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World Bank Enterprise Survey 2013-2020-2024

Tunisia, 2013 - 2025
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TUN_2013-2020-2024_WBES_v01_M
Producer(s)
World Bank Group (WBG)
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Created on
Jan 13, 2026
Last modified
Jan 13, 2026

Data file: Tunisia _2013_2020_2024_

Tunisia 2013, 2020, and 2022 World Bank Enterprise Survey panel data

Cases: 1852
Variables: 738

Variables

_2020_2024_m1a_trade_pos
m1a: Position of Customs and trade regulations
_2020_2024_m1a_electricity_pos
m1a: Position of Electricity
_2020_2024_m1a_workforce_pos
m1a: Position of Inadequately educated workforce
_2020_2024_m1a_labor_pos
m1a: Position of Labor regulations
_2020_2024_m1a_instability_pos
m1a: Position of Political instability
_2020_2024_m1a_informal_pos
m1a: Position of Practices of competitors in the informal sector
_2020_2024_m1a_taxadmin_pos
m1a: Position of Tax administration
_2020_2024_m1a_taxrate_pos
m1a: Position of Tax rates
_2020_2024_m1a_transport_pos
m1a: Position of Transport
n2a
Total Labor Cost (Incl. Wages, Salaries, Bonuses, Etc) In Last Fiscal Year
_2024_n2a2
Social security payments and employment-based taxes
n2b
Total Annual Costs of Electricity In Last Fiscal Year
_2024_n2k
Total Annual Cost of Water
_2024_n2l
Total Annual Cost of high-speed, fixed broadband internet
n2e
Cost of Raw Materials And Intermediate Goods Used In Prod. In Last Fiscal Year
n2i
Total Annual Cost of Finished Goods/Materials Bought To Resell In Last FY
n7a
Cost For Establishment To Re-Purchase All of Its Machinery
_2024_n11
Effective income-based tax rate
a15d
Day
a15m
Month
a15y
Year
a15h
Hour
a15min
Minutes
a16
Perception of The Questions Regarding Opinions And Perceptions
a17
Responses To The Questions About Figures Are…
_2020_2024_a18
This Questionnaire Was Completed In:
_2020_2024_a19h
If Option 2 or 3 In A.18, Estimate Duration of The Whole Interview: Hours
_2020_2024_a19m
If Option 2 or 3 In A.18, Estimate Duration of The Whole Interview: Minutes
_2020_2024_a13
Supervisor Number
_2024_a1d
Mode of Collection
a3b
official Capital City?
a3c
Main Business City?
a3
Size of Locality
_2024_d1a2_v4
Main Product/Service ISIC (Rev. 4) Code
stratificationregioncode
stratificationregioncode
stratificationsizecode
stratificationsizecode
stratificationsectorcode
stratificationsectorcode
stratificationpanelcode
panelcode
wstrict
Weight according to strict eligibility
wmedian
Weight according to median eligibility
wweak
Weight according to weak eligibility
strata
see notes
status2020
Status of 2013 firm in 2020
a15a2a
Main Respondent Years Working In The Establishment:
a15a2b
Second Respondent Years Working In The Establishment:
a15a2c
Third Respondent Years Working In The Establishment:
a15a3
Main Respondent's Gender
a15b3
Second Respondent's Gender
a15c3
Third Respondent's Gender
a4b
Industry Screener Sector
a6b
Screener Size, Categorical
b3
What Percentage of This Firm Does The Largest Owner(S) Own?
b6a
Was Establishment Formally Registered When It Began Operations?
BMh1
During Last 3 Yrs, Establishment Spent On Acquisition of External Knowledge?
BMh2
During Last 3 Yrs, Establishment Spent On R&D Within The Establishment?
BMh3
During Last 3 Yrs, Establishment Spent On R&D Contracted Outside Establishment?
BMk10
What Was The original Duration of The Most Recent Line of Credit or Loan?
BMk5
Lease Any Fixed Assets, e.g. Machinery, Vehicles, Equipment, Land or Buildings?
BMk7
What Is The Reason For Not Having A Loan or Line of Credit At The Moment?
BMl1b
Num. of Permanent Full-Time Employees At The End of FY Had A University Degree?
c8
How Long Did The Average Power Outage Last?
c15
Did You Experience Insufficient Water Supply For Production In Last FY?
c17
Average Length of Water Shortages (Affecting Production) In Last Fiscal Year
d10
In Last FY, % of Value of Products Lost In Transit Due To Theft
d11
In Last FY, % of Value of Products Lost In Transit Due To Breakage or Spoilage?
d14
Avg. Num. of Days For Imported Goods To Clear Customs In Last Fiscal Year
d1a1x
Main Product/Service (By The Largest % of Annual Sales) In Last Fiscal Year
d1a2
Main Product/Service ISIC (Rev. 3.1) Code
d4
In Last FY, Avg. Num. of Days For Exported Goods To Clear Customs?
d6
In Last FY, Export Losses Due To Theft As % of Value of Products
d7
In Last FY, Export Losses Due To Breakage or Spoilage As % of Value of Products
f2
Number of Hours Per Week Operated By The Establishment In Last Fiscal Year
g1a
Percentage of The Land Occupied: Owned By This Establishment
g1b
Percentage of The Land Occupied: Rented or Leased By This Establishment
g1c
Percentage of The Land Occupied: Other
g6a
Percentage of The Building Occupied: Owned By This Establishment
g6c
Percentage of The Building Occupied: Other
h7a
The Court System Is Fair, Impartial And Uncorrupted
i1
In Last FY, Did This Establishment Pay For Security?
i2a
Percentage of Total Annual Sales Paid For Security In Last Fiscal Year
i2b
In Last Fiscal Year, What Is The Total Annual Cost of Security?
i3
Losses Due To Theft, Robbery, Vandalism or Arson Experienced In Last Fiscal Year
i4a
Losses Due To Theft, Robbery, Vandalism or Arson In Last FY (% of Sales)
i4b
Value of Losses Due To Theft, Robbery, Vandalism or Arson In Last FY
j6
% of Value Avg. Establishment Pays In Informal Gifts To Govt To Secure Contract?
k1c
In Last FY, % of Material Inputs or Services Paid For After Delivery
k2c
In Last FY, % of Total Annual Sales Paid For After Delivery
l4a
Num. Full-time Employees At End Of Last Fiscal Yr: Skilled Production Workers
n2f
Total Annual Costs of Fuel In Last Fiscal Year
_2020_a2
Sampling Region
_2020_BMb1
% of the Firm Owned By The Same Family
_2020_BMb2
% of Family Members in Key Management Positions
_2020_BMb3
Does Firm have Formalized Written Business Strategy?
_2020_BMb4
Does Firm have Board of Directors or Supervisory Board?
_2020_BMb5
Owner/CEO/Top Manager/Board Member Ever Elected/Appointed to Political Position?
_2020_BMb6
Firm Part of a Business Membership organization/Trade Association/Etc.?
_2020_BMb8a
Value of Service: Information/Contacts On International Products & Input Markets
_2020_BMb8b
Value of Service: Accrediting Standards or Quality of Products
_2020_BMb8c
Value of service: Information on government regulations
_2020_BMb8d
Value of service: Influencing regulatory decision-making processes / lobbying
_2020_BMd1a
Total sales expected to increase, decrease, or stay the same?
_2020_BMd1b
Expected Annual Sales Growth Next Year
_2020_d5a
In Clearing Exports Through Customs,Informal Gift/Payment Expected or Requested?
_2020_d15a
In Clearing Imports Through Customs,Informal Gift/Payment Expected or Requested?
_2020_h4x
Describe How The Main New/Significantly Improved Product or Service Is Different
_2020_h7x
How The Main New/Significantly Improved Process Is Different
_2020_BMt1
How Often Does The Top Manager Meet With The COO, CAO etc.?
_2020_BMt2
How Often Does The Top Manager Meet With Suppliers?
_2020_BMt3
How Often Does Top Manager Meet With Employees In Production/Services Provision?
_2020_BMt4
How Many Meetings With Top Manager More Than One Other Participant Involved?
_2020_BMt5
How Many Meetings With Top Manager Last Longer Than One Hour?
_2020_BMk3a
% of Working Capital in Government grants
_2020_BMk3b
% of Working Capital in Issued Bonds
_2020_BMk2
The Proportion of Working Capital, Financed By The Same Group
_2020_BMk5a
Last FY, % Fixed Assets Financed with Government grants
_2020_BMk5a1
Fixed Assets - Financed with Government grants
_2020_BMk5b
Last FY, % Fixed Assets Financed by Issuing Bonds
_2020_BMk5b1
Fixed Assets - Financed by Issuing Bonds
_2020_BMk4
Proportion of Total Purchase of Fixed Assets Financed By The Same Group
_2020_BMk6
Purchase Any Trademarks, Copyrights, Patents, or Other Intangible Assets?
_2020_k4b
Purchase Any New/Used Fixed Assets?
_2020_n5c
Total Annual Expenditure For Purchases of Equipment In Year Prior To Last FY
_2020_n5d
Total Annual Expenditure On Land And Buildings In Year Prior To Last FY
_2020_BMk9
In What Currency Is The Most Recent Line of Credit or Loan Denominated?
_2020_BMk9x
Other (Specify)
_2020_BMj1a
Tax officials Were Professional And Impartial
_2020_BMj1b
Tax officials Were Transparent When Making Decisions About This Establishment
_2020_BMj1c
This Establishment Was Able To Voice Complaints
_2020_BMj1_impartial_pos
BMj1: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj1_transparent_pos
BMj1: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj1_voice_pos
BMj1: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj2a
Public officials Were Professional And Impartial
_2020_BMj2b
Public officials Were Transparent In Making Decisions About This Establishment
_2020_BMj2c
This Establishment Was Able To Voice Complaints
_2020_BMj2_impartial_pos
BMj2: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj2_transparent_pos
BMj2: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj2_voice_pos
BMj2: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj3a
Payments, Gifts or Exchange of Favors With Parliamentarians To Affect Votes
_2020_BMj3b
Payments, or Exchange of Favors With National Govt officials To Affect Decrees
_2020_BMj3c
Payments, or Exchange of Favors With Local/Reg. Govt officials To Affect Policy
_2020_BMj3_parliament_pos
BMj3: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj3_natgov_pos
BMj3: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj3_locgov_pos
BMj3: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj4a
How Much of An Obstacle: Occupational safety regulations
_2020_BMj4b
How Much of An Obstacle: Health and hygiene regulations
_2020_BMj4c
How Much of An Obstacle: Environmental regulations
_2020_j30_safety_pos
J30: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_j30_health_pos
J30: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_j30_environment_pos
J30: The Position in which This Option Appears During Interview
_2020_BMj5
For The Next 3 Years, Which Public Spending Should Be of Highest Priority?
_2020_BMj5x
Other (Specify)
_2020_BMl1a
% Permanent Full-Time Employees At The End of FY Had A University Degree?
_2020_BMl2
What Was The Primary Focus of The Formal Training Programs?
_2020_n2p
Total Cost of Sales In Last FY
_2020_n2e1
Total Cost of Raw Materials And Intermediate Goods Used In Production
_2020_BMGa22
Continue with current respondent or someone else
_2020_BMGa23
Continue F2F or by phone
_2020_a15a1a
Option That Best Describes The Main Respondents Position
_2020_a15a1ax
Main Respondent Position In The Establishment
_2020_a15a1bx
Second Respondent Position In The Establishment
_2020_a15a1cx
Third Respondent Position In The Establishment
_2020_BMGa14gd
Day
_2020_BMGa14gm
Month
_2020_BMGa14gy
Year
_2020_BMGa14gh
Hour
_2020_BMGa14gmin
Minutes
_2020_BMGa1
In Last FY, Strategic Objectives Mention Environmental or Climate Change Issues
_2020_BMGa2
In Last FY, Have Manager Responsible For Environmental or Climate Issues?
_2020_BMGa3
Manager Responsible For Environment And Climate Change Issues Report To
_2020_BMGa4
Customers Require Certifications or Adherence To Some Environmental Standards?
_2020_BMGb1
Over Last 3 Years, Experienced Monetary Losses Due To Extreme Weather Events
_2020_BMGb2
Over Last 3 Years, Experienced Monetary Losses From Pollution
_2020_BMGc1
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Monitor Its Energy Consumption?
_2020_BMGc2
Over Last 3 Years, How Often Monitor Its Energy Consumption?
_2020_BMGc3
Over Last 3 Years, Completed External Energy Consumption Audit?
_2020_BMGc4
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Monitor Its Water Usage?
_2020_BMGc5
Over Last 3 Years, How Often Did This Establishment Monitor Its Water Usage?
_2020_BMGc6
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Complete External Water Usage Audit?
_2020_BMGc7
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Emit CO2?
_2020_BMGc9
Over Last 3 Years, How often Did This Establishment Monitor Its CO2 Emissions?
_2020_BMGc10
Over Last 3 Years, Completed External Audit of CO2 Emissions?
_2020_BMGc11
Over Last 3 Years, Monitor CO2 Emissions Along Its Supply Chain
_2020_BMGc12
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Emit Pollutants Other Than CO2?
_2020_BMGc13
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Monitor Pollutants Other Than CO2?
_2020_BMGc14
Over Last 3 Years, How OftenMonitor Its Emissions Other Than CO2?
_2020_BMGc15
Over Last 3 Years, Completed External Audit on Pollutants Other Than CO2
_2020_BMGc16
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Have Targets On Energy Consumption?
_2020_BMGc17
Over Last 3 Years, What Sort of Targets On Energy Consumption Were Set?
_2020_BMGc18
Over Last 3 Years, Did This Establishment Have Targets For CO2 Emissions?
_2020_BMGc19
Over Last 3 Years, What Sort of Targets On CO2 Emissions?
_2020_BMGc20
Over Last 3 Years,Have Targets For Pollution Emissions Other Than CO2?
_2020_BMGc21
Over Last 3 Years, What Sort of Targets On Pollution Emission Other Than CO2?
_2020_BMGc22
Is Environment/CC Manager Evaluated On Meeting Environmental Targets?
_2020_BMGc23a
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Heating And Cooling Improvements
_2020_BMGc23b
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt More Climate-Friendly Energy Generation On Site
_2020_BMGc23c
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Machinery Upgrades
_2020_BMGc23e
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Waste Minimization, Recycling And Waste Management
_2020_BMGc23f
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Air Pollution Control Measures
_2020_BMGc23g
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Water Management
_2020_BMGc23h
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Upgrades of Vehicles, Vessels, Aircraft In The Fleet
_2020_BMGc23i
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Improvement of Lighting Systems
_2020_BMGc23j
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Other Pollution Control Measures
_2020_BMGc24
Which Measure Has Contributed The Most To Reducing Environmental Impacts?
_2020_BMGc25
Over Last 3 Years, Adopt Any Measures To Enhance Energy Efficiency?
_2020_BMGc26
Over Last 3 Years, Were Any Of These Measures Developed By The Establishment?
_2020_BMGc27
What Is The Main Reason No Measures Were Not Adopted?
_2020_BMGc27x
Other Main Reason No Measures Were Adopted
_2020_BMGc28
Over Last 3 Years, Max. Time Period for Return On Investment Of The Measures?
_2020_BMGc29
Over Last 3 Years, Was Max. Payback Time vs. Non-Energy Efficiency Measures
_2020_BMGd6
In Last Fy, Was This Establishment Subject To An Energy Tax or Levy?
_2020_BMGd7
In Last FY, Subject To An Energy Performance Standard In Its Operations?
_2020_BMGd8
In Last FY, Which Energy Performance Standard Subjected To?
_2020_BMGe1
Electricity, In KWh, Consumed By The Establishment In Last FY?
_2020_BMGe2
Fuels Made From Petroleum Consumed By The Establishment In Last FY
_2020_BMGe2u
Units For Fuel Made From Petroleum
_2020_BMGe3
Natural Gas Consumed By The Establishment In Last FY
_2020_BMGe3u
Units For Natural Gas
_2020_BMGe3x
Specify Other Units For Natural Gas (If Not Included Above)
_2020_BMGe4
Coal, In Tonnes, Consumed By The Establishment In Last FY
_2020_BMGe5
In Last FY, Use Energy From Its Own Renewable Sources?
_2020_BMGe6
Kilograms of Solid Waste Generated By The Establishment In Last FY
_2020_BMGe7
In Last FY, Did This Establishment Measure Its CO2 Emissions?
_2020_BMGe8a
In Last FY, Emit Conventional Air Pollution (E.G. Nox, Sox)?
_2020_BMGe8b
In Last FY, Emit Other Greenhouse Gases (Ghgs)?
_2020_BMGe8c
In Last FY, Emit Soil or Land Pollutants?
_2020_BMGe8d
In Last FY, Emit Water Pollutants?
_2020_BMGe9a
In Last FY, Emit Conventional Air Pollution Other than CO2 (e.g. NOx, SOx)?
_2020_BMGe9b
In Last FY, Emit Other Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)?
_2020_BMGe9c
In Last FY, Emit Soil or Land Pollutants?
_2020_BMGe9d
In Last FY, Emit Water Pollutants?
_2020_BMGa15gd
Day
_2020_BMGa15gm
Month
_2020_BMGa15gy
Year
_2020_BMGa15gh
Hour
_2020_BMGa15gmin
Minutes
_2020_BMGa15a1dx
Green Economy Module Respondent Position In The Firm
_2020_BMGa15a2d
Green Economy Module Respondent Years Working In The Firm
_2020_BMGa15a4d
Green Economy Module Respondent Years In Position In The Firm
_2020_BMGa15a3d
Green Economy Module Respondent's Gender
_2020_stratificationregioncode
stratification region code
_2020_stratificationsizecode
stratification size code
_2020_stratificationsectorcode
stratification sector code
_2020_stratificationpanelcode
panel code
_2020_BMGe2x
Specify Other Units For Fuel (If Not Included Above)
_2013_a2
Sampling Region
_2013_a5
Sector Match Between Screener Information And Sample Frame
_2013_a7a1
Establishment part of a larger firm?
_2013_a8
Type Of Establishment
_2013_a10
Establishment's Financial Statements Separate from Other Establishments
_2013_a11a
How Many Establishments Are Included In The Financial Statements?
_2013_MNAb4a
Is the Principal owner a female?
_2013_MNAq5
How was the firm established?
_2013_MNAq5x
How was the firm established (Other)
_2013_MNAb7b
Highest level of Top Manager education
_2013_c18
% Of Water Supply (Used In Production) From Public Sources In Last Fiscal Year
_2013_MNAc18a
% of water supply from own or shared well
_2013_MNAc18b
% of water supply purchased from private vendors
_2013_MNAc18c
% of water supply from other
_2013_c22a
Do You Currently Communicate With Clients And Suppliers By E-Mail?
_2013_c28
Cell phones used in operations of the establishment
_2013_MNAc31a1
Change in total costs if electricity no longer an obstacle
_2013_MNAc31a3
Expected % decrease in total costs - electricity no obstacle
_2013_c30b
How Much Of An Obstacle: Telecommunications To Operations Of This Establishment?
_2013_MNAd7x
Main country of destination for this establishment's exports
_2013_MNAd14b
Longest number of days to clear customs in last fscal yr (direct import)
_2013_d16
Avg. days of inventory of most important input kept by establishment
_2013_d17
Avg. days of inventory of main sales item kept by establishment
_2013_MNAd31b1
Change in total costs if customs and trade regulations are no longer an obstacle
_2013_MNAd31b3
Expected % decrease in total costs - customs and trade regulations no obstacle
_2013_MNAe3a
Pressure from domestic competitors
_2013_MNAe3b
Pressure from foreign competitors
_2013_MNAq53
National, regional, local government or EU subsidies over last 3 yrs?
_2013_MNAe20
Biggest obstacle faced by establishment from competitors
_2013_h3
New or sig. impvd method of manf product or offering services in last 3 years?
_2013_h4a
New method for input, products, or service introduced over last 3 yrs
_2013_h4b
New supporting activities for process introduced over last 3 yrs
_2013_h6
New or signif. improved marketing method introduced in last three years?
_2013_MNAf3
Planns to increase size of the establishment
_2013_MNAf4
Satisfied with current size of esbalishtment?
_2013_MNAf5a
Satisfied because no more growth potential
_2013_MNAf5b
Satisfied so to avoid increased regulatory burden
_2013_MNAf5c
Satisfied so to avoid shareholder dispersion
_2013_MNAf5d
Content with current workload
_2013_k3b
% of Working capital Borrowed from banks private
_2013_k3c
% of Working capital Borrowed from banks state owned
_2013_k5b
Last FY, % Fixed Assets Funded By: Bank Borrowing-Private
_2013_k5c
Last FY, % Fixed Assets Funded By: Bank Borrowing-State Owned
_2013_MNAk8d
Reason why loan appliaction turned down
_2013_MNAq46f
Currency of the most recent line of credit/loan
_2013_MNAq46fx
Currency of the most recent line of credit/loan (Other)
_2013_MNAq46d
Annual nominal interest rate of the most recent line of credit/loan
_2013_MNAk15a1
Outstanding balance on the most recent line of credit/loan (LCU)
_2013_MNAk20b
Which source of funding was the most important to make up for the partial loan r
_2013_MNAk20c
Why did the establishment withdraw its application
_2013_MNAq31e
Has the establishment been to court as plaintiff or defendant in last 3 yrs
_2013_MNAj1b
The court system is quick
_2013_MNAj1c
The court system is able to enforce its decisions
_2013_MNAj1a
Judicial system will enforce contractual and property rights in business dispute
_2013_MNAj1d
Govt officials interpretation of regulations are consistent and predictable
_2013_MNAj31b1
Change in total costs if tax administration no longer an obstacle
Total: 738
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