The purpose of this study is the search for determinants of health expenditure of poor households in Cameroon. The study is the evaluation of the national health system in Cameroon and lists the challenges facing health centers. To achieve the results of the study, it was used a descriptive method of multiple correspondence analysis and an econometric model of left censoring of zero called Tobit. These results show that health expenditure of households are determined by the disease suffered by household members, the validity of the ticket sale that allows the patient to be diagnosed by a physician, examinations performed in the hospital and the educational level of head of household. These results lead to recommendations to improve access to health care for poor households and the assumption by the state of certain health expenses, monitoring / evaluation of socio-demographic indicators.