Family Income and Expenditure Survey 2006
Philippines, 2006 - 2007
Identification
PHL_2006_FIES_v01_M
Family Income and Expenditure Survey 2006
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Philippines | PHL |
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
The 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES 2006) is a nationwide survey of households undertaken by the National Statistics Office. It is the main source of data on family income and expenditures.
From 1957 to 1975, the FIES was conducted every five years. However, in 1985, a new series of FIES (in terms of content and methodology) had begun and the gap of conducting this survey was reduced to three years. Hence, this is the fourteenth FIES since March 1957.
The 2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) had the following primary objectives:
- to gather data on family income and family expenditure and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;
- to determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;
- to provide benchmark information to update weights for the estimation of consumer price index; and
- to provide information for the estimation of the country's poverty threshold and incidence.
Sample survey data [ssd]
The unit of analysis is the family. A family consists of the household head, spouse, unmarried children, ever-married children, son-in-law/daughter-in-law, parents of the head/spouse and other relatives who are members of the household.
In households where there are two or more persons not related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption, only the income and expenditure of the member who is considered as the household head is included.
Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.
Version
v01_M: edited data
2008-01
Scope
The survey will gather income and expenditure data that include, among others, sources of income in cash and in kind and the levels of consumption by item of expenditure.
| Topic | Vocabulary | URI |
|---|---|---|
| consumption/consumer behaviour [1.1] | CESSDA | http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common |
Coverage
The 2003 Master Sample (MS) considers the country's 17 administrative regions as the sampling domains. A domain is referred to as a subdivision of the country for which estimates with adequate level of precision are generated. It must be noted that while there is demand for data at the provincial level (and to some extent municipal and barangay levels), the provinces were not treated as sampling domains because there are more than 80 provinces which would entail a large resource requirement.
Region
All households and members of households nationwide
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| National Statistics Office |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Technical Committee on Survey Design | Technical assistance on sampling methodology |
| National Statistical and Coordination Board | Technical assistance on questionnaire design |
| Name |
|---|
| National Statistics Office |
Sampling
The 2003 Master Sample (MS) considers the country's 17 administrative regions as defined in Executive Orders (EO) 36 and 131 as the sampling domains. A domain is referred to as a subdivision of the country for which estimates with adequate level of precision are generated. It must be noted that while there is demand for data at the provincial level (and to some extent municipal and barangay levels), the provinces were not treated as sampling domains because there are more than 80 provinces which would entail a large resource requirement.
As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS made use of an area sample design. For this purpose, the Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay.
This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.
The 2003 MS considers the 17 regions of the country as the primary strata. Within each region, further stratification was performed using geographic groupings such as provinces, highly urbanized cities (HUCs), and independent component cities (ICCs). Within each of these substrata formed within regions, the PSUs were further stratified, to the extent possible, using the proportion of strong houses (PSTRONG), indicator of engagement in agriculture of the area (AGRI), and a measure of per capita income (PERCAPITA) as stratification factors.
The 2003 MS consists of a sample of 2,835 PSUs. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the total PSUs; a half sample contains one-half of the four sub-samples or equivalent to all PSUs in two replicates. The final number of sample PSUs for each domain was determined by first classifying PSUs as either selfrepresenting (SR) or non-self-representing (NSR). In addition, to facilitate the selection of sub-samples, the total number of NSR PSUs in each region was adjusted to make it a multiple of 4. SR PSUs refers to a very large PSU in the region/domain with a selection probability of approximately 1 or higher and is outright included in the MS; it is properly treated as a stratum; also known as certainty PSU. NSR PSUs refers to a regular too small sized PSU in a region/domain; also known as non certainty PSU. The 2003 MS
consists of 330 certainty PSUs and 2,505 non-certainty PSUs. To have some control over the sub-sample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.
At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal probability.
An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries within barangays consisting of about 150 contiguous households. These EAs were identified during the 2000 CPH. A housing unit, on the other hand, is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, by the way it has been constructed, converted, or arranged, is intended for habitation by a household.
The 2006 FIES involved the interview of a national sample of about 51,000 sample households deemed sufficient to gather data on family income and family expenditure and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines at the national and regional level. The sample households covered in the survey were the same households interviewed in the July 2006 and January 2007 round of the LFS.
The estimates from the 2006 FIES include results of the first FIES visit for the NCR based on questionnaires recovered from fire. The fire that hit the NCR’s Statistics Office on October 3, 2006 damaged 58 percent of the total questionnaires for the FIES first visit. Questionnaires that were encoded and processed cover around 42 percent of these questionnaires. In the preliminary results, values for the burned questionnaires were imputed using a ratio which requires data from the recovered questionnaires and data from corresponding questionnaires from the second visit. The ratio was computed by getting the sums of the total income and total expenditure in the recovered questionnaires from the first visit and the sums of the same data from corresponding second visit questionnaires and then by dividing the sums from the second visit by the sums from the first visit. The annual estimates on income and expenditure for NCR were computed by dividing the second visit values by the computed ratio. For the final results, the annual estimates for the NCR were computed by multiplying by 2 the second visit data. This imputation procedure was opted after it has been established that there was no significant difference between using the ratio and the multiplier ‘2’.
The response rate for this survey is 86.4%. The response rate is the ratio of the total responding households to the total number of eligible households. Eligible households include households who were completely interviewed, refused to be interviewed or were temporarily away or not at home or on vacation during the survey period.
In the 2003 Master Sample Design, the probability that a household is included in the sample varies across domains/regions. However, the sampling design is epsem within domain (i.e. equal selection probabilities within region). The initial step in the construction of weights is to determine the unit's base weight. This is defined as the inverse of its selection probabilities. The base weight is further adjusted to take into account possible nonresponse and possibly to make the estimates conform to some known population totals.
The final survey weight assigned to each responding unit is computed as the product of the base weight, the nonresponse adjustment and the population weighting adjustment (in the case of households as responding unit - the household population weighting adjustment).
Survey instrument
The 2006 FIES adopts a questionnaire design wherein separate questionnaire with the same sets of questions for both visits will be used. The sample household is interviewed in two separate operations each time using the half-year period preceding the interview as reference period. This scheme envisions to improve the quality of data gathered since it minimizes memory bias of respondents and at the same time captures the seasonality of income and expenditure patterns. The use of separate questionnaire with the same set of questions for both visits was used starting 2003 FIES. In previous FIES, the same set of questions for each semester (two enumeration periods) were contained in one questionnaire.
To further reduce memory bias, the concept of "average week" consumption for all food items shall be utilized for the 2006 FIES. Moreover, the reference period for Fuel, Light and Water, Transportation and Communication, Household Operations and Personal Care and Effects is limited to the past month and in some specified cases, the concept of average month consumption shall be used. For all other expenditure groups, the past six months shall be used as reference period.
The questionnaire has four main parts consisting of the following:
Part I. Identification and Other Information (page 1-3)
(Geographic Identification, Other Information and Particulars about the Family)
Part II. Expenditures (page 4-45)
Section A. Food, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco
Section B. Fuel, Light and Water, Transportation and Communication, and Household Operations
Section C. Personal Care and Effects, Clothing Footwear and Other Wear
Section D. Education, Recreation, and Medical Care
Section E. Furnishings and Equipment
Section F. Taxes
Section G. Housing, House Maintenance and Minor Repairs
Section H. Miscellaneous Expenditures
Section I. Other Disbursements
Part III. Income (page 46-55)
Section A. Salaries and Wages from Employment
Section B. Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables Produced and/or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other Households
Section C. Other Sources of Income
Section D. Other Receipts
Section F. Family Sustenance Activities
Part IV. Entrepreneurial Activities (page 56-69)
Section A1. Crop Farming and Gardening
Section A2. Livestock and Poultry
Section A3. Fishing
Section A4. Forestry and Hunting
Section A5. Wholesale and Retail
Section A6. Manufacturing
Section A7. Community, Social, Recreational and Personal Services
Section A8. Transportation, Storage and Communication Services
Section A9. Mining and Quarrying
Section A10. Construction
Section A11. Entrepreneurial Activities Not Elsewhere Classified
A guide for comparing disbursements against receipts is found on page 70.
The general design of the questionnaire also includes codes inside the box usually located at the top of the framed questions. These codes are for automatic data processing purposes.
Data collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2006-07-08 | 2006-07-31 | Visit 1 |
| 2007-01-08 | 2007-01-31 | Visit 2 |
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2006-01-01 | 2006-06-30 | Visit 1 |
| 2006-07-01 | 2006-12-31 | Visit 2 |
| Name |
|---|
| National Statiscs Office |
It is the responsibility of the supervisors to give prompt action to problems in the field. The RDs, PSOs and their assistants visited enumerators (ENs) within their jurisdiction to find out for themselves if instructions are being followed.
During supervision, the following were done:
- Observed how the interview is being conducted. Errors noted were pointed out to the ENs to avoid the same mistakes in succeeding interviews.
- Scrutinized the accomplished questionnaires for correctness, completeness and consistency of entries and returned the problem questionnaires to the ENs for verification of the incorrect entries.
- Conducted a random re-interview of households/respondents to ensure that the ENs really visited and interviewed the sample households and eligible respondents.
- Helped solve problems encountered by enumerators such as refusals, callbacks and others.
- Ensured that expected outputs of the ENs are met.
- Ensured that the ENs trained were the ones conducting the interview.
- Collected the questionnaires from the ENs as well as accomplishment reports.
- Be available if the ENs need assistance in relation to the conduct of the surveys.
- Filled-up the Supervisor's Report Form and submitted to the Regional Office.
Training
The training was conducted in three (3) levels. The first level involved the training of task force members participated by selected central office (CO) personnel, selected provincial statistical officer (PSO), regional statistician, and selected provincial staff. The selected Income and Employment Statistics Division ( IESD) staff trained them.
The second level training was held at the Regional Offices (RO). Provincial Statistical Officers (PSO), Regional Statisticians, and Provincial Statisticians who attended the Task Force Training acted as trainers during the second level training.
The the third level training was attended by District Statistical Officer (DSOs), Statistical Coordination Officer (SCOs) and hired Statistical Researchers (SRs). The training was conducted for five (5) days for the LFS/FIES.
The first phase of survey operation was conducted in July 2006 and data gathered were for the period January 1 to June 30, 2006. The second phase of operation was conducted in January 2007 and gathered information for the period July 1 to December 31, 2006.
Standard Output Per Day
The expected output of completed interviews per manday may vary. For this survey round, the average output is 1.5 households per manday including travel time. This amounts to 3 completed interviews every two (2) days.
Dealing with Enumeration and Related Problems
- Non-response
One of the problems of any survey undertaking is the failure to get complete information from some respondents. This may be due to the inability of enumerator to find an eligible respondent at home for the interview, refusal of the respondent to be interviewed or insufficient effort and concern by the field enumerators to persuade respondents to be interviewed. Revisiting the households who were not interviewed is one way of getting less incidence of non-response. As a general rule, the enumerator should make two callbacks or a total of three visits to the household. If for any reason the respondent refuses to be interviewed, the enumerator should be tactful and patient in persuading the eligible respondents to be interviewed. The assurance that the information provided shall be held confidential and the degree of the respondents understanding of the purpose of the survey may convince the eligible respondent to grant an interview. In case no member of the household is found at home and the neighbor informs the enumerator that the household would not be expected to be back within the enumeration period, he should make one last visit to the household to confirm the information. In case the household will be back within the enumeration period, make it a point to interview the household.
Starting July 2003 survey round, there will be no more replacement of households. Extra effort should be exerted to minimize non-responses.
- Deferment of Interview
It is possible that even if the respondent is at home, he/she will refuse to be interviewed at that particular moment. In this instance, the enumerator should make an appointment with the respondent at his/her most convenient time. If the postponement of the interview is requested after completing ISH Form 2 and part of FIES Form 1, the enumerator should ask at what time and date when he will return for interview. Bear in mind that appropriate dealing with field problems lies heavily not only on the enumerators but also on the field supervisors. The supervisors should be responsive to the problems and difficulties presented by the enumerators during the survey period. The SRs must be closely supervised by their supervisors.
- Lack of Forms
Limited number of FIES questionnaires were printed because of the high printing cost. Hence, exact numbers of questionnaires were allocated for each province based on the number of sample households. FIES questionnaires were also provided for use during the second and third level training. Only minimal numbers of reserve questionnaires for enumeration were sent to regional offices. It should be emphasized that proper handling of questionnaires should be observed to avoid their wastage.
- Problem Area
Some barangays may not be penetrated due to peace and order problems, calamities and other valid reasons Situations such as these should be reported for appropriate action to the PSO and RD the soonest time possible The field operation may be postponed in case of flood or other calamities.
- Accidents or injuries
Report immediately cases of accidents, injury or disability to the DSO, PSO, RD and CO for appropriate action. Necessary documents like doctor's certificate, report of the accident, hospital bills, medicines receipts, etc., should be attached to the report of the DSO/PSO.
Data processing
The 2006 FIES questionnaire contains about 721 data items and a summary for comparing income and expenditures. The questionnaires were subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency.
The major steps in the machine processing are as follows:
- Data Entry
- Completeness Check
- Matching of visit records
- Consistency and Macro Edit (Big Edit)
- Generation of the Public Use File
- Tabulation
Steps 1 to 2 were done right after each visit. The remaining steps were carried out only after the second visit had been completed. Steps 1 to 4 were done at the Regional Office while Steps 5 and 6 were completed in the Central Office.
After completing Steps 1 to 4, data files were transmitted to the Central Office where a summary file was generated. The summary file was used to produce the consistency tables as well as the preliminary and textual tables. When the generated tables showed inconsistencies, selected data items were subjected to further scrutiny and validation. The cycle of generation of consistency tables and data validation were done until questionable data items were verified.
The FAME (FIES computer-Aided Consistency and Macro Editing), an interactive Windows-based application system was used in data processing. This system was used starting with the 2000 FIES round. The interactive module of FAME enabled the following activities to be done simultaneously.
a) Matching of visit records
b) Consistency and macro edit (big edit)
c) Range check
The improved system minimized processing time as well as minimized, if not eliminated, the need for paper to generate the reject listing.
Data appraisal
As in all surveys, two types of non-response were encountered in the 2006 FIES: interview non-response and item non-response. Interview non-response refers to a sample household that could not be interviewed. Since the survey requires that the sample households be interviewed in both visits, households that transferred to another dwelling unit, temporarily away, on vacation, not at home, household unit demolished, destroyed by fire/typhoon and refusal to be interviewed in the second visit contributed to the number of interview non-response cases.
Item non-response, or the failure to obtain responses to particular survey items, resulted from factors such as respondents being unaware of the answer to a particular question, unwilling to provide the requested information or ENs' omission of questions during the interview. Deterministic imputation was done to address item nonresponse. This imputation is a process in which proper entry for a particular missing item was deduced from other items of the questionnaire where the non-response item was observed. Notes and remarks indicated in the questionnaire were likewise used as basis for imputation.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Chief, Income and Employment Statistics Division | National Statistics Office | iesdstaff@census.gov.ph |
| Chief, Data Bank and Information Systems Division | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | The Survey conforms to the provisions of confidentiality stated under Section 4 of Commonwealth Act No. 591, which says that the "Data furnished to the Bureau of Census and Statistics (BCS) now known as the National Statistics Office (NSO) by an individual, corporation, partnership, institution or business enterprise shall not be used as evidence in any court or in any public office either as evidence against the individual, corporation, association, partnership, institution, or business enterprise from whom such data emanates; nor shall such data or information be divulged to any person except authorized employees of the NSO acting in the performance of their duties; nor shall such data be published except in the form of summaries or statistical tables in which no reference to an individual, corporation, association, partnership, institution or business enterprise shall appear." |
Authorization to use this data is granted only to the client or data user and persons within its organization, if applicable. Under no circumstances shall the client reproduce, distribute, sell or lend the entire data or parts thereof to any other data user apart from himself or that of authorized employees in his organization. The NSO shall hold the data user fully responsible for safeguarding the data from any unauthorized access or use.
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
-
To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor.
-
Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
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To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification
revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor.
Any report, paper or similar articles, whether published or not, emanating from the use of this data shall give appropriate acknowledgement as suggested herein, “2006 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, National Statistics Office, Manila, Philippines”, as the source of basic data. The data user or client is encouraged to provide NSO with a copy of such report, paper or article. It is understood that unless expressly allowed by the client, such report, paper or article shall not be used for any purpose other than monitoring.
Disclaimer and copyrights
The NSO gives no warranty that the data are free from errors. Hence, the NSO shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage as a result of the client's manipulation or tabulation of the data.
The data user acknowledges that any available intellectual property rights, including copyright in the data are owned by the Philippines National Statistics Office.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Chief, Income and Employment Statistics Division | National Statistics Office | iesdstaff@census.gov.ph |
| Chief, Data Bank and Information Systems Division | National Statistics Office | info@census.gov.ph |
Metadata production
DDI_PHL_2006_FIES_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Susan M. Anis | Documentation of the study | |
| Accelerated Data Program | International Household Survey Network | Editing for the IHSN Survey Catalog |
2009-08-12
Metadata version
Version 01: Adopted from "DDI_PHL_2006_FIES_v2_M" DDI that was done by metadata producers mentioned in "Metadata Production" section.