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Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2009

Malawi, 2009
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MWI_2009_CFSVA_v01_M
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World Food Programme
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Questionnaires
Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2009, Household Questionnaire
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Author(s) World Food Programme
Country Malawi
Language English
Download http://catalog.ihsn.org//catalog/4145/download/55409
Reports
Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis 2009, Household Questionnaire
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Author(s) World Food Programme
Date 2010-03-01
Country Malawi
Language English
Table of contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................. vi
List of Tables ............................................................................................................ viii
List of Figures ............................................................................................................. ix
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... xi
1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1

2.0 CFSVA Objectives and Methodology ........................................................................ 3
2.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Conceptual Framework and Definitions ........................................................................ 3
2.2.1 Food Security Concepts and Definitions ....................................................................... 4
2.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 5
2.3.1 Sampling Strategy ................................................................................................. 5
2.3.2 Instruments ......................................................................................................... 7
2.3.3 Limitations .......................................................................................................... 8

Rural Malawi CFSVA Results ......................................................................................... 9

3.0 Human and Social Capital ....................................................................................... 9
3.1 Demographics ......................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Education ............................................................................................................. 10
3.3 Health .................................................................................................................. 11
3.4 Migration .............................................................................................................. 13

4.0 Physical Capital .................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Housing ................................................................................................................ 15
4.1.1 Housing Structure and Facilities .............................................................................. 15
4.1.2 Water and Sanitation ........................................................................................... 16
4.2 Asset Ownership and Wealth Index ........................................................................... 19

5.0 Economic Capital and Livelihood Strategies ........................................................... 24
5.1 Livelihood Activities ................................................................................................ 24
5.1.1 Main Activities .................................................................................................... 24
5.1.2 Livelihood Strategy Profiles .................................................................................... 25
5.1.3 Change in income ................................................................................................ 27
5.1.4 Remittances ....................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Expenditures ......................................................................................................... 29
5.2.1 Monthly Expenditure and Expenditure Quintiles .......................................................... 29
5.2.2 Food and Non-Food Expenditures ............................................................................ 31
5.2.3 Expenditure Change: Household Perception ............................................................... 33

6.0 Natural Capital ..................................................................................................... 34
6.1 Agricultural Production ............................................................................................ 34
6.1.1 Climate ............................................................................................................ 34
6.1.2 Productive Land .................................................................................................. 34
6.1.3 Irrigation ........................................................................................................... 36
6.1.4 Major Crops and Agricultural Inputs ......................................................................... 37
6.1.5 Utilization and Duration of Harvest .......................................................................... 45
6.2 Livestock Ownership ............................................................................................... 48

7.0 Food Consumption ................................................................................................ 50
7.1 Diet Diversity and Food Sources ............................................................................... 50
7.1.1 Diet Diversity ..................................................................................................... 50
7.1.2 Food Sources: current consumption ......................................................................... 53
7.1.3 Food Sources: seasonal dependency on market ............................................................ 55
7.2 Household Food Consumption Score .......................................................................... 56
7.2.1 Food Consumption Score Methodology ..................................................................... 56
7.2.2 Food Consumption Score Groups ............................................................................ 57
7.2.3 Food Consumption and Livelihoods .......................................................................... 60
7.2.4 Major Factors associated with Food Consumption ........................................................ 60

8.0 Health and Nutrition ............................................................................................. 64
8.1 Child Nutrition and Health ....................................................................................... 64
8.1.1 Malnutrition in Children 6-59 months of age ................................................................ 64
8.1.2 Malnutrition in Children by Age Group and Livelihood Zone ............................................ 66
8.1.3 Household Characteristics and Malnutrition ................................................................ 71
8.1.4 Breastfeeding Practices ......................................................................................... 71
8.1.5 Recent Child Morbidity ......................................................................................... 72
8.1.6 Vitamin A Supplementation ................................................................................... 74
8.2 Health and nutrition of Women of Reproductive Age ..................................................... 74
8.2.1 Education Levels ................................................................................................. 74
8.2.2 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding .................................................................................. 75
8.2.3 Pregnancy History and Number of Children ................................................................ 75
8.2.4 Antenatal Care ................................................................................................... 76
8.2.5 Birth Size and Low Birth Weight ............................................................................. 76
8.2.6 Current Health and Hygiene of Women .................................................................... 77
8.2.7 Malnutrition in Women ......................................................................................... 79

9.0 Risk and Vulnerability Context .............................................................................. 81
9.1 Shocks ................................................................................................................. 81
9.1.1 Types of Shocks .................................................................................................. 81
9.1.2 Shocks by Livelihood Zone ..................................................................................... 82
9.2 Coping Strategies................................................................................................... 84
9.2.1 Relationship between CSI, Food Consumption and Wealth ............................................. 85
9.3 Assistance ............................................................................................................ 86
9.3.1 Food Assistance .................................................................................................. 86
9.3.2 Non-Food Assistance ............................................................................................ 86

10.0 Underlying Causes of Food Insecurity ................................................................ 88

11.0 Market Analysis .................................................................................................. 90
11.1 Instability, Seasonality and Cycles .......................................................................... 90
11.1.1 Price Instability ................................................................................................. 90
11.1.2 Seasonality and Cycle by Livelihood Zone ................................................................. 90
11.2 Market Integration within and between Livelihood Zones ............................................. 93
11.2.1 Price Instability between Livelihood Zone Markets ...................................................... 93
11.2.2 Market Integration by Livelihood Zone .................................................................... 94
11.2.3 Market Integration between Livelihood Zones............................................................ 99
11.3 Cross-border and International Trade .................................................................... 101

12.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................... 104
12.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 104
12.2 Recommendations .............................................................................................. 108

Annexes ................................................................................................................. 111
Annex I: Human and Social Capital .............................................................................. 112
Annex II: Physical Capital ........................................................................................... 120
Annex III: Natural Capital ........................................................................................... 128
Annex IV: Economic Capital ........................................................................................ 154
Annex V: Food Consumption ....................................................................................... 162
Annex VI: Parameter estimates for predictors of Food Insecurity ....................................... 172
Download http://www.wfp.org/content/malawi-comprehensive-food-security-and-vulnerability-analysis-2010
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