Palay Production Survey 2016
Philippines, 2016
Get MicrodataIdentification
PHL_2016_PPS_v01_M
Palay Production Survey 2016
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
Agricultural Survey [ag/oth]
The Palay Production Survey (PPS) 2016 covered the April 2016, July 2016, October 2016 and January 2017 Rounds of the 62nd year of the quarterly survey. PPS is one of the two modules of the Palay and Corn Production Survey (PCPS). The other module is the Corn Production Survey (CPS).
The generation of production statistics on palay and corn through the quarterly Rice and Corn Production Survey (RCPS), now known as the Palay and Corn Production Survey (PCPS) dates back to as early as 1954 when the former Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) was still a division (Agricultural Economics Division) of the then Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR).
The RCPS has for its predecessors, the Crops and Livestock Survey (CLS), 1954-1968; the Integrated Agricultural Survey (IAS), 1968-1985; and the Rice and Corn Survey(RCS), 1985-1993. Prior to 1986, the RCS employed a two-stage stratified sampling design with municipality as the domain. In 1986, the RCS adopted a three-stage sampling design with province as the domain. In 1989, the RCPS design evolved from a statistical research undertaken jointly by the former Philippine Statistical Association (PSA), now known as Philippine Statistical Association, Incorporated (PSAI) and former Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS) under a grant from the USAID. It was conceived as an improvement to the RCS with a completely different sampling frame and design.
The new RCPS design was officially adopted in July 1994. The design used the results of the 1991 Census of Agriculture (CA) as basis for sampling frame and is still being implemented up to the present.
The Palay Production Survey is one of the two modules of the Palay and Corn Production Survey (PCPS), formerly known as the Rice and Corn Production Survey (RCPS).
The Palay Production Survey (PPS) 2016 is a quarterly survey conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). It aims to generate estimates on palay production, area and yield and other related information at the provincial level. The four rounds are conducted in January, April, July and October. Each round generates estimates for the immediate past quarter and forecasts for the next two quarters. Results of the survey serve as inputs to planners and policy makers on matters concerning the rice industry.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Farming households
- Palay areas operated by farming households
Version
v1.0: Division edits for preliminary estimates computation (raw, first input)
2017-01-20
Scope
The scope of the Palay Production Survey includes:
- Production, area planted/harvested and yield by ecosystem and seed type
- Usage of seeds, fertilizer and pesticides
- Source of irrigation water and adequacy
- Monthly distribution of production and area harvested
- Farm household disposition of production
- Area with standing crop
- Planting intention for the quarter
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry, fisheries | Philippine Statistics Authority |
| Methodology of data collection, processing, dissemination and analysis | Philippine Statistics Authority |
Coverage
National
Barangay
Farming households in palay producing barangays.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Philippine Statistics Authority | National Economic and Development Authority |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Government of the Philippines | Full funding |
Sampling
The sampling procedure used in the Palay Production Survey 2016 (PPS 2016) was first implemented in 1994. This is a replicated two-stage stratified sampling design with province as the domain, barangay as the primary sampling unit (psu) and farming household as the secondary sampling unit (ssu).
The results of the 1991 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries (CAF 1991) serve as sampling frame at the psu and ssu levels. In the said census, the largest barangay in a municipality is taken with certainty while a 50 percent sampling rate is used for selecting the remaining barangays in the municipality. This scheme effectively resulted in the generation of two sub-universes: a sub universe of barangays with probability of selection equal to one (these barangas are called 'certainty barangays') and another sub-universe of barangays with probability of selection equal to 0.5. This characteristic of the CAF 1991 data is used in the selection of sample barangays for the PPS.
The barangays are arrayed in ascending order based on palay area which are stratified such that the aggregate palay area of the barangays belonging to one stratum is more or less equal to the aggregate palay area of the barangays in any other stratum. Ten strata are formed for major palay producing provinces and five for minor producing provinces. In all these provinces, the last stratum consisted of the certainty barangays per CAF 1991 design.
For each stratum, four (4) sample barangays are drawn independently using probability proportional to size (pps) sampling with the barangay's palay area as size measure. This resulted with four (4) independent sets of barangays (i.e., four replicates) for the province. Systematic sampling is used in drawing the sample farming households in each sample barangay.
For economic reasons, sample size per barangay is limited to a minimum of four (4) and a maximum of twenty five (25). To correct for this limitation of the design, the use of household weights is instituted. A detailed discussion of weighting in the PPS is included in the survey's estimation procedure attached as a Technical Document.
In November 2007, an updating of the list of farming households in all palay sample barangays nationwide is done to address the problem of non-response due to transfer of residence, stoppage of farm operation, passing away of operator etc. Consequently, a new set of sample households is drawn.
Respondents who refused to be interviewed, not a home, unknown and transferred to another barangay are treated as missing and are replaced at the Central Office for the next quarter's survey. The replacement samples are taken from the list of replacements (farming households) for the barangay and are reflected in the list of sample households for the next round.
Average 85.0% across quaters - April 2016 Round, July 2016 Round, October 2016 Round and January 2017 Round.
Sample weights are applied to all variables at the household level. These are determined as a function of the uniform raising factor for the province, denoted by Rk, and the adjusted household weights.
Rk is initially computed from the following characteristics: average total area planted to palay per stratum, average total area planted to palay per barangay, average number of farming households per barangay, average number of sample farming households per barangay and average number of sample barangays per stratum.
Sample size for the sample barangay is determined based on the following information: Rk, total number of farm households in the sample barangay, total palay area of the sample barangay, aggregate palay area in the stratum and number of sample barangays in the stratum.
For operational purposes, sample size per barangay is limited to a minimum of four (4) and a maximum of 25. To correct for this limitation, the use of a uniform sample weight for all sample households in the same sample barangay is instituted. Household weights are determined as a function of the computed sample size and the 'desired' sample size for the barangay, that is:
a) 1.00 if the computed sample size was between 4 and 25;
b) less than 1.00 if computed sample size was less than 4
c) more than 1.00 if computed sample size was more than 25, and
d) based on computed sample size and number of farming households in the barangay if computed sample size is less than 25 and said sample size is greater than total number of farming households in the barangay.
Household weights were encoded together with other household level data. During table generation, weighting adjustment was done to correct for sampling unit non-response due to the following reasons:
- refusal of target respondent or any othe knowledgable household member to be interviewed
- sample barangay was not accessible during the survey period
- entire household was temporarily away during the survey operation
- sample household has transferred residence to another barangay
- sample household's residence could not be located / unknown in the sample barangay
Weighting adjustment was done for each sample barangay, whenever applicable. This was calculated by multiplying the original household weight by the reciprocal of the response rate. Response rate is the ratio of the number of sample households who responded to the survey (either palay household and non-palay household) to the total number of sample households in the barangay. Calculation of the final weight was done afterwards, by multiplying the adjusted weight by the uniform raising factor Rk.
Details of the above discussion on weighting adjustment procedures, are contained in the document describing the Palay Production Survey (PPS) sampling methodology provided attached as a Technical Document.
Survey instrument
The questionnaire for Palay Production Survey (PPS) 2016 is written in English. It evolves from modifications in 2012 based on the commitment of making available to the public the reliable statistics in palay and continuous efforts in developing approaches and methodologies in estimating such statistics particularly improving the survey questionnaires. The Technical Working Group on Cereals Statistics of the Bureau reviewed simultaneously the PPS and CPS questionnaires and came up with sets of user-friendly survey instruments. The major features of the new PPS questionnaire are: shift from barangay level to farm level questionnaire i.e., from a maximum of five (5) households to one (1) household per questionnaire; change in questionnaire format; more detailed sample status categories; defined types of ecosystem; inclusion of items on labor inputs; and application of organic pesticides. This new questionnaire was used starting April 2012 survey round.
The questionnaire was divided into the following blocks:
Block A - Sample identification
Block B - Sample particulars
Block C - Information on paddy (palay) harvested
Block C.1 - Area, production, seed and irrigation information
Block C.2 - Fertilizer usage
Block C.3 - Pesticide usage
Block C.4 - Labor inputs
Block D - Palay production disposition (all ecosystem)
Block E - Palay production forecast (on standing crop)
Block F - Palay planting intentions
Block G - Respondent's assessment of the household palay production
Block H - Farmer's participation in rice program
Block I - Statistical Researcher, Supervisor, PSO and Encoder Identfication
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2016-04-01 | 2016-04-10 | April 2016 Round |
| 2016-07-01 | 2016-07-10 | July 2016 Round |
| 2016-10-01 | 2016-10-10 | October 2016 Round |
| 2016-12-01 | 2016-12-10 | January 2017 Round |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Philippine Statistics Authority | National Economic and Development Authority |
Field supervision is undertaken by the Provincial Office (PO) staff in their respective municipalities of assignments. The Provincial Statistics Officer (PSO) serves as overall supervisor in the province, while the Regional Director (RD) is the overall supervisor in the region. Central Office technical staff also make field visits in some provinces to observe the field operations.
Among the responsibilities of the supervisor are to conduct SR training prior to data collection, make spotchecking and backchecking activities during and after data collection, edit completed returns, address problems encountered by the SRs under his/her supervision and report to Central Office the significant findings that may contribute to the analysis of the survey results.
Statistical Researchers (SRs) are hired to gather the data. Prior to data collection, training of the SRs is conducted to ensure that the procedures and concepts are understood. Mock interviews and dry-run exercises are parts of the training.
Prior to data collection in the sample barangays, a courtesy call is made to barangay officials by the SRs to explain the nature and purpose of the survey and to seek permission for its conduct in their area. At the household level, the objectives of the survey are explained by the SRs as well as an assurance that the information collected are treated with utmost confidentiality. Average interview time per sample household ranged from 30 to 45 minutes.
The SRs use the local dialect in the interview in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the manual of instructions and as discussed during the training. Problems encountered by the SRs are reported to their supervisors for appropriate action. The accomplished questionnaires are first edited by SRs for completeness, consistency and acceptability of the entries before submitting to the supervisors.
Data processing
Prior to data encoding, the accomplished survey returns are manually edited and coded. Manual editing is checking of responses to the Palay Production Survey (PPS) questionnaire in terms of acceptability and validity. This activity aims at improving the quality of data collected by the SRs. It involves the checking of data items based on criteria like completeness of data, consistency with other data items and data ranges. Coding is the assignment of alpha-numeric codes to questionnaire items to facilitate encoding.
Encoded data are subjected to computerized editing using a customized editing program. The editing program take into consideration the validation criteria such as validity, completeness and consistency with other data items. This activity is done to capture invalid entries that were overlooked during manual editing. An error listing is produced as output of the process. The errors reflected in said lists are verified vis-à-vis the questionnaires. The data files are updated based on the corrections made. Editing and updating are performed iteratively until a clean, error-free data file is generated.
Completeness check is done to compare the data file against a master file of barangays to check if the sample barangays have been completely surveyed or not. This activity is done after a clean, error-free data file is generated.
Data appraisal
Not computed.
To ensure the quality of its statistical services, the PSA has mainstreamed in its statistical system for generating production statistics, a quarterly data review and validation process. This is undertaken at the provincial, regional and national levels to incorporate the impact of events not captured in the survey.
The data review process starts at the data collection stage and continues up to the processing and tabulation of results. However, data examination is formalized during the provincial data review since it is at this stage where the data at the province-level is analyzed as a whole. The process involves analyzing the survey data in terms of completeness, consistency among variables, trend and concentration of the data and presence of extreme observations. Correction of spotted errors in the data is done afterwards. The output of the process is a clean data file used in the re-computation of survey estimates.
The estimates generated from the clean data set are thoroughly analyzed and validated with auxiliary information to incorporate the impact of information and events not captured by the survey. These information include results of the Monthly Palay and Corn Survey Reporting System (MPCSRS), historical data series, report on weather condition, area and crop condition, irrigation, levels of inputs usage, supply and demand, marketing of agricultural products, and information on rice and corn program implementation.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Statistician | Philippine Statistics Authority | www.psa.gov.ph | info@psa.gov.ph |
The use of this dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the identification of the Primary Investigator (including country name)
- the full title of the survey and its acronym (when available), and the year(s) of implementation
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download (for datasets disseminated online)
Example:
Philippine Statistics Authority. Philippine Palay Production Survey (PPS) 2016, Ref. PHL_2016_PPS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The data users/researchers acknowledge that the PSA and the agency funding the study bear no liabilities and responsibilities for any particular, indirect, or consequential damages or any damages, whatsoever resulting from loss of use, or of data in connection with the use or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crops Statistics Division | Philippine Statistics Authority | csd.staff@psa.gov.ph | http://psa.gov.ph |