Census of Scotland, 1871 - IPUMS Subset
United Kingdom [Scotland], 1871
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Reference ID
GBR_1871_PHC-SCT_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
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Secretary of State, IPUMS
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Sep 03, 2025
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Sep 03, 2025
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- GBR1871_PHC-SCT-H-H
- GBR1871_PHC-SCT-P-H
Occupation of household head (UK1871B_H_OCC)
Data file: GBR1871_PHC-SCT-P-H
Overview
Type:
Discrete
Start:
630
End:
632
Width:
3
Range:
-
Format:
Numeric
Questions and instructions
Literal question
<span class="h3">Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, Profession or Occupation."</span></p>
<p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p>
<p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p>
<p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p>
<p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p>
<p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p>
<p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p>
<p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p>
<p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p>
<p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p>
<p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p>
<p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p>
<p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p>
<p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p>
<p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p>
<p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p>
<p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p>
<p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p>
<p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p>
<p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p>
<p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p>
<p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p>
<p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p>
<p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p>
<p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p>
<p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p>
<p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p>
<p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p>
<p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span>
<br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant</p>
<p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span>
<br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p>
<p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."]
<p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p>
<p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p>
<p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p>
<p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p>
<p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p>
<p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p>
<p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p>
<p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p>
<p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p>
<p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p>
<p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p>
<p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p>
<p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p>
<p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p>
<p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p>
<p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p>
<p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p>
<p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p>
<p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p>
<p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p>
<p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p>
<p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p>
<p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p>
<p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p>
<p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p>
<p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p>
<p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p>
<p><span class="em">2. Relation to head of family</span>
<br />State whether wife, son, daughter, or other relative, visitor, boarder, etc., or servant</p>
<p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span>
<br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p>
<p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."]
Categories
| Value | Category |
|---|---|
| 001 | Post office telegraphists and telephone operators |
| 002 | Other post office officers and clerks |
| 003 | Postmen |
| 004 | Post office messengers, etc. |
| 005 | Members of parliament, ministers of the crown and peers |
| 006 | Other civil service officers and clerks |
| 007 | Prison officers |
| 008 | Senior officials and others in East India service |
| 009 | Other civil service messengers, etc. (including porters) |
| 010 | Prison service messengers, etc. |
| 011 | Police |
| 012 | Poor law service |
| 013 | Municipal, parish, and other local or county officers |
| 014 | Muicipal, parish, and local or county sheriffs and clerks |
| 015 | Municipal, parish, and other local or county workers |
| 016 | Librarians |
| 017 | Army officers (effective) |
| 018 | Milita and yeomanry officers (effective) |
| 019 | Army officers (retired) |
| 020 | Soldiers and non:commissioned officers |
| 021 | Militia and yeomanry men |
| 022 | Officers of the navy (effective) |
| 024 | Men of the navy (including coastguards) |
| 025 | Officers of the marines (effective) |
| 027 | Men of the marines |
| 028 | Clergyman of the established church (Church of England in England and Wales, church of Scotland in Scotland) |
| 029 | Roman Catholic priest |
| 030 | Minister, priest, of United Free Church |
| 032 | Minister, priest, of United Presbyterian church |
| 033 | Minister, priest, of other religious bodies |
| 034 | Itinerant preacher, scripture reader, mission worker |
| 035 | Monks |
| 036 | Nun, sister of charity |
| 037 | Church, chapel, cemetery: officer, etc. |
| 038 | Barrister, advocate |
| 039 | Solicitor |
| 040 | Law clerk |
| 041 | Others connected with law |
| 042 | Physician, surgeon, registered practitioner, including poor law hospitals doctors, etc. |
| 043 | Dentists and dentists assistants |
| 044 | Veterinary surgeons |
| 045 | Midwives |
| 046 | Nurses (medical not domestic) including poor law nurses |
| 047 | Hospital sick nurses |
| 048 | Medical assistants |
| 049 | Subordinate medical service (unqualified) and medical services: general |
| 050 | Hospital workers general (default) |
| 051 | Hospital medical service |
| 052 | Schoolmasters and teachers (default) |
| 053 | University teachers |
| 054 | School service (pupil teachers) |
| 055 | Others connected with education: school service general, attendants, clerks, etc. |
| 056 | Authors, editors, journalists and creative advertising workers |
| 057 | Reporters and shorthand writers |
| 058 | Others in writing |
| 059 | Engaged in scientific pursuits (including inventors and scientific qualifiers) |
| 060 | Others scientific |
| 061 | Others connected with literature, etc., literary and scientific institution service |
| 062 | Others connected with literature, etc., political and election agents |
| 063 | Librarians (literary, scientific society) |
| 064 | Mining engineers |
| 065 | Civil engineers |
| 066 | Land, house, or ship surveyor |
| 067 | Mining engineers assistant |
| 068 | Civil engineers assistants |
| 069 | Surveyors assistant |
| 070 | Painters (artists) |
| 071 | Sculptors (artists) |
| 072 | Architects |
| 073 | Engravers (artists) and lithographic artists |
| 074 | Map, chart geographical engravers |
| 075 | Photographers |
| 076 | Musician, music master, singer (not teachers) |
| 077 | Actors |
| 078 | Architects assistants |
| 079 | Art, music, theatre, cinema: service, etc. |
| 080 | Performers, showmen, exhibition, service |
| 081 | Billiards, cricket and other games service |
| 082 | Domestic indoor servants in hotels, lodging houses and eating houses |
| 083 | Other domestic indoor servants: governesses |
| 084 | Other domestic indoor servants (undefined) |
| 085 | Domestic: coachman |
| 087 | Domestic gardener |
| 088 | Gamekeeper |
| 089 | Army college, club: service |
| 090 | Other college, club: service |
| 091 | Prison officers (reformatory school) |
| 093 | Hospital, Institution (not poor law), and benevolent society: service (not sick nurses, medical men, or schoolmasters) |
| 094 | Park, lodge, gate, etc., keeper (not government) |
| 095 | Church, chapel, cemetery: caretakers, keepers |
| 097 | Caretaker, office keepers (not government), school cleaners, caretakers |
| 098 | Cooks (not domestic) |
| 099 | Cooks (college: non:resident) |
| 100 | Cooks (boarding, lodging house, non resident) |
| 101 | Cooks (domestic, non resident) |
| 102 | Day girls, day servants (other indoor) |
| 103 | Day girls, day servants (hotels, lodging, eating houses) |
| 104 | Charwomen |
| 105 | Laundry worker: washer, ironer, mangler, etc. (not domestic) |
| 106 | Bath and wash house service |
| 107 | Governesses (domestic) (non resident) |
| 108 | Servants: undefined (non resident) |
| 109 | Others in service |
| 110 | Window cleaners |
| 111 | Merchant: commodity undefined |
| 112 | Brokers, factors, commercial agents (not mine, quarry, insurance) |
| 113 | Salesmen and buyers (not otherwise described) |
| 114 | Commercial travellers and manufacturers' agents |
| 115 | Accountants |
| 116 | Auctioneers, appraisers, valuers, house agents |
| 117 | Surveyors (house agents) |
| 118 | Officers of commercial and others companies |
| 119 | Commercial or business clerks |
| 120 | Bankers |
| 121 | Bank service, bank officials and clerks |
| 122 | Bill brokers, agents and discounters |
| 123 | Insurance officials, clerks |
| 124 | Insurance agents |
| 125 | Railway official inspectors, supervsiors, or clerks |
| 126 | Railway ticket examiner, collector, or checker |
| 127 | Railway engine driver, stoker, or cleaner |
| 128 | Railway guard |
| 129 | Signalman |
| 130 | Pointsman, level crossing man, gatekeepers |
| 131 | Platelayer, ganger, packer |
| 132 | Railway labourer (not railway contractor's labourer) |
| 133 | Railway porter |
| 134 | Other railway servants |
| 135 | Livery, stablekeepers, cab and bus owners |
| 136 | Horse proprietor, breeder, dealer |
| 137 | Motor garage proprietor, or worker |
| 138 | Coachman (not domestic), cabman |
| 139 | Horsekeeper, groom stableman (not domestic) |
| 140 | Motor car driver (not domestic); motor cab driver |
| 141 | Carmen, carriers, carters and draymen |
| 142 | Hauliers (mine) |
| 143 | Water carriers |
| 144 | Motor van, etc. drivers |
| 145 | Van guard, boy, etc. |
| 146 | Others connected with carriage or cartage (not mine) |
| 147 | Others connected with carriage or cartage (mine) |
| 148 | Omnibus horse drivers (default) |
| 149 | Omnibus motor drivers |
| 150 | Omnibus conductors |
| 151 | Omnibus service, others |
| 154 | Tramway service, others |
| 155 | Others on roads, toll collectors |
| 156 | Others on roads, wheelchair proprietors, attendants |
| 157 | Merchant service; seaman navigating department |
| 158 | Merchant service; seaman engineering department |
| 159 | Merchant service; seaman cooks, stewards and others (subsidiary service) |
| 160 | Boatmen on seas (seamen general) |
| 161 | Pilots of ships |
| 162 | Bargemen, lightermen, watermen (and canal workers generally) |
| 163 | Canal and inland navigation service (on shore) |
| 164 | Ship and boat owners |
| 165 | Steam navigation service |
| 166 | Stevedores, wharf and dock labourers |
| 167 | Harbour, dock, wharf, lighthouse, officials and servants |
| 168 | Warehousemen (not manchester goods) |
| 169 | Meters, weighers engaged in storage |
| 170 | Coalheaver, coal porter, labourer |
| 171 | Messenger, porter, watchman (not railway or government) |
| 172 | Telegraph, telephone, service (not government) |
| 173 | Farmer, grazier |
| 174 | Crofters |
| 175 | Farmer's or Grazier's son, daughter or other relative assisting in the work of the farm |
| 176 | Crofters' son, daughter or other relative assisting in the work of the farm |
| 177 | Farm, bailiffs, stewards, foremen |
| 178 | Shepherd |
| 179 | Agricultural labourer, farm servant, distinguished as in charge of cattle |
| 180 | Agricultural labourer, farm servant, distinguished as in charge of horses |
| 181 | Agricultural labourer, farm servant, not otherwise distinguished |
| 182 | Woodman |
| 183 | Nurseryman, seedsman, florist |
| 184 | Market gardener (including labourer) |
| 185 | Other gardener (not domestic) |
| 186 | Agricultural machine, proprietor, attendant |
| 187 | Others in agriculture |
| 188 | Land drainage service |
| 189 | Rabbit catchers, trappers, destroyers (on farm) |
| 190 | Others engaged about animals (non agriculture) |
| 191 | Vermin destroyers (agriculture) |
| 192 | Thatchers (agriculture) |
| 193 | Others in coal, coke, peat and charcoal (including agricultural peat or turf workers) |
| 194 | Fishermen |
| 195 | Fishermen crofter |
| 196 | Coal miners, hewers, workers at the coal face |
| 197 | Shale miner |
| 198 | Coal miners, others below ground and undefined |
| 199 | Railway labourers navvies (coal mine) |
| 200 | Coal miners above ground |
| 201 | Mine service engineers |
| 202 | Mine owner, agent, or manager |
| 203 | Mine service others (coal) |
| 204 | Coke burners |
| 205 | Factory labourers (undefined) coke and gas |
| 206 | Patent fuel manufacture |
| 207 | Iron: miner, quarrier |
| 208 | Copper miner |
| 209 | Tin miner |
| 210 | Lead miner |
| 211 | Miners in other or undefined minerals |
| 212 | Gold miner |
| 214 | Metalliferous mine owner, general manager, or captain |
| 216 | Stone quarry managers agents |
| 217 | Slate quarry managers agents |
| 219 | Other quarries managers agents |
| 220 | Stone quarry mine owners |
| 221 | Slate quarry mine owners |
| 224 | Stone quarriers |
| 225 | Limestone quarrier |
| 226 | Stone cutters, dressers |
| 227 | Slate quarriers |
| 228 | Slate workers, cutters, dressers |
| 229 | Lime burners |
| 230 | Sand, flint, clay, gravel, or chalk workers |
| 231 | Fossil or corpolite diggers |
| 232 | Other workers in quarries |
| 233 | Emery, sand paper maker |
| 235 | Coal merchants and dealers |
| 236 | Coke dealers |
| 237 | Stone dealers |
| 238 | Slate dealers |
| 239 | Sand, flint, clay, or gravel dealers |
| 241 | Pig iron manufacture (blast furnace) |
| 242 | Puddling furnaces, iron and steel rolling mills |
| 243 | Tube manufacture |
| 244 | Steel manufacture, smelting, or founding |
| 245 | Galvanized sheet manufacture |
| 246 | Tinplate manufacture |
| 247 | Copper manufacture |
| 248 | Lead manufacture |
| 249 | Zinc manufacture |
| 250 | Brass or bronze manufacture |
| 251 | Gold, silver smelters, etc. (extraction) |
| 252 | Manufacture of other or unspecified metals |
| 253 | Patternmakers (engine and machine making (undefined: not textile)) |
| 254 | Patternmakers (spinning, weaving, machinery making) |
| 255 | Patternmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) |
| 257 | Patternmakers (undefined) |
| 258 | Millwright |
| 259 | Ironfounder: moulders, core maker, fetter, cupola, overn man, foundry labourer, other and undefined |
| 260 | Brass founders |
| 261 | Farriers |
| 262 | Blacksmiths |
| 263 | Fitters, turners (engine and machine) |
| 264 | Colliery fitters |
| 265 | Railway: signal, switch, turntable fitters |
| 266 | Fitters, turners (engine and machine) labourers |
| 267 | Brass finishers |
| 268 | Coppersmiths (various) |
| 269 | Metal machinists (engine and machine making) |
| 270 | Metal machinists (spinning, weaving, machinery making) |
| 271 | Metal machinists (agricultural machine and implement making) |
| 272 | Metal machinists (domestic machinery making) |
| 273 | Undefined engine and machine making (not textile) |
| 274 | Labourers (undefined) in engineering works |
| 275 | Boiler makers |
| 276 | Other workers (spinning, weaving, machinery making) |
| 277 | Other workers in textile machinery fittings |
| 278 | Engine and machine makers (undefined: not textile) |
| 279 | Domestic machinery makers |
| 280 | Agricultural machine and implement makers |
| 281 | Railway: makers of signal, switch, or turntable |
| 282 | Riveters, riggers, metal plate workers (not ships, textiles, boilers) |
| 283 | Techinicans (unspecified) |
| 286 | Other electrical apparatus makers |
| 287 | Electricians (undefined) |
| 288 | Printing reglet makers |
| 289 | Toolmakers (agricultural machine and implement making) |
| 290 | Toolmakers |
| 291 | Domestic implement makers: toolmakers |
| 292 | File makers |
| 293 | Saw makers |
| 294 | Cutlery and scissor makers |
| 295 | Needle makers |
| 296 | Pin makers |
| 297 | Steel pen makers |
| 298 | Roller, engravers, block cutters (for textile printing) |
| 299 | Type founders |
| 300 | Makers of die, seal, coin, or medal |
| 301 | Gunsmiths |
| 302 | Ordnance manufacture |
| 303 | Arms and ordnance, others |
| 305 | Nail manufacture |
| 306 | Bolt, nut, rivet and screw manufacture |
| 307 | Anchor and chain manufacture |
| 308 | Gas stove makers |
| 309 | Stove, grate, range, fire: iron makers |
| 310 | Brass bedstead makers |
| 311 | Iron bedstead makers |
| 312 | Wire/spring mattress makers |
| 313 | Wire makers, workers, or weavers |
| 314 | Wire fencer |
| 315 | Makers of lock and key |
| 316 | Gas fittings makers |
| 317 | Makers of lamp, lantern, or candlestick |
| 318 | Silver: smiths, buffers, burnishers, finishers |
| 319 | Plated ware manufacture of pewter, white or metal |
| 320 | Metal refiners and workers |
| 321 | Tinplate goods manufacture |
| 322 | Copper workers |
| 323 | Leaden goods manufacture (various) |
| 324 | Zinc goods workers |
| 325 | Implement makers in brass and bronze |
| 326 | Goods workers in brass and bronze |
| 327 | Makers of brass clasp, buckle, or hinge |
| 328 | Iron domestic implement makers |
| 329 | Makers of iron clasp, buckle, or hinge |
| 330 | Iron fence and gate maker |
| 331 | Other iron goods makers |
| 333 | Spring maker |
| 334 | Ironworkers (undefined) |
| 335 | Other implement makers |
| 336 | Tin workers |
| 337 | Metal burnishers (undefined) |
| 339 | Other metal workers |
| 340 | Tube manufacture in mixed or unspecified metals |
| 343 | Whitesmiths |
| 344 | Shackle makers |
| 345 | Ship, boat platers, rivetters |
| 346 | Workers in iron: metal ships |
| 347 | Fitters (ships) |
| 348 | Shipwrights: wood ships |
| 349 | Shipwrights: metal ships |
| 350 | Worker in wood, wood ships |
| 351 | Maker of mast, yard, oar, or block |
| 352 | Wood painters: ship and boat |
| 353 | Iron painters, ship and boat |
| 354 | Shipyard labourers (undefined) |
| 355 | Others in ship or boat building (with wood) |
| 356 | Others in ship or boat building (with metal) |
| 357 | Riggers (ships) |
| 358 | Ship chandler |
| 359 | Sailmakers |
| 360 | Railway, coach, wagon maker |
| 361 | Tram car maker |
| 362 | Bicycle makers, bicycle repairers |
| 363 | Motor car chassis maker, motor car mechanic |
| 364 | Motor car body maker |
| 365 | Maker of coach, carriage |
| 366 | Wheelwright |
| 367 | Cartwrights |
| 368 | Perambulator maker |
| 369 | Ironmonger: hardware dealer, merchant |
| 370 | General household appliance dealers |
| 372 | Dealers in electrical apparatus |
| 374 | Bicycle dealers |
| 376 | Dealers in copper |
| 377 | Dealers in tin, tinplate |
| 378 | Zinc dealers |
| 379 | Lead dealers |
| 380 | Metal dealers |
| 381 | Other dealers in machines, implements, etc. |
| 382 | Gold and silversmiths jewellers (not dealers) |
| 383 | Lapidaries and other precious material workers |
| 384 | Gold and silver beaters |
| 385 | Other workers gold, silver jewelry |
| 386 | Watch and clock makers |
| 387 | Philosophical instrument makers (scientific and optical) |
| 388 | Photographic apparatus makers |
| 389 | Weighing and measuring machine makers |
| 390 | Tinmen (meter making) |
| 391 | Dental instrument and apparatus makers |
| 392 | Surgical instrument and apparatus makers |
| 393 | Piano organ makers |
| 394 | Other musical instrument makers |
| 395 | Toy makers |
| 396 | Fishing tackle makers |
| 397 | Apparatus for other games makers |
| 398 | Gold and silversmiths jewellers (dealers) |
| 399 | Musical instrument dealers |
| 400 | Toy dealers |
| 401 | Fishing tackle dealers |
| 403 | Photographic apparatus, philosophical instrument (scientific and optical) dealers |
| 404 | Weighing and measuring machine dealers |
| 405 | Builders |
| 406 | Thatchers (not agriculture) |
| 407 | Builder's labourer |
| 408 | Builder's excavators |
| 409 | Carpenter, joiner |
| 410 | Carpenter's or joiner's labourer |
| 411 | Stove setters, furnace, ovenliners |
| 412 | Bricklaer |
| 413 | Bricklayer's labourer |
| 414 | Mason |
| 415 | Mason's labourer |
| 416 | Slaters and tilers |
| 417 | Plasterer |
| 418 | Plasterer's labourer |
| 419 | Whitewashers |
| 420 | Paperhangers |
| 421 | Painters, distemperers and decorators |
| 422 | Glaziers, lead window makers |
| 423 | Architectural or monumental carver or sculptor |
| 424 | Monumental mason |
| 425 | Plumber, pipe fitter |
| 426 | Gasfitter |
| 427 | Locksmith, bellhanger |
| 428 | Contractors: public works such as sewer, drainage, dock, harbour, or canal |
| 429 | Railway contractors |
| 430 | Pond reservoir makers |
| 431 | Sea wall or groyne labourers or pile drivers |
| 432 | Railway labourers navvies (contractors labourers) default |
| 433 | Well and mine sinker or borer |
| 434 | Road contractor, surveyor, inspector |
| 435 | Paviors |
| 436 | Road labourers |
| 437 | Cabinet makers |
| 438 | Furniture and fittings: other workers |
| 439 | French polisher |
| 440 | Upholsterer |
| 441 | Hot water apparatus, pipe jointers |
| 442 | House and shop fittings makers |
| 443 | Refrigerator maker |
| 444 | Undertaker, or funeral furniture maker |
| 445 | Wood carver |
| 446 | Wood gilder |
| 447 | Willow, cane and rush workers |
| 448 | Cane, rush, straw: other workers |
| 449 | Willow, cane and rush dealers |
| 450 | Dealer in works of art |
| 451 | Furniture brokers, dealers |
| 452 | House and shop: fittings dealers |
| 453 | Sawyer, wood cutting machinist |
| 454 | Maker of lath, wooden fence, hurdle |
| 455 | Wood turner |
| 456 | Wooden box or packing case maker |
| 457 | Cooper, hoop maker or bender |
| 458 | Cork, bark, cutter, worker |
| 459 | Timber wood workers |
| 460 | Besom maker |
| 461 | Other workers in wood |
| 462 | Timber merchants, wood dealers |
| 463 | Cork and bark dealers |
| 464 | Brick, plain tile, terra cotta maker |
| 465 | Plaster, cement: manufacture |
| 466 | Earthenware figure and image makers |
| 467 | Earthenware, china, porcelain: manufacture |
| 468 | Sheet, plate, glass manufacture |
| 469 | Glass bottle manufacture |
| 470 | Other workers in glass manufacture |
| 471 | Brick dealers |
| 472 | Plaster and cement dealers |
| 473 | Earthenware, china, glass: dealer |
| 474 | Dye and paint manufacture |
| 475 | Ink and blacking manufacture |
| 476 | Gunpowder, guncotton, explosive substance: manufacture |
| 477 | Cartridge, fireworks, explosive article: manufacture |
| 478 | Lucifer match manufacture |
| 479 | Salt makers and dealers |
| 480 | Manufacturing chemist |
| 481 | Alkali manufacture |
| 482 | Chemists, druggists |
| 483 | Drysalters |
| 484 | Oil millers, oil cake makers |
| 485 | Mineral oil worker |
| 486 | Tallow, chandlers, candle and grease manufacture |
| 487 | Soap boilers and makers |
| 488 | Manure manufacture, bone boilers |
| 489 | India rubber and gutta percha makers |
| 490 | Waterproof goods makers |
| 491 | Glue size and gelatine manufacture |
| 492 | Other workers in chemicals, etc. |
| 493 | Gum manufacture |
| 494 | Resin manufacture |
| 496 | Varnish maker |
| 497 | Oil cake dealers |
| 498 | Oil and colourmen |
| 499 | Soap dealers |
| 500 | Other dealers in chemicals,etc. |
| 501 | Floorcloth and oilcloth dealers |
| 502 | India rubber and gutta percha dealers |
| 503 | Waterproof goods dealers |
| 504 | Shellac dealers |
| 505 | Skinners, furriers |
| 506 | Tanners, fellmongers |
| 507 | Curriers |
| 508 | Leather goods manufacture (belts, etc.) |
| 509 | Parchment or vellum maker |
| 510 | Saddle, harness and whip makers |
| 511 | Hair and bristle workers |
| 512 | Brush and broom makers |
| 513 | Hair plume makers |
| 514 | Quill and feathers dressers |
| 515 | Dealers in skins |
| 516 | Dealers in leather |
| 517 | Quill and feathers dealers |
| 518 | Hair and bristle dealers |
| 519 | Paper manufacture |
| 520 | Paper stainer |
| 521 | Pencil makers |
| 522 | Card, stationery makers |
| 524 | Envelope manufacture |
| 525 | Paper bag makers |
| 526 | Cardboard box maker |
| 527 | Ticket writers |
| 528 | Other paper workers |
| 529 | Stationers (all assumed retail or law stationers) |
| 530 | Paper dealers |
| 531 | Hand compositors (default) |
| 532 | Machine compositors |
| 533 | Printing machine minders |
| 534 | Stereotypers, electrotypers |
| 535 | Music printers |
| 536 | Printers so described |
| 537 | Others in printing |
| 538 | Paper ruler |
| 539 | Lithographers |
| 540 | Copper plate printers |
| 541 | Map makers |
| 542 | Bookbinders |
| 543 | Publishers, booksellers and librarians (except public librarians) |
| 544 | Music publishers, music sellers |
| 545 | Map publishers, map and print sellers |
| 546 | Newspaper publishers |
| 547 | Newspaper agents |
| 548 | Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, card blowing room processes |
| 549 | Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, spinning processes |
| 550 | Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, winding, warping processes |
| 551 | Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, weaving processes |
| 552 | Cotton and cotton goods manufacture, other processes |
| 553 | Sheeting manufacture |
| 554 | Muslin embroiderer |
| 555 | Cotton and cotton goods manufature, undefined |
| 556 | Fustian manufacture |
| 557 | Woollen cloth manufacture, sorting |
| 558 | Woollen cloth manufacture, carding, combing |
| 559 | Wool spinners, wool piecers |
| 560 | Worsted and stuff manufacture, spinners, piecers |
| 561 | Wool winders, wool warpers, wool weavers |
| 562 | Worsted and stuff manufacture, winders, warpers, weavers |
| 563 | Flannel manufacture (various) |
| 564 | Blanket manufacture (various) |
| 565 | Other weaving processes (wool) |
| 566 | Woollen cloth manufacture, other processes |
| 567 | Tartan and wincey manufacture |
| 568 | Worsted and stuff manufacture, other processes |
| 569 | Knitter (woollen article) |
| 570 | Crimpers |
| 571 | Woollen cloth manufacture, undefined |
| 572 | Worsted and stuff manufacture, undefined |
| 573 | Fuller |
| 574 | Silk workers, spinners |
| 575 | Crepe, gauze, manufacture (various) |
| 576 | Silk workers, weaving processes |
| 577 | Ribbon manufacture |
| 578 | Silk workers, other processes |
| 579 | Silk workers, undefined |
| 580 | Flax, linen and damask manufacture (various) |
| 581 | Hemp manufacture (various) |
| 582 | Jute manufacture (various) |
| 583 | Cocoa fibre manufacture (various) |
| 584 | Rope, twine, or cord makers |
| 585 | Mat manufacture (various) |
| 586 | Net manufacture (various) |
| 587 | Canvas and sailcloth manufacture (various) |
| 588 | Sacking manufcture (various) |
| 589 | Tent maker |
| 591 | Thread manufacture (various) |
| 592 | Hosiery manufacture |
| 593 | Lace manufacture |
| 594 | Elastic web makers |
| 595 | Felt manufacture (various) |
| 596 | Carpet or rug manufacture (various) |
| 597 | Trimming makers |
| 598 | Tape manufacture (various) |
| 599 | Fancy goods, textile, manufacture (various) |
| 600 | Shawl makers |
| 601 | Knitter (undefined) |
| 602 | Embroiderers |
| 603 | Curtain makers |
| 604 | Tapestry manufacture |
| 605 | Weavers, sundry fabrics |
| 606 | Weavers (undefined) |
| 607 | Other workers, sundry fabrics undefined |
| 608 | Factory hands (textile) undefined (various) |
| 609 | Wool or woollen goods bleachers |
| 610 | Silk bleachers |
| 611 | Cotton and calico bleachers |
| 612 | Flax, linen, bleachers |
| 613 | Undefined textile bleachers |
| 614 | Wool or woollden goods printers |
| 615 | Silk printers |
| 616 | Cotton and calico printers |
| 617 | Undefined textile printers |
| 618 | Wool, woollden goods, dyers |
| 619 | Silk dyers |
| 620 | Cotton and calico dyers |
| 621 | Flax or linen dyers |
| 622 | Undefined textile dyers |
| 623 | Wool or woollen goods,finishers |
| 624 | Silk finishers |
| 625 | Cotton and calico finishers |
| 626 | Flax or linen finishers |
| 627 | Undefined textile finishers |
| 628 | Drapers linen, drapers mercers |
| 629 | Cotton planter, grower |
| 630 | Woolstapler, wool dealer, broker |
| 631 | Cloth, worsted and stuff merchants, dealers |
| 632 | Yarn merchant |
| 633 | Waste merchant |
| 634 | Silk merchants, dealers |
| 635 | Rope, twine, cord, dealers |
| 636 | Mat sellers |
| 637 | Other fibrous materials dealers |
| 638 | Cotton and calico dealers |
| 639 | Flax, linen, dealers |
| 640 | Lace dealers |
| 641 | Fustian dealers |
| 643 | Manchester goods warehousemen |
| 644 | Dealers sundry fabrics |
| 645 | Straw plait manufacture |
| 646 | Straw hat manufacture |
| 647 | Felt hat manufacture, woollen bonnet manufacture |
| 648 | Cloth, hat, cap, manufacture |
| 649 | Hat, cap (not cloth, felt, straw) manufacture |
| 650 | Milliners (not retail,workshop/factory) |
| 651 | Hatters |
| 652 | Milliners (retail) |
| 653 | Tailors (not merchants), default |
| 654 | Other clothing manufacturers |
| 655 | Clothier and outfitters (i.e. dealers and merchants) |
| 656 | Clothes dealers |
| 657 | Dressmakers |
| 658 | Stay and corset makers |
| 659 | Shirtmakers and seamstresses |
| 660 | Button makers |
| 661 | Glove manufacture |
| 662 | Hosiers, haberdashers |
| 663 | Shoe and boot makers (and repairers) |
| 664 | Slipper makers |
| 665 | Patten or clog makers |
| 666 | Footwear dealers |
| 667 | Artificial flower makers |
| 668 | Hairdressers |
| 669 | Umbrella, parasol and stick makers |
| 670 | Accoutrement makers |
| 671 | Glove dealers |
| 673 | Umbrella, parasol and stick dealers |
| 674 | Other dealers in dress |
| 675 | Artifical flower dealers |
| 676 | Creamery workers |
| 677 | Cowkeepers, milksellers |
| 678 | Provision curers |
| 679 | Cheesemongers, buttermen |
| 680 | Provision dealers |
| 681 | Slaughterer |
| 682 | Butchers and meat salesmen |
| 683 | Fish curers |
| 684 | Poulterers, game dealers |
| 685 | Fishmongers |
| 686 | Corn millers |
| 687 | Corn, flour and seed merchants dealers |
| 688 | Hay, straw and chaff cutters |
| 689 | Hay, straw and chaff dealers |
| 690 | Biscuit, cake and bread makers |
| 691 | Bakers (dealers) |
| 692 | Biscuit, cake, dealers (confectionists) |
| 693 | Sugar refiners |
| 694 | Jam, preserve, or sweet makers |
| 695 | Chocolate, cocoa makers |
| 696 | Coffee, tea, planter, grower |
| 697 | Grocers, tea dealers |
| 698 | Greengrocers, fruiterers, potato dealers |
| 699 | Ginger beer, mineral water manufacture, others |
| 700 | Mustard, vinegar, spice, pickle makers |
| 701 | Ice makers |
| 702 | Sugar planter, grower |
| 703 | Others dealing in food |
| 704 | Hop merchants, dealers |
| 706 | Tobacco manufacture |
| 707 | Tobacconists |
| 708 | Maltsters |
| 709 | Brewers |
| 710 | Distillers and rectifiers |
| 711 | Coffee and eating, house keepers |
| 712 | Lodging and boarding house keepers |
| 713 | Innkeepers, hotel keepers and publicans |
| 714 | Beersellers |
| 715 | Beer bottlers |
| 716 | Cellarmen |
| 717 | Barmen (not in service) |
| 718 | Boarding, lodging house waiters (non resident) |
| 719 | Hotel waiters |
| 720 | Hotel porters, boots, knifemen, platemen, plate cleaners, polishers (non,resident) |
| 721 | Other hotel servants |
| 722 | Wine and spirit merchants |
| 723 | Gas works service |
| 724 | Waterworks service |
| 725 | Other electricity supply |
| 726 | Electricity generation, distribution |
| 727 | Town drainage |
| 728 | Scavenging, street cleaners, crossing sweepers, dustmen |
| 730 | Advertising agents |
| 731 | Billstickers |
| 732 | Sandwichmen, bill distributors |
| 733 | Salesman of cattle, sheep, etc. |
| 734 | Drovers |
| 735 | Others engaged about animals (not agriculture) |
| 736 | Knackers, catsmeat dealers |
| 737 | Celluloid makers, workers |
| 738 | Tobacco pipe and snuff box manufacture |
| 739 | Bone, horn, ivory, tortoise,shell, workers |
| 740 | Comb makers |
| 741 | Floorcloth and oilcloth manufacture |
| 742 | Japanners |
| 743 | Chimney sweepers |
| 744 | Rag dealers |
| 745 | Organ grinders |
| 746 | Animal, bird preservers and taxidermists |
| 747 | Figure and image makers not earthenware |
| 748 | Gut manufacture |
| 749 | Charcoal burners |
| 750 | Other workers in sundry industries |
| 751 | Dealers in sundry materials |
| 753 | Sponge dealer |
| 754 | Charcoal dealers |
| 755 | Water dealers |
| 756 | Receiving shop, receiving office, keepers, assistants |
| 757 | Multiple shop keepers |
| 758 | General shopkeepers, dealers |
| 759 | Pawnbrokers |
| 760 | Hawkers, hucksters, costers |
| 761 | Manufacturers, managers, superintendents, foremen (unspecified) |
| 762 | Contractors, public works, etc. |
| 763 | News boys, vendors |
| 764 | Corporation, borough, council labourers (undefined) |
| 765 | General labourers |
| 766 | Engine drivres, stokers, firemen (not railway, marine, or agricultural) |
| 767 | Draughtsmen (undefined) |
| 768 | Artisans mechanics |
| 769 | Apprentices |
| 770 | Factory labourers (undefined) |
| 771 | Machinists, machine workers (undefined) |
| 772 | Retired (not army or navy) |
| 773 | Army pensioners |
| 774 | Navy pensioners |
| 775 | Pensioners, superannuated |
| 776 | Receiving old age pension (occupation or former occupation not stated) |
| 777 | Owners of companies |
| 778 | Private means |
| 779 | Theological students |
| 780 | Law students |
| 781 | Medical students |
| 782 | Literary students |
| 783 | Art students |
| 784 | Scientific students |
| 785 | Other students |
| 786 | Agricultural students |
| 787 | Scholars, etc. |
| 788 | Wives and others engaged in (own) household duties |
| 789 | Wives assisting generally in their husbands occupations |
| 790 | Widows (of no specified occupation) |
| 791 | Children, relatives, visitors at home |
| 792 | Prostitutes |
| 793 | Foreign diplomats |
| 794 | No specified occupation but receiving income or support |
| 795 | Children with no specified occupation |
| 796 | Prisoners, reform school inmates, etc. |
| 797 | Vagrants or unemployed persons with no specified occupation |
| 999 | Unknown |
Warning: these figures indicate the number of cases found in the data file. They cannot be interpreted as summary statistics of the population of interest.
Description
Definition
Occupation of household head.
Universe
United Kingdom 1871: All persons
concept
Concept