World Values Survey 1990-1994, Wave 2
Argentina, Brazil, Switzerland...and 14 more, 1990 - 1994
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WLD_1990-1994_WVS-W2_v01_M
World Values Survey 1990-1994
Wave 2
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Argentina | ARG |
| Brazil | BRA |
| Switzerland | CHE |
| Chile | CHL |
| China | CHN |
| Czech Republic | CZE |
| Spain | ESP |
| India | IND |
| Japan | JPN |
| Korea, Rep. | KOR |
| Mexico | MEX |
| Nigeria | NGA |
| Poland | POL |
| Russian Federation | RUS |
| Slovak Republic | SVK |
| Turkiye | TUR |
| South Africa | ZAF |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
World Values Survey Wave 2 1990-1994 covers 18 countries and societies around the world and 24,558 respondents. The series includes the following waves:
Wave 6 (2010-2014)
Wave 5 (2005-2009)
Wave 4 (1999-2004)
Wave 3 (1995-1998)
Wave 2 (1990-1994)
Wave 1 (1981-1984)
The World Values Survey (www.worldvaluessurvey.org) is a global network of social scientists studying changing values and their impact on social and political life, led by an international team of scholars, with the WVS association and secretariat headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.
The survey, which started in 1981, seeks to use the most rigorous, high-quality research designs in each country. The WVS consists of nationally representative surveys conducted in almost 100 countries which contain almost 90 percent of the world’s population, using a common questionnaire. The WVS is the largest non-commercial, cross-national, time series investigation of human beliefs and values ever executed, currently including interviews with almost 400,000 respondents. Moreover the WVS is the only academic study covering the full range of global variations, from very poor to very rich countries, in all of the world’s major cultural zones.
The WVS seeks to help scientists and policy makers understand changes in the beliefs, values and motivations of people throughout the world. Thousands of political scientists, sociologists, social psychologists, anthropologists and economists have used these data to analyze such topics as economic development, democratization, religion, gender equality, social capital, and subjective well-being. These data have also been widely used by government officials, journalists and students, and groups at the World Bank have analyzed the linkages between cultural factors and economic development.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household
Individual
Version
- v2.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for public distribution.
Version history: 2014-04-29: Official release
NOTE: Study on values realized in the countries of Europe by EVS research network is not included into the current data-set and is avaliable for both downloading and online-analysis at: http://www.europeanvaluesstudy.eu
Coverage
Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, India, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Russia, Turkey
WVS surveys are required to cover all residents (not only citizens) between the ages of 18 and 85, inclusive. PI's can lower the minimum age limit as long as the minimum required sample size for the 18+ population (N=1200) is achieved.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| R. Inglehart | World Values Survey Programme |
| C. Haerpfer | World Values Survey Programme |
| A. Moreno | World Values Survey Programme |
| C. Welzel | World Values Survey Programme |
| K. Kizilova | World Values Survey Programme |
| J. Diez-Medrano | World Values Survey Programme |
| M. Lagos | World Values Survey Programme |
| P. Norris | World Values Survey Programme |
| E. Ponarin | World Values Survey Programme |
| B. Puranen | World Values Survey Programme |
Sampling
Wave 2 covers 18 countries and societies around the world and 24,558 respondents.
The minimum sample size - i.e. the number of completed interviews which are included into the national data-set in the most of countries is 1200. Samples must be representative of all people in the age 18 and older residing within private households in each country, regardless of their nationality, citizenship or language. Whether the sampling method is full probability or a combination of probability and stratified, the national team should aim at obtaining as many Primary Sampling Units (starting points in case of random route sampling) in the sample as possible. It is highly recommended that a number of respondents per a PSU (or a route in case of random route sample) is not exceeding 10 respondents. It is possible to have several Primary Sampling Units per one settlement; they should be located in quite a good distance from each other. WVSA requires a complete explanation of proposed sampling procedures before the beginning of the survey fieldwork.
Survey instrument
For each wave, suggestions for questions are solicited by social scientists from all over the world and a final master questionnaire is developed in English. Since the start in 1981 each successive wave has covered a broader range of societies than the previous one. Analysis of the data from each wave has indicated that certain questions tapped interesting and important concepts while others were of little value. This has led to the more useful questions or themes being replicated in future waves while the less useful ones have been dropped making room for new questions.
The questionnaire is translated into the various national languages and in many cases independently translated back to English to check the accuracy of the translation. In most countries, the translated questionnaire is pre-tested to help identify questions for which the translation is problematic. In some cases certain problematic questions are omitted from the national questionnaire.
WVS requires implementation of the common questionnaire fully and faithfully, in all countries included into one wave. Any alteration to the original questionnaire has to be approved by the EC. Omission of no more than a maximum of 12 questions in any given country can be allowed.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 1994 |
The main method of data collection in the WVS survey is face-to-face interview at respondent’s home / place of residence. Respondent’s answers could be recorded in a paper questionnaire (traditional way) or by CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview). The approval of the Scientific Advisory Committee in writing is necessary for application of any methods of data collection other than face-to-face interview.
Following the sampling, each country is left with a representative national sample of its public. These persons are then interviewed during a limited time frame decided by the Executive Committee of the World Values Survey using the uniformly structured questionnaires. The survey is carried out by professional organizations using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews for remote areas. Each country has a Principal Investigator (social scientists working in academic institutions) who is responsible for conducting the survey in accordance with the fixed rules and procedures. During the field work, the agency has to report in writing according to a specific check-list. Internal consistency checks are made between the sampling design and the outcome and rigorous data cleaning procedures are followed at the WVS data archive. No country is included in a wave before full documentation has been delivered. This means a data set with the completed methodological questionnaire and a report of country-specific information (for example important political events during the fieldwork, problems particular to the country). Once all the surveys are completed, the Principal Investigator has access to all surveys and data.
Non-response is an issue of increasing concern in sample surveys. Investigators are expected to make every reasonable effort to minimize non-response.
In countries using a full probability design, no replacements are allowed. PIs should plan on as many call-backs as the funding will allow. In countries using some form of quota sampling, every effort should be made to interview the first contact.
Access policy
World Values Survey
World Values Survey
http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp
Cost: None
Data Access
Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen et al. (eds.). 2014. World Values Survey: Round Two - Country-Pooled Datafile Version: www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV2.jsp. Madrid: JD Systems Institute.
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director of the WVSA Archive | WVSA Data Archive | jdiezmed@jdsurvey.net | http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org |
Metadata production
DDI_WLD_1990-1994_WVS-W2_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2020-02-26
Metadata version
Version 01 (March 2020)