Welfare Monitoring Survey 2015-2016
Ethiopia, 2015 - 2016
Get MicrodataIdentification
ETH_2015_WMS_v01_M
Welfare Monitoring Survey 2015-2016
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire [hh/cwiq]
WMS has been conducted together with HCES in 1995/96, 1999/2000 and 2004/05 and has also been carried out alone in 1997 and 1998. Several reports have been produced based on the previous surveys including the statistical reports produced by CSA. These are reports on the 1995/96 HICES and WMS, report on the 1999/2000 HICES and WMS, summary reports for the 1999/2000 HICES and WMS and report on the 1998 WMS survey as well as the two in-depth analytical reports on poverty situation of the country produced by Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. Unlike the previous surveys of 2004/05 & 2010/11, the 2015/16 survey include the nutritional status of a children aged 3-59 months.
In order to meet the data needs of the Welfare Monitoring System, the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) has been conducting Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey (HCES) and Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS) since 1995/96. HCES and WMS surveys provide crucially useful and poverty related information for the designing and monitoring and evaluation of the country's poverty reduction strategy, Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP), various socio-economic policies and programs and hence monitor the progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the recent sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The two surveys are inseparable and provide basic data that reflect the standard of living of households, individuals and the society as a whole.
HCES basically provides data on consumption and expenditure of households that reflect the income dimension of poverty while WMS aims at providing socioeconomic data that reflects the non-income dimension of poverty. WMS provides basic indicators on the various socioeconomic areas including health, education, access to and utilization and satisfaction of basic facilities/services and related non-income aspects of poverty.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Individuals
- Households
Version
v0.1: Edited and anonymized data.
2020-03-25
Scope
The scope of the Welfare Monitoring Survey includes:
- Households: Housing standard and amenities, household’s living condition indicators, basic facilities and services, and land and dwellings ownership status
- Household Members: Demographic characteristics, economic activity, education, health, nutritional status, child care, and breastfeeding, and harmful traditional practice
Coverage
- National Coverage
- Rural and Urban
- Sedentary / Pastoralist areas
- All sub-cities of Addis Ababa, and all zones of Affar, Amhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa Administration, Gambella, Harari, Oromiya, Southern Nations, Nationalities And Peoples’ Region (SNNPR), Somali, and Tigray.
- Rural/Urban
- Major urban centers
- Medium towns
- Small size towns
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency (CSA) | Government of Ethiopia |
| National Planning Commission (NPC) | Government of Ethiopia |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Development Assistance Group | |
| World Food Programme | Provided tablets for data collection |
| United Nations Children's Fund | Provided iodine test kit |
Sampling
Sampling Frame:
The 2007 Population and Housing Census was used as a sampling frame from which the rural and urban EAs were selected. A fresh list of households for each selected EA was prepared at the beginning of the survey period. Households were then selected for inclusion in the survey by choosing a random number as a starting point in the list and selecting every nth household (n being the necessary number to achieve the desired number households in each sample EA).
Sample Design:
In order to produce a representative sample, the country was stratified into the following four broad categories; rural, major urban centers, medium towns and small size towns.
Category I - Rural:- In this category the rural areas of all Regional States as well as the rural part of Dire Dawa City Administration are included. The rural part of each Regional State as well as Dire Dawa City Administration were considered to be a survey domain (i.e., reporting level) for which the major findings of the survey are reported. Accordingly, a total of 10 survey domains were formed under this category. There was no domain in this category for Addis Ababa City Administration because the region doesn’t have the rural part. A stratified two-stage cluster sample design was adopted to select EAs and HHs, where EAs are the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) and the Second Sampling Units (SSUs).
Category II - Major urban centers: - In this category all regional capitals (9 cities), twelve additional major urban centers with larger populations as well as 10 sub cities of Addis Ababa resulting in a total of 31 major urban domains were included. The survey was designed to provide an estimate for all 31 urban centers (including 10 sub cities of A.A.) included under this category. In this category too, a stratified two stage cluster sample design was adopted to select the primary sampling units (the EAs). Sixteen households from each of the primary sampling units (EAs) in each reporting level were then selected as a Second Stage Unit (SSU).
Category III & IV - Other urban centers:- Urban centers in the country, other than those under category II, were grouped under category III & IV. A domain of other urban centers was formed for eight regions. There is no domain in category III & IV for Harari Regional State and Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa City Administration as they do not have urban centers other than those grouped under category II. Unlike the above two categories, a stratified three stage cluster sample design was adopted to select sample towns, EAS & HHs. In this case the primary sampling units were towns, whereas, enumeration areas and households were the secondary & the third stage sampling units respectively.
Sample Size and Selection Scheme:
Category I - A total of 864 primary sampling units (EAs) and 10368 households were selected from this category. Sample EAs of each reporting level were selected using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) techniques; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. Twelve households per EA were systematically selected from the fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey.
Category II - In this category 744 EAs and 11,904 households were selected. Sample EAs from each reporting level in this category were also selected using probability proportional to size with systematic sampling techniques; size being number of households obtained from the 2007 Population and Housing Census. Sixteen households in each of the selected EAs were systematically selected from a fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey.
Category III & IV - One hundred seven urban centers, 498 EAs and 7,968 households were selected in these two categories. Urban centers from each domain as well as EAs in each urban center were selected systematically using the PPS techniques; size being the number of households of the 2007 Census. Sixteen households in each of the selected EAs were systematically selected from a fresh list of households prepared at the beginning of the survey.
All the rural sampled EAs and households were fully covered by the survey. Similarly, in urban areas all EAs were fully covered by the survey. However, with respect to households, out of the 19,872 sample households, only 3 households were not covered by the survey, which gives a total response rate of 99.99%.At the end, it was possible to obtain complete and cleaned raw data set from 30,237 households
Survey instrument
Even though most of data collection was done by CAPI, for the purpose of training and understanding of the subject matter A3 size paper questionnaire was prepared by the experts of the directorate. The content of the questionnaire was divided in to nine sections:
- Demographic Characteristics and Economic Activity
- Education
- Health
- Nutritional status, Child Care and Breast Feeding
- Housing Standard and Amenities
- Household’s Living Condition Indicators
- Access, Utilization and Satisfaction of Basic Facilities/Services
- Land and Dwellings Ownership Status, utilization of Land and Other
- Harmful traditional practice
More details on the questionnaire are provided as external resources.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2015-07-08 | 2016-07-07 |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Statistical Agency | The Government of Ethiopia |
In the process of data collection, a two-time field supervision by all experts of the directorate was undertaken at the beginning and at the end of the survey time. The permanent field supervisors/ field editors were assigned to take care of the day-to-day supervision activities. Branch office statisticians and heads of the branch offices were also involved in a regular supervision. Most of the professionals that were engaged in the training of the field staff were also involved on the actual field supervision.
Welfare Monitoring Survey data collection has taken place from 8 July 2015 to 7 July 2016. All together a total of 267 enumerators and 89 supervisors/ field editors with an average supervisor enumerator ratio of 1 to 3, 25 heads of branch offices and 25 statisticians were involved in the field work. To undertake the fieldwork, depending on the availability and the situation, four-wheel-drive vehicles and the public transportations were used to deploy the working team all over the branch offices.
Interview method was basically used to collect data on population characteristics, education, health, household based modules such as accessibility of facilities, household amenities, etc. On the other hand, an Objective measurement method was used to collect anthropometric data like height and weight of children aged 3-59 months. In addition, whether the salt consumed by sampled households was iodized or not examined objectively using the iodine test kit.
The 2015/16 WMS data, unlike the previous WM surveys was collected side by side with Household consumption and expenditure survey (HCES ) for one full year in order to avoid any inconsistency of data between the two surveys, that could be observed due to differences in data collection period. In addition, the 2015/16 WMS/HCES surveys data collection was carried out using electronic device CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview). It should be noted that in addition to the theoretical training, CSA has provided training about how to collect data using CAPI.
Data processing
The data processing activities were undertaken at the branch office particularly in the enumeration areas where the WMS data was collected. The first stage of data processing activity was training of field editors/supervisor which was held at the head office by subject matter Directorate staffs. The training was given in Addis Ababa during the time of field staff training. About 89 field editors/supervisors were engaged in the manual editing and coding activities which lasted for about 13 days. Data collection and data entry was done simultaneously by the enumerator using CAPI.
The new additional variables appeared during the data collection were inserted to the existing questionnaire were thoroughly done by the expert of the directorate. The difficult part is checking the consistency of the demographic part of both WMS & HCES. Machine data cleaning, estimation with proper sampling weights and tabulation activities were carried out procedurally by the professional staff from the Household Survey and Price Statistics Directorate at the head office. The Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) complemented by CSPRO software were used for data entry, consistency checks and tabulation of survey results.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Statistics Agency (CSA) | The Government of Ethiopia | https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et | info@csa.gov.et |
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example:
The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia. Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS) 2015-2016. Ref. ETH_2015_WMS_v01_M. Downloaded from http://www.csa.gov.et. on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| Central Statistics Agency (CSA) | government of Ethiopia | https://www.statsethiopia.gov.et |
Metadata production
DDI_ETH_2015_WMS_v01_M_WB
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
| The Sub-Saharan Team for Statistical Development | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
2020-03-20
Metadata version
Version 0.1 (March 2020)