Census of Scotland, 1871 - IPUMS Subset
United Kingdom [Scotland], 1871
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Reference ID
GBR_1871_PHC-SCT_v01_M_v7.5_A_IPUMS
Producer(s)
Secretary of State, IPUMS
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Sep 03, 2025
Last modified
Sep 03, 2025
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- Data files
- GBR1871_PHC-SCT-H-H
- GBR1871_PHC-SCT-P-H
Occupation (UK1871B_OCC)
Data file: GBR1871_PHC-SCT-P-H
Overview
Type:
Continuous
Start:
267
End:
326
Width:
60
Range:
-
Format:
character
Questions and instructions
Literal question
<span class="h3">Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, Profession or Occupation."</span></p>
<p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p>
<p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p>
<p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p>
<p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p>
<p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p>
<p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p>
<p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p>
<p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p>
<p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p>
<p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p>
<p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p>
<p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p>
<p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p>
<p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p>
<p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p>
<p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p>
<p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p>
<p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p>
<p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p>
<p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p>
<p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p>
<p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p>
<p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p>
<p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p>
<p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p>
<p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p>
<p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p>
<p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span>
<br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p>
<p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."]
<p><span class="ital">A person following more distinct occupations than one, should insert them in the order of their importance.</span></p>
<p>1. The Superior Titles of peers and the other <span class="em">Persons of Rank </span>to be inserted, as well as any important office which they may hold.</p>
<p>2. <span class="em">Members of Parliament, Magistrates, Councilors </span>and other important public officers to state their profession or occupations, in any, after their official rank or title.</p>
<p>3. All persons serving in the <span class="em">Army and Navy</span> to state their rank and branch of the service to which they belong Officers to state whether on the Active or Retired List; Chelsea, Greenwich, and other Pensioners, to be so designated</p>
<p>4. All persons in the <span class="em">Civil Service </span>to state their rank, and the department or branch to which they belong; those retired or superannuated to be distinguished. </p>
<p>5. <span class="em">Ministers of Religion</span>- Clergy of the Church of Scotland to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Parish," "Assistant Minister of _____ Parish," or "Minister of Establish Church (no charge)." Episcopalian Clergymen, Roman Catholic Priests, and Minister of Foreign Churches, to return themselves as such, and to state the name of the church or chapel in which they officiate. Dissenting Ministers to return themselves as "Minister of ____ Free Church," "Minister of ____ United Presbyterian Chapel," "Minister of ____ Independent Chapel," etc. Local or occasional preachers must return their ordinary occupations; but may add "Local Methodist preacher,"etc., etc.</p>
<p>6. <span class="em">Legal profession</span>- Advocates, to state whether or not they are in actual practice. Advocates in Aberdeen will add the words "in Aberdeen" to the description "Advocate." The designation "Writer to the Signet," or "Solicitor" to be confined to those whose names are actually upon the Roll. Other persons practicing the law to designate themselves as "Writer," Procurator," etc., according to circumstances. Advocates? clerks are so to return themselves. Clerks in lawyers' offices should state whether they are managing, apprenticed, or general clerk.</p>
<p>7. Members of the <span class="em">Medical profession </span>to state whether they practice as physician, surgeon, dentist, oculist, general practitioner, assistant, etc., or are "not practicing". They must also state the University or other Society of which they are Graduates, Fellows, or Licentiates.</p>
<p>8. <span class="em">Professors, Teachers, Public writers, Authors,</span> and Scientific men -- to state the particular branch of Science or Literature which they follow; Artists, the art which they cultivate. Graduates should their degrees in this column.</p>
<p>9. <span class="em">Students </span>of Theology, Law, Medicine, or Arts, of any University to be so returned.</p>
<p>10. <span class="em">Scholars</span>- Children or young person attending a school, or receiving regular instruction at home, to be returned as "Scholars."</p>
<p>11. <span class="em">Landowners</span>- Proprietors of land in Scotland, being agricultural land pasturage, moor, or woodland, in addition to their rank or occupation, to state that they are landowners. But no person to be so described in respect of land attached to a house or houses, and not exceeding one acre in extent.</p>
<p>12. <span class="em">Farmers</span>- This term is to be applied only to the occupier of land, who are to state the number of acres occupied, and the number of men, women, and boys employed on the farm on April 3rd. Examples: "Farmer of 317 acres (of which 105 arable), employing 8 laborers and 3 boys." Sons or daughters employed at home or on the farm, may be returned- "Farmer's son," "Farmer's daughter." Men employed on the farm and sleeping in the farmer's house must be described in the schedule as farm servants.</p>
<p>13. <span class="em">Agricultural labourers, shepherds</span>, and others employed on farms, but not living in the famer?s house, must be desribed as agricultural labourers, shepherds, etc.</p>
<p>14. <span class="em">Persons engaged in commerce</span>, as Merchants, Brokers, Agents, etc., to state in all cases the particular branch of Commerce in which they are engaged, or the staple in which they chiefly deal. Examples: "East India Merchant," "Members of the ____ Stock Exchange," "Cotton Broker." <span class="em">Commercial Clerk, Commercial Traveller, Shopman</span>- always add what branch of business.</p>
<p>15. In <span class="em">Trades, manufactures, or other business masters</span> must, in all cases, be distinguished; Example: "Carpenter-Master, employing 6 men and 2 boys;" inserting always the number of persons of the trade in his employ, if any, on April 3rd. In the case of <span class="em">Firms</span>, the number of persons employed should be returned by the senior or someone partner only.</p>
<p>16. <span class="em">Workers in mines or manufactures</span>, and generally in the Mechanical Arts, should distinctly state the particular branch of work, and the material, if they are not implied in the names, as in coal-miner, brass-founder, silk-throwster. where the trade is much subdivided, both trade and branch are to be returned thus: "watchmaker-finisher;" "printer-compositor".</p>
<p>17. <span class="em">Engineers</span>- Civil Engineers to be so described. Workmen employed in works or factories are to be distinctly described. Example: "Engine Smith at Factory," "Engine Fitter at Works." Engine Drivers, Stokers, and Firemen, to be described in connection with the manufactory, railway, steam- vessel, etc. in which they are employed. Examples: "Railway Engine Driver," "Stoker in Cotton Factory." "Engineer" alone is not to be used.</p>
<p>18. <span class="em">Artisans and mechanics </span>should invariable state their particular branch of mechanical art or business in which they are employed.</p>
<p>19. <span class="em">Weaver</span>- "Silk," "Wool," "Worsted," "Cotton," etc., should always be written before this general term, so as to express distinctly the material he weaves, thus: "Silk- Weaver."</p>
<p>20. <span class="em">Domestic servants</span> should be described according to the nature of their service, adding in all cases "Domestic Servant." Examples: "Coachman- Domestic Servant;" "Gardner- Domestic Servant."</p>
<p>21. <span class="em">Messengers, porters, laborers,</span> to be described according to the nature of their employment on the day of the Census. Examples: "Railway Porter," "Bricklayer's Laborer," "Laborer in Iron Works."</p>
<p>22. Persons ordinarily engaged in some industry, but <span class="em">out of employment </span>on April 3rd, should be so described, as "Coalminer, unemployed," "Printer, unemployed."</p>
<p>23. <span class="em">Persons following no profession, trade, or Calling </span>and holding no public office, but deriving their incomes chiefly from houses, dividends, interest of money, annuities, etc., may describe themselves accordingly. The indefinite terms Gentleman, squire, are not to be used. Persons who have retired from business may be entered thus: "Retired Farmer," "Retired Grocer."</p>
<p>24. <span class="em"> Women and children</span>- The occupations of those who are regularly employed from home, or who follow any business at home, is to be distinctly recorded. See also instruction number 10.</p>
<p><span class="h3">Table No. 14- Householder's Schedule</span></p>
<p><span class="em">List the members of this family, of visitors, and of servants, who slept or abode in this dwelling on the night of Sunday, April 2nd, 1871.</span></p>
<p><span class="em">5. Rank, profession, or occupation</span>
<br />Before filling in this column, you are requested to read the Instructions on the other side.</p>
<p>[See: Instructions for filling up the column headed "Rank, profession or occupation."]
Description
Definition
Occupation.
Universe
United Kingdom 1871: All persons
concept
Concept
Imputation and derivation
Derivation
This is a 60-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places