| Author(s) |
General Directorate of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, Dili, Timor-Leste The DHS Program, ICF, Rockville, Maryland, USA |
| Date |
2017-12-01 |
| Country |
Timor-Leste |
| Language |
English |
| Table of contents |
TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xix
READING AND UNDERSTANDING TABLES FROM THE 2016 TLDHS ...................................... xxi
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICATORS ................................................................ xxix
MAP OF TIMOR-LESTE ........................................................................................................................ xxx
1 INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY .............................................................. 1
1.1 Survey Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Sample Design ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Questionnaires ..................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Anthropometry and Anemia Testing ................................................................................... 4
1.5 Pretest .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.6 Training of Trainers ............................................................................................................. 5
1.7 Training of Field Staff ......................................................................................................... 5
1.8 Fieldwork ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.9 Data Processing ................................................................................................................... 6
1.10 Response Rates .................................................................................................................... 6
2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND HOUSEHOLD POPULATION ............................... 7
2.1 Drinking Water Sources and Treatment .............................................................................. 7
2.2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Exposure to Smoke inside the Home ................................................................................... 9
2.4 Household Wealth ............................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Handwashing ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.6 Household Population and Composition ........................................................................... 10
2.7 Children’s Living Arrangements and Parental Survival .................................................... 11
2.8 Birth Registration .............................................................................................................. 11
2.9 Education ........................................................................................................................... 12
2.9.1 Educational Attainment ....................................................................................... 12
2.9.2 School Attendance ............................................................................................... 13
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ............................................................................. 29
3.1 Basic Characteristics of Survey Respondents .................................................................... 29
3.2 Education and Literacy ...................................................................................................... 30
3.3 Mass Media Exposure ....................................................................................................... 31
3.4 Employment ...................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 Occupation ......................................................................................................................... 33
3.6 Tobacco Use ...................................................................................................................... 33
3.7 Alcohol Consumption ........................................................................................................ 34
4 MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY .................................................................................. 55
4.1 Marital Status ..................................................................................................................... 55
4.2 Polygyny ............................................................................................................................ 56
4.3 Age at First Marriage ......................................................................................................... 56
4.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse ......................................................................................... 57
4.5 Recent Sexual Activity ...................................................................................................... 58
5 FERTILITY ................................................................................................................................... 69
5.1 Current Fertility ................................................................................................................. 69
5.2 Children Ever Born and Living ......................................................................................... 70
5.3 Birth Intervals .................................................................................................................... 71
5.4 Insusceptibility to Pregnancy ............................................................................................. 72
5.5 Age at First Birth ............................................................................................................... 73
5.6 Teenage Childbearing ........................................................................................................ 73
6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 83
6.1 Desire for Another Child ................................................................................................... 83
6.2 Ideal Family Size ............................................................................................................... 84
6.3 Fertility Planning Status .................................................................................................... 85
6.4 Wanted Fertility Rates ....................................................................................................... 86
7 FAMILY PLANNING .................................................................................................................. 93
7.1 Contraceptive Knowledge and Use ................................................................................... 93
7.2 Source of Modern Contraceptive Methods ........................................................................ 96
7.3 Informed Choice ................................................................................................................ 96
7.4 Discontinuation of Contraceptives .................................................................................... 96
7.5 Demand for Family Planning ............................................................................................ 97
7.6 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers ....................................................... 98
8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY ...................................................................................... 117
8.1 Infant and Child Mortality ............................................................................................... 118
8.2 Biodemographic Risk Factors ......................................................................................... 119
8.3 Perinatal Mortality ........................................................................................................... 120
8.4 High-risk Fertility Behavior ............................................................................................ 120
9 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE ................................................................................................. 127
9.1 Antenatal Care Coverage ................................................................................................. 128
9.1.1 Skilled Providers ................................................................................................ 128
9.1.2 Timing and Number of ANC Visits ................................................................... 128
9.2 Components of ANC Visits ............................................................................................. 129
9.3 Protection against Neonatal Tetanus ............................................................................... 129
9.4 Delivery Services ............................................................................................................. 130
9.4.1 Institutional Deliveries ....................................................................................... 130
9.4.2 Skilled Assistance during Delivery .................................................................... 132
9.4.3 Delivery by Caesarean ....................................................................................... 132
9.5 Postnatal Care .................................................................................................................. 133
9.5.1 Postnatal Health Check for Mothers .................................................................. 133
9.5.2 Postnatal Health Checks for Newborns ............................................................. 133
9.6 Problems in Accessing Health Care ................................................................................ 134
10 CHILD HEALTH ........................................................................................................................ 155
10.1 Birth Weight .................................................................................................................... 155
10.2 Vaccination of Children ................................................................................................... 156
10.3 Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection ...................................................................... 158
10.4 Fever ................................................................................................................................ 158
10.5 Diarrheal Disease ............................................................................................................. 158
10.5.1 Prevalence of Diarrhea and Treatment Seeking Behavior ................................. 158
10.5.2 Feeding Practices during an Episode of Diarrhea .............................................. 159
10.5.3 Oral Rehydration Therapy and Other Treatments .............................................. 159
10.5.4 Knowledge of ORS Packets ............................................................................... 160
10.6 Treatment of Childhood Illness—Summary .................................................................... 160
10.7 Disposal of Children’s Stools .......................................................................................... 161
11 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS ........................................................................ 179
11.1 Nutritional Status of Children .......................................................................................... 179
11.1.1 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children .............................. 179
11.1.2 Data Collection .................................................................................................. 180
11.1.3 Malnutrition Prevalence in Children .................................................................. 181
11.2 Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices ...................................................................... 182
11.2.1 Breastfeeding ..................................................................................................... 182
11.2.2 Complementary Feeding .................................................................................... 183
11.2.3 Minimum Acceptable Diet ................................................................................. 184
11.3 Anemia Prevalence in Children ....................................................................................... 185
11.4 Presence of Iodized Salt in Households ........................................................................... 186
11.5 Micronutrient Intake and Supplementation among Children ........................................... 187
11.6 Adults’ Nutritional Status ................................................................................................ 187
11.6.1 Malnutrition Prevalence in Women ................................................................... 187
11.6.2 Malnutrition Prevalence in Men ........................................................................ 188
11.7 Anemia Prevalence in Adults .......................................................................................... 189
11.8 Micronutrient Supplementation and Deworming during Pregnancy ............................... 189
12 MALARIA ................................................................................................................................... 211
12.1 Ownership of Insecticide-Treated Nets ........................................................................... 211
12.2 Access to and Use of ITNs .............................................................................................. 213
12.3 Use of ITNs by Children and Pregnant Women .............................................................. 214
12.4 Case Management of Malaria in Children ....................................................................... 215
12.5 Prevalence of Low Hemoglobin in Children ................................................................... 216
13 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOR .......................... 229
13.1 HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention Methods .................................... 229
13.2 Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission ........................................................... 231
13.3 Discriminatory Attitudes towards People Living with HIV ............................................ 232
13.4 Multiple Sexual Partners ................................................................................................. 233
13.5 Paid Sex ........................................................................................................................... 233
13.6 Coverage of HIV Testing Services .................................................................................. 233
13.6.1 Awareness of HIV Testing Services and Experience with HIV Testing ........... 233
13.6.2 HIV Testing of Pregnant Women ...................................................................... 234
13.7 Male Circumcision .......................................................................................................... 234
13.8 Self-reporting of Sexually Transmitted Infections .......................................................... 235
13.9 HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Behavior among Young People ............................. 235
13.9.1 Knowledge ......................................................................................................... 235
13.9.2 First Sex ............................................................................................................. 236
13.9.3 Premarital Sex .................................................................................................... 236
13.9.4 Multiple Sexual Partners .................................................................................... 236
13.9.5 Coverage of HIV Testing Services .................................................................... 236
14 ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY ............................................................................. 261
14.1 Data ................................................................................................................................. 261
14.2 Direct Estimates of Adult Mortality ................................................................................ 262
14.3 Trends in Adult Mortality ................................................................................................ 263
14.4 Direct Estimates of Maternal Mortality ........................................................................... 263
14.5 Trends in Pregnancy-Related Mortality ........................................................................... 264
15 WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT ................................................................................................ 269
15.1 Married Women’s and Men’s Employment .................................................................... 270
15.2 Control over Women’s Earnings ..................................................................................... 271
15.3 Control over Men’s Earnings .......................................................................................... 272
15.4 Women’s and Men’s Ownership of Assets ..................................................................... 272
15.5 Bank Accounts and Mobile Phones ................................................................................. 273
15.6 Participation in Decision Making .................................................................................... 274
15.7 Attitudes toward Wife Beating ........................................................................................ 275
15.8 Negotiating Sexual Relations .......................................................................................... 276
16 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ........................................................................................................... 299
16.1 Measurement of Violence ................................................................................................ 299
16.2 Women’s Experience of Physical Violence .................................................................... 300
16.2.1 Perpetrators of Physical Violence ...................................................................... 301
16.3 Experience of Sexual Violence ........................................................................................ 301
16.4 Experience of Different Forms of Violence .................................................................... 301
16.5 Marital Control by Husband ............................................................................................ 302
16.6 Forms of Spousal Violence .............................................................................................. 302
16.6.1 Prevalence of Spousal Violence ......................................................................... 302
16.7 Injuries to Women due to Spousal Violence ................................................................... 304
16.8 Violence Initiated by Women against Husbands ............................................................. 304
16.9 Help-Seeking among Women Who Have Experienced Violence ................................... 305
16.10 Family Support ................................................................................................................ 305
16.11 Parental Behavior ............................................................................................................ 306
17 DISABILITY ............................................................................................................................... 325
17.1 Disability by Domain and Age ........................................................................................ 325
17.2 Disability among Adults by Other Background Characteristics ...................................... 326
18 NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES ....................................................................................... 331
18.1 Blood Pressure Screening and Status .............................................................................. 331
18.2 Blood Sugar Screening and Status ................................................................................... 332
18.3 Other NCDs ..................................................................................................................... 332
18.4 Desired Health Care Services .......................................................................................... 333
19 TUBERCULOSIS ....................................................................................................................... 347
19.1 Respondents’ Knowledge of Tuberculosis ...................................................................... 347
19.1.1 Awareness of Tuberculosis ................................................................................ 347
19.1.2 Knowledge of Symptoms Associated with Tuberculosis ................................... 348
19.1.3 Knowledge of the Cause of Tuberculosis and Its Mode of Transmission .......... 348
19.2 Reporting and Seeking Treatment ................................................................................... 349
19.2.1 Reporting a Family Member’s Diagnosis .......................................................... 349
19.2.2 Treatment Seeking for Tuberculosis Symptoms ................................................ 349
20 YOUTH ........................................................................................................................................ 357
20.1 Free Time......................................................................................................................... 357
20.2 Source of Advice and Reproductive Health Information ................................................ 358
20.3 Delivery of Reproductive Health Information ................................................................. 359
20.4 Advice for Beginning Relationships ................................................................................ 359
21 EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................. 375
21.1 Early Childhood Education ............................................................................................. 375
21.2 Childhood Learning ......................................................................................................... 376
21.2.1 Support for Learning .......................................................................................... 376
21.2.2 Children’s Books and Playthings ....................................................................... 377
21.3 Adequate Care for Young Children ................................................................................. 378
21.4 Developmentally On Track ............................................................................................. 378
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................... 387
APPENDIX A SAMPLE DESIGN ........................................................................................................ 389
A.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 389
A.2 Sampling Frame ............................................................................................................... 389
A.3 Sampling Procedure and Sample Allocation ................................................................... 390
A.4 Sampling Probability and Sampling Weights .................................................................. 391
APPENDIX B ESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERRORS ................................................................... 393
APPENDIX C DATA QUALITY TABLES ......................................................................................... 413
APPENDIX D SURVEY PERSONNEL ............................................................................................... 419
APPENDIX E QUESTIONNAIRES ..................................................................................................... 423 |
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https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR329/FR329.pdf |
