Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2005
Macedonia, FYR, 2005
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MKD_2005_MICS_v01_M
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2005
Monitoring the Situation of Children and Women
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Macedonia, FYR | MKD |
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 3 [hh/mics-3]
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Round 3 (MICS3) is the third round of MICS surveys, previously conducted around 1995 (MICS1) and 2000 (MICS2). Many questions and indicators are consistent and compatible with the prior round of MICS (MICS2) but less so with MICS1, although there have been a number of changes in definition of indicators between rounds. Details can be found by reviewing the indicator definitions.
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular. MICS is capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The current round of MICS is focused on providing a monitoring tool for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Fit for Children (WFFC), as well as for other major international commitments, such as the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.
Survey Objectives
The 2005 Republic of Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey has as its primary objectives:
- To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in the Republic of Macedonia;
- To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established by the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in the Republic of Macedonia and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.
Survey Content
MICS questionnaires are designed in a modular fashion that can be easily customized to the needs of a country. They consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker). Other than a set of core modules, countries can select which modules they want to include in each questionnaire.
Survey Implementation
The survey was implemented by the Macedonian State Statistical Office (SSO) with the support and assistance of UNICEF and other partners. Technical assistance and training for the surveys is provided through a series of regional workshops, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Households (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together)
De jure household members (defined as memers of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)
Women aged 15-49
Children aged 0-4
Version
Version 1.0: Edited data used for final report
2007-12-06
Scope
The Republic of Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey included the following modules in the questionnaires:
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE : Household listing, education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child labour, child discipline, child disability.
WOMEN'S QUESTIONNAIRE: Women's characteristics, child mortality, maternal and newborn health, marriage, contraception, domestic violence, sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge.
CHILDREN'S QUESTIONNAIRE: Children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, child development, breastfeeding, care of illness, immunization and anthropometry.
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Household members | MICS Topics |
| Education | MICS Topics |
| Water and sanitation | MICS Topics |
| Household characteristics | MICS Topics |
| Child development | MICS Topics |
| Child labour | MICS Topics |
| Disability | MICS Topics |
| Women's background | MICS Topics |
| Child mortality | MICS Topics |
| Maternal and newborn health | MICS Topics |
| Marriage and union | MICS Topics |
| Contraception | MICS Topics |
| Attitudes towards domestic violence | MICS Topics |
| Sexual behaviour | MICS Topics |
| HIV/AIDS | MICS Topics |
| Children's background | MICS Topics |
| Birth registration | MICS Topics |
| Early learning | MICS Topics |
| Child discipline | MICS Topics |
| Breastfeeding | MICS Topics |
| Care of illness | MICS Topics |
| Immunization | MICS Topics |
| Anthropometry | MICS Topics |
Coverage
The survey is nationally representative and covers the whole of Republic of Macedonia.
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia | SSORM |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| UNICEF, Republic of Macedonia Country Office | UNICEF | Technical assistance and supervision |
| UNICEF Regional MICS coordinator | UNICEF | International technical assistance |
| UNICEF Regional M&E officer | UNICEF | International technical assistance |
| Strategic Information Section, Division of Policy and Planning, UNICEF NYHQ | UNICEF | International technical assistance |
| Trevor Croft | TNC | Technical assistance in analysis |
| Ministry of Health | Technical support in questionnaire design | |
| The Republic Institute For Health Protection | Technical support in questionnaire design | |
| Ministry of Education and Science | Technical support in questionnaire design | |
| Ministry of Local-Self Governance | Technical support in questionnaire design | |
| Ministry of Labour and Social Policy | Technical support in questionnaire design | |
| Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning | Technical support in questionnaire design | |
| World Health Organization | Technical support in questionnaire design |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| UNICEF HQ | MICS implementation, participation at regional trainings, technical (consultancy) support, final report (including translation, design, printing) |
| UNDP HQ | MICS implementation |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | Financial and technical support in data archiving |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Embassy of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland | Financial support |
Sampling
The principal objective of the sample design was to provide current and reliable estimates on a set of indicators covering the four major areas of the World Fit for Children declaration, including promoting healthy lives; providing quality education; protecting against abuse, exploitation and violence; and combating HIV/AIDS. The population covered by the 2005 MICS is defined as the universe of all women aged 15-49 and all children aged under 5. A sample of households was selected and all women aged 15-49 identified as usual residents of these households were interviewed. In addition, the mother or the caretaker of all children aged under 5 who were usual residents of the household were also interviewed about the child.
The 2005 MICS collected data from a nationally representative sample of households, women and children. The primary focus of the 2005 MICS was to provide estimates of key population and health, education, child protection and HIV related indicators for the country as a whole, and for urban and rural areas separately. In addition, the sample was designed to provide estimates for each of the 8 regions for key indicators: Skopski, Pelagoniski, Vardarski, North East, South West, South East, Poloski and East. Each region was divided into municipalities, and addition, in the 2002 census, each municipality was subdivided into enumeration areas. In total Republic of Macedonia includes 123 municipalities, and 7105 enumeration areas. The sample frame for this survey was based on the list of enumeration areas developed from the 2002 population census.
The primary sampling unit (PSU), the cluster for the 2005 MICS, is defined on the basis of the enumeration areas from the census frame. Census enumeration areas were defined as primary sampling units (PSUs). The sampling strata can be identified using a combination of the region (HH7) and area (HH6) variables, e.g. stratum = HH7*10 + HH6.
A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach was used for the selection of the survey sample. The sampling domains are defined as urban and rural areas of each of the regions of Republic of Macedonia. The sample was further stratified to include specific strata for the Roma population, dividing all strata into Roma and non-Roma strata. The selection of clusters was performed by generating a list of all clusters in each stratum, ordered by the total number of women aged 12-46 at the time of the census in 2002 (who would be 15-49 at the time of the survey in 2005), with the cluster with the largest number of women listed first. From this list, the first K clusters were selected, where K is the number of clusters to be selected in the stratum, according to the selection table above. In total there were 350 clusters selected with a fixed take of 15 households per cluster selected for interview, expected to yield 5250 households. The selection of households was performed by sorting the list of households in each cluster into two groups: households with children under 5, and those without children under 5. From these two groups, 12 households were to be selected from the first group and 3 households from the second group.
Following standard MICS data collection rules, if a household was actually more than one household when visited, then a) if the selected household contained two households, both were interviewed, or b) if the selected household contained 3 or more households, then only the household of the person named as the head was interviewed.
No replacement of households was permitted in case of non-response or non-contactable households. Adjustments were made to the sampling weights to correct for non-response, according to MICS standard procedures.
The sampling procedures are more fully described in the sampling design document and the sampling appendix of the final report.
The household completion rate was less than expected (household surveys such as MICS target a completion rate of 95%, or better). Looking at the distribution of incomplete households by stratum and by interviewer, there is neither apparent bias in the incompletion rates nor any obvious systematic incompletion of household interviews, with similar response rates in each of the two household selection groups (households with children under 5 and households without children under 5). There are however, a substantial number of “Refusals”, a similar number recorded as “Other”, and slightly smaller numbers categorized as “Not at home”, or “Households or addresses not found/Dwelling destroyed”.
5250 households were selected for the sample. During the fieldwork the number of households identified increased to 5379, due to the fact that in some cases, more than one household were found in one dwelling. In these cases, the MICS3 guidelines were followed, and in the cases where two households are found in one dwelling, both households were included in the survey. Of the total of 5379 households, 5287 were found to be occupied. Of these, 4701 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 89 percent. In the interviewed households, 7539 women (age 15-49) were identified. Of these, 7397 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 98 percent. In addition, 4578 children under age five were listed in the household questionnaire. Of these, questionnaires were completed for 4548 which corresponds to a response rate of 99 percent. Overall response rates of 87 and 88 percent are calculated for the women's and under-5's interviews respectively.
The Republic of Macedonia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey sample is not self-weighted. Sample weights were calculated for each of the datafiles.
Initially, for weighting the data, stratum level weights were calculated, based on urban-rural within region, and separately for non-Roma and for Roma, and for households with children under-5, and for households without children under-5 based on the sampling information collected. Stratum level weights would be applicable if sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) method of selecting clusters had been used. As the method of selecting clusters was based on selecting the largest K clusters in the stratum, where K is the number of clusters to be selected, it was not possible to use this approach, and so cluster level weights have been calculated.
Weights computed at the cluster level applying the inverse of the probability of selection were calculated. These were then adjusted for non-response at the stratum level, and then normalized to the total sample of households to produce the final household weights. The household weight variable is called HHWEIGHT and is used with the HH data and the HL data.
For the women's and for the children's data, the household weights were adjusted for non-response to the women's and the children's questionnaires respectively, and normalized to the total number of women and children interviewed, as is standard in MICS (and other household surveys).
However, due to the biased age/sex distribution found in the survey data (resulting from the selection of clusters being based on those clusters with the largest number of eligible women), the data for the household members and for women were further weighted to adjust the age/sex distribution to the age/sex distribution found in the census. This adjustment was performed based on five-year groups of age. These adjusted weights were then normalized to the total number of household members and women, respectively. The same adjustment was not done for the children's data as there is only one five-year age group in the children's data. Although there are some differences in the sex distribution from the survey data compared to the census data, the differences were not considered sufficient to adjust the weighting for this group.
Survey instrument
The questionnaires for the Republic of Macedonia MICS were structured questionnaires based on the MICS3 Model Questionnaire with some modifications and additions. A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, relationship, and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire includes education, water and sanitation, household characteristics, child discipline, child labour and child disability.
In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women age 15-49 and children under age five. For children, the questionnaire was administered to the mother or caretaker of the child.
The women's questionnaire include women's characteristics, child mortality, maternal and newborn health, marriage, contraception, domestic violence, sexual behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge.
The children's questionnaire includes children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, child development, breastfeeding, care of illness, immunization and anthropometry.
The questionnaires were developed in English from the MICS3 Model Questionnaires, and were translated into Macedonian and Albanian. The Macedonian and Albanian questionnaires were both piloted as part of the survey pretest, during 13-14 October 2005. Based on the results of pretest, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires.
All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2005-11-04 | 2005-11-30 |
Interviewing was conducted by teams of interviewers. Each interviewing team comprised of 4 interviewers, a field editor and a supervisor, and a driver. Each team used a 4 wheel drive vehicle to travel from cluster to cluster (and where necessary within cluster).
The role of the supervisor was to coordinate field data collection activities, including management of the field teams, supplies and equipment, finances, maps and listings, coordinate with local authorities concerning the survey plan and make arrangements for accommodation and travel. Additionally, the field supervisor assigned the work to the interviewers, spot checked work, maintained field control documents, and sent completed questionnaires and progress reports to the central office
The field editor was responsible for reviewing each questionnaire at the end of the day, checking for missed questions, skip errors, fields incorrectly completed, and checking for inconsistencies in the data. The field editor also observed interviews and conducted review sessions with interviewers.
Responsibilities of the supervisors and field editors are described in the Instructions for Interviewers and Supervisors. together with the different field controls that were in place to control the quality of the fieldwork.
Field visits were also made by a team of central staff on a periodic basis during fieldwork. The senior staff of State Statistical Office of Republic of Macedonia also made 3 visits to field teams to provide support and to review progress.
Training for the fieldwork was conducted for 15 days in 5 cities: Kumanovo, Tetovo, Skopje, Stip and Ohrid, (3 days at each point) from October 17 to October 31, 2005. Training included lectures on interviewing techniques and the contents of the questionnaires, and mock interviews between trainees to gain practice in asking questions. Towards the end of the training period, trainees spent 2 days in practice interviewing in 8 municipalities within the Skopski region.
The data were collected by 20 teams; each comprised 4 interviewers, one driver, one editor/measurer and a supervisor. Fieldwork began on November 4 and concluded on November 30, 2005.
Interviews averaged 35 minutes for the household questionnaire (excluding salt testing), 23 minutes for the women's questionnaire, and 27 for the under five children's questionnaire (excluding the anthropometry). Interviews were conducted in Macedonian and Albanian.
8 persons from State Statistical Office were selected as supervisors, each for one statistical region. The overall field coordinator was Suzana Stojanovska.
Data processing
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing (see Other processing), including:
a) Office editing and coding
b) During data entry
c) Structure checking and completeness
d) Secondary editing
e) Structural checking of SPSS data files
Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the data processing guidelines
Data appraisal
Estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) non-sampling errors and 2) sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in the implementation of data collection and data processing. Numerous efforts were made during implementation of the 2005 MICS to minimize this type of error, however, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.
Sampling errors can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents to the 2005 MICS is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differe somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability in the results of the survey between all possible samples, and, although, the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results. The sampling erros are measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean or percentage), which is the square root of the variance. Confidence intervals are calculated for each statistic within which the true value for the population can be assumed to fall. Plus or minus two standard errors of the statistic is used for key statistics presented in MICS, equivalent to a 95 percent confidence interval.
If the sample of respondents had been a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulae for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2005 MICS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and consequently needs to use more complex formulae. The SPSS complex samples module has been used to calculate sampling errors for the 2005 MICS. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. This method is documented in the SPSS file CSDescriptives.pdf found under the Help, Algorithms options in SPSS.
Sampling errors have been calculated for a select set of statistics (all of which are proportions due to the limitations of the Taylor linearization method) for the national sample, urban and rural areas, and for each of the eight regions. For each statistic, the estimate, its standard error, the coefficient of variation (or relative error -- the ratio between the standard error and the estimate), the design effect, and the square root design effect (DEFT -- the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used), as well as the 95 percent confidence intervals (+/-2 standard errors).
Details of the sampling errors are presented in the sampling errors appendix to the report and in the sampling errors table presented in te external resources.
A series of data quality tables and graphs are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:
Age distribution of the household population
Age distribution of eligible women and interviewed women
Age distribution of eligible children and children for whom the mother or caretaker was interviewed
Age distribution of children under age 5 by 3 month groups
Age and period ratios at boundaries of eligibility
Percent of observations with missing information on selected variables
Presence of mother inthe household and person interviewed for the under 5 questionnaire
School attendance by single year age
Sex ratio at birth among children ever born, surviving and dead by age of respondent Distribution of women by time since last birth
Scatterplot of weight by height, weight by age and height by age
Graph of male and female population by single years of age
Population pyramid
The results of each of these data quality tables is shown in the appendix of the final report and is also given in the external resources section.
The general rule for presentation of missing data in the final report tabulations is that a column is presented for missing data if the percentage of cases with missing data is 1% or more. Cases with missing data on the background characteristics (e.g. education) are included in the tables, but the missing data rows are suppressed and noted at the bottom of the tables in the report (not in the SPSS output, however).
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL |
|---|---|---|
| State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia | SSORM | www.stat.gov.mk |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets. |
Survey datasets are distributed at no cost for legitimate research, with the condition that we receive a description of the objectives of any research project that will be using the data prior to authorizing their distribution. Copies of all reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to the State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macdonia (info@stat.gov.mk) and UNICEF (skopje@unicef.org) .
Requests for access to the datasets may be made through the website www.childinfo.org.
State Statistical Office, Republic of Macedonia. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey: Household , household listing, women and children's files, 2005 [Computer file]. Skopje, Republic of Macedonia: State Statistical Office [producer], 2006. Skopje, Republic of Macedonia: Central Statistical Office, and New York: Strategic Information Section, Dvision of Policy and Planning, UNICEF [distributors], 2006.
Disclaimer and copyrights
State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia and UNICEF provides these data to external users without any warranty or responsibility implied. State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia and UNICEF accepts no responsibility for the results and/or implications of any actions resulting from the use of these data.
2007, State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia | SSORM | info@stat.gov.mk | www.stat.gov.mk |
| UNICEF Skopje | UNICEF | skopje@unicef.org | www.unicef.org |
| Hancioglu, Attila | UNICEF | ahancioglu@unicef.org | www.childinfo.org |
Metadata production
DDI_MKD_2005_MICS_v01_M
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| State Statistical Office of Republic of Macedonia | Producer of Macedonia MICS archive | |
| Bjelic, Ivana | Strategic Marketing Research | Producer of Macedonia MICS archive |
| Zoric, Aleksandar | Strategic Marketing Research | Data producer and customization of generic template |
| Croft, Trevor | Blancroft Research International | Producer of Generic MICS example archive |
| James, Rhiannon | UNICEF | Customisation of Macedonia MICS 3 archive for childinfo.org |
2008-01-30
Metadata version
Republic of Macedonia MICS UNICEF 2005 v0.6
Slightly edited version of UNICEF's DDI ref. DDI-MKD-UNICEF-MICS2005/1.0-v0.6