| Table of contents |
Executive Summary..................................................................................................................... v
Chapter 1: Survey Objectives, Design, and Implementation..................................................... 1
1.1 Background and Objectives..................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Sample Design........................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2: Demography, Education, and Health....................................................................... 7
2.1 Household Demography.......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Average Household Size, Age Distribution, and Dependency Ratio.................... 7
2.1.2 Marital Status............................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Education................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Years of Education....................................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Literacy.......................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.3 Attendance.................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.4 School Proximity......................................................................................................... 11
2.2.5 Education Expenditure............................................................................................... 12
2.3 Health......................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Consultation for Health and Type of Facility Visited ............................................ 14
2.3.2 Health Expenditure..................................................................................................... 16
2.3.3 Travel Time to Health Consultation Facility............................................................ 16
2.3.4 Child Anthropometrics.............................................................................................. 17
Chapter 3: Housing Characteristics and Household Assets....................................................... 21
3.1 Housing Characteristics: Ownership, Structure, Facilities.................................................. 21
3.1.1 Housing Ownership.................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2 Number of Rooms, Floor, Wall, and Roof Characteristics..................................... 22
3.1.3 Energy Sources............................................................................................................. 23
3.1.4 Water Sources, Sewer and Refuse Facilities.............................................................. 25
3.2 Household Assets...................................................................................................................... 29
3.2.1 Household Furniture................................................................................................... 29
3.2.2 Information Communication Technology............................................................... 29
Chapter 4: Consumption, Food Security, and Shocks................................................................ 33
4.1 Consumption and Expenditure.............................................................................................. 33
4.1.1 Food Consumption and Expenditure: Past Seven Days......................................... 33
4.1.2 Nonfood Expenditures—Non-Durable Goods: 30 Days Reference..................... 37
4.1.3 Nonfood Expenditures—Durable Goods: Six Months Reference......................... 41
4.1.4 Nonfood Expenditures—Durable and Non-Durable Goods: 12 Months Reference ................................ 41
4.2 Food Security............................................................................................................................ 46
4.2.1 Food Availability and Shortages................................................................................ 46
4.3 Shocks, Safety Nets, and Coping Mechanisms...................................................................... 48
4.3.1 Shocks and Coping Mechanisms............................................................................... 48
4.3.2 Safety Nets.................................................................................................................... 49
Chapter 5: Income Generating Activities, Labour, and Time Use............................................. 51
5.1 Labour Participation in Income Generating Activities....................................................... 51
5.1.1 Time Use ...................................................................................................................... 57
5.1.2 Agricultural Activities................................................................................................. 57
5.1.3 Nonagricultural Activities.......................................................................................... 59
5.2 Nonfarm Enterprises................................................................................................................ 60
5.2.1 Constraints to Nonfarm Enterprises......................................................................... 60
5.3 Remittances and Other Income.............................................................................................. 64
Chapter 6: Agriculture................................................................................................................ 65
6.1 Participation in Agricultural Activities.................................................................................. 65
6.2 Land ........................................................................................................................................... 66
6.2.1 Land Tenure.................................................................................................................. 66
6.2.2 Land Use....................................................................................................................... 69
6.3 Input Use.................................................................................................................................... 69
6.3.1 Labour........................................................................................................................... 71
6.4 Crop Cultivation and Use........................................................................................................ 73
6.5 Post-Harvest Activities............................................................................................................. 76
6.6 Livestock.................................................................................................................................... 77
6.7 Extension Services.................................................................................................................... 79
6.8 Agricultural Asset Ownership................................................................................................. 80 |
