National Survey on Household Living Conditions and Agriculture 2014, Wave 2 Panel Data
Niger, 2014 - 2015
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NER_2014_ECVMA-II_v02_M
National Survey on Household Living Conditions and Agriculture 2014
Wave 2 Panel Data
Deuxième Enquête National sur les Conditions de Vie des Ménages et Agriculture 2014
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Niger | NER |
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
The ECVM/A is the second integrated multi-topic household survey done for the purpose of evaluating poverty and living conditions in Niger under the Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) program. It is a panel survey with the first survey done in 2011.
Niger is part of the Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) program. This program has developed a household level survey with a view to enhancing our knowledge of agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, its role in poverty reduction and the techniques for promoting efficiency and innovation in this sector. To achieve this objective, an innovative model for agricultural data collection in this region will need to be developed and implemented. To this end, activities conducted in the future will be supported by four main pillars - a multisectoral framework, institutional integration, analytical capacity building, and active dissemination.
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First, agricultural statistical data collection must be part of an expanded and multisectoral framework that goes beyond the rural area. This will facilitate generation of the data needed to formulate effective agricultural policies throughout Niger and in the broader framework of the rural economy.
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Second, agricultural statistical data collection must be supported by a well-adapted institutional framework suited to fostering collaboration and the integration of data sources. By supporting a multi-pronged approach to data collection, this project seeks to foster intersectoral collaboration and overcome a number of the current institutional constraints.
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Third, national capacity building needs to be strengthened in order to enhance the reliability of the data produced and strengthen the link between the producers and users of data. This entails having the capacity to analyze data and to produce appropriate public data sets in a timely manner. The lack of analytical expertise in developing countries perpetuates weak demand for statistical data.
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Consequently, the foregoing has a negative impact on the quality and availability of policy-related analyses. Scant dissemination of statistics and available results has compounded this problem.
In all countries where the LSMS-ISA project will be executed, the process envisioned for data collection will be a national household survey, based on models of LSMS surveys to be conducted every three years for a panel of households. The sampling method to be adopted should ensure the quality of the data, taking into account the depth/complexity of the questionnaire and panel size, while ensuring that samples are representative.
The main objectives of the ECVM/A are to:
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Gauge the progress made with achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs);
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Facilitate the updating of the social indicators used in formulating the policies aimed at improving the living conditions of the population;
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Provide data related to several areas that are important to Niger without conducting specific surveys on individual topics ;
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Provide data on several important areas for Niger that are not necessarily collected in other more specific surveys.
Sample survey data [ssd]
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Individuals
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Households
Scope
The scope of the ECVMA includes:
Household questionnaire
- Socio-demographic characteristics of household members
- Education
- Health
- Characteristics of the labor market
- Non-agricultural enterprises
- Characteristics of the household dwelling
- Income of houshold members not derived from employment
- Fund transfers
- Negative shocks
- Non food household expenditure
- Food consumption
- Food security
- Aspirations of individuals from 15-25
- Psychology and attitudes of individuals 15-25
- Consumption of livestock owned by the household
- Children between ages 5-15 living outside the household
Agriculture and livestock questionnaire:
- Household's access to land
- Inputs, labor, types of crops and amount of harvest for rainy season agriculture
- Livestock
- Tree culture, perennials,
- Agricultural extension
- Climate change
Community Questionnaire:
- Relative existence and accessibility of social services
- Economy and infrastructure in the village/neighborhood
- Health
- Characteristics of agriculture in the village/neighborhood
- Livestock and negative shocks which the community has been victim during the last 5 years
- Community needs for infrastructure
- Local prices
Coverage
The ECVM/A 2014 is a panel survey with the ECVM/A 2011. The ECVM/A 2011 was designed to have national coverage, including both urban and rural areas in all the regions of the country. The domains are defined as the entire country, the city of Niamey; and other urban areas, rural areas, and in the rural areas, agricultural zones, agro-pastoral zones and pastoral zones.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Survey and Census Division | National Institute of Statistics |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Survey and Census Division | National Institute of Statistics |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The World Bank | Financial and Technical Assistance |
| Name |
|---|
| ECVMA Technical Committee |
Sampling
2011 Survey
The ECVM/A 2011 was been designed to have national coverage, including both urban and rural areas in all the regions of the country. The domains are defined as the entire country, the city of Niamey; and other urban areas, rural areas, and in the rural areas, agricultural zones, agro-pastoral zones and pastoral zones. Taking this into account, 26 explicit sampling strata were selected: Niamey, and urban, agriculture, agro-pastoral and pastoral zones of the seven regions other than Niamey.
The target population was drawn from households in all 8 regions of the country with the exception of certain strata found in Arlit (Agadez Region) because of difficulties in going there, the very low population density, and collective housing. The portion of the population excluded from the sample represents less than 0.4% of the total population of Niger. Of a total of 36,000 people not included in the sample design, about 29,000 live in Arlit and 7,000 in collective housing.
The sample was chosen through a random two stage process:
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In the first stage a certain number of Enumeration Areas (known as Zones de Dénombrement or ZDs) was selected with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) using the 2001 General Census of Population and Housing as the base for the sample, and the number of households as a measure of size.
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In the second stage, 12 or 18 households were selected with equal probability in each urban or rural ZD respectively. The base for the sample was an exhaustive listing of households that would be done before the start of the survey.
The total estimated size of the 2011 sample was 4,074 households. The fact that this was the first survey with panel households to be revisited in the future was taken into account in the design, making it possible to lose households between the two surveys with minimal adverse effects on the analyses.
2014 Survey
The ECVM/A 2014 is a panel survey with the ECVM/A 2011. All households are identified by three variables - GRAPPE, MENAGE and EXTENSION. GRAPPE is the cluster in which the household is located and MENAGE is the household number within that cluster. The GRAPPE and MENAGE identifiers of the households in 2014 are identical with the grappe and menage identifiers in 2011.
In the ECVM/A 2014, all households that had been interviewed in 2011 were tracked. Households that did not move were interviewed in their existing location. Households that had moved to other locations in Niger were followed and interviewed in their new locations if they could be found in the new location. Households that moved outside of Niger were not followed. Households are identified by the GRAPPE and MENAGE identifiers from 2011 even if they moved to a new location.
Individuals who moved from households, for example women who married and moved to their husband's household or men who moved out to form their own household, were also tracked. In the new location, the individual and all members in the new household were supposed to be interviewed. However in the final data set it is difficult to determine among the households of tracked individuals which one was in the original household and which are the new participants in the survey. While the GRAPPE and MENAGE are identical between the 2011 household and the movers from the 2014 survey, the individual identifiers within the household cannot be matched for these households.
Households that did not move are identified as code "0" in the variable EXTENSION. Households that moved as an entire household are identified as code "1" in variable EXTENSION. Households with an individual who moved from an original household and resided in a new household in 2014 are identified as code "2" in variable EXTENSION.
Within households, individuals should have the same identification numbers as they had in 2011. The variable MS01Q00 in the 2014 data contains the individual identification number within the household. In 2011, the variable is ms01q00. The identification numbers for members who left the household between 2011 and 2014 should not be found in the 2014 data. Their identification numbers should not have been reassigned to any other members. New members who joined the household after the 2011 survey will have identification numbers starting after the highest identification number found in the 2011 data. It is always possible that there were mistakes made in the identification of individuals in the households and the data may not be perfectly matched.
The households that moved maintain the GRAPPE (cluster) and MENAGE (household within the cluster) identification information from 2011 so that they can be matched back to information from the 2011 survey. They may have moved to a different region in the country, but are identified with their original location.
In order to produce nationally representative statistics with the data, weights or expansion factors need to be applied. The sample weight (hhweight) is found in the constructed data sets (see Annex 2 of the Basic Information Document available under the Related Materials tab).
Survey instrument
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRES - FIRST VISIT
The ECVM/A involves two visits, which means that each household is visited twice. The first visit takes place during the planting season. The second visit takes place during the harvest season. The household and agriculture/livestock, as well as the community/price questionnaire are administered during the first visit. During the second visit, the household and agriculture/livestock questionnaires are administered in full, but the community questionnaire only collects price information.
The household questionnaire comprises 18 sections, not including the cover page which covers information of a general nature (identity, name of household head) and Section 0 which covers detailed information on household identification and the results of the survey. In the first visit, 16 of the sections were administered.
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Section 1 focuses on the socio-demographic characteristics of household members (gender, age, relations with household head, survival of relations);
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Sections 2 and 3 focus respectively on the education and health of household members;
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Section 4 focuses on the characteristics of the labor market and seeks to determine whether the subject is inactive (retirees, for example), unemployed or employed; and in the case of those in employment, to identify the characteristics of their employment (socio-professional category, seniority, working hours, income etc.);
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Section 5 focuses on non-agricultural enterprises owned either by a household member, or by the household. The enterprises concerned are all enterprises in which a household member is the boss, a partner, or self-employed;
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Sections 6 and 7 focus respectively to the characteristics of the household dwelling (status of occupancy, nature of walls, roof, flooring, number of rooms etc.) and its equipment in terms of durable goods and production tools;
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Section 8 focuses on the income of household members which is not derived from employment (pensions, scholarships, income from rent etc.);
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Section 9 focuses on fund transfers made by the household to other households and remittances received from other households, and social assistance received by the household members;
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Section 10 focuses on negative shocks sustained by the household during the 12 months prior to the interview and the coping strategies adopted in this regard;
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Section 11 focuses on non-food household expenditure items (exclusive of education, health and accommodation which are addressed under the appropriate sections above);
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Section 12 focuses on food consumption (expenditure, auto-consumption, gifts and donations);
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Section 13 focuses on addresses other information on food consumption during the 7 days preceding the survey, with particular reference to food consumption according to food group;
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Section 14 focuses on food security;
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Section 15 looks at the aspirations of individuals from 15 to 25 years of age and the constraints or facilitators to those aspirations; and
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Section 16 looks at psychology and attitudes of individual 15 to 25 years of age.
SECOND VISIT QUESTIONNAIRE
The second visit household questionnaire is a reduced version of the version used in the first round. It includes information to determine if members who were in the household in the first visit are still in the household and if there are any new members. When there are new members, the questionnaire is used to collect limited basic socio-demographic information.
In addition, information for all households is collected on non-food expenditures of the household (Section 11), food consumption (Section 12), other information on food consumption for the past 7 days, notably the foods consumed by type of food (Section 13), and food security (Section 14).
Two new sections were added to the second visit household questionnaire.
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Section 17 is about the consumption of livestock owned by the household for the Tabaski festival; and
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Section 18 is about children between the ages of 5 and 15 who live outside of the household.
AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK QUESTIONNAIRE - FIRST VISIT
Like the household questionnaire, the agriculture/livestock questionnaire is divided into sections and sub-sections. In the first visit, which is administered in the post-planting season, three sections were administered:
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Section 1 collects information on the household’s access to land;
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Section 2 collects information about inputs, labor, types of crops, and costs for rainy season agriculture; and
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Section 3 collects information on agricultural equipment owned/used by the household.
AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK QUESTIONNAIRE - SECOND VISIT
The agriculture and livestock questionnaire, second visit, collects information on the harvest and on livestock production in the household. The sections include:
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Section 1 collect’s information on the household’s access to land;
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Section 2 collects information about inputs, labor, types of crops, costs, and amount of harvest for rainy season agriculture;
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Section 4 collects information on livestock including type of livestock, reproduction, shelter, feeding, water, health, labor, meat production, milk production, egg production, use of animals for transportation and work, production and use of manure, and transhumance; and
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Section 5 collects information on tree culture and perennials, agricultural extension, and climate change.
COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE
The community questionnaire has 7 sections. In addition, the cover pages collects general information (identification information, etc.) and section 0 provides the names of the respondents.
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Section 1 collects information relative to the existence and accessibility of social services;
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Section 2 collects information on the economy and infrastructure in the village/neighborhood.
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Section 3 is dedicated to health;
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Section 4 collects the characteristics of agriculture in the village/neighborhood;
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Section 5 looks at livestock and negative shocks which the community has been victim during the last 5 years;
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Section 6 reports community needs for infrastructure; and
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Section 7 collects local prices.
In the second visit, the community questionnaire was used only to collect local prices.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-09 | 2014-11 | First Visit |
| 2015-01-27 | 2015-03-28 | Second Visit |
The training for the pilot test took place from 24-28 March and the field work portion took place from 31 March through 12 April. The pilot test was done in Tillaberry, a region close to Niamey that includes both urban and rural areas.
- Organization of the First Visit
The first visit used three questionnaires to collect data. The household questionnaire collected information at the individual level (demographics, education, health, and employment) and information at the household level (housing, durable goods, transfers, shocks, etc.). The agriculture questionnaire collected information about the post-planting period (plots, crops, inputs, labor, etc.). The community questionnaire collected information about characteristics of the community in which the households selected for the survey were found. There is no community data for the households that moved in their entirety. No community questionnaire was administered in the new location.
- Training for the First Visit
The training for the first visit was held from August 4-31, 2014. The training included classroom sessions, exercises on individual sections, and practice interviews. In addition, as part of the training, the enumerators went to a ZD not included in the sample for the ECVM/A to practice doing interviews in actual households. The training was held in French, but practice sessions were also done in Djerma and Houssa, the two main languages in the country.
- First Visit Data Collection
Data collection was organized in teams. A team was composed of a supervisor, three enumerators, and one data entry operator. Each team was accompanied by a driver.
- Organization of the Second Visit
The second visit also used three questionnaires to collect data. These questionnaires were similar to those used in the first passage. Because the households visited in the first round were re-visited, the household questionnaire collected demographic information at the individual level only for those sections that were added. Some information that had been collected at the household level in the first visit - household enterprises, housing characteristics, durable goods, non-wage revenues, transfers and shocks - was not collected again in the second visit. Complete information was collected on non-food expenditures and food consumption. The agriculture questionnaire collected information about the post-harvest period (plots, crops, outputs, labor, etc.) and livestock. While the community questionnaire in its entirety was not administered, the price data collection was done. Again, no community questionnaire was administered for those households that moved in their entirety to a new location outside of the original sample.
- Training for the Second Visit
Training for the second visit was held from December 17, 2014 to January 3, 2015. This training covered the reduced household questionnaire, and the post-harvest agriculture and livestock questionnaire.
- Data Collection for the Second Visit
As with the first visit, the work to collect the data was done in teams. A team was composed of a supervisor, three enumerators, and one data entry operator. Each team was accompanied by a driver.
Data processing
The data entry was done in the field simultaneously with the data collection. Each data collection team included a data entry operator who key entered the data soon after it was collected. The data entry program was designed in CSPro, a data entry package developed by the US Census Bureau. This program allows three types of data checks: (1) range checks; (2) intra-record checks to verify inconsistencies pertinent to the particular module of the questionnaire; and (3) inter-record checks to determine inconsistencies between the different modules of the questionnaire.
Data appraisal
Basic Counts
The data as distributed represent the best effort to provide complete information. The data were collected and cleaned prior to the construction of the consumption aggregate. Using the same guidelines as were used in 2011, the households that are provided in the data set should have consumption data for both visits. This may not be the case. During the cleaning process, it was found that households had been misidentified which allowed more households to be included in the final consumption aggregate file (see below). The raw data that contains household/item level data that was used to calculate the consumption aggregate has been included in the distribution file.There are 3,614 households and 26,579 individuals in the data.
Data Access
| Name |
|---|
| National Institute of Statistics |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor. 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files. 3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor. |
- Public use files, accessible to all
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
Niger National Institute of Statistics. National Survey on Household Living Conditions and Agriculture (ECVMA) 2014. Ref. NER_2014_ECVMA_v02_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LSMS Data Manager | The World Bank | lsms@worldbank.org | surveys.worldbank.org/lsms |
| The World Bank Microdata Library | microdata.worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_NER_2014_ECVMA-II_v03_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2016-09-09
Metadata version
Version 03 (November 2019). This version is identical to version 02, except for the Data file "ecvma2_ms03p1" which was updated.
Version 02 (July 2018). This version is identical to version 01, except for the Data file “Agriculture Questionnaire - Second Visit, Section 2, Part D” which was added.
Version 01 (September 2016).