, type of sector, type of ownership, number of owners by sex, aabout the establishment's book of accounts, etc...
Section 3.1: Number of persons engaged during the year: This section contains questions that are related to establishments employees number by employment status.
Section 3.2: Wages, salary and other employee benefits paid in Birr: This section contains questions related to employees wages, salary, and other employees benefits paid by employment status.
Section 3.3: Number of permanent employees at the end of the year by salary group: This section has information about the employees by their salary groups.
Section 4.1: Income from commodity sales/trade in service during the year: In this section information about income that comes from commodity sales/trade by type of commodity/service is collected.
Section 4.2: Miscellaneous income during the year: In this section income from different source like, interest, commission, rent income from machinery, share dividend, insurance (if received in cash), other income including donations are collected.
Section 4.3: Income from bedrooms and other recreational service in Birr: In this section income from bedrooms and recreational services like Sauna bath, cinema/theatre, sport facilities, night club and other recreationa service were collected.
Section 5.1: Expenses for the purchase of goods/commodities for sale, during the year: In this section expenses like, from wholesalers, from producers, from retailers, from other by months covered were collected.
Section 5.2: Micellaneus expenses during the year: In this section other expenses like, electric bill, energy, water, minor repair and maintenance, house rent, machinery and other fixed assets rent, advertisement, satationary and packing materials, telephone bill, accounting audit and legal services, transport, insurance premium, commission, banking service, interest paid, personal consumption and different kind of taxes were collected.
Section 6.1: Commodity stock value: In this section value of stock (goods for sale, pther stock like fule, packing materials, etc..) was collected.
Section 6.2: Payable and receivable money: In this section information about debt and receivable money were collected.
Section 7.1. Type and value of fixed assets: This section has questions related to fixed assets of the establishment.
Section 7.2. Annual investment by type and Source: This section has questions related to investment on fixed assets and working capitals.
Section 8: Problems and future plans of the establishment: In this section information about establishment's problems and operational plans were collected.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2003-02 | 2003-02 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Field Organization
In order to carry out a survey with the desired level of quality, there is a need to organize a large staff that performs the various survey activities. The Central Statistical Authority has 25 Branch Statistical Offices in the different Regional States, which facilitate and implement various preparatory and data collection aspects of the socio-economic surveys to be carried out in urban and rural areas. Each brach office has the required number of enumerators, field supervisors, coordinators and limited logistical support, such as field vehicles.
Since this survey was the second of its kind and the coverage was exiensive, it demanded the participation of quit a number of head office as well as the Branch Statistical Offices' staff members. The enumerators, supervisors, and other supporting staff were equipped with the necessary survey documents (questionnaires, instruction manual, code book, random number table, listing form, EA map, etc..). For each selected enumeration area an enumerator was assigned. To facilitate the field surpervisior was assigned for about 5 enumerators. Experts from the head office, apart from giving training to the enumerators and supervisors at branch office level, participated in the field supervision activities during the data collection period, which took about one month.
Data Collection
In line with the objectives and nature of the survey the investigation was carried out by personal interviews. One enumerator was assigned in a selected enumeration area and made a complete list of houeholds and enterprises by going from house to house using the enumeration area map prepared fro the 1994 Population and Housing Census and later on updated to include changes that occured since the Census.
a) Identification of distributive and service trade enterprises
In order to identify the houeholds with distributive and service trade enterprises, the following screening criteria were used during the listing of houeholds and enterprises within the selected enumeration area:
i. All housing units (dwelling and non-dwelling) were listed;
ii. Among the housing units listed those used for distributive and service trade enterprises were screened out.
iii. The screened distributive and service trade enterprises were categorized into three groups:- namely wholesale trade, retail trade and service trade.
b) Refernce period
The reference period for most of the data items in the questionnaire is the last 12 months, preceding the survey date. However, since the respondents by and large have no record keeping practices, monthly, quarterly, etc. data were collected where the respondents were not able to provide annual data. In such situations, the enumerators were instructed to indicate whether the information collected was monthly, quarterly ...etc in the space provided for each specific question.
Data processing
Data Processing
a) Editing, Coding and Verification
In order to attain the required level of quality of data, various quality control mechanisms were applied on the different stages of the survey activities. Classroom as well as practical training to the field staff was one of the mechanisms used. The other step taken to control the quality of the survey data was preparing a detailed and clear editing and coding instruction manual. usin this manual, editors and verfiers were given training for three days. Then, the filled in quesionnaires were manually edited and coded. Verfication was done on 100 percent basis before the questionnaires were sent to computer section for data entry.
b) Computer Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation
Data entry and verification were done on personal computers using the Integrated Microcomuter Processing System (IMPS) software. Using the computer edit specification prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were cleaned. Finally, app;ying IMPS software, tabulation of results and variances were processed by one computer programmer with assistance from the subject matter personnel.
Data appraisal
Estimation procedure of totals, ratios, and sampling error are given in Appendix 1 of the final report.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | CSA | http://www.csa.gov.et | csa@csa.gov.et |
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) is committed to achieving excellence in the provision of timely, reliable and affordable official statistics for informed decision making in order to maximize the welfare of all Ethiopians. This is achieved through the collection and analysis of censuses, surveys and the use of administrative data as well as the dissemination a range of statistical products and providing assistance and services to users.
A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et ).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents
The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected
For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research,
It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and
The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA.
The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
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Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget. At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et http://www.csa.gov.et).
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
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- the survey reference number
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Example:
Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. Distributive and Service Trade Survey 2003 (1995 E.C). Ref. ETH_2003_DTS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [source] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data Administrator | Central Statistical Agency | data@csa.gov.et | http://www.csa.gov.et |
| World Bank Microdata Library | microdata@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_ETH_2003_DTS_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Production and documentation of the study |
| International Household Survey Network | Review of the metadata |
2009-06-02
Metadata version
Version 02 (August 2013). Edited version based on Version 1.1 DDI (DDI-ETH-CSA-DTS-2002-v1.1) that was done by Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia and reviewed by International Household Survey Network.