Impact Evaluation of the Healthy Villages and School National Program 2022-2023
Endline
Congo, Dem. Rep., 2022 - 2023
Get MicrodataIdentification
COD_2022_VEAIE-EL_v01_M
Impact Evaluation of the Healthy Villages and School National Program 2022-2023
Endline
VEAIE-EL 2022-23
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Congo, Dem. Rep. | COD |
Other Household Survey [hh/oth]
The People’s Water: A Randomized Control Trial of a Community-Driven Water, Health and Sanitation Program in the D. R. Congo
This impact evaluation encompasses an experimental study to evaluate the National Program “Villages et Ecoles Assainis (VEA)”, in English, Healthy Villages and Schools, a WASH program in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The considered WASH intervention is the ‘healthy village’ component of the program, co-led by the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Primary, Secondary, and Professional Education, with support from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The experiment assesses the impacts of the creation of new institutions, funding for new or improved infrastructure, and a behavior change campaign, all within a locally-led process of targeting and implementation.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household, village, child (Intended Beneficiaries)
Version
Version 01: Endline surveys for the VEA program - edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution.
The dataset has endline data from the Impact Evaluation of the Healthy Villages and School program from 3,283 households and 329 villages across 4 provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Kasai Central, Kasai, Kongo Central and South Kivu.
Scope
The scope of the study covered the following topics:
• Household characteristics
• Observed hygiene behavior and practice
• Child health and growth faltering
• Water access
• Water governance
• Program activities
• Behavior • Sanitation
• Simple measures of wealth/Socioeconomics status
• Mental Health and well-being
• Perceptions about the VEA program
• WASH committee
• Opinions about the VEA program
• WASH infrastructure type
• Financing and management
• Water point functionality
• Water points water quality
• Household water quality
Coverage
The experiment collected endline data from 3,283 households in 329 villages (forming 171 village clusters) across 4 provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Kasai Central, Kasai, Kongo Central and South Kivu.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Aidan Coville | World Bank |
| John Quattrochi | Georgetown University |
| Kevin Croke | Harvard University |
| Eric Mvukiyehe | Duke University |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Luca Stanus Ghib | World Bank | Research Assistant |
| Caleb Jeremie Dohou | World Bank | Research Assistant/Field Coordinator |
| Yannick Bokasola Lokaya | World Bank | Field Coordinator |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office | FCDO | Sponsor |
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) | Implementing partner |
| Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Primary, Secondary, and Professional Education | DRC Government |
Sampling
The endline study covered 329 villages from 4 province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), namely, Kasai Central, Kasai, South Kivu and Kongo Central provinces. It is a follow-up study of an initial study that was conducted 3.6 years earlier. The endline study included 121 village clusters across provinces, 50 in treatment group (having received the VEA program) and 71 in the comparison group.
The study includes different sub-components, namely, a household survey including structured observations, a village leadership survey, a village leadership survey, a village water point mapping survey, a household water quality test survey, and an anthropometrics measurement survey. We sampled 3,283 households including 1,243 structured observations households, 653 leaders (comprising village chiefs and leaders of WASH committees or other village associations), 587 water samples from community water points, 1,952 stored water samples in 6/10 study households, and 2,374 children under five from eligible households.
The endline (3.6-year follow-up) village level and household level response rates were 99%. From 331 villages targeted for the endline by the study, 329 were reached. At the household level, over the 3310 targeted households, 3283 were reached.
As part of the 3283 households, there are 1312 households that were surveyed at midline (5-month follow-up). Of the 1,312 respondents in 328 villages interviewed for the 5-month follow-up, 1,133 (86%) in 327 villages were re-interviewed at the 3.6-year follow-up, between November 24, 2022 and February 10, 2023. We also reached two villages that were not accessible during 5-month follow-up. In 39 households with a 5-month follow-up interview, a new respondent was interviewed at 3.6 years, and 140 households (11%) were replaced between 5-month and 3.6-year follow-ups. Additionally, in each village at the 3.6-year follow-up, six never-previously-interviewed households were randomly selected, conditional on having lived in the village for at least four years, yielding 1,970 interviews (in four villages, only five households were reached). Thus, at 3.6 years, we interviewed a total of 3,283 households.
Survey instrument
The questionnaires were developed according to the study objectives and with inputs from the midline questionnaires, the Demographic and Health Survey, the WASH benefits and SHINE Trials survey.
The study includes 5 surveys as presented below with their relevant modules:
• Household Survey
o Household characteristics
o Structured observations
o Children roster
o Water access
o Water governance
o Program activities
o Behavior
o Sanitation
o Simple measures of wealth/Socioeconomics status
o Mental Health
o Perceptions about the VEA program
• Village Leadership Survey
o Intervention interference tracking
o Other essential services and infrastructure
o Village history
o Village-state-society relations
o VEA program implementation and revisits
o WASH committee
o Opinions about the VEA program
o Village administration
• Water Point Mapping Survey
o Community water point mapping and accessibility
o Infrastructure type
o Financing and management
o Functionality
o Water quality
• Household Water Quality Test Survey
o HH water quality testing
o Water test results
• Anthropometric Measurements Survey
o Child roster
o Weight and height measurements of selected children from 0-5 years old
The questionnaires were programmed as a computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) instrument using SurveyCTO, ensuring a standardized approach to data collection and minimizing the likelihood of different interpretations or understandings of the questions among enumerators and supervisors. The programmed questionnaires also went through a rigorous review process to facilitate a smooth flow of questions and collection of accurate data. The questionnaires were translated into Lingala, Kikongo, Swahili, and Tshiluba to accommodate respondents’ language preferences across the four impact evaluation provinces.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-11-24 | 2023-04-07 | Endline |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Innovative Hub for Research in Africa | IHfRA |
During data collection, different quality checks were implemented to ensure collection of high-quality data. These included High frequency checks (HFC), spot-checks and backchecks. HFCs were developed and run by the World Bank research team to flag any data quality issues observed in the data. On the ground, both IHfRA and the research team conducted field spot-checks and back-checks to ensure compliance of enumerators with field protocol and adherence to the research ethics. Feedback was provided daily to the field teams, clarifying and reporting any data ambiguities, and addressing data collector performance issues. These checks were supplemented with audio audit checks to ensure the data was of the highest quality.
The endline data collection activities for the study were conducted between November 2022 and April 2023. The questionnaires were digitized using SurveyCTO, with technical assistance and quality control provided by the impact evaluation team at the World Bank.
Data processing
The data was cleaned and labelled using the Stata statistical software to produce the endline report and academic paper.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Aidan Coville | World Bank | acoville@worldbank.org |
Dataset(s) shared by the Licensor may be used by all World Bank Staff. Additionally, the Licensor authorizes the World Bank to redistribute the Dataset(s) externally per the applicable 'non-open' License.
Publications, books, articles, blogs, conference papers, reports or other Derivative Works employing data obtained under this Agreement will cite the source and the Dataset(s), in line with academic good practice as suggested below:
• Author or creator - the person(s), organization, issuing agency or agencies responsible for creating the Dataset
• Date of publication - the year the Dataset was published, posted or otherwise released to the public (not the date of the subject matter).
• Title or description - complete title or if no title exists, create a brief description of the Dataset, including time period covered in the data, if applicable
• Publisher - entity (organization, database, archive, journal) responsible for hosting the Dataset
• URL or DOI - the unique identifier if the Dataset is online
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Aidan Coville | World Bank | acoville@worldbank.org |
| Caleb Jeremie Dohou | World Bank | cdohou@worldbank.org |
Metadata production
DDI_COD_2022_VEAIE-EL_v01_M_WB
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the survey |
2025-04-02
Metadata version
Version 01 (April 2025)