Child Labour Survey 2001-2002 (1994 E.C)
Ethiopia, 2001
Identification
ETH_2001_CLS_v01_M
Child Labour Survey 2001-2002 (1994 E.C)
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
Child Labor Survey [hh/cls]
In Ethiopia there is not comprehensive and adequate study, which shows the exact magnitude and situation of child labour in all economic sectors. The section on child labour incorporated in the 1999 National Labour Force Survey questionnaires was limited in its scope as it was a module attached to a survey with a major concern on adult labour statistics. The availability of data on working children and their analysis on a continuous basis is particularly essential for establishing intervention programs and formulating policies for the eventual elimination of child labour. To address the problem, the Government of Ethiopia, through the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MOLSA) and the Central Statistical Authority (CSA), with the technical and financial support of the ILO, launched the first Stand-alone National Child Labour Survey (NCLS) in March 2001.
The objectives of the 2001 Ethiopia Stand-alone Child Lobour Survey was to provide Statistical data on children's activities focusing on the status of schooling non-economic and economic activities. Specifically, the Survey was aimed at to provide statistical data that will help to:
(a) establish the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of children: age, sex, status and levels of education and training occupations, skill-levels, hours of work, earnings and other working and living conditions;
(b) assess the working situation of children and the influence on their education, health physical and mental development;
(c) examine the characteristics of the sectors that employ most children;
(d) identify where and how long the children have been working and the factors that lead children to work or families to put children to work and;
(e) assess the health and welfare status of working children.
The survey collected information for all members of selected households as well as for children aged 5-17 years. Data collected for all members of the household include particulars of household members, like age, sex, religion, ethnicity, school attendance and training and marital status; economic activity status of the population aged 5 years and over during the last seven days, if non-working (economically and active) reason for not working, number of hours worked, ... etc.; economic activities of population aged 10 years and over during the last twelve months; housing conditions, housing facilities and household income and expenditure were collected.
For children aged 5-17 years, information on movement of children between households; school attendance and reason for dropouts; domestic activities and idleness; health and welfare situations of children who have been working at any time in the past; conditions of employment of children who are working for a non-relative person for pay; perception of parents of those children that are engaged in economic activity about the children’s working conditions were collected from their parents or guardians. Similar information about children aged 10-17 years were also collected from children themselves.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Households
- Individuals
- Children aged 5-17 years
Version
Version 1.1: Edited and non anonymized dataset, for internal use only.
Scope
The scope of the 2001-2002 Chiled Labour Survey included:
- Identification particular
- Particulars of household members
- Economic activity during the last 7 days
- Economic activity during the last 12 months
- Household and housing unit characteristics
- Migration status of children aged 5-17 years
- Educational status children aged 5-17 years
- Unpaid housekeeping activities/household chores and complete idleness of children 5-17 years old
- Work related health and safety aspects of children 5-17 years old who have worked at any time in the past
- Children 5-17 years old working as employees for someone else for payments in-cash or in-kind, or withour any payment
- Perceptions of parents/guardians or other relatives with whom working children aged 5-17 years usually reside
- Education and working conditions of children aged 10-17 years
Coverage
National coverage
The survey is not covered non-sedentary areas of two zones of the Affar Region and six zones of the Somali Region. Residents of collective quarters, homeless and foreigners were not covered in the survey.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| International Labour Organization | Technical assistance |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| International Labour Organization | Financial support |
| Government of Ethiopia | Financial support |
Sampling
Sampling Frame:
The Enumeration Area (EA) delineated for the 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia was used as a sampling frame for the selection of Primary Sampling Units (PSU). The sampling frame used for the selection f ultimate sampling units (households) as a fresh list of households, which was prepared b y the enumerator in the sampled E A at the time of the survey.
Sample Design:
The 2001 Stand-alone National Child Labour Survey of Ethiopia covered both rural and urban parts of the country. However, it has not covered non-sedentary areas of two zones of the Affar Region and six zones of the Somali Region. Residents of collective quarters, homeless and foreigners were not covered in the survey. For the purpose of the survey, the population of the country was divided into three major categories namely, rural, major urban centers and other urban centers.
Category I: Rural parts of each regional state were grouped in this category. Each of the regions was a reporting level: thus, there are 11 reporting levels in this category.
Category II: Major urban centers were grouped under this category. The list of urban centers included in this category (domain of study). Each of them were used as the survey domains for which the survey results were reported, hence, the reporting levels under this category are totally 11 major urban centers, namely, Mekele, Gonder, Dessie, Bahir Dar, Nazreth, Debre Zeit, Jimma, Awassa, Harar, Addis Ababa and DireDawa.
Category III: Other urban centers, which were not included in category II, were included in this category. Except for Harari Region, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa administrations, each region was serving as a reporting level independently by their respective regional states. As we can see from Table 2.3 this category has 8 reporting levels.
In addition to the above domains of study, the survey results were also reported at regional and country levels by aggregating the survey results from the corresponding domains. All in all 48 basic survey domains (reporting levels) including urban part of each regional state, total (urban + rural) part of each region, country level urban, country level rural and country level total were defined for the survey.
Sample Size Selection Schema:
A sample size of 1,257 EAs was fixed based upon the required precision level and available resource for the survey. The 1999 National Labor Force Survey result was used to determine the required number of sample households per PSU/EA. For this survey, it was found that about 35 households per EA would give fair and reasonable estimates at a required reporting level for the variables under study.
In category II, and I stratified two-stage cluster sampling was used for the selection of ultimate sampling units. The Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) are EAs and secondary sampling units are households. In category III stratified three-stages cluster sampling was used for the selection of ultimate sampling units. In this category the PSUs are towns, the Secondary Sampling Units (SSUs) are EAs and the tertiary sampling units are households t he probability proportional to size (PPS) systematic sampling, size being total number of households obtained from the 1994 population and housing census was used for selection of towns and E As.
From category I a total of 723 EAs, from category II a total of 305 EAs and from category III a total of 229 EAs were selected after generating afresh listing of households within each sample EA at the beginning of the field work the survey questionnaire was administered to 35 systematically selected households for rural and both categories of the urban domains. Based on the results of the survey coverage rate of sample EAs was 100 percent and response rate of sampled household was 99.1percent.
Based on the results of the survey, coverage rate of sample EAs was 100 percent and response rate of sampled households was 99.1 percent.
Survey instrument
At the inception of the survey design, the ILO has provided the Central Statistical Authority (CSA) a draft module questionnaire that was tested and applied in other African countries to be used as a base and to decide on the content and format of the Ethiopia Stand-alone Child Labour Survey. The ILO's module questionnaire was then redesigned to reflect the existing conditions of the country, in close consultation with Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MOLSA) and the ILO in order to satisfy the data requirements of the country as well as the feasibility in the data collection operations. Accordingly, the survey questionnaire modified into three forms, where Form-I of the questionnaire that refers to demographic and socio-economic condition of household members was administered to each member of the selected households. Form-II of the survey questionnaire refers to children aged 5-17 years and the information was collected by interviewed from the parents or guardians of the children, while Form-III was addressed to children aged 10-17 years and the children themselves give the responses to the questions.
In the process of designing the survey questionnaire, a pilot survey was conducted where the questionnaires and other survey instruments were tested in the field and amended accordingly. Furthermore, a half day user-producer forum was prepared that involved the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, other concerned government agencies, the ILO Area Office in Addis Ababa and NGO's that are involved in child issues. Comments and inputs on the draft content of the survey questionnaire from the users aspect were obtained and are used as inputs in finalizing the questionnaire.
Briefly the major variables included in the three Forms of the questionnaire are presented below.
Form - I: Area Identification of the Selected Household and Socio-demographic Characteristics of Household Members
Section 1: Area identification of the selected household.
Section 2: Particulars of respondents and household members, that is, socio-demographic characteristics of the population like age, sex, religion, ethnicity, schooling and training and marital status.
Section 3: Economic activities of the population aged 5 years and over during the last seven days; this section identifies working and non-working population and reason for not working, number of hours worked, amount and source of earnings of children as well as other members of household.
Section 4: Economic activities of population aged 10 years and over during the last twelve months.
Section 5: Household section of the questionnaire that deals with housing conditions, housing facilities and household income and expenditure.
Form - II: Economic Activity Status of Children Aged 5-17 Years - to be addressed to Parents, Guardians or Heads of Households
Section 6: Movement of children between households;
Section 7: Schooling and reason for dropouts;
Section 8: Domestic activities without payment and idleness;
Section 9: Health and welfare situations of children who have been working at any time in the past;
Section 10: Conditions of employment of children who are working for a non-relative person for pay;
Section 11: Perception of parents of those children that are engaged in economic activity about the children's economic activity.
Form-III: Economic Activity of Children Aged 10-17 Years - to be addressed to the children themselves
Section 12: Consists of schooling and reason for dropouts, current economic activity, reason for idleness, occupational health, relationship to employer, amount and type of earnings, job satisfaction and reason for not being satisfied and other opinion questions. Most of the questions included in Form-II were also incorporated in Form-III.
In all the three-forms of the survey questionnaires, most questions were designed with pre-coded answers. Regarding the format of the questionnaires, they are prepared in two different formats, where Form - I was prepared in schedule format while Form - II and Form - III in verbatim format.
All the Three Forms in the questionnaire used for the survey were prepared in the national working language, that is, the Amharic language. English version of the questionnaire is attached as external resourcein.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2001-03 | 2001-03 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
Field Organization:
All the 22 Branch Statistical offices of the CSA participated in the survey undertaking specially in organizing . the second stage training in deploying field staff to their respective sites of assignment data collection operations, supervision and control, retrieving completed questionnaires and submitting them to the head office for data processing. They were also responsible in administering the financial and logistic aspect of the survey within the areas of their assignment. During data collection, a total of 1,322e numerators and 303 field supervisors were involved with an average supervisor-enumerator ratio of 1:5. To accomplish the data collection operation, all the enumerators were supplied with the necessary survey equipment at the completion of the training. To assist he data collection activities in deployment supervision and retrieval of completed questionnaires 123 four-wheel drive vehicles were used.
Training of Field Staff:
The field staff-training program was carried out in two stages. The first-stage trainees were composed of statisticians from Head Office, and Branch Statistical Offices, and some selected senior field supervisors. The training was given for one week at the CSA's headquarters in Addis Ababa. Many of these personnel trained in the first-stage, conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for about two weeks in the 22 Branch Statistical Offices that are located all over the country. During this second-stage training, the field staff were given detailed classroom instruction on the objectives and uses of the survey, concepts and definitions of terms used, interviewing procedures how to fill questionnaires...etc. The enumerators' training also included a field practice to reinforce the classroom training.
Data processing
Data Editing, Coding and Verification:
The filled-in questionnaires that were retrieved from the field were first subjected to manual editing and coding. During the fieldwork the enumerator, the field supervisors, Statisticians and the heads of branch statistical offices have done some editing. However, the major editing operation was carried out at the head office. All the edited questionnaires were again fully verified and checked for consistency before they were submitted to the data entry.
Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation:
The manually edited, coded and verified data was entered the computer, it was again subjected to computer verification. Using the computer edit specification prepared earlier for this purpose, the entered data were checked for consistencies and then computer editing or data cleaning was made by referring back to the filled-in questionnaire. Consistency checks and re-checks were also made based on tabulation results. Computer programs used in data entry, machine editing and tabulation were prepared using the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS).
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency (CSA) | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) is committed to achieving excellence in the provision of timely, reliable and affordable official statistics for informed decision making in order to maximize the welfare of all Ethiopians. This is achieved through the collection and analysis of censuses, surveys and the use of administrative data as well as the dissemination a range of statistical products and providing assistance and services to users. A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et http://www.csa.gov.et).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research, It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA. The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget. At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et http://www.csa.gov.et).
The Central Statistical Agency (CSA) is committed to achieving excellence in the provision of timely, reliable and affordable official statistics for informed decision making in order to maximize the welfare of all Ethiopians. This is achieved through the collection and analysis of censuses, surveys and the use of administrative data as well as the dissemination a range of statistical products and providing assistance and services to users. A microdata dissemination policy is established by CSA to address the conditions and the manner in which anonymized microdata files may be released to users for research purposes. It also strives to identify the different levels of anonymization for different categories of data use. This policy is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et http://www.csa.gov.et).
CSA will release microdata files for use by researchers for scientific research purposes when:
The Director General is satisfied that all reasonable steps have been taken to prevent the identification of individual respondents The release of the data will substantially enhance the analytic value of the data that have been collected For all but purely public files, researchers disclose the nature and objectives of their intended research, It can be demonstrated that there are no credible alternative sources for these data, and The researchers have signed an appropriate undertaking.
Terms and conditions of use of public data files are the following:
The data and other materials provided by CSA will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of CSA. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the CSA. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by CSA, or among data from the CSA and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from CSA will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset. An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to CSA. The original collector of the data, CSA, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Cost Recovery Policy:
It is the policy of CSA to encourage broad use of its products by making them affordable for users. Accordingly, CSA attempts to ensure that the costs of creating anonymized microdata files are built-in to the survey budget. At the same time, CSA attempts to recover costs associated with the provisions of special services that benefit only a specific group. Information on the price of each dataset is available at CSA website (www.csa.gov.et http://www.csa.gov.et).
The following statement must be used as citation:
"Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA). Child Labour Survey (CLS 2001-2002) "
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Data Administrator | Central Statistical Agency (CSA) | Data@csa.gov.et |
| World Bank Microdata Library | microdata@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_ETH_2001_CLS_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Centeral Statistical Agency | Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | Production and documentation of the study |
| International Household Survey Network | Review of the metadata |
2005-08-26
Metadata version
Version 02 (September 2013). Edited version based on Version 1.1 DDI (DDI-ETH-CSA-CLS-2001-v1.1) that was done by Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency and reviewed by International Household Survey Network (IHSN).