| Table of contents |
Tables v
Figures xiv
Foreword xv
Acknowledgement xvi
List of Contributors xvii
Executive Summary xix
Acronyms xxvi
Chapter 1: Introduction
by Amarbal Avirmed 1
Geography, Climate and History 1
Population Growth 3
Population Distribution and Migration 4
Population Policy 4
Second Population and Reproductive Health Survey 5
Sampling for the RHS 6
Questionnaires 7
Schedule of Survey Activities of the RHS 8
Pilot Surveys 8
Data Collection 9
Data Processing 9
Coverage of the Survey 9
Chapter 2: Household and Respondent Characteristics
by Amarbal Avirmed and Tserenkhand Biderya 11
Age-Sex Composition of the Population 11
Household Composition 13
Educational Level 13
Housing Conditions of Households and Related Characteristics 16
Respondent Characteristics 18
Exposure to the Mass Media 20
Employment 21
Chapter 3: Fertility
by Tserenkhand Biderya and Tsedmaa Baatar 27
Fertility levels and Trends 27
Fertility Differentials 29
Cumulative Fertility 30
Age at First Childbirth 32
Summary and Conclusion 33
Chapter 4: Family Planning by Soyoltuya Bayaraa and Uyanga Turbat 35
Knowledge of Family Planning Methods 35
Use of Contraception 39
Number of Children at First Use of Contraceptives 48
Knowledge of Women on Periodic Abstinence 49
Median Age of Sterilized Women, by number of years since operation 49
Supply of Contraceptives (by source) 50
Intentions to Use Family Planning in the Future 51
Reasons for not Intending to Use Contraceptives in the Future 52
Contraceptive Methods Wanted by Women Who Are Currently Not Using Contraceptive and Who Have an Intention to Use It 53
Attitude of Wives and Husbands to Family Planning 54
Summary and Conclusion 55
Chapter 5: Other Proximate Determinants of Fertility
by Solongo Algaa and Khishigee Seded 57
Marital Status 57
Age at First Marriage 58
Differentials of Median Age at First Marriage 59
Age of First Sexual Intercourse 59
Sexual Activity of Currently Married Women 61
Postpartum Amenorrhea, Abstinence and Insusceptibility 63
Median Duration of Insusceptibility 65
Menopause 66
Summary and Conclusion 67
Chapter 6: Fertility Preferences
by Sukhee Dombojav and Bayarkhuu Ganbaatar 69
Desired Number of Children 69
Need for Family Planning 72
Ideal Number of Children 74
Wanted and Unwanted Fertility 76
Fertility preferences 78
Chapter 7: Infant and Child Mortality
by Amarbal Avirmed and Choijamts Gotov 81
Introduction 81
Mortality Levels 82
Mortality Differentials 83
Note on: Indirect mortality estimates using MORTPAK procedure and printed output of mortality estimates 86
Summary and Conclusion 88
Chapter 8: Reproductive and Child Health
by Saranchimeg Byamba and Soyolgerel Gochoo 89
Antenatal Care 90
Antenatal Care Visit 91
Usage of Iron Pills 91
Pregnancy Difficulties 93
Diseases Associated with Pregnancy 93
Maternity Waiting Home Services 94
Place of Deliveries 95
Assistance at Delivery 95
Delivery Characteristics 96
Delivery Complications 97
Post-partum counseling 99
Fever and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) 100
Diarrhea Prevalence and its Treatment 101
Summary and Conclusion 104
Chapter 9: Breastfeeding
by Saranchimeg Byamba, Regzmaa Gongor 105
Time of first breastfeeding 105
Breastfeeding 106
Summary and Conclusion 111
Chapter 10: Knowledge and attitudes concerning STIs and HIV/AIDS by Altankhuu Mordorj and Monkhtsetseg Pooloi 113
Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning STIs 113
Prevention 117
Knowledge about HIV/AIDS 120
Prevention 123
Perceived Risks of HIV/AIDS 125
Change in sexual behavior of women who have knowledge about HIV/AIDS 127
Summary and Conclusion 130
Chapter 11: Induced Abortion
by Navchaa Suren and Uranchimeg Davaadorj 131
Pregnancy Outcomes 131
Experience with Induced Abortion 132
Rates of Induced Abortion 133
Abortion by Parity 135
Reasons for the Last Abortion 135
Decision for the Last Abortion and Stage of Pregnancy During the Last Abortion 136
Place of the Fee for the Last Abortion 137
Abortion Services and Counselling 137
Abortion and Use of Contraceptives 139
Abortion more Convenient than Contraception 141
Legalization of Abortion 142
Summary and Conclusion 142
Chapter 12: Adolescent Reproductive Health
By Navch Tumurtolgoi and Oyuntsetseg Mashir 145
Childbirth 145
Knowledge and usage of contraceptives among adolescent girls and their sexual relations 147
Knowledge on and Attitude toward HIV/STIs 154
Summary and Conclusion 164
References 165
Appendix A: Quality of the Data – Nonsampling Error
Amarbal Avirmed 167
Appendix B: Sampling Variability
Amarbal Avirmed 171
Appendix C: List of Steering Committee members and Working
Group members 183
List of Field Staff184
Appendix D: Questionnaires 185 |
